tapps-agents 3.5.40__py3-none-any.whl → 3.6.0__py3-none-any.whl

tapps_agents/experts/knowledge/performance/optimization-patterns.md

@@ -1,327 +1,327 @@
-# Performance Optimization Patterns
-
-## Overview
-
-Performance optimization is the process of improving system performance by reducing resource consumption, improving response times, and increasing throughput. This guide covers common optimization patterns and techniques.
-
-## Code-Level Optimizations
-
-### Algorithm Optimization
-
-**Choose the Right Algorithm:**
-- Use O(n log n) sorting instead of O(n²)
-- Prefer hash maps (O(1)) over linear search (O(n))
-- Use binary search (O(log n)) for sorted arrays
-- Consider space-time tradeoffs
-
-**Example:**
-```python
-# Bad: O(n²) - nested loops
-def find_duplicates_slow(arr):
-    duplicates = []
-    for i in range(len(arr)):
-        for j in range(i+1, len(arr)):
-            if arr[i] == arr[j]:
-                duplicates.append(arr[i])
-    return duplicates
-
-# Good: O(n) - hash set
-def find_duplicates_fast(arr):
-    seen = set()
-    duplicates = []
-    for item in arr:
-        if item in seen:
-            duplicates.append(item)
-        else:
-            seen.add(item)
-    return duplicates
-```
-
-### Data Structure Selection
-
-**Choose Appropriate Data Structures:**
-- Use sets for membership testing
-- Use dictionaries for key-value lookups
-- Use lists for ordered, indexed access
-- Use deques for queue operations
-- Use heaps for priority queues
-
-### Loop Optimization
-
-**Minimize Loop Overhead:**
-- Cache loop bounds
-- Avoid function calls in loops
-- Use list comprehensions when appropriate
-- Minimize nested loops
-
-**Example:**
-```python
-# Bad: Function call in loop
-result = []
-for i in range(len(data)):
-    result.append(process(data[i]))
-
-# Good: List comprehension
-result = [process(item) for item in data]
-
-# Better: Generator for large datasets
-result = (process(item) for item in data)
-```
-
-### String Operations
-
-**Efficient String Handling:**
-- Use `join()` instead of concatenation
-- Use f-strings or `.format()` instead of `%`
-- Avoid repeated string operations
-- Use string builders for many concatenations
-
-**Example:**
-```python
-# Bad: O(n²) - creates new string each time
-result = ""
-for item in items:
-    result += item
-
-# Good: O(n) - efficient join
-result = "".join(items)
-```
-
-## Database Optimizations
-
-### Query Optimization
-
-**Efficient Queries:**
-- Use indexes on frequently queried columns
-- Select only needed columns (avoid SELECT *)
-- Use LIMIT for pagination
-- Avoid N+1 queries
-- Use JOINs instead of multiple queries
-- Use prepared statements
-
-**Example:**
-```python
-# Bad: N+1 queries
-users = User.objects.all()
-for user in users:
-    posts = Post.objects.filter(user=user)  # N queries
-
-# Good: Single query with JOIN
-users = User.objects.prefetch_related('posts').all()
-```
-
-### Indexing Strategies
-
-**Effective Indexing:**
-- Index foreign keys
-- Index columns used in WHERE clauses
-- Index columns used in JOINs
-- Use composite indexes for multi-column queries
-- Monitor index usage and remove unused indexes
-
-### Connection Pooling
-
-**Manage Database Connections:**
-- Use connection pools
-- Reuse connections
-- Set appropriate pool sizes
-- Monitor connection usage
-
-## Caching Strategies
-
-### Cache-Aside Pattern
-
-**Application-Managed Cache:**
-1. Check cache for data
-2. If miss, query database
-3. Store result in cache
-4. Return data
-
-**Example:**
-```python
-def get_user(user_id):
-    # Check cache
-    user = cache.get(f"user:{user_id}")
-    if user:
-        return user
-    
-    # Query database
-    user = db.query(User).filter(id=user_id).first()
-    
-    # Store in cache
-    cache.set(f"user:{user_id}", user, ttl=3600)
-    return user
-```
-
-### Write-Through Cache
-
-**Synchronous Write:**
-- Write to cache and database simultaneously
-- Ensures consistency
-- Higher write latency
-
-### Write-Back Cache
-
-**Asynchronous Write:**
-- Write to cache immediately
-- Write to database asynchronously
-- Lower write latency
-- Risk of data loss
-
-### Cache Invalidation
-
-**Strategies:**
-- Time-based expiration (TTL)
-- Event-based invalidation
-- Version-based invalidation
-- Manual invalidation
-
-## Memory Optimization
-
-### Object Pooling
-
-**Reuse Objects:**
-- Reduce garbage collection pressure
-- Lower memory allocation overhead
-- Useful for frequently created objects
-
-### Lazy Loading
-
-**Load on Demand:**
-- Defer object creation until needed
-- Reduce initial memory footprint
-- Improve startup time
-
-**Example:**
-```python
-class LazyLoader:
-    def __init__(self, loader_func):
-        self._loader = loader_func
-        self._data = None
-    
-    @property
-    def data(self):
-        if self._data is None:
-            self._data = self._loader()
-        return self._data
-```
-
-### Memory Profiling
-
-**Identify Memory Issues:**
-- Use memory profilers
-- Monitor memory usage
-- Identify memory leaks
-- Track object lifetimes
-
-## I/O Optimizations
-
-### Asynchronous I/O
-
-**Non-Blocking Operations:**
-- Use async/await for I/O operations
-- Process multiple requests concurrently
-- Improve throughput
-- Reduce resource consumption
-
-**Example:**
-```python
-# Bad: Synchronous I/O
-def fetch_data(urls):
-    results = []
-    for url in urls:
-        response = requests.get(url)  # Blocks
-        results.append(response.json())
-    return results
-
-# Good: Asynchronous I/O
-async def fetch_data(urls):
-    tasks = [fetch_url(url) for url in urls]
-    results = await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
-    return results
-```
-
-### Batch Processing
-
-**Group Operations:**
-- Batch database writes
-- Batch API calls
-- Reduce network overhead
-- Improve throughput
-
-### Compression
-
-**Reduce Data Size:**
-- Compress responses (gzip, brotli)
-- Compress database storage
-- Reduce network transfer time
-- Trade CPU for bandwidth
-
-## Concurrency Patterns
-
-### Thread Pool
-
-**Manage Threads:**
-- Reuse threads
-- Limit thread count
-- Queue tasks
-- Handle thread lifecycle
-
-### Process Pool
-
-**Parallel Processing:**
-- Use multiple processes
-- Bypass GIL (Python)
-- True parallelism
-- Higher memory overhead
-
-### Async/Await
-
-**Concurrent Execution:**
-- Single-threaded concurrency
-- Event loop based
-- Efficient for I/O-bound tasks
-- Lower overhead than threads
-
-## Monitoring and Profiling
-
-### Performance Metrics
-
-**Key Metrics:**
-- Response time (p50, p95, p99)
-- Throughput (requests/second)
-- Error rate
-- Resource utilization (CPU, memory, I/O)
-
-### Profiling Tools
-
-**Common Tools:**
-- cProfile (Python)
-- JProfiler (Java)
-- Chrome DevTools (JavaScript)
-- Application Performance Monitoring (APM) tools
-
-### Benchmarking
-
-**Measure Performance:**
-- Establish baseline
-- Compare before/after
-- Use realistic test data
-- Run multiple iterations
-- Account for variance
-
-## Best Practices
-
-1. **Measure First**: Profile before optimizing
-2. **Optimize Hot Paths**: Focus on frequently executed code
-3. **Avoid Premature Optimization**: Optimize when needed
-4. **Test Performance**: Include performance tests
-5. **Monitor Production**: Track performance metrics
-6. **Document Tradeoffs**: Record optimization decisions
-
-## References
-
-- [High Performance Browser Networking](https://hpbn.co/)
-- [System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer)
-- [Performance Best Practices](https://web.dev/performance/)
-
+# Performance Optimization Patterns
+
+## Overview
+
+Performance optimization is the process of improving system performance by reducing resource consumption, improving response times, and increasing throughput. This guide covers common optimization patterns and techniques.
+
+## Code-Level Optimizations
+
+### Algorithm Optimization
+
+**Choose the Right Algorithm:**
+- Use O(n log n) sorting instead of O(n²)
+- Prefer hash maps (O(1)) over linear search (O(n))
+- Use binary search (O(log n)) for sorted arrays
+- Consider space-time tradeoffs
+
+**Example:**
+```python
+# Bad: O(n²) - nested loops
+def find_duplicates_slow(arr):
+    duplicates = []
+    for i in range(len(arr)):
+        for j in range(i+1, len(arr)):
+            if arr[i] == arr[j]:
+                duplicates.append(arr[i])
+    return duplicates
+
+# Good: O(n) - hash set
+def find_duplicates_fast(arr):
+    seen = set()
+    duplicates = []
+    for item in arr:
+        if item in seen:
+            duplicates.append(item)
+        else:
+            seen.add(item)
+    return duplicates
+```
+
+### Data Structure Selection
+
+**Choose Appropriate Data Structures:**
+- Use sets for membership testing
+- Use dictionaries for key-value lookups
+- Use lists for ordered, indexed access
+- Use deques for queue operations
+- Use heaps for priority queues
+
+### Loop Optimization
+
+**Minimize Loop Overhead:**
+- Cache loop bounds
+- Avoid function calls in loops
+- Use list comprehensions when appropriate
+- Minimize nested loops
+
+**Example:**
+```python
+# Bad: Function call in loop
+result = []
+for i in range(len(data)):
+    result.append(process(data[i]))
+
+# Good: List comprehension
+result = [process(item) for item in data]
+
+# Better: Generator for large datasets
+result = (process(item) for item in data)
+```
+
+### String Operations
+
+**Efficient String Handling:**
+- Use `join()` instead of concatenation
+- Use f-strings or `.format()` instead of `%`
+- Avoid repeated string operations
+- Use string builders for many concatenations
+
+**Example:**
+```python
+# Bad: O(n²) - creates new string each time
+result = ""
+for item in items:
+    result += item
+
+# Good: O(n) - efficient join
+result = "".join(items)
+```
+
+## Database Optimizations
+
+### Query Optimization
+
+**Efficient Queries:**
+- Use indexes on frequently queried columns
+- Select only needed columns (avoid SELECT *)
+- Use LIMIT for pagination
+- Avoid N+1 queries
+- Use JOINs instead of multiple queries
+- Use prepared statements
+
+**Example:**
+```python
+# Bad: N+1 queries
+users = User.objects.all()
+for user in users:
+    posts = Post.objects.filter(user=user)  # N queries
+
+# Good: Single query with JOIN
+users = User.objects.prefetch_related('posts').all()
+```
+
+### Indexing Strategies
+
+**Effective Indexing:**
+- Index foreign keys
+- Index columns used in WHERE clauses
+- Index columns used in JOINs
+- Use composite indexes for multi-column queries
+- Monitor index usage and remove unused indexes
+
+### Connection Pooling
+
+**Manage Database Connections:**
+- Use connection pools
+- Reuse connections
+- Set appropriate pool sizes
+- Monitor connection usage
+
+## Caching Strategies
+
+### Cache-Aside Pattern
+
+**Application-Managed Cache:**
+1. Check cache for data
+2. If miss, query database
+3. Store result in cache
+4. Return data
+
+**Example:**
+```python
+def get_user(user_id):
+    # Check cache
+    user = cache.get(f"user:{user_id}")
+    if user:
+        return user
+    
+    # Query database
+    user = db.query(User).filter(id=user_id).first()
+    
+    # Store in cache
+    cache.set(f"user:{user_id}", user, ttl=3600)
+    return user
+```
+
+### Write-Through Cache
+
+**Synchronous Write:**
+- Write to cache and database simultaneously
+- Ensures consistency
+- Higher write latency
+
+### Write-Back Cache
+
+**Asynchronous Write:**
+- Write to cache immediately
+- Write to database asynchronously
+- Lower write latency
+- Risk of data loss
+
+### Cache Invalidation
+
+**Strategies:**
+- Time-based expiration (TTL)
+- Event-based invalidation
+- Version-based invalidation
+- Manual invalidation
+
+## Memory Optimization
+
+### Object Pooling
+
+**Reuse Objects:**
+- Reduce garbage collection pressure
+- Lower memory allocation overhead
+- Useful for frequently created objects
+
+### Lazy Loading
+
+**Load on Demand:**
+- Defer object creation until needed
+- Reduce initial memory footprint
+- Improve startup time
+
+**Example:**
+```python
+class LazyLoader:
+    def __init__(self, loader_func):
+        self._loader = loader_func
+        self._data = None
+    
+    @property
+    def data(self):
+        if self._data is None:
+            self._data = self._loader()
+        return self._data
+```
+
+### Memory Profiling
+
+**Identify Memory Issues:**
+- Use memory profilers
+- Monitor memory usage
+- Identify memory leaks
+- Track object lifetimes
+
+## I/O Optimizations
+
+### Asynchronous I/O
+
+**Non-Blocking Operations:**
+- Use async/await for I/O operations
+- Process multiple requests concurrently
+- Improve throughput
+- Reduce resource consumption
+
+**Example:**
+```python
+# Bad: Synchronous I/O
+def fetch_data(urls):
+    results = []
+    for url in urls:
+        response = requests.get(url)  # Blocks
+        results.append(response.json())
+    return results
+
+# Good: Asynchronous I/O
+async def fetch_data(urls):
+    tasks = [fetch_url(url) for url in urls]
+    results = await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
+    return results
+```
+
+### Batch Processing
+
+**Group Operations:**
+- Batch database writes
+- Batch API calls
+- Reduce network overhead
+- Improve throughput
+
+### Compression
+
+**Reduce Data Size:**
+- Compress responses (gzip, brotli)
+- Compress database storage
+- Reduce network transfer time
+- Trade CPU for bandwidth
+
+## Concurrency Patterns
+
+### Thread Pool
+
+**Manage Threads:**
+- Reuse threads
+- Limit thread count
+- Queue tasks
+- Handle thread lifecycle
+
+### Process Pool
+
+**Parallel Processing:**
+- Use multiple processes
+- Bypass GIL (Python)
+- True parallelism
+- Higher memory overhead
+
+### Async/Await
+
+**Concurrent Execution:**
+- Single-threaded concurrency
+- Event loop based
+- Efficient for I/O-bound tasks
+- Lower overhead than threads
+
+## Monitoring and Profiling
+
+### Performance Metrics
+
+**Key Metrics:**
+- Response time (p50, p95, p99)
+- Throughput (requests/second)
+- Error rate
+- Resource utilization (CPU, memory, I/O)
+
+### Profiling Tools
+
+**Common Tools:**
+- cProfile (Python)
+- JProfiler (Java)
+- Chrome DevTools (JavaScript)
+- Application Performance Monitoring (APM) tools
+
+### Benchmarking
+
+**Measure Performance:**
+- Establish baseline
+- Compare before/after
+- Use realistic test data
+- Run multiple iterations
+- Account for variance
+
+## Best Practices
+
+1. **Measure First**: Profile before optimizing
+2. **Optimize Hot Paths**: Focus on frequently executed code
+3. **Avoid Premature Optimization**: Optimize when needed
+4. **Test Performance**: Include performance tests
+5. **Monitor Production**: Track performance metrics
+6. **Document Tradeoffs**: Record optimization decisions
+
+## References
+
+- [High Performance Browser Networking](https://hpbn.co/)
+- [System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer)
+- [Performance Best Practices](https://web.dev/performance/)
+