snappy 3.2__cp313-cp313-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl

snappy/ptolemy/solutionsToPrimeIdealGroebnerBasis.py

@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+from .polynomial import Polynomial
+from .fieldExtensions import my_rnfequation
+from ..pari import pari
+
+# The methods in this file can be used to find solutions as roots in a
+# fixed polynomial from a Groebner basis.
+#
+# More precisely, the input is a list of polynomials (of type
+# snappy.ptolemy.Polynomial) of a redued Groebner basis (lexicographic term
+# order) of a zero-dimensional  prime ideal.
+#
+# The output is a dictionary
+#           variable_name -> pari_object
+# where pari_object is something like 4/5 (if solutions are in Q) or
+# Mod(x, x^2+1) (if solutions are in a number field).
+
+# We assume that x occurs in no polynomial.
+
+# This is broken down in three steps.
+
+# Step 1: Split into extensions and assignments
+#    extensions, assignments = extensions_and_assignments(polys)
+
+# Split the list of polynomials into two lists, the first list
+# contains triples (poly, var, degree) forming a tower of
+# field extensions and the second group is a dictionary assigning
+# all remaining variables polynomials in the variables in the tower.
+
+# Example:
+# 1. a - t^3 + 1
+# 2. s^2 + t
+# 3. t^4 + 1
+# 4. b - 2
+#
+# 3. is the only univariate and non-linear polynomial, it will be
+# the first polynomial in extensions
+# 2. is a polynomial that contains only one other variable besides t,
+# so it will be the next polynomial in extensions
+#
+# So extensions will be [(t^4, t, 4), (s^2, s, 2)].
+#
+# All remaining variables can be expressed in the field resulting from
+# these two extensions, so polynomial 1. and 4. become assignments.
+#
+# So assignments will be { 'a': t^3 - 1, 'b': 2}.
+#
+# extensions will be empty if the solutions are in Q.
+
+# Step 2: Process the extensions
+#    number_field, ext_assignments = process_extensions_to_pari(extensions)
+#
+# number_field will be a polynomial in x such that each solution
+# to the zero-dimensional ideal can be written as polynomial in a root
+# of number_field
+#
+# ext_assignments assigns polynomials in x to the variables
+
+# Step 3: Subsituiting
+#    assignments = update_assignments_and_merge(assignments, ext_assignments)
+
+# The other variables are given as polynomials in the variables from
+# the field extension tower, do the substituition to convert them
+# into polynomials in x
+
+
+def _only_var_left_in_poly(poly, extension_vars):
+    '''
+    Checks whether that there is only one other variable besides
+    the variables in extension_vars.
+    In other words, if the variables in extension_vars are bound,
+    checks that the polynomial has only one free variable and returns
+    its name.
+    '''
+
+    vars_left = set(poly.variables()) - set(extension_vars)
+    no_vars_left = len(vars_left)
+    assert no_vars_left > 0
+    if no_vars_left > 1:
+        return None
+    return list(vars_left)[0]
+
+
+def _next_var_and_poly(polys, extension_vars):
+    '''
+    Applies _only_var_left_in_poly to find a polynomial that has
+    one free variable and returns pair (variable, polynomial).
+    '''
+
+    for poly in polys:
+        var = _only_var_left_in_poly(poly, extension_vars)
+        if var:
+            return (poly, var)
+
+    raise Exception("Could not find polynomial becoming univariate after "
+                    "substituition, the Groebner basis you are tryin to "
+                    "solve is probably not in lexicographic order or of a "
+                    "0-dimensional ideal!")
+
+
+def _remove(l, element):
+    '''
+    Returns a copy of list without element.
+    '''
+    return [x for x in l if x is not element]
+
+
+def extensions_and_assignments(polys):
+    '''
+    Splits into extensions and assignments s in example given above
+    in _exact_solutions.
+    '''
+    extensions = []  # extension polynomials
+    extension_vars = []
+    assignments = {}  # pure assignments
+
+    # Iterate while polys left
+    while polys:
+
+        # extension_vars are already pushed onto the tower of field
+        # extensions and so are bound, find the next polynomial with
+        # exactly one free variable. Remove it from the list that needs
+        # processing.
+
+        poly, var = _next_var_and_poly(polys, extension_vars)
+        polys = _remove(polys, poly)
+
+        degree = poly.degree(var)
+
+        # If the polynomial is linear, then we do not need a field extension
+        if degree == 1:
+            # The polynomial is of the form a - t^3 + s where a is free,
+            # so the assignment would be a -> t^3 - s.
+            # Because we have a reduced Groebner basis, the polynomial is monic
+            # So we can just take the following difference:
+
+            value = Polynomial.from_variable_name(var) - poly
+            assert var not in value.variables()
+            assert var not in assignments
+            assignments[var] = value
+
+        else:
+            # We have a field extension, add it to the list
+            extensions.append((poly, var, degree))
+            extension_vars.append(var)
+
+    return extensions, assignments
+
+
+def update_assignments_and_merge(assignments, d):
+
+    variables = sorted(set(
+            sum([poly.variables() for poly in assignments.values()], [])))
+
+    monomial_to_value = {(): pari(1)}
+
+    for var in variables:
+        max_degree = max([poly.degree(var) for poly in assignments.values()])
+
+        old_keys = list(monomial_to_value)
+
+        v = d[var]
+        power_of_v = pari(1)
+
+        for degree in range(1, max_degree + 1):
+            power_of_v = power_of_v * v
+
+            for old_key in old_keys:
+                old_value = monomial_to_value[old_key]
+                new_key = old_key + ((var, degree),)
+                new_value = old_value * power_of_v
+                monomial_to_value[new_key] = new_value
+
+    def eval_monomial(monomial):
+        return (
+            pari(monomial.get_coefficient()) *
+            monomial_to_value[monomial.get_vars()])
+
+    def substitute(poly):
+        return sum(
+            [eval_monomial(m) for m in poly.get_monomials()],
+            pari(0))
+
+    new_assignments = {key: substitute(poly)
+                            for key, poly in assignments.items()}
+
+    # Merge all the assignments of variables
+    new_assignments.update(d)
+    new_assignments['1'] = pari(1)
+
+    return new_assignments
+
+
+def _process_extensions(extensions):
+    '''
+    Given a tower of field extensions, find the number field defining
+    polynomial and write all variables in terms of the root in that
+    polynomial.
+    '''
+
+    # Bail if no extensions
+    if not extensions:
+        return None, {}
+
+    # The first extension is over Q and special
+    poly, var, degree = extensions[0]
+
+    # Just rename the variable of the polynomial by x
+    ext_assignments = { var: Polynomial.from_variable_name('x') }
+    number_field = poly.substitute(ext_assignments)
+
+    # Process the other extensions
+    # number_field is the polynomial in x defining the number field
+    # obtained so far in the tower
+    for extension in extensions[1:]:
+
+        # Get next extension
+        poly, var, degree = extension
+
+        # Replace all variables previously occurring in the tower
+        # by polynomials in x
+        poly = poly.substitute(ext_assignments)
+
+        # Use rnfequation
+        number_field, old_x_in_new_x, k = (
+            my_rnfequation(number_field, poly))
+
+        # The new number field is again in x but the assignments
+        # are assigning polynomials in the old x.
+        # Need to update.
+        ext_assignments = {
+            key: poly.substitute({'x' : old_x_in_new_x})
+             for key, poly in ext_assignments.items()}
+
+        # And compute what the root of the last polynomial was
+        # to assign it.
+        ext_assignments[var] = (
+              Polynomial.from_variable_name('x')
+            - Polynomial.constant_polynomial(k) * old_x_in_new_x)
+
+    return number_field, ext_assignments
+
+
+def _number_field_and_ext_assignment_to_pari(number_field, ext_assignment):
+    # Convert the number_field into a pari polynomial, or None if over Q
+    if number_field:
+        pari_number_field = pari(number_field)
+    else:
+        pari_number_field = None
+
+    # Convert the assignments to variables involved in the field extension
+    # tower into pari Mod objects
+    def item_to_pari(item):
+        key, value = item
+        if pari_number_field:
+            return key, pari(value).Mod(pari_number_field)
+        else:
+            return key, pari(value)
+
+    pari_ext_assignment = dict([ item_to_pari(item)
+                            for item in ext_assignment.items()])
+
+    return pari_number_field, pari_ext_assignment
+
+
+def process_extensions_to_pari(extensions):
+    '''
+    Similar to _process_extensions but returns pari objects.
+    '''
+
+    number_field, ext_assignments = _process_extensions(extensions)
+
+    # Convert the number_field into a pari polynomial, or None if over Q
+    # Similarly, convert the assignments to variables involved in the
+    # field extension tower into pari Mod object
+
+    return _number_field_and_ext_assignment_to_pari(
+            number_field, ext_assignments)