snappy 3.2__cp313-cp313-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl
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- snappy/verify/volume.py +128 -0
- snappy/version.py +2 -0
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- snappy-3.2.dist-info/WHEEL +5 -0
- snappy-3.2.dist-info/entry_points.txt +2 -0
- snappy-3.2.dist-info/top_level.txt +28 -0
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<span id="ptolemy-example-smart-lists"></span><h2>The Ptolemy list type<a class="headerlink" href="#the-ptolemy-list-type" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
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<p>Recall that <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ptolemy_variety</span></code> with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">obstruction_class='all'</span></code> returns a list of varieties, one for each obstruction class:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">M</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"m003"</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">obstruction_class</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'all'</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="go">[Ptolemy Variety for m003, N = 2, obstruction_class = 0</span>
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<span class="go"> c_0011_0 * c_0101_0 + c_0011_0^2 - c_0101_0^2</span>
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<span class="go"> c_0011_0 * c_0101_0 + c_0011_0^2 - c_0101_0^2</span>
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<span class="go"> - 1 + c_0011_0,</span>
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<span class="go"> Ptolemy Variety for m003, N = 2, obstruction_class = 1</span>
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<span class="go"> - c_0011_0 * c_0101_0 - c_0011_0^2 - c_0101_0^2</span>
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<span class="go"> - c_0011_0 * c_0101_0 - c_0011_0^2 - c_0101_0^2</span>
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<span class="go"> - 1 + c_0011_0]</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>Also recall that <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">retrieve_solutions</span></code> was a method of a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PtolemyVariety</span></code>. Assume we want to call <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">retrieve_solutions</span></code> for each Ptolemy variety. As in the previous example, we could write a loop such as:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">retrieve_solutions</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">verbose</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">p</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'all'</span><span class="p">)]</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>The ptolemy module allows to do this in a much shorter way:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'all'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">retrieve_solutions</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">verbose</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="go">[[PtolemyCoordinates(</span>
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<span class="go"> {'c_0011_0': 1,</span>
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<span class="go"> 'c_0011_1': -1,</span>
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<span class="go"> 'c_0101_0': Mod(x, x^2 - x - 1),</span>
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<span class="go"> ...,</span>
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<span class="go"> 's_3_1': 1},</span>
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<span class="go"> is_numerical = False, ...)],</span>
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<span class="go"> [PtolemyCoordinates(</span>
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<span class="go"> {'c_0011_0': 1,</span>
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<span class="go"> 'c_0011_1': -1,</span>
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<span class="go"> 'c_0101_0': Mod(x, x^2 + x + 1),</span>
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<span class="go"> ...,</span>
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<span class="go"> 's_3_1': 1},</span>
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<span class="go"> is_numerical = False, ...)]]</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>This behavior is specific to the ptolemy module. It works with many methods of the ptolemy module that
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can potentially return more than one object. These methods return a special kind of list (usually
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<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MethodMappingList</span></code>, a subclass of python <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list</span></code>) that tries to call the method of the given name (here <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">retrieve_solutions</span></code>) with
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the given arguments (here <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">verbose=False</span></code>) on each element in the list (here the two Ptolemy varieties).</p>
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<p>Since <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">retrieve_solutions</span></code> itself actually returns a list, the result is a list of lists of solutions which are of type <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PtolemyCoordinates</span></code>. The first level groups the solutions by obstruction class. The inner lists contain the different (non-Galois conjugate) solutions for each obstruction class (here, for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">m003</span></code>, each inner lists contains only one element).</p>
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</section>
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<section id="using-the-ptolemy-list-type-recursively">
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<h2>Using the Ptolemy list type recursively<a class="headerlink" href="#using-the-ptolemy-list-type-recursively" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
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<p>The list type described in the previous example works recursively. Recall that an algebraic solution to a Ptolemy variety (of type <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PtolemyCoordinates</span></code>) has a method <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">volume_numerical</span></code> that returns a list of volumes:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">M</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"m003"</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">sol</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">retrieve_solutions</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">verbose</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">sol</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">volume_numerical</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<span class="go">[0.E-19, 1.88267370443418 E-14]</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>We can chain these commands together to retrieve the volumes of all boundary-unipotent PSL(2, <strong>C</strong>) (that are <a class="reference internal" href="ptolemy_prelim.html#ptolemy-generically-decorated"><span class="std std-ref">generically decorated</span></a> with respect to the triangulation) in just one line:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"m003"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'all'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">retrieve_solutions</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">verbose</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">volume_numerical</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<span class="go">[[[0.E-19, 1.88267370443418 E-14]], [[2.02988321281931, -2.02988321281931]]]</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>Note that the volumes of the representations are in a list of lists of lists. At the first level the volumes are grouped by obstruction class, then by Galois conjugacy.</p>
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<p><strong>Remark:</strong> There might be an extra level for witness points.</p>
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<p><strong>Remark:</strong> Unfortunately, this is not compatible with tab-autocompletion, see <a class="reference internal" href="#ptolemy-example-missing-auto-completion"><span class="std std-ref">later</span></a>.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="a-comparison-of-m003-and-m004">
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<h2>A comparison of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">m003</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">m004</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#a-comparison-of-m003-and-m004" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
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<p>We can now compare the set of volumes of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">m003</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">m004</span></code>:</p>
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<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"m003"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'all'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">retrieve_solutions</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">verbose</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">volume_numerical</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<span class="go">[[[0.E-19, 1.88267370443418 E-14]], [[2.02988321281931, -2.02988321281931]]]</span>
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<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"m004"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'all'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">retrieve_solutions</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">verbose</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">volume_numerical</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<span class="go">[[], [[-2.02988321281931, 2.02988321281931]]]</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>We see that the two manifolds are distinguished by their volumes of boundary-unipotent representations: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">m004</span></code> has no representation with trivial volume (this is not a proof as in theory, there could be such a representation which is not <a class="reference internal" href="ptolemy_prelim.html#ptolemy-generically-decorated"><span class="std std-ref">generically decorated</span></a> with respect to the given triangulation) and no representation that can be lifted to a boundary-unipotent SL(2, <strong>C</strong>)-representation.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="a-non-hyperbolic-example">
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<h2>A non-hyperbolic example<a class="headerlink" href="#a-non-hyperbolic-example" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
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|
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<p>We can also compute the volumes for a manifold that might be non-hyperbolic, here the complement of the 5<sub>1</sub> knot:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"5_1"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'all'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">retrieve_solutions</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">verbose</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">volume_numerical</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<span class="go">[[], [[1.52310839130992 E-14, 0.E-37]]]</span>
|
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+
</pre></div>
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+
</div>
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+
<p>Note that one of the Ptolemy varieties is non-empty which proves that all edges of the triangulation are essential. We also see that all volumes are 0 and thus smaller than the volume 2.029883… of the figure-eight knot complement that is proven to be the smallest volume of any orientable cusped manifold. Thus, it follows from Theorem 1.3 and Remark 1.4 of <a class="reference internal" href="ptolemy_prelim.html#ggz2014" id="id1"><span>[GGZ2014]</span></a> that 5<sub>1</sub> is not hyperbolic.</p>
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<p><strong>Remark:</strong> The ptolemy module does not (yet) support interval arithmetics, otherwise, this would be a proof that 5<sub>1</sub> is not hyperbolic.</p>
|
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</section>
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<section id="flattening-nested-structures">
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<h2>Flattening nested structures<a class="headerlink" href="#flattening-nested-structures" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
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<p>If we want to loose some of the grouping, we can call <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">flatten</span></code> on the results. Here the grouping by obstruction class is lost:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"m003"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'all'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">retrieve_solutions</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">verbose</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">volume_numerical</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">flatten</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<span class="go">[[0.E-19, 1.88267370443418 E-14], [2.02988321281931, -2.02988321281931]]</span>
|
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|
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</pre></div>
|
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+
</div>
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201
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+
<p>And now, the grouping by Galois conjugacy is lost as well, resulting in a flat list:</p>
|
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+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"m003"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'all'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">retrieve_solutions</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">verbose</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">volume_numerical</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">flatten</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
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|
+
<span class="go">[0.E-19, 1.88267370443418 E-14, 2.02988321281931, -2.02988321281931]</span>
|
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+
</pre></div>
|
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205
|
+
</div>
|
|
206
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+
<p>So the result is just a flat list.</p>
|
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207
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+
<p><strong>Remark:</strong> We cannot <cite>overflatten</cite>. If we give an even larger argument to flatten, the result will just stay a flat list.</p>
|
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|
+
</section>
|
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209
|
+
<section id="lack-of-tab-autocompletion-for-nested-structures">
|
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+
<span id="ptolemy-example-missing-auto-completion"></span><h2>Lack of tab-autocompletion for nested structures<a class="headerlink" href="#lack-of-tab-autocompletion-for-nested-structures" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
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+
<p>Unfortunately, the autocompletion does not list all the desired results when we have a nested structure. For example:</p>
|
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|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">sols</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"m003"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'all'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">retrieve_solutions</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">verbose</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
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|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">sols</span><span class="o">.</span>
|
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214
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
215
|
+
</div>
|
|
216
|
+
<p>When we now hit the tab key:</p>
|
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217
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">sols</span><span class="o">.</span>
|
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218
|
+
<span class="go">sols.append sols.extend sols.index sols.pop sols.reverse</span>
|
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219
|
+
<span class="go">sols.count sols.flatten sols.insert sols.remove sols.sort</span>
|
|
220
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
221
|
+
</div>
|
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222
|
+
<p>… we only get <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list</span></code> methods, but not the desired <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">volume_numerical</span></code>. One way to discover the available methods is to pick a leaf of the nested structure and hit the tab key:</p>
|
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+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">sol</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">sols</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">flatten</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
|
224
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">sol</span><span class="o">.</span>
|
|
225
|
+
<span class="go">sol.N sol.keys</span>
|
|
226
|
+
<span class="go">sol.check_against_manifold sol.long_edge</span>
|
|
227
|
+
<span class="go">...</span>
|
|
228
|
+
<span class="go">sol.itervalues sol.volume_numerical</span>
|
|
229
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
230
|
+
</div>
|
|
231
|
+
<p>The overview diagram might also be helpful.</p>
|
|
232
|
+
</section>
|
|
233
|
+
<section id="converting-exact-solutions-into-numerical-solutions">
|
|
234
|
+
<h2>Converting exact solutions into numerical solutions<a class="headerlink" href="#converting-exact-solutions-into-numerical-solutions" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
|
|
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+
<p>We can turn exact solutions into numerical solutions by calling <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">numerical</span></code>:</p>
|
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+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">sol</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"m003"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">retrieve_solutions</span><span class="p">()[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
|
237
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">sol</span>
|
|
238
|
+
<span class="go">PtolemyCoordinates(</span>
|
|
239
|
+
<span class="go"> {'c_0011_0': 1,</span>
|
|
240
|
+
<span class="go"> 'c_0011_1': -1,</span>
|
|
241
|
+
<span class="go"> 'c_0101_0': Mod(x, x^2 + x + 1),</span>
|
|
242
|
+
<span class="go"> ...</span>
|
|
243
|
+
<span class="go"> 's_3_1': 1},</span>
|
|
244
|
+
<span class="go"> is_numerical = False, ...)</span>
|
|
245
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">sol</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">numerical</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
246
|
+
<span class="go">[PtolemyCoordinates(</span>
|
|
247
|
+
<span class="go"> {'c_0011_0': 1,</span>
|
|
248
|
+
<span class="go"> 'c_0011_1': -1,</span>
|
|
249
|
+
<span class="go"> 'c_0101_0': -0.500000000000000 - 0.866025403784439*I,</span>
|
|
250
|
+
<span class="go"> ...,</span>
|
|
251
|
+
<span class="go"> 's_3_1': 1},</span>
|
|
252
|
+
<span class="go"> is_numerical = True, ...),</span>
|
|
253
|
+
<span class="go"> PtolemyCoordinates(</span>
|
|
254
|
+
<span class="go"> {'c_0011_0': 1,</span>
|
|
255
|
+
<span class="go"> 'c_0011_1': -1,</span>
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256
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<span class="go"> 'c_0101_0': -0.500000000000000 + 0.866025403784439*I,</span>
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257
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<span class="go"> ...,</span>
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258
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<span class="go"> 's_3_1': 1},</span>
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<span class="go"> is_numerical = True, ...)]</span>
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+
</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>Note that the one exact (algebraic) solution turns into a list of numerical solutions which are Galois conjugates.</p>
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<p><strong>Remark:</strong> This uses the current pari precision. See the <a class="reference internal" href="ptolemy_examples1.html#ptolemy-example-increase-precision"><span class="std std-ref">above example</span></a>, in particular, the comment about interval arithmetics.</p>
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<p><strong>Remark:</strong> Calling <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">numerical()</span></code> on a numerical solution does nothing.</p>
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<p><strong>Remark:</strong> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CrossRatios</span></code> also support <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">numerical</span></code>.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="working-with-exact-vs-numerical-solutions">
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<span id="ptolemy-example-numerical-matrix"></span><h2>Working with exact vs numerical solutions<a class="headerlink" href="#working-with-exact-vs-numerical-solutions" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
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<p>Most methods such as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">evaluate_word</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cross_ratios</span></code> work just the same way on an exact solution:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">exact_sol</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"m004"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">retrieve_solutions</span><span class="p">()[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">exact_sol</span>
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<span class="go">PtolemyCoordinates(</span>
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+
<span class="go"> {'c_0011_0': 1,</span>
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274
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+
<span class="go"> 'c_0011_1': -1,</span>
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275
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+
<span class="go"> 'c_0101_0': 1,</span>
|
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276
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+
<span class="go"> 'c_0101_1': Mod(x, x^2 + x + 1),</span>
|
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277
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+
<span class="go"> ...,</span>
|
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278
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+
<span class="go"> 's_3_1': -1},</span>
|
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279
|
+
<span class="go"> is_numerical = False, ...)</span>
|
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280
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+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">exact_sol</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">evaluate_word</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'a'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
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281
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+
<span class="go">[[Mod(-2*x, x^2 + x + 1), Mod(-x - 1, x^2 + x + 1)],</span>
|
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282
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+
<span class="go"> [Mod(x, x^2 + x + 1), Mod(x + 1, x^2 + x + 1)]]</span>
|
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+
</pre></div>
|
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+
</div>
|
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285
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+
<p>… as they do on a numerical solution:</p>
|
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286
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+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">numerical_sol</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">sol</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">numerical</span><span class="p">()[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
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287
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">numerical_sol</span>
|
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288
|
+
<span class="go">PtolemyCoordinates(</span>
|
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289
|
+
<span class="go"> {'c_0011_0': 1,</span>
|
|
290
|
+
<span class="go"> 'c_0011_1': -1,</span>
|
|
291
|
+
<span class="go"> 'c_0101_0': 1,</span>
|
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292
|
+
<span class="go"> 'c_0101_1': -0.500000000000000 - 0.866025403784439*I,</span>
|
|
293
|
+
<span class="go"> ...,</span>
|
|
294
|
+
<span class="go"> 's_3_1': -1},</span>
|
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295
|
+
<span class="go"> is_numerical = False, ...)</span>
|
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296
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">numerical_sol</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">evaluate_word</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'a'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
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297
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+
<span class="go">[[1.00000000000000 + 1.73205080756888*I,</span>
|
|
298
|
+
<span class="go"> -0.500000000000000 + 0.866025403784439*I],</span>
|
|
299
|
+
<span class="go"> [-0.500000000000000 - 0.866025403784439*I,</span>
|
|
300
|
+
<span class="go"> 0.500000000000000 - 0.866025403784439*I]]</span>
|
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301
|
+
</pre></div>
|
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+
</div>
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303
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+
<p>Methods with postfix <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_numerical</span></code> are special: when applied to an exact solution, they implicitly convert it to a list
|
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|
+
of Galois conjugate numerical solutions first. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">volume_numerical</span></code> is an example (because volume is a transcendental function):</p>
|
|
305
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">exact_sol</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">volume_numerical</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
306
|
+
<span class="go">[-2.02988321281931, 2.02988321281931]</span>
|
|
307
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">numerical_sol</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">volume_numerical</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
308
|
+
<span class="go">-2.02988321281931</span>
|
|
309
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
310
|
+
</div>
|
|
311
|
+
</section>
|
|
312
|
+
<section id="computing-numerical-solutions-directly">
|
|
313
|
+
<span id="ptolemy-example-retrieve-numerical-solutions"></span><h2>Computing numerical solutions directly<a class="headerlink" href="#computing-numerical-solutions-directly" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
|
|
314
|
+
<p>We can also directly compute numerical solutions:</p>
|
|
315
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">M</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"m004"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
316
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">sols</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'all'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">retrieve_solutions</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">numerical</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
317
|
+
<span class="go">[[],</span>
|
|
318
|
+
<span class="go"> [[PtolemyCoordinates(</span>
|
|
319
|
+
<span class="go"> {'c_0011_0': 1.00000000000000 + 0.E-19*I,</span>
|
|
320
|
+
<span class="go"> 'c_0011_1': -1.00000000000000 + 0.E-19*I,</span>
|
|
321
|
+
<span class="go"> 'c_0101_0': 1.00000000000000 + 0.E-19*I,</span>
|
|
322
|
+
<span class="go"> 'c_0101_1': -0.500000000000000 - 0.866025403784439*I,</span>
|
|
323
|
+
<span class="go"> ...,</span>
|
|
324
|
+
<span class="go"> 's_3_1': -1},</span>
|
|
325
|
+
<span class="go"> is_numerical = True, ...),</span>
|
|
326
|
+
<span class="go"> PtolemyCoordinates(</span>
|
|
327
|
+
<span class="go"> {'c_0011_0': 1.00000000000000 + 0.E-19*I,</span>
|
|
328
|
+
<span class="go"> 'c_0011_1': -1.00000000000000 + 0.E-19*I,</span>
|
|
329
|
+
<span class="go"> 'c_0101_0': 1.00000000000000 + 0.E-19*I,</span>
|
|
330
|
+
<span class="go"> 'c_0101_1': -0.500000000000000 + 0.866025403784439*I,</span>
|
|
331
|
+
<span class="go"> ...,</span>
|
|
332
|
+
<span class="go"> 's_3_1': -1},</span>
|
|
333
|
+
<span class="go"> is_numerical = True, ...)]]]</span>
|
|
334
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
335
|
+
</div>
|
|
336
|
+
<p>The structure is as described earlier, a list of lists of lists: first solutions are grouped by obstruction class, then by Galois conjugacy.</p>
|
|
337
|
+
<p>The advantage over going through the exact solutions is that it might be much faster
|
|
338
|
+
(because it can avoid computing the number field from the lexicographic Groebner basis, see later). For example, many PSL(3, <strong>C</strong>) examples only work when using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">numerical</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">True</span></code>.</p>
|
|
339
|
+
</section>
|
|
340
|
+
<section id="computing-cross-ratios-from-ptolemy-coordinates">
|
|
341
|
+
<span id="ptolemy-example-cross-ratios"></span><h2>Computing cross ratios from Ptolemy coordinates<a class="headerlink" href="#computing-cross-ratios-from-ptolemy-coordinates" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
|
|
342
|
+
<p>Given exact or numerical solutions to the Ptolemy variety, we can also compute the cross ratios/shape parameters:</p>
|
|
343
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">sols</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"m004"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'all'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">retrieve_solutions</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">verbose</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
344
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">zs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">sols</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cross_ratios</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
345
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">zs</span>
|
|
346
|
+
<span class="go">[[],</span>
|
|
347
|
+
<span class="go"> [CrossRatios({'z_0000_0': Mod(x + 1, x^2 + x + 1),</span>
|
|
348
|
+
<span class="go"> 'z_0000_1': Mod(x + 1, x^2 + x + 1),</span>
|
|
349
|
+
<span class="go"> 'zp_0000_0': Mod(x + 1, x^2 + x + 1),</span>
|
|
350
|
+
<span class="go"> 'zp_0000_1': Mod(x + 1, x^2 + x + 1),</span>
|
|
351
|
+
<span class="go"> 'zpp_0000_0': Mod(x + 1, x^2 + x + 1),</span>
|
|
352
|
+
<span class="go"> 'zpp_0000_1': Mod(x + 1, x^2 + x + 1)},</span>
|
|
353
|
+
<span class="go"> is_numerical = False, ...)]]</span>
|
|
354
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
355
|
+
</div>
|
|
356
|
+
<p><strong>Remark</strong>: The shapes will be given as element in the Ptolemy field with defining polynomial being the second argument to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Mod(...,</span> <span class="pre">...)</span></code>, here, x<sup>2</sup>+x+1. The Ptolemy field is a (possibly trivial) extension of the shape field. For <em>N</em> =2, the Ptolemy field is the trace field <a class="reference internal" href="ptolemy_prelim.html#ggz2014" id="id2"><span>[GGZ2014]</span></a> and an iterated square extension of the shape field which is the invariant trace field for a cusped manifold.</p>
|
|
357
|
+
<p>And numerically, so that we can compare to SnapPy’s shapes:</p>
|
|
358
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">zs</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">numerical</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
359
|
+
<span class="go">[[],</span>
|
|
360
|
+
<span class="go"> [[CrossRatios(</span>
|
|
361
|
+
<span class="go"> {'z_0000_0': 0.500000000000000 - 0.866025403784439*I,</span>
|
|
362
|
+
<span class="go"> 'z_0000_1': 0.500000000000000 - 0.866025403784439*I,</span>
|
|
363
|
+
<span class="go"> 'zp_0000_0': 0.500000000000000 - 0.866025403784439*I,</span>
|
|
364
|
+
<span class="go"> 'zp_0000_1': 0.500000000000000 - 0.866025403784439*I,</span>
|
|
365
|
+
<span class="go"> 'zpp_0000_0': 0.500000000000000 - 0.866025403784439*I,</span>
|
|
366
|
+
<span class="go"> 'zpp_0000_1': 0.500000000000000 - 0.866025403784439*I},</span>
|
|
367
|
+
<span class="go"> is_numerical = True, ...),</span>
|
|
368
|
+
<span class="go"> CrossRatios(</span>
|
|
369
|
+
<span class="go"> {'z_0000_0': 0.500000000000000 + 0.866025403784439*I,</span>
|
|
370
|
+
<span class="go"> 'z_0000_1': 0.500000000000000 + 0.866025403784439*I,</span>
|
|
371
|
+
<span class="go"> 'zp_0000_0': 0.500000000000000 + 0.866025403784439*I,</span>
|
|
372
|
+
<span class="go"> 'zp_0000_1': 0.500000000000000 + 0.866025403784439*I,</span>
|
|
373
|
+
<span class="go"> 'zpp_0000_0': 0.500000000000000 + 0.866025403784439*I,</span>
|
|
374
|
+
<span class="go"> 'zpp_0000_1': 0.500000000000000 + 0.866025403784439*I},</span>
|
|
375
|
+
<span class="go"> is_numerical = True, ...)]]]</span>
|
|
376
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"m004"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tetrahedra_shapes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'rect'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
377
|
+
<span class="go">[0.5000000000 + 0.8660254038*I, 0.5000000000 + 0.8660254038*I]</span>
|
|
378
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
379
|
+
</div>
|
|
380
|
+
<p>The result is of type <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CrossRatios</span></code> and assigns z as well as z’=1/(1-z) and z’’=1-1/z a value.</p>
|
|
381
|
+
</section>
|
|
382
|
+
<section id="the-dimension-of-a-component">
|
|
383
|
+
<span id="ptolemy-non-zero-dim-comp"></span><h2>The dimension of a component<a class="headerlink" href="#the-dimension-of-a-component" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
|
|
384
|
+
<p>A Ptolemy variety might have positively dimensional components (note that this might or might not be a positively dimensional family of representations, see <a class="reference internal" href="ptolemy_prelim.html#ptolemy-generically-decorated"><span class="std std-ref">here</span></a>). For example, the Ptolemy variety for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">m371</span></code> and the trivial obstruction class has a 1-dimensional component. This is indicated by:</p>
|
|
385
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">retrieve_solutions</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
386
|
+
<span class="go">[NonZeroDimensionalComponent(dimension = 1)]</span>
|
|
387
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
388
|
+
</div>
|
|
389
|
+
<p>Or:</p>
|
|
390
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">M</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"m371"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
391
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">retrieve_solutions</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
392
|
+
<span class="go">[[ PtolemyCoordinates(</span>
|
|
393
|
+
<span class="go"> {'c_0011_0': 1,</span>
|
|
394
|
+
<span class="go"> 'c_0011_1': -1,</span>
|
|
395
|
+
<span class="go"> 'c_0011_2': -1,</span>
|
|
396
|
+
<span class="go"> 'c_0011_3': Mod(-x - 1, x^2 + x + 2),</span>
|
|
397
|
+
<span class="go"> ...,</span>
|
|
398
|
+
<span class="go"> 's_3_4': 1},</span>
|
|
399
|
+
<span class="go"> is_numerical = False, ...)</span>
|
|
400
|
+
<span class="go"> (witnesses for NonZeroDimensionalComponent(dimension = 1, free_variables = ['c_0110_2'])) ]]</span>
|
|
401
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
402
|
+
</div>
|
|
403
|
+
<p>The latter actually also provides a sample point (<a class="reference internal" href="ptolemy_examples3.html#ptolemy-example-find-witness"><span class="std std-ref">witness</span></a> which we will use <a class="reference internal" href="ptolemy_examples3.html#ptolemy-example-non-zero-dim-rep"><span class="std std-ref">later</span></a> to determine whether this corresponds to a 1-dimensional family of representations or not) on the 1-dimensional component. A <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NonZeroDimensionalComponent</span></code> as well as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PtolemyCoordinates</span></code> (that correspond to 0-dimensional components of the Ptolemy variety)) has a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dimension</span></code> attribute, so we can do:</p>
|
|
404
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">M</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"m371"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
405
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">sols</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'all'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">retrieve_solutions</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
|
406
|
+
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">sols</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dimension</span>
|
|
407
|
+
<span class="go">[[1], [], [0], []]</span>
|
|
408
|
+
</pre></div>
|
|
409
|
+
</div>
|
|
410
|
+
<p>This means that the Ptolemy variety for the trivial obstruction class has a 1-dimensional component and that the Ptolemy variety of one of the other obstruction classes a 0-dimensional component.</p>
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411
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+
<p>A <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NonZeroDimensionalComponent</span></code> is actually again a list whose elements will be witness points if witnesses have been computed for this Ptolemy variety.</p>
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412
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<p><strong>Warning:</strong> This implies that if we <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">flatten</span></code> too much, the reported dimension becomes 0 which is the dimension of the witness point instead of 1:</p>
|
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413
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">sols</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">flatten</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
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414
|
+
<span class="go">[1, 0]</span>
|
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415
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+
</pre></div>
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416
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+
</div>
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417
|
+
<p>Too much <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">flatten</span></code>:</p>
|
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418
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">sols</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">flatten</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
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419
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+
<span class="go">[0, 0]</span>
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420
|
+
</pre></div>
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421
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+
</div>
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422
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<p>The advantage is that we can still call methods such as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">volume_numerical</span></code> and actually see the volume of a witness point (it is known that the volume stays constant on a component of boundary-unipotent representations, so one witness point can tell us the volume of all representation in that component):</p>
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423
|
+
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">sols</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">volume_numerical</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<span class="go">[[[ [0.E-38, 0.E-38] (witnesses for NonZeroDimensionalComponent(dimension = 1, free_variables = ['c_0110_2'])) ]],</span>
|
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425
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+
<span class="go"> [],</span>
|
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426
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+
<span class="go"> [[4.75170196551790,</span>
|
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427
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+
<span class="go"> -4.75170196551790,</span>
|
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428
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+
<span class="go"> 4.75170196551790,</span>
|
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429
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+
<span class="go"> -4.75170196551790,</span>
|
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430
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+
<span class="go"> 1.17563301006556,</span>
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431
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+
<span class="go"> -1.17563301006556,</span>
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432
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<span class="go"> 1.17563301006556,</span>
|
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433
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+
<span class="go"> -1.17563301006556]],</span>
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434
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<span class="go"> []]</span>
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435
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</pre></div>
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436
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</div>
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</section>
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</div>
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</div>
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<footer><div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="Footer">
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