scipy 1.16.2__cp314-cp314t-win_arm64.whl

scipy/special/tests/test_orthogonal.py

@@ -0,0 +1,821 @@
+import pytest
+from pytest import raises as assert_raises
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy import array, sqrt
+from numpy.testing import (assert_array_almost_equal, assert_equal,
+                           assert_almost_equal, assert_allclose)
+
+from scipy import integrate
+import scipy.special as sc
+from scipy.special import gamma
+import scipy.special._orthogonal as orth
+
+
+class TestCheby:
+    def test_chebyc(self):
+        C0 = orth.chebyc(0)
+        C1 = orth.chebyc(1)
+        with np.errstate(all='ignore'):
+            C2 = orth.chebyc(2)
+            C3 = orth.chebyc(3)
+            C4 = orth.chebyc(4)
+            C5 = orth.chebyc(5)
+
+        assert_array_almost_equal(C0.c,[2],13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(C1.c,[1,0],13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(C2.c,[1,0,-2],13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(C3.c,[1,0,-3,0],13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(C4.c,[1,0,-4,0,2],13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(C5.c,[1,0,-5,0,5,0],13)
+
+    def test_chebys(self):
+        S0 = orth.chebys(0)
+        S1 = orth.chebys(1)
+        S2 = orth.chebys(2)
+        S3 = orth.chebys(3)
+        S4 = orth.chebys(4)
+        S5 = orth.chebys(5)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(S0.c,[1],13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(S1.c,[1,0],13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(S2.c,[1,0,-1],13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(S3.c,[1,0,-2,0],13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(S4.c,[1,0,-3,0,1],13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(S5.c,[1,0,-4,0,3,0],13)
+
+    def test_chebyt(self):
+        T0 = orth.chebyt(0)
+        T1 = orth.chebyt(1)
+        T2 = orth.chebyt(2)
+        T3 = orth.chebyt(3)
+        T4 = orth.chebyt(4)
+        T5 = orth.chebyt(5)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(T0.c,[1],13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(T1.c,[1,0],13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(T2.c,[2,0,-1],13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(T3.c,[4,0,-3,0],13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(T4.c,[8,0,-8,0,1],13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(T5.c,[16,0,-20,0,5,0],13)
+
+    def test_chebyu(self):
+        U0 = orth.chebyu(0)
+        U1 = orth.chebyu(1)
+        U2 = orth.chebyu(2)
+        U3 = orth.chebyu(3)
+        U4 = orth.chebyu(4)
+        U5 = orth.chebyu(5)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(U0.c,[1],13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(U1.c,[2,0],13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(U2.c,[4,0,-1],13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(U3.c,[8,0,-4,0],13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(U4.c,[16,0,-12,0,1],13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(U5.c,[32,0,-32,0,6,0],13)
+
+
+class TestGegenbauer:
+
+    def test_gegenbauer(self):
+        a = 5*np.random.random() - 0.5
+        if np.any(a == 0):
+            a = -0.2
+        Ca0 = orth.gegenbauer(0,a)
+        Ca1 = orth.gegenbauer(1,a)
+        Ca2 = orth.gegenbauer(2,a)
+        Ca3 = orth.gegenbauer(3,a)
+        Ca4 = orth.gegenbauer(4,a)
+        Ca5 = orth.gegenbauer(5,a)
+
+        assert_array_almost_equal(Ca0.c,array([1]),13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(Ca1.c,array([2*a,0]),13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(Ca2.c,array([2*a*(a+1),0,-a]),13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(Ca3.c,array([4*sc.poch(a,3),0,-6*a*(a+1),
+                                               0])/3.0,11)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(Ca4.c,array([4*sc.poch(a,4),0,-12*sc.poch(a,3),
+                                               0,3*a*(a+1)])/6.0,11)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(Ca5.c,array([4*sc.poch(a,5),0,-20*sc.poch(a,4),
+                                               0,15*sc.poch(a,3),0])/15.0,11)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('a', [0, 1])
+    def test_n_zero_gh8888(self, a):
+        # gh-8888 reported that gegenbauer(0, 0) returns NaN polynomial
+        Cn0 = orth.gegenbauer(0, a)
+        assert_equal(Cn0.c, np.asarray([1.]))
+
+    def test_valid_alpha(self):
+        # Check input validation of `alpha`
+        message = '`alpha` must be a finite number greater...'
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=message):
+            orth.gegenbauer(0, np.nan)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=message):
+            orth.gegenbauer(1, -0.5)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=message):
+            orth.gegenbauer(2, -np.inf)
+
+
+class TestHermite:
+    def test_hermite(self):
+        H0 = orth.hermite(0)
+        H1 = orth.hermite(1)
+        H2 = orth.hermite(2)
+        H3 = orth.hermite(3)
+        H4 = orth.hermite(4)
+        H5 = orth.hermite(5)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(H0.c,[1],13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(H1.c,[2,0],13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(H2.c,[4,0,-2],13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(H3.c,[8,0,-12,0],13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(H4.c,[16,0,-48,0,12],12)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(H5.c,[32,0,-160,0,120,0],12)
+
+    def test_hermitenorm(self):
+        # He_n(x) = 2**(-n/2) H_n(x/sqrt(2))
+        psub = np.poly1d([1.0/sqrt(2),0])
+        H0 = orth.hermitenorm(0)
+        H1 = orth.hermitenorm(1)
+        H2 = orth.hermitenorm(2)
+        H3 = orth.hermitenorm(3)
+        H4 = orth.hermitenorm(4)
+        H5 = orth.hermitenorm(5)
+        he0 = orth.hermite(0)(psub)
+        he1 = orth.hermite(1)(psub) / sqrt(2)
+        he2 = orth.hermite(2)(psub) / 2.0
+        he3 = orth.hermite(3)(psub) / (2*sqrt(2))
+        he4 = orth.hermite(4)(psub) / 4.0
+        he5 = orth.hermite(5)(psub) / (4.0*sqrt(2))
+
+        assert_array_almost_equal(H0.c,he0.c,13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(H1.c,he1.c,13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(H2.c,he2.c,13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(H3.c,he3.c,13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(H4.c,he4.c,13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(H5.c,he5.c,13)
+
+
+class TestShLegendre:
+    def test_sh_legendre(self):
+        # P*_n(x) = P_n(2x-1)
+        psub = np.poly1d([2,-1])
+        Ps0 = orth.sh_legendre(0)
+        Ps1 = orth.sh_legendre(1)
+        Ps2 = orth.sh_legendre(2)
+        Ps3 = orth.sh_legendre(3)
+        Ps4 = orth.sh_legendre(4)
+        Ps5 = orth.sh_legendre(5)
+        pse0 = orth.legendre(0)(psub)
+        pse1 = orth.legendre(1)(psub)
+        pse2 = orth.legendre(2)(psub)
+        pse3 = orth.legendre(3)(psub)
+        pse4 = orth.legendre(4)(psub)
+        pse5 = orth.legendre(5)(psub)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(Ps0.c,pse0.c,13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(Ps1.c,pse1.c,13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(Ps2.c,pse2.c,13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(Ps3.c,pse3.c,13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(Ps4.c,pse4.c,12)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(Ps5.c,pse5.c,12)
+
+
+class TestShChebyt:
+    def test_sh_chebyt(self):
+        # T*_n(x) = T_n(2x-1)
+        psub = np.poly1d([2,-1])
+        Ts0 = orth.sh_chebyt(0)
+        Ts1 = orth.sh_chebyt(1)
+        Ts2 = orth.sh_chebyt(2)
+        Ts3 = orth.sh_chebyt(3)
+        Ts4 = orth.sh_chebyt(4)
+        Ts5 = orth.sh_chebyt(5)
+        tse0 = orth.chebyt(0)(psub)
+        tse1 = orth.chebyt(1)(psub)
+        tse2 = orth.chebyt(2)(psub)
+        tse3 = orth.chebyt(3)(psub)
+        tse4 = orth.chebyt(4)(psub)
+        tse5 = orth.chebyt(5)(psub)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(Ts0.c,tse0.c,13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(Ts1.c,tse1.c,13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(Ts2.c,tse2.c,13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(Ts3.c,tse3.c,13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(Ts4.c,tse4.c,12)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(Ts5.c,tse5.c,12)
+
+
+class TestShChebyu:
+    def test_sh_chebyu(self):
+        # U*_n(x) = U_n(2x-1)
+        psub = np.poly1d([2,-1])
+        Us0 = orth.sh_chebyu(0)
+        Us1 = orth.sh_chebyu(1)
+        Us2 = orth.sh_chebyu(2)
+        Us3 = orth.sh_chebyu(3)
+        Us4 = orth.sh_chebyu(4)
+        Us5 = orth.sh_chebyu(5)
+        use0 = orth.chebyu(0)(psub)
+        use1 = orth.chebyu(1)(psub)
+        use2 = orth.chebyu(2)(psub)
+        use3 = orth.chebyu(3)(psub)
+        use4 = orth.chebyu(4)(psub)
+        use5 = orth.chebyu(5)(psub)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(Us0.c,use0.c,13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(Us1.c,use1.c,13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(Us2.c,use2.c,13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(Us3.c,use3.c,13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(Us4.c,use4.c,12)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(Us5.c,use5.c,11)
+
+
+class TestShJacobi:
+    def test_sh_jacobi(self):
+        # G^(p,q)_n(x) = n! gamma(n+p)/gamma(2*n+p) * P^(p-q,q-1)_n(2*x-1)
+        def conv(n, p):
+            return gamma(n + 1) * gamma(n + p) / gamma(2 * n + p)
+        psub = np.poly1d([2,-1])
+        q = 4 * np.random.random()
+        p = q-1 + 2*np.random.random()
+        # print("shifted jacobi p,q = ", p, q)
+        G0 = orth.sh_jacobi(0,p,q)
+        G1 = orth.sh_jacobi(1,p,q)
+        G2 = orth.sh_jacobi(2,p,q)
+        G3 = orth.sh_jacobi(3,p,q)
+        G4 = orth.sh_jacobi(4,p,q)
+        G5 = orth.sh_jacobi(5,p,q)
+        ge0 = orth.jacobi(0,p-q,q-1)(psub) * conv(0,p)
+        ge1 = orth.jacobi(1,p-q,q-1)(psub) * conv(1,p)
+        ge2 = orth.jacobi(2,p-q,q-1)(psub) * conv(2,p)
+        ge3 = orth.jacobi(3,p-q,q-1)(psub) * conv(3,p)
+        ge4 = orth.jacobi(4,p-q,q-1)(psub) * conv(4,p)
+        ge5 = orth.jacobi(5,p-q,q-1)(psub) * conv(5,p)
+
+        assert_array_almost_equal(G0.c,ge0.c,13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(G1.c,ge1.c,13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(G2.c,ge2.c,13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(G3.c,ge3.c,13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(G4.c,ge4.c,13)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(G5.c,ge5.c,13)
+
+
+class TestCall:
+    def test_call(self):
+        poly = []
+        for n in range(5):
+            poly.extend([x.strip() for x in
+                (f"""
+                orth.jacobi({n},0.3,0.9)
+                orth.sh_jacobi({n},0.3,0.9)
+                orth.genlaguerre({n},0.3)
+                orth.laguerre({n})
+                orth.hermite({n})
+                orth.hermitenorm({n})
+                orth.gegenbauer({n},0.3)
+                orth.chebyt({n})
+                orth.chebyu({n})
+                orth.chebyc({n})
+                orth.chebys({n})
+                orth.sh_chebyt({n})
+                orth.sh_chebyu({n})
+                orth.legendre({n})
+                orth.sh_legendre({n})
+                """).split()])
+        with np.errstate(all='ignore'):
+            for pstr in poly:
+                p = eval(pstr)
+                assert_almost_equal(p(0.315), np.poly1d(p.coef)(0.315),
+                                    err_msg=pstr)
+
+
+class TestGenlaguerre:
+    def test_regression(self):
+        assert_equal(orth.genlaguerre(1, 1, monic=False)(0), 2.)
+        assert_equal(orth.genlaguerre(1, 1, monic=True)(0), -2.)
+        assert_equal(orth.genlaguerre(1, 1, monic=False), np.poly1d([-1, 2]))
+        assert_equal(orth.genlaguerre(1, 1, monic=True), np.poly1d([1, -2]))
+
+
+def verify_gauss_quad(root_func, eval_func, weight_func, a, b, N,
+                      rtol=1e-15, atol=5e-14):
+    # this test is copied from numpy's TestGauss in test_hermite.py
+    x, w, mu = root_func(N, True)
+
+    n = np.arange(N, dtype=np.dtype("long"))
+    v = eval_func(n[:,np.newaxis], x)
+    vv = np.dot(v*w, v.T)
+    vd = 1 / np.sqrt(vv.diagonal())
+    vv = vd[:, np.newaxis] * vv * vd
+    assert_allclose(vv, np.eye(N), rtol, atol)
+
+    # check that the integral of 1 is correct
+    assert_allclose(w.sum(), mu, rtol, atol)
+
+    # compare the results of integrating a function with quad.
+    def f(x):
+        return x ** 3 - 3 * x ** 2 + x - 2
+    resI = integrate.quad(lambda x: f(x)*weight_func(x), a, b)
+    resG = np.vdot(f(x), w)
+    rtol = 1e-6 if 1e-6 < resI[1] else resI[1] * 10
+    assert_allclose(resI[0], resG, rtol=rtol)
+
+def test_roots_jacobi():
+    def rf(a, b):
+        return lambda n, mu: sc.roots_jacobi(n, a, b, mu)
+    def ef(a, b):
+        return lambda n, x: sc.eval_jacobi(n, a, b, x)
+    def wf(a, b):
+        return lambda x: (1 - x) ** a * (1 + x) ** b
+
+    vgq = verify_gauss_quad
+    vgq(rf(-0.5, -0.75), ef(-0.5, -0.75), wf(-0.5, -0.75), -1., 1., 5)
+    vgq(rf(-0.5, -0.75), ef(-0.5, -0.75), wf(-0.5, -0.75), -1., 1.,
+        25, atol=1e-12)
+    vgq(rf(-0.5, -0.75), ef(-0.5, -0.75), wf(-0.5, -0.75), -1., 1.,
+        100, atol=1e-11)
+
+    vgq(rf(0.5, -0.5), ef(0.5, -0.5), wf(0.5, -0.5), -1., 1., 5)
+    vgq(rf(0.5, -0.5), ef(0.5, -0.5), wf(0.5, -0.5), -1., 1., 25, atol=1.5e-13)
+    vgq(rf(0.5, -0.5), ef(0.5, -0.5), wf(0.5, -0.5), -1., 1., 100, atol=2e-12)
+
+    vgq(rf(1, 0.5), ef(1, 0.5), wf(1, 0.5), -1., 1., 5, atol=2e-13)
+    vgq(rf(1, 0.5), ef(1, 0.5), wf(1, 0.5), -1., 1., 25, atol=2e-13)
+    vgq(rf(1, 0.5), ef(1, 0.5), wf(1, 0.5), -1., 1., 100, atol=1e-12)
+
+    vgq(rf(0.9, 2), ef(0.9, 2), wf(0.9, 2), -1., 1., 5)
+    vgq(rf(0.9, 2), ef(0.9, 2), wf(0.9, 2), -1., 1., 25, atol=1e-13)
+    vgq(rf(0.9, 2), ef(0.9, 2), wf(0.9, 2), -1., 1., 100, atol=3e-13)
+
+    vgq(rf(18.24, 27.3), ef(18.24, 27.3), wf(18.24, 27.3), -1., 1., 5)
+    vgq(rf(18.24, 27.3), ef(18.24, 27.3), wf(18.24, 27.3), -1., 1., 25,
+        atol=1.1e-14)
+    vgq(rf(18.24, 27.3), ef(18.24, 27.3), wf(18.24, 27.3), -1., 1.,
+        100, atol=1e-13)
+
+    vgq(rf(47.1, -0.2), ef(47.1, -0.2), wf(47.1, -0.2), -1., 1., 5, atol=1e-13)
+    vgq(rf(47.1, -0.2), ef(47.1, -0.2), wf(47.1, -0.2), -1., 1., 25, atol=2e-13)
+    vgq(rf(47.1, -0.2), ef(47.1, -0.2), wf(47.1, -0.2), -1., 1.,
+        100, atol=1e-11)
+
+    vgq(rf(1., 658.), ef(1., 658.), wf(1., 658.), -1., 1., 5, atol=2e-13)
+    vgq(rf(1., 658.), ef(1., 658.), wf(1., 658.), -1., 1., 25, atol=1e-12)
+    vgq(rf(1., 658.), ef(1., 658.), wf(1., 658.), -1., 1., 100, atol=1e-11)
+    vgq(rf(1., 658.), ef(1., 658.), wf(1., 658.), -1., 1., 250, atol=1e-11)
+
+    vgq(rf(511., 511.), ef(511., 511.), wf(511., 511.), -1., 1., 5,
+        atol=1e-12)
+    vgq(rf(511., 511.), ef(511., 511.), wf(511., 511.), -1., 1., 25,
+        atol=1e-11)
+    vgq(rf(511., 511.), ef(511., 511.), wf(511., 511.), -1., 1., 100,
+        atol=1e-10)
+
+    vgq(rf(511., 512.), ef(511., 512.), wf(511., 512.), -1., 1., 5,
+        atol=1e-12)
+    vgq(rf(511., 512.), ef(511., 512.), wf(511., 512.), -1., 1., 25,
+        atol=1e-11)
+    vgq(rf(511., 512.), ef(511., 512.), wf(511., 512.), -1., 1., 100,
+        atol=1e-10)
+
+    vgq(rf(1000., 500.), ef(1000., 500.), wf(1000., 500.), -1., 1., 5,
+        atol=1e-12)
+    vgq(rf(1000., 500.), ef(1000., 500.), wf(1000., 500.), -1., 1., 25,
+        atol=1e-11)
+    vgq(rf(1000., 500.), ef(1000., 500.), wf(1000., 500.), -1., 1., 100,
+        atol=1e-10)
+
+    vgq(rf(2.25, 68.9), ef(2.25, 68.9), wf(2.25, 68.9), -1., 1., 5)
+    vgq(rf(2.25, 68.9), ef(2.25, 68.9), wf(2.25, 68.9), -1., 1., 25,
+        atol=1e-13)
+    vgq(rf(2.25, 68.9), ef(2.25, 68.9), wf(2.25, 68.9), -1., 1., 100,
+        atol=1e-13)
+
+    # when alpha == beta == 0, P_n^{a,b}(x) == P_n(x)
+    xj, wj = sc.roots_jacobi(6, 0.0, 0.0)
+    xl, wl = sc.roots_legendre(6)
+    assert_allclose(xj, xl, 1e-14, 1e-14)
+    assert_allclose(wj, wl, 1e-14, 1e-14)
+
+    # when alpha == beta != 0, P_n^{a,b}(x) == C_n^{alpha+0.5}(x)
+    xj, wj = sc.roots_jacobi(6, 4.0, 4.0)
+    xc, wc = sc.roots_gegenbauer(6, 4.5)
+    assert_allclose(xj, xc, 1e-14, 1e-14)
+    assert_allclose(wj, wc, 1e-14, 1e-14)
+
+    x, w = sc.roots_jacobi(5, 2, 3, False)
+    y, v, m = sc.roots_jacobi(5, 2, 3, True)
+    assert_allclose(x, y, 1e-14, 1e-14)
+    assert_allclose(w, v, 1e-14, 1e-14)
+
+    muI, muI_err = integrate.quad(wf(2,3), -1, 1)
+    assert_allclose(m, muI, rtol=muI_err)
+
+    assert_raises(ValueError, sc.roots_jacobi, 0, 1, 1)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, sc.roots_jacobi, 3.3, 1, 1)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, sc.roots_jacobi, 3, -2, 1)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, sc.roots_jacobi, 3, 1, -2)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, sc.roots_jacobi, 3, -2, -2)
+
+def test_roots_sh_jacobi():
+    def rf(a, b):
+        return lambda n, mu: sc.roots_sh_jacobi(n, a, b, mu)
+    def ef(a, b):
+        return lambda n, x: sc.eval_sh_jacobi(n, a, b, x)
+    def wf(a, b):
+        return lambda x: (1.0 - x) ** (a - b) * x ** (b - 1.0)
+
+    vgq = verify_gauss_quad
+    vgq(rf(-0.5, 0.25), ef(-0.5, 0.25), wf(-0.5, 0.25), 0., 1., 5)
+    vgq(rf(-0.5, 0.25), ef(-0.5, 0.25), wf(-0.5, 0.25), 0., 1.,
+        25, atol=1e-12)
+    vgq(rf(-0.5, 0.25), ef(-0.5, 0.25), wf(-0.5, 0.25), 0., 1.,
+        100, atol=1e-11)
+
+    vgq(rf(0.5, 0.5), ef(0.5, 0.5), wf(0.5, 0.5), 0., 1., 5)
+    vgq(rf(0.5, 0.5), ef(0.5, 0.5), wf(0.5, 0.5), 0., 1., 25, atol=1e-13)
+    vgq(rf(0.5, 0.5), ef(0.5, 0.5), wf(0.5, 0.5), 0., 1., 100, atol=1e-12)
+
+    vgq(rf(1, 0.5), ef(1, 0.5), wf(1, 0.5), 0., 1., 5)
+    vgq(rf(1, 0.5), ef(1, 0.5), wf(1, 0.5), 0., 1., 25, atol=1.5e-13)
+    vgq(rf(1, 0.5), ef(1, 0.5), wf(1, 0.5), 0., 1., 100, atol=2e-12)
+
+    vgq(rf(2, 0.9), ef(2, 0.9), wf(2, 0.9), 0., 1., 5)
+    vgq(rf(2, 0.9), ef(2, 0.9), wf(2, 0.9), 0., 1., 25, atol=1e-13)
+    vgq(rf(2, 0.9), ef(2, 0.9), wf(2, 0.9), 0., 1., 100, atol=1e-12)
+
+    vgq(rf(27.3, 18.24), ef(27.3, 18.24), wf(27.3, 18.24), 0., 1., 5)
+    vgq(rf(27.3, 18.24), ef(27.3, 18.24), wf(27.3, 18.24), 0., 1., 25)
+    vgq(rf(27.3, 18.24), ef(27.3, 18.24), wf(27.3, 18.24), 0., 1.,
+        100, atol=1e-13)
+
+    vgq(rf(47.1, 0.2), ef(47.1, 0.2), wf(47.1, 0.2), 0., 1., 5, atol=1e-12)
+    vgq(rf(47.1, 0.2), ef(47.1, 0.2), wf(47.1, 0.2), 0., 1., 25, atol=1e-11)
+    vgq(rf(47.1, 0.2), ef(47.1, 0.2), wf(47.1, 0.2), 0., 1., 100, atol=1e-10)
+
+    vgq(rf(68.9, 2.25), ef(68.9, 2.25), wf(68.9, 2.25), 0., 1., 5, atol=3.5e-14)
+    vgq(rf(68.9, 2.25), ef(68.9, 2.25), wf(68.9, 2.25), 0., 1., 25, atol=2e-13)
+    vgq(rf(68.9, 2.25), ef(68.9, 2.25), wf(68.9, 2.25), 0., 1.,
+        100, atol=1e-12)
+
+    x, w = sc.roots_sh_jacobi(5, 3, 2, False)
+    y, v, m = sc.roots_sh_jacobi(5, 3, 2, True)
+    assert_allclose(x, y, 1e-14, 1e-14)
+    assert_allclose(w, v, 1e-14, 1e-14)
+
+    muI, muI_err = integrate.quad(wf(3,2), 0, 1)
+    assert_allclose(m, muI, rtol=muI_err)
+
+    assert_raises(ValueError, sc.roots_sh_jacobi, 0, 1, 1)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, sc.roots_sh_jacobi, 3.3, 1, 1)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, sc.roots_sh_jacobi, 3, 1, 2)    # p - q <= -1
+    assert_raises(ValueError, sc.roots_sh_jacobi, 3, 2, -1)   # q <= 0
+    assert_raises(ValueError, sc.roots_sh_jacobi, 3, -2, -1)  # both
+
+def test_roots_hermite():
+    rootf = sc.roots_hermite
+    evalf = sc.eval_hermite
+    weightf = orth.hermite(5).weight_func
+
+    verify_gauss_quad(rootf, evalf, weightf, -np.inf, np.inf, 5)
+    verify_gauss_quad(rootf, evalf, weightf, -np.inf, np.inf, 25, atol=1e-13)
+    verify_gauss_quad(rootf, evalf, weightf, -np.inf, np.inf, 100, atol=1e-12)
+
+    # Golub-Welsch branch
+    x, w = sc.roots_hermite(5, False)
+    y, v, m = sc.roots_hermite(5, True)
+    assert_allclose(x, y, 1e-14, 1e-14)
+    assert_allclose(w, v, 1e-14, 1e-14)
+
+    muI, muI_err = integrate.quad(weightf, -np.inf, np.inf)
+    assert_allclose(m, muI, rtol=muI_err)
+
+    # Asymptotic branch (switch over at n >= 150)
+    x, w = sc.roots_hermite(200, False)
+    y, v, m = sc.roots_hermite(200, True)
+    assert_allclose(x, y, 1e-14, 1e-14)
+    assert_allclose(w, v, 1e-14, 1e-14)
+    assert_allclose(sum(v), m, 1e-14, 1e-14)
+
+    assert_raises(ValueError, sc.roots_hermite, 0)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, sc.roots_hermite, 3.3)
+
+def test_roots_hermite_asy():
+    # Recursion for Hermite functions
+    def hermite_recursion(n, nodes):
+        H = np.zeros((n, nodes.size))
+        H[0,:] = np.pi**(-0.25) * np.exp(-0.5*nodes**2)
+        if n > 1:
+            H[1,:] = sqrt(2.0) * nodes * H[0,:]
+            for k in range(2, n):
+                H[k,:] = sqrt(2.0/k) * nodes * H[k-1,:] - sqrt((k-1.0)/k) * H[k-2,:]
+        return H
+
+    # This tests only the nodes
+    def test(N, rtol=1e-15, atol=1e-14):
+        x, w = orth._roots_hermite_asy(N)
+        H = hermite_recursion(N+1, x)
+        assert_allclose(H[-1,:], np.zeros(N), rtol, atol)
+        assert_allclose(sum(w), sqrt(np.pi), rtol, atol)
+
+    test(150, atol=1e-12)
+    test(151, atol=1e-12)
+    test(300, atol=1e-12)
+    test(301, atol=1e-12)
+    test(500, atol=1e-12)
+    test(501, atol=1e-12)
+    test(999, atol=1e-12)
+    test(1000, atol=1e-12)
+    test(2000, atol=1e-12)
+    test(5000, atol=1e-12)
+
+def test_roots_hermitenorm():
+    rootf = sc.roots_hermitenorm
+    evalf = sc.eval_hermitenorm
+    weightf = orth.hermitenorm(5).weight_func
+
+    verify_gauss_quad(rootf, evalf, weightf, -np.inf, np.inf, 5)
+    verify_gauss_quad(rootf, evalf, weightf, -np.inf, np.inf, 25, atol=1e-13)
+    verify_gauss_quad(rootf, evalf, weightf, -np.inf, np.inf, 100, atol=1e-12)
+
+    x, w = sc.roots_hermitenorm(5, False)
+    y, v, m = sc.roots_hermitenorm(5, True)
+    assert_allclose(x, y, 1e-14, 1e-14)
+    assert_allclose(w, v, 1e-14, 1e-14)
+
+    muI, muI_err = integrate.quad(weightf, -np.inf, np.inf)
+    assert_allclose(m, muI, rtol=muI_err)
+
+    assert_raises(ValueError, sc.roots_hermitenorm, 0)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, sc.roots_hermitenorm, 3.3)
+
+def test_roots_gegenbauer():
+    def rootf(a):
+        return lambda n, mu: sc.roots_gegenbauer(n, a, mu)
+    def evalf(a):
+        return lambda n, x: sc.eval_gegenbauer(n, a, x)
+    def weightf(a):
+        return lambda x: (1 - x ** 2) ** (a - 0.5)
+
+    vgq = verify_gauss_quad
+    vgq(rootf(-0.25), evalf(-0.25), weightf(-0.25), -1., 1., 5)
+    vgq(rootf(-0.25), evalf(-0.25), weightf(-0.25), -1., 1., 25, atol=1e-12)
+    vgq(rootf(-0.25), evalf(-0.25), weightf(-0.25), -1., 1., 100, atol=1e-11)
+
+    vgq(rootf(0.1), evalf(0.1), weightf(0.1), -1., 1., 5)
+    vgq(rootf(0.1), evalf(0.1), weightf(0.1), -1., 1., 25, atol=1e-13)
+    vgq(rootf(0.1), evalf(0.1), weightf(0.1), -1., 1., 100, atol=1e-12)
+
+    vgq(rootf(1), evalf(1), weightf(1), -1., 1., 5)
+    vgq(rootf(1), evalf(1), weightf(1), -1., 1., 25, atol=1e-13)
+    vgq(rootf(1), evalf(1), weightf(1), -1., 1., 100, atol=1e-12)
+
+    vgq(rootf(10), evalf(10), weightf(10), -1., 1., 5)
+    vgq(rootf(10), evalf(10), weightf(10), -1., 1., 25, atol=1e-13)
+    vgq(rootf(10), evalf(10), weightf(10), -1., 1., 100, atol=1e-12)
+
+    vgq(rootf(50), evalf(50), weightf(50), -1., 1., 5, atol=1e-13)
+    vgq(rootf(50), evalf(50), weightf(50), -1., 1., 25, atol=1e-12)
+    vgq(rootf(50), evalf(50), weightf(50), -1., 1., 100, atol=1e-11)
+
+    # Alpha=170 is where the approximation used in roots_gegenbauer changes
+    vgq(rootf(170), evalf(170), weightf(170), -1., 1., 5, atol=1e-13)
+    vgq(rootf(170), evalf(170), weightf(170), -1., 1., 25, atol=1e-12)
+    vgq(rootf(170), evalf(170), weightf(170), -1., 1., 100, atol=1e-11)
+    vgq(rootf(170.5), evalf(170.5), weightf(170.5), -1., 1., 5, atol=1.25e-13)
+    vgq(rootf(170.5), evalf(170.5), weightf(170.5), -1., 1., 25, atol=1e-12)
+    vgq(rootf(170.5), evalf(170.5), weightf(170.5), -1., 1., 100, atol=1e-11)
+
+    # Test for failures, e.g. overflows, resulting from large alphas
+    vgq(rootf(238), evalf(238), weightf(238), -1., 1., 5, atol=1e-13)
+    vgq(rootf(238), evalf(238), weightf(238), -1., 1., 25, atol=1e-12)
+    vgq(rootf(238), evalf(238), weightf(238), -1., 1., 100, atol=1e-11)
+    vgq(rootf(512.5), evalf(512.5), weightf(512.5), -1., 1., 5, atol=1e-12)
+    vgq(rootf(512.5), evalf(512.5), weightf(512.5), -1., 1., 25, atol=1e-11)
+    vgq(rootf(512.5), evalf(512.5), weightf(512.5), -1., 1., 100, atol=1e-10)
+
+    # this is a special case that the old code supported.
+    # when alpha = 0, the gegenbauer polynomial is uniformly 0. but it goes
+    # to a scaled down copy of T_n(x) there.
+    vgq(rootf(0), sc.eval_chebyt, weightf(0), -1., 1., 5)
+    vgq(rootf(0), sc.eval_chebyt, weightf(0), -1., 1., 25)
+    vgq(rootf(0), sc.eval_chebyt, weightf(0), -1., 1., 100, atol=1e-12)
+
+    x, w = sc.roots_gegenbauer(5, 2, False)
+    y, v, m = sc.roots_gegenbauer(5, 2, True)
+    assert_allclose(x, y, 1e-14, 1e-14)
+    assert_allclose(w, v, 1e-14, 1e-14)
+
+    muI, muI_err = integrate.quad(weightf(2), -1, 1)
+    assert_allclose(m, muI, rtol=muI_err)
+
+    assert_raises(ValueError, sc.roots_gegenbauer, 0, 2)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, sc.roots_gegenbauer, 3.3, 2)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, sc.roots_gegenbauer, 3, -.75)
+
+def test_roots_chebyt():
+    weightf = orth.chebyt(5).weight_func
+    verify_gauss_quad(sc.roots_chebyt, sc.eval_chebyt, weightf, -1., 1., 5)
+    verify_gauss_quad(sc.roots_chebyt, sc.eval_chebyt, weightf, -1., 1., 25)
+    verify_gauss_quad(sc.roots_chebyt, sc.eval_chebyt, weightf, -1., 1., 100,
+                      atol=1e-12)
+
+    x, w = sc.roots_chebyt(5, False)
+    y, v, m = sc.roots_chebyt(5, True)
+    assert_allclose(x, y, 1e-14, 1e-14)
+    assert_allclose(w, v, 1e-14, 1e-14)
+
+    muI, muI_err = integrate.quad(weightf, -1, 1)
+    assert_allclose(m, muI, rtol=muI_err)
+
+    assert_raises(ValueError, sc.roots_chebyt, 0)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, sc.roots_chebyt, 3.3)
+
+def test_chebyt_symmetry():
+    x, w = sc.roots_chebyt(21)
+    pos, neg = x[:10], x[11:]
+    assert_equal(neg, -pos[::-1])
+    assert_equal(x[10], 0)
+
+def test_roots_chebyu():
+    weightf = orth.chebyu(5).weight_func
+    verify_gauss_quad(sc.roots_chebyu, sc.eval_chebyu, weightf, -1., 1., 5)
+    verify_gauss_quad(sc.roots_chebyu, sc.eval_chebyu, weightf, -1., 1., 25)
+    verify_gauss_quad(sc.roots_chebyu, sc.eval_chebyu, weightf, -1., 1., 100)
+
+    x, w = sc.roots_chebyu(5, False)
+    y, v, m = sc.roots_chebyu(5, True)
+    assert_allclose(x, y, 1e-14, 1e-14)
+    assert_allclose(w, v, 1e-14, 1e-14)
+
+    muI, muI_err = integrate.quad(weightf, -1, 1)
+    assert_allclose(m, muI, rtol=muI_err)
+
+    assert_raises(ValueError, sc.roots_chebyu, 0)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, sc.roots_chebyu, 3.3)
+
+def test_roots_chebyc():
+    weightf = orth.chebyc(5).weight_func
+    verify_gauss_quad(sc.roots_chebyc, sc.eval_chebyc, weightf, -2., 2., 5)
+    verify_gauss_quad(sc.roots_chebyc, sc.eval_chebyc, weightf, -2., 2., 25)
+    verify_gauss_quad(sc.roots_chebyc, sc.eval_chebyc, weightf, -2., 2., 100,
+                      atol=1e-12)
+
+    x, w = sc.roots_chebyc(5, False)
+    y, v, m = sc.roots_chebyc(5, True)
+    assert_allclose(x, y, 1e-14, 1e-14)
+    assert_allclose(w, v, 1e-14, 1e-14)
+
+    muI, muI_err = integrate.quad(weightf, -2, 2)
+    assert_allclose(m, muI, rtol=muI_err)
+
+    assert_raises(ValueError, sc.roots_chebyc, 0)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, sc.roots_chebyc, 3.3)
+
+def test_roots_chebys():
+    weightf = orth.chebys(5).weight_func
+    verify_gauss_quad(sc.roots_chebys, sc.eval_chebys, weightf, -2., 2., 5)
+    verify_gauss_quad(sc.roots_chebys, sc.eval_chebys, weightf, -2., 2., 25)
+    verify_gauss_quad(sc.roots_chebys, sc.eval_chebys, weightf, -2., 2., 100)
+
+    x, w = sc.roots_chebys(5, False)
+    y, v, m = sc.roots_chebys(5, True)
+    assert_allclose(x, y, 1e-14, 1e-14)
+    assert_allclose(w, v, 1e-14, 1e-14)
+
+    muI, muI_err = integrate.quad(weightf, -2, 2)
+    assert_allclose(m, muI, rtol=muI_err)
+
+    assert_raises(ValueError, sc.roots_chebys, 0)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, sc.roots_chebys, 3.3)
+
+def test_roots_sh_chebyt():
+    weightf = orth.sh_chebyt(5).weight_func
+    verify_gauss_quad(sc.roots_sh_chebyt, sc.eval_sh_chebyt, weightf, 0., 1., 5)
+    verify_gauss_quad(sc.roots_sh_chebyt, sc.eval_sh_chebyt, weightf, 0., 1., 25)
+    verify_gauss_quad(sc.roots_sh_chebyt, sc.eval_sh_chebyt, weightf, 0., 1.,
+                      100, atol=1e-13)
+
+    x, w = sc.roots_sh_chebyt(5, False)
+    y, v, m = sc.roots_sh_chebyt(5, True)
+    assert_allclose(x, y, 1e-14, 1e-14)
+    assert_allclose(w, v, 1e-14, 1e-14)
+
+    muI, muI_err = integrate.quad(weightf, 0, 1)
+    assert_allclose(m, muI, rtol=muI_err)
+
+    assert_raises(ValueError, sc.roots_sh_chebyt, 0)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, sc.roots_sh_chebyt, 3.3)
+
+def test_roots_sh_chebyu():
+    weightf = orth.sh_chebyu(5).weight_func
+    verify_gauss_quad(sc.roots_sh_chebyu, sc.eval_sh_chebyu, weightf, 0., 1., 5)
+    verify_gauss_quad(sc.roots_sh_chebyu, sc.eval_sh_chebyu, weightf, 0., 1., 25)
+    verify_gauss_quad(sc.roots_sh_chebyu, sc.eval_sh_chebyu, weightf, 0., 1.,
+                      100, atol=1e-13)
+
+    x, w = sc.roots_sh_chebyu(5, False)
+    y, v, m = sc.roots_sh_chebyu(5, True)
+    assert_allclose(x, y, 1e-14, 1e-14)
+    assert_allclose(w, v, 1e-14, 1e-14)
+
+    muI, muI_err = integrate.quad(weightf, 0, 1)
+    assert_allclose(m, muI, rtol=muI_err)
+
+    assert_raises(ValueError, sc.roots_sh_chebyu, 0)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, sc.roots_sh_chebyu, 3.3)
+
+def test_roots_legendre():
+    weightf = orth.legendre(5).weight_func
+    verify_gauss_quad(sc.roots_legendre, sc.eval_legendre, weightf, -1., 1., 5)
+    verify_gauss_quad(sc.roots_legendre, sc.eval_legendre, weightf, -1., 1.,
+                      25, atol=1e-13)
+    verify_gauss_quad(sc.roots_legendre, sc.eval_legendre, weightf, -1., 1.,
+                      100, atol=1e-12)
+
+    x, w = sc.roots_legendre(5, False)
+    y, v, m = sc.roots_legendre(5, True)
+    assert_allclose(x, y, 1e-14, 1e-14)
+    assert_allclose(w, v, 1e-14, 1e-14)
+
+    muI, muI_err = integrate.quad(weightf, -1, 1)
+    assert_allclose(m, muI, rtol=muI_err)
+
+    assert_raises(ValueError, sc.roots_legendre, 0)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, sc.roots_legendre, 3.3)
+
+def test_roots_sh_legendre():
+    weightf = orth.sh_legendre(5).weight_func
+    verify_gauss_quad(sc.roots_sh_legendre, sc.eval_sh_legendre, weightf, 0., 1., 5)
+    verify_gauss_quad(sc.roots_sh_legendre, sc.eval_sh_legendre, weightf, 0., 1.,
+                      25, atol=1e-13)
+    verify_gauss_quad(sc.roots_sh_legendre, sc.eval_sh_legendre, weightf, 0., 1.,
+                      100, atol=1e-12)
+
+    x, w = sc.roots_sh_legendre(5, False)
+    y, v, m = sc.roots_sh_legendre(5, True)
+    assert_allclose(x, y, 1e-14, 1e-14)
+    assert_allclose(w, v, 1e-14, 1e-14)
+
+    muI, muI_err = integrate.quad(weightf, 0, 1)
+    assert_allclose(m, muI, rtol=muI_err)
+
+    assert_raises(ValueError, sc.roots_sh_legendre, 0)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, sc.roots_sh_legendre, 3.3)
+
+def test_roots_laguerre():
+    weightf = orth.laguerre(5).weight_func
+    verify_gauss_quad(sc.roots_laguerre, sc.eval_laguerre, weightf, 0., np.inf, 5)
+    verify_gauss_quad(sc.roots_laguerre, sc.eval_laguerre, weightf, 0., np.inf,
+                      25, atol=1e-13)
+    verify_gauss_quad(sc.roots_laguerre, sc.eval_laguerre, weightf, 0., np.inf,
+                      100, atol=1e-12)
+
+    x, w = sc.roots_laguerre(5, False)
+    y, v, m = sc.roots_laguerre(5, True)
+    assert_allclose(x, y, 1e-14, 1e-14)
+    assert_allclose(w, v, 1e-14, 1e-14)
+
+    muI, muI_err = integrate.quad(weightf, 0, np.inf)
+    assert_allclose(m, muI, rtol=muI_err)
+
+    assert_raises(ValueError, sc.roots_laguerre, 0)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, sc.roots_laguerre, 3.3)
+
+def test_roots_genlaguerre():
+    def rootf(a):
+        return lambda n, mu: sc.roots_genlaguerre(n, a, mu)
+    def evalf(a):
+        return lambda n, x: sc.eval_genlaguerre(n, a, x)
+    def weightf(a):
+        return lambda x: x ** a * np.exp(-x)
+
+    vgq = verify_gauss_quad
+    vgq(rootf(-0.5), evalf(-0.5), weightf(-0.5), 0., np.inf, 5)
+    vgq(rootf(-0.5), evalf(-0.5), weightf(-0.5), 0., np.inf, 25, atol=1e-13)
+    vgq(rootf(-0.5), evalf(-0.5), weightf(-0.5), 0., np.inf, 100, atol=1e-12)
+
+    vgq(rootf(0.1), evalf(0.1), weightf(0.1), 0., np.inf, 5)
+    vgq(rootf(0.1), evalf(0.1), weightf(0.1), 0., np.inf, 25, atol=1e-13)
+    vgq(rootf(0.1), evalf(0.1), weightf(0.1), 0., np.inf, 100, atol=1.6e-13)
+
+    vgq(rootf(1), evalf(1), weightf(1), 0., np.inf, 5)
+    vgq(rootf(1), evalf(1), weightf(1), 0., np.inf, 25, atol=1e-13)
+    vgq(rootf(1), evalf(1), weightf(1), 0., np.inf, 100, atol=1.03e-13)
+
+    vgq(rootf(10), evalf(10), weightf(10), 0., np.inf, 5)
+    vgq(rootf(10), evalf(10), weightf(10), 0., np.inf, 25, atol=1e-13)
+    vgq(rootf(10), evalf(10), weightf(10), 0., np.inf, 100, atol=1e-12)
+
+    vgq(rootf(50), evalf(50), weightf(50), 0., np.inf, 5)
+    vgq(rootf(50), evalf(50), weightf(50), 0., np.inf, 25, atol=1e-13)
+    vgq(rootf(50), evalf(50), weightf(50), 0., np.inf, 100, rtol=1e-14, atol=2e-13)
+
+    x, w = sc.roots_genlaguerre(5, 2, False)
+    y, v, m = sc.roots_genlaguerre(5, 2, True)
+    assert_allclose(x, y, 1e-14, 1e-14)
+    assert_allclose(w, v, 1e-14, 1e-14)
+
+    muI, muI_err = integrate.quad(weightf(2.), 0., np.inf)
+    assert_allclose(m, muI, rtol=muI_err)
+
+    assert_raises(ValueError, sc.roots_genlaguerre, 0, 2)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, sc.roots_genlaguerre, 3.3, 2)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, sc.roots_genlaguerre, 3, -1.1)
+
+
+def test_gh_6721():
+    # Regression test for gh_6721. This should not raise.
+    sc.chebyt(65)(0.2)