passagemath-gap-pkg-semigroups 10.6.30__cp312-abi3-macosx_13_0_arm64.whl

gap/pkg/semigroups/tst/standard/congruences/congrms.tst

@@ -0,0 +1,701 @@
+###########################################################################
+##
+#W  standard/congruences/congrms.tst
+#Y  Copyright (C) 2014-2022                                 Michael Young
+##
+##  Licensing information can be found in the README file of this package.
+##
+#############################################################################
+##
+
+#@local G, N, S, T, badCoset, class, class0, class1, class2, class3, classes
+#@local classother, colBlocks, cong, cong1, cong2, congs, congs1, congs12
+#@local congs13, congs19, congs24, congs25, congs28, congs3, congs31, congs7
+#@local congs9, enum, eq, g, i, ims, mat, n, nCoset, q, rowBlocks, s, t
+#@local trivialcong, uni, x, y, z, zero
+gap> START_TEST("Semigroups package: standard/congruences/congrms.tst");
+gap> LoadPackage("semigroups", false);;
+
+# Set info levels and user preferences
+gap> SEMIGROUPS.StartTest();
+
+# All ReesMatrixSemigroup functions tested with a small example
+
+# ReesMatCongTest1: Create a Rees matrix semigroup
+gap> g := SymmetricGroup(4);;
+gap> StructureDescription(g);
+"S4"
+gap> mat := [[(1, 3), (1, 2)(3, 4)],
+>            [(1, 4, 3, 2), ()],
+>            [(1, 3)(2, 4), (1, 3, 4, 2)]];;
+gap> S := ReesMatrixSemigroup(g, mat);;
+
+# ReesMatCongTest2: Find all its congruences
+gap> congs := CongruencesOfSemigroup(S);;
+gap> Size(congs);
+23
+
+# ReesMatCongTest3: Construct a congruence manually
+gap> n := Group([(1, 4)(2, 3), (1, 3)(2, 4)]);;
+gap> colBlocks := [[1], [2]];;
+gap> rowBlocks := [[1, 2], [3]];;
+gap> cong := RMSCongruenceByLinkedTriple(S, n, colBlocks, rowBlocks);
+<semigroup congruence over <Rees matrix semigroup 2x3 over S4>
+  with linked triple (2^2,2,2)>
+gap> congs12 := SemigroupCongruence(S, [[RMSElement(S, 1, (1, 2, 3, 4), 2),
+>                                        RMSElement(S, 2, (), 2)],
+>                                       [RMSElement(S, 1, (1, 3), 1),
+>                                        RMSElement(S, 1, (1, 2, 3, 4), 2)],
+>                                       [RMSElement(S, 1, (1, 3), 1),
+>                                        RMSElement(S, 1, (1, 3)(2, 4), 3)]]);
+<semigroup congruence over <Rees matrix semigroup 2x3 over S4>
+  with linked triple (A4,1,1)>
+gap> cong = congs12;
+false
+gap> congs3 := SemigroupCongruence(S, [RMSElement(S, 1, (1, 3), 1),
+>                                      RMSElement(S, 1, (1, 2, 3, 4), 2)]);
+<semigroup congruence over <Rees matrix semigroup 2x3 over S4>
+  with linked triple (2^2,2,2)>
+gap> cong = congs3;
+true
+
+# IsSubrelation: RMS case
+gap> colBlocks := [[1, 2]];;
+gap> rowBlocks := [[1, 2, 3]];;
+gap> cong2 := RMSCongruenceByLinkedTriple(S, g, colBlocks, rowBlocks);
+<semigroup congruence over <Rees matrix semigroup 2x3 over S4>
+  with linked triple (S4,1,1)>
+gap> IsSubrelation(cong, cong2);
+false
+gap> IsSubrelation(cong2, cong);
+true
+
+# RMSCongruenceByLinkedTriple: Bad input
+gap> RMSCongruenceByLinkedTriple(S, SymmetricGroup(3), colBlocks, rowBlocks);
+Error, the 2nd argument (a group) is not a normal subgroup of the underlying s\
+emigroup of the 1st argument (a Rees matrix semigroup)
+gap> RMSCongruenceByLinkedTriple(S, n, [1, [2]], rowBlocks);
+Error, the 3rd argument must be a list of lists
+gap> RMSCongruenceByLinkedTriple(S, n, colBlocks, [[1, 2], 3]);
+Error, the 4th argument must be a list of lists
+gap> RMSCongruenceByLinkedTriple(S, n, [[1], [2, 3]], rowBlocks);
+Error, the 3rd argument (a list of lists) does not partition the columns of th\
+e matrix of the 1st argument (a Rees matrix semigroup)
+gap> RMSCongruenceByLinkedTriple(S, n, colBlocks, [[1], [2]]);
+Error, the 4th argument (a list of lists) does not partition the columns of th\
+e matrix of the 1st argument (a Rees matrix semigroup)
+gap> RMSCongruenceByLinkedTriple(S, n, colBlocks, [[1], [2, 3]]);
+Error, invalid triple
+
+# IsSubrelation: bad input (no zero)
+gap> g := SymmetricGroup(4);;
+gap> mat := [[(), (1, 2)(3, 4)],
+>            [(), ()],
+>            [(2, 4), (1, 3, 4, 2)]];;
+gap> T := ReesMatrixSemigroup(g, mat);;
+gap> n := Group([(2, 4, 3), (1, 4)(2, 3), (1, 3)(2, 4)]);;
+gap> colBlocks := [[1, 2]];;
+gap> rowBlocks := [[1], [2, 3]];;
+gap> cong2 := RMSCongruenceByLinkedTriple(T, n, colBlocks, rowBlocks);;
+gap> EquivalenceRelationCanonicalLookup(cong2);
+[ 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 3, 2, 4, 4, 3, 2, 1, 1, 3, 4, 4, 3, 2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 
+  3, 1, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 2, 4, 2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 3, 2, 4, 4, 3, 2, 4, 4, 
+  3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 2, 2, 3, 2, 4, 3, 2, 4, 4, 3, 2, 4, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 
+  3, 3, 3, 1, 3, 2, 3, 2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 2, 4, 2, 
+  1, 1, 2, 3, 1, 3, 3, 4, 2, 2, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 3, 2, 4, 3, 2, 4, 4, 3, 2, 4, 
+  3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 3, 1, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2 ]
+gap> IsSubrelation(cong2, cong);
+Error, the 1st and 2nd arguments are congruences over different semigroups
+gap> IsUniversalSemigroupCongruence(cong2);
+false
+
+# ReesMatCongTest4: Testing membership
+gap> x := ReesMatrixSemigroupElement(S, 1, (2, 3), 2);;
+gap> y := ReesMatrixSemigroupElement(S, 1, (1, 4), 1);;
+gap> z := ReesMatrixSemigroupElement(S, 1, (2, 3, 4), 3);;
+gap> t := ReesMatrixSemigroupElement(T, 1, (1, 2)(3, 4), 2);;
+gap> [x, y] in cong;
+true
+gap> [x, z] in cong;
+false
+gap> [y, z] in cong;
+false
+gap> [x] in cong;
+Error, the 1st argument (a list) does not have length 2
+gap> [x, y, z] in cong;
+Error, the 1st argument (a list) does not have length 2
+gap> [t, t] in cong;
+Error, the items in the 1st argument (a list) do not all belong to the range o\
+f the 2nd argument (a 2-sided semigroup congruence)
+gap> ims := ImagesElm(cong, t);
+Error, the 2nd argument (an element of a Rees matrix semigroup) does not belon\
+g to the range of the 1st argument (a congruence)
+
+# ReesMatCongTest5: Equivalence classes
+gap> classes := EquivalenceClasses(cong);;
+gap> Size(classes) = NrEquivalenceClasses(cong);
+true
+gap> class1 := EquivalenceClassOfElement(cong, x);;
+gap> class2 := EquivalenceClassOfElement(cong, y);;
+gap> class3 := EquivalenceClassOfElement(cong, z);
+<2-sided congruence class of (1,(2,3,4),3)>
+gap> Representative(class1);
+(1,(2,3),2)
+gap> Representative(class2);
+(1,(1,4),1)
+gap> Representative(class3);
+(1,(2,3,4),3)
+gap> EquivalenceClassOfElement(cong, t);
+Error, the 2nd argument (a mult. elt.) does not belong to the range of the 1st\
+ argument (a 2-sided congruence)
+gap> congs12 := SemigroupCongruence(S, [[RMSElement(S, 1, (1, 2, 3, 4), 2),
+>                                        RMSElement(S, 2, (), 2)],
+>                                       [RMSElement(S, 1, (1, 3), 1),
+>                                        RMSElement(S, 1, (1, 2, 3, 4), 2)],
+>                                       [RMSElement(S, 1, (1, 3), 1),
+>                                        RMSElement(S, 1, (1, 3)(2, 4), 3)]]);
+<semigroup congruence over <Rees matrix semigroup 2x3 over S4>
+  with linked triple (A4,1,1)>
+gap> classother := EquivalenceClassOfElement(congs12, x);;
+gap> class1 = class2;
+true
+gap> class1 = class3;
+false
+gap> y in class1;
+true
+gap> x in class3;
+false
+gap> class1 = classes[3];
+true
+gap> congs3 := SemigroupCongruence(S, [RMSElement(S, 1, (1, 3), 1),
+>                                      RMSElement(S, 1, (1, 2, 3, 4), 2)]);
+<semigroup congruence over <Rees matrix semigroup 2x3 over S4>
+  with linked triple (2^2,2,2)>
+gap> nCoset := RightCoset(congs3!.n, (1, 3));;
+gap> class := RMSCongruenceClassByLinkedTriple(congs3, nCoset, 1, 2);;
+gap> class = classes[7];
+true
+gap> classes[11] * classes[19] = classes[12];
+true
+gap> classes[12] * classes[10] = classes[8];
+true
+gap> Position(classes, classes[20] * classes[10]);
+21
+gap> [classes[12], classes[20]] * classes[10] = [classes[8], classes[21]];
+true
+gap> classes[24] * classes[2] = classes[15];  # actually 16
+false
+gap> class1 * classother;
+Error, the arguments (cong. classes) are not classes of the same congruence
+gap> Size(classes[13]);
+8
+gap> Size(classes[24]);
+4
+gap> Size(classes[1]);
+8
+gap> Enumerator(classes[24]);
+[ (2,(2,4),3), (2,(1,2,3,4),3), (2,(1,3),3), (2,(1,4,3,2),3) ]
+
+# RMSCongruenceClassByLinkedTriple: bad input
+gap> congs3 := SemigroupCongruence(S, [RMSElement(S, 1, (1, 3), 1),
+>                                      RMSElement(S, 1, (1, 2, 3, 4), 2)]);
+<semigroup congruence over <Rees matrix semigroup 2x3 over S4>
+  with linked triple (2^2,2,2)>
+gap> badCoset := RightCoset(SymmetricGroup(6), (1, 5, 4));;
+gap> class := RMSCongruenceClassByLinkedTriple(congs3, badCoset, 1, 2);;
+Error, the 2nd argument (a right coset) is not a coset of the normal subgroup \
+of defining the 1st argument (a congruence)
+gap> class := RMSCongruenceClassByLinkedTriple(congs3, nCoset, 7, 2);;
+Error, the 3rd argument (a pos. int.) is out of range
+gap> class := RMSCongruenceClassByLinkedTriple(congs3, nCoset, 1, 42);;
+Error, the 4th argument (a pos. int.) is out of range
+
+# ReesMatCongTest6: Join and meet congruences
+gap> congs3 := SemigroupCongruence(S, [RMSElement(S, 1, (1, 3), 1),
+>                                      RMSElement(S, 1, (1, 2, 3, 4), 2)]);
+<semigroup congruence over <Rees matrix semigroup 2x3 over S4>
+  with linked triple (2^2,2,2)>
+gap> congs3;
+<semigroup congruence over <Rees matrix semigroup 2x3 over S4>
+  with linked triple (2^2,2,2)>
+gap> MeetSemigroupCongruences(congs3, congs3) = congs3;
+true
+gap> congs9 := SemigroupCongruence(S, [RMSElement(S, 1, (1, 2, 3, 4), 2),
+>                                      RMSElement(S, 2, (), 2)]);
+<semigroup congruence over <Rees matrix semigroup 2x3 over S4>
+  with linked triple (A4,1,3)>
+gap> cong1 := JoinSemigroupCongruences(congs3, congs9);
+<semigroup congruence over <Rees matrix semigroup 2x3 over S4>
+  with linked triple (A4,1,2)>
+gap> JoinSemigroupCongruences(congs9, congs3) = cong1;
+true
+gap> MeetSemigroupCongruences(cong1, congs9);
+<semigroup congruence over <Rees matrix semigroup 2x3 over S4>
+  with linked triple (A4,1,3)>
+gap> cong1 := MeetSemigroupCongruences(congs3, congs9);
+<semigroup congruence over <Rees matrix semigroup 2x3 over S4>
+  with linked triple (2^2,2,3)>
+gap> MeetSemigroupCongruences(congs9, congs3) = cong1;
+true
+gap> cong1 := SemigroupCongruence(T, []);;
+gap> MeetSemigroupCongruences(congs3, cong1);
+Error, cannot form the meet of congruences over different semigroups
+gap> JoinSemigroupCongruences(congs3, cong1);
+Error, cannot form the join of congruences over different semigroups
+
+# ReesMatCongTest7: Quotients
+gap> congs13 := SemigroupCongruence(S, [[RMSElement(S, 1, (1, 2, 3, 4), 2),
+>                                        RMSElement(S, 2, (), 2)],
+>                                       [RMSElement(S, 1, (1, 3), 1),
+>                                        RMSElement(S, 1, (1, 3)(2, 4), 3)]]);
+<semigroup congruence over <Rees matrix semigroup 2x3 over S4>
+  with linked triple (A4,1,2)>
+gap> q := S / congs13;;
+gap> Size(q);
+4
+
+# ReesMatCongTest9: Universal semigroup congruences
+gap> uni := UniversalSemigroupCongruence(S);
+<universal semigroup congruence over <Rees matrix semigroup 2x3 over S4>>
+gap> [x, z] in uni;
+true
+gap> Length(EquivalenceClasses(uni)) = 1;
+true
+gap> eq := EquivalenceClassOfElement(uni, y);;
+gap> z in eq;
+true
+gap> cong := AsSemigroupCongruenceByGeneratingPairs(uni);;
+gap> Size(S / uni);
+1
+
+# 
+gap> g := SymmetricGroup(4);;
+gap> mat := [[(1, 3), (1, 2)(3, 4)],
+>            [(1, 4, 3, 2), ()],
+>            [(1, 3)(2, 4), (1, 3, 4, 2)]];;
+gap> S := ReesMatrixSemigroup(g, mat);;
+gap> x := RMSElement(S, 2, (1, 3)(2, 4), 3);;
+gap> y := RMSElement(S, 1, (), 3);;
+gap> cong := SemigroupCongruenceByGeneratingPairs(S, [[x, y], [x, x]]);
+<semigroup congruence over <Rees matrix semigroup 2x3 over Sym( [ 1 .. 4 ] )>
+  with linked triple (S4,1,3)>
+
+# Similar tests, but with zero
+# ReesZeroMatCongTest1: Create a Rees 0-matrix semigroup
+gap> g := Group([(1, 4, 5), (1, 5, 3, 4)]);;
+gap> mat := [[0, 0, (1, 4, 5), 0, 0, (1, 4, 3, 5)],
+> [0, (), 0, 0, (3, 5), 0],
+> [(), 0, 0, (3, 5), 0, 0]];;
+gap> S := ReesZeroMatrixSemigroup(g, mat);;
+
+# ReesZeroMatCongTest2: Find all its congruences
+gap> congs := CongruencesOfSemigroup(S);;
+gap> Size(congs);
+33
+
+# CongruencesOfSemigroup: a different RZMS
+gap> g := SymmetricGroup(3);;
+gap> mat := [[0, 0, (1, 3)], [(1, 2, 3), (), (2, 3)], [0, 0, ()]];;
+gap> T := ReesZeroMatrixSemigroup(g, mat);;
+gap> congs1 := CongruencesOfSemigroup(T);;
+gap> Size(congs1);
+13
+gap> EquivalenceRelationCanonicalLookup(congs1[8]);
+[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 1, 6, 7, 8, 1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 5, 9, 10, 11, 
+  9, 3, 4, 6, 7, 6, 7, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 6, 7, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 12, 13, 
+  3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13 ]
+gap> EquivalenceRelationCanonicalLookup(
+> AsSemigroupCongruenceByGeneratingPairs(congs1[8]));
+[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 1, 6, 7, 8, 1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 5, 9, 10, 11, 
+  9, 3, 4, 6, 7, 6, 7, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 6, 7, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 12, 13, 
+  3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13 ]
+
+# ReesZeroMatCongTest3: Construct a congruence manually
+gap> n := Group([(1, 4)(3, 5), (1, 5)(3, 4)]);;
+gap> colBlocks := [[1], [2, 4, 5], [3, 6]];;
+gap> rowBlocks := [[1], [2], [3]];;
+gap> IsLinkedTriple(S, n, colBlocks, rowBlocks);
+false
+gap> colBlocks := [[1], [4], [2, 5], [3, 6]];;
+gap> IsLinkedTriple(S, n, colBlocks, rowBlocks);
+true
+gap> IsLinkedTriple(S, Group([()]), [[1 .. 6]], rowBlocks);
+false
+gap> cong := RZMSCongruenceByLinkedTriple(S, n, colBlocks, rowBlocks);;
+gap> congs12 := SemigroupCongruence(S, [[RMSElement(S, 2, (), 2),
+>                                        RMSElement(S, 5, (3, 5), 2)],
+>                                       [RMSElement(S, 3, (1, 3)(4, 5), 1),
+>                                        RMSElement(S, 3, (), 1)]]);;
+gap> cong = congs12;
+false
+gap> congs13 := SemigroupCongruence(S, [[RMSElement(S, 2, (), 2),
+>                                        RMSElement(S, 5, (3, 5), 2)],
+>                                       [RMSElement(S, 3, (1, 3)(4, 5), 1),
+>                                        RMSElement(S, 3, (), 1)],
+>                                       [RMSElement(S, 3, (1, 5, 4), 1),
+>                                        RMSElement(S, 6, (1, 5, 3, 4), 1)]]);;
+gap> cong = congs13;
+true
+
+# IsSubrelation: with zero
+gap> trivialcong := SemigroupCongruence(S, []);;
+gap> ForAll(congs, x -> IsSubrelation(x, trivialcong));
+true
+gap> ForAll(congs, x -> IsSubrelation(x, x));
+true
+gap> Number(congs, x -> IsSubrelation(UniversalSemigroupCongruence(S), x));
+33
+gap> Number(congs, x -> IsSubrelation(x, UniversalSemigroupCongruence(S)));
+1
+gap> congs19 := SemigroupCongruence(S, [[RMSElement(S, 3, (3, 4, 5), 1),
+>                                        RMSElement(S, 3, (), 1)],
+>                                       [RMSElement(S, 3, (1, 5, 4), 1),
+>                                        RMSElement(S, 6, (1, 5, 3, 4), 1)]]);;
+gap> congs24 := SemigroupCongruence(S, [[RMSElement(S, 1, (), 3),
+>                                        RMSElement(S, 4, (3, 5), 3)],
+>                                       [RMSElement(S, 2, (), 2),
+>                                        RMSElement(S, 5, (3, 5), 2)],
+>                                       [RMSElement(S, 3, (3, 4, 5), 1),
+>                                        RMSElement(S, 3, (), 1)]]);;
+gap> IsSubrelation(congs19, congs24);
+false
+
+# RZMSCongruenceByLinkedTriple: Bad input
+gap> T := ReesZeroMatrixSemigroup(FullTransformationMonoid(3), [[0]]);;
+gap> RZMSCongruenceByLinkedTriple(T, n, colBlocks, rowBlocks);
+Error, the underlying semigroup of the 1st argument (a Rees 0-matrix semigroup\
+) is not a group
+gap> RZMSCongruenceByLinkedTriple(S, SymmetricGroup(3), colBlocks, rowBlocks);
+Error, the 2nd argument (a group) is not a normal subgroup of the underlying s\
+emigroup of the 1st argument (a Rees 0-matrix semigroup)
+gap> RZMSCongruenceByLinkedTriple(S, n, [1, [2]], rowBlocks);
+Error, the 3rd argument is not a list of lists
+gap> RZMSCongruenceByLinkedTriple(S, n, colBlocks, [[1, 2], 3]);
+Error, the 4th argument is not a list of lists
+gap> RZMSCongruenceByLinkedTriple(S, n, [[1], [2, 3]], rowBlocks);
+Error, the 3rd argument (a list of lists) does not partition the columns of th\
+e matrix of the 1st argument (a Rees 0-matrix semigroup)
+gap> RZMSCongruenceByLinkedTriple(S, n, colBlocks, [[1], [2]]);
+Error, the 4th argument (a list of lists) does not partition the columns of th\
+e matrix of the 1st argument (a Rees 0-matrix semigroup)
+gap> RZMSCongruenceByLinkedTriple(S, n, colBlocks, [[1], [2, 3]]);
+Error, invalid triple
+
+# ReesZeroMatCongTest4: Testing membership
+gap> x := ReesZeroMatrixSemigroupElement(S, 3, (4, 5), 1);;
+gap> y := ReesZeroMatrixSemigroupElement(S, 3, (1, 5, 3, 4), 1);;
+gap> z := ReesZeroMatrixSemigroupElement(S, 1, (1, 3, 5), 2);;
+gap> t := ReesZeroMatrixSemigroupElement(T, 1, Transformation([2, 1]), 1);;
+gap> zero := MultiplicativeZero(S);
+0
+gap> [x, y] in cong;
+true
+gap> [x, z] in cong;
+false
+gap> y := ReesZeroMatrixSemigroupElement(S, 6, (1, 3, 5), 1);;
+gap> [x, y] in cong;
+true
+gap> [x] in cong;
+Error, the 1st argument (a list) does not have length 2
+gap> [x, y, z] in cong;
+Error, the 1st argument (a list) does not have length 2
+gap> [t, t] in cong;
+Error, the items in the 1st argument (a list) do not all belong to the range o\
+f the 2nd argument (a 2-sided semigroup congruence)
+gap> [x, x] in cong;
+true
+gap> [zero, zero] in cong;
+true
+gap> [x, zero] in cong;
+false
+gap> ims := ImagesElm(cong, t);
+Error, the 2nd argument (an element of a Rees 0-matrix semigroup) does not bel\
+ong to the range of the 1st argument (a congruence)
+gap> ims := ImagesElm(cong, zero);
+[ 0 ]
+
+# ReesZeroMatCongTest5: Equivalence classes
+gap> class0 := EquivalenceClassOfElement(cong, zero);
+<2-sided congruence class of 0>
+gap> class0!.nCoset;
+0
+gap> HasSize(class0);
+false
+gap> Size(class0);
+1
+gap> Representative(class0);
+0
+gap> classes := EquivalenceClasses(cong);;
+gap> Size(classes) = NrEquivalenceClasses(cong);
+true
+gap> class1 := EquivalenceClassOfElement(cong, x);;
+gap> class2 := EquivalenceClassOfElement(cong, y);;
+gap> class3 := EquivalenceClassOfElement(cong, z);
+<2-sided congruence class of (1,(1,3,5),2)>
+gap> EquivalenceClassOfElement(cong, t);
+Error, the 2nd argument (a mult. elt.) does not belong to the range of the 1st\
+ argument (a 2-sided congruence)
+gap> congs12 := SemigroupCongruence(S, [[RMSElement(S, 2, (), 2),
+>                                        RMSElement(S, 5, (3, 5), 2)],
+>                                       [RMSElement(S, 3, (1, 3)(4, 5), 1),
+>                                        RMSElement(S, 3, (), 1)]]);;
+gap> classother := EquivalenceClassOfElement(congs12, x);;
+gap> class1 = class2;
+true
+gap> class1 = class3;
+false
+gap> y in class1;
+true
+gap> x in class3;
+false
+gap> class1 = classes[38];
+true
+gap> congs13 := SemigroupCongruence(S, [[RMSElement(S, 2, (), 2),
+>                                        RMSElement(S, 5, (3, 5), 2)],
+>                                       [RMSElement(S, 3, (1, 3)(4, 5), 1),
+>                                        RMSElement(S, 3, (), 1)],
+>                                       [RMSElement(S, 3, (1, 5, 4), 1),
+>                                        RMSElement(S, 6, (1, 5, 3, 4), 1)]]);;
+gap> nCoset := RightCoset(congs13!.n, (1, 5));;
+gap> class := RZMSCongruenceClassByLinkedTriple(congs13, nCoset, 3, 2);;
+gap> class = classes[44];
+true
+gap> classes[45] * classes[4] = classes[73];  # 0 class
+true
+gap> classes[28] * classes[32] = classes[36];  # non-0 class
+true
+gap> classes[28] * classes[32] = classes[15];
+false
+gap> classes[28] * [classes[32], classes[73]] = [classes[36], class0];
+true
+gap> class1 * classother;
+Error, the arguments (cong. classes) are not classes of the same congruence
+gap> Size(classes[13]);
+4
+gap> Size(classes[72]);
+4
+gap> Size(classes[73]);
+1
+gap> Size(class0);
+1
+gap> MultiplicativeZero(S) in class0;
+true
+gap> x in class0;
+false
+gap> Enumerator(classes[13]);
+[ (1,(),3), (1,(1,4)(3,5),3), (1,(1,5)(3,4),3), (1,(1,3)(4,5),3) ]
+
+# RZMSCongruenceClassByLinkedTriple: bad input
+gap> badCoset := RightCoset(SymmetricGroup(6), (1, 5, 4));;
+gap> class := RZMSCongruenceClassByLinkedTriple(congs13, badCoset, 3, 2);;
+Error, the 2nd argument (a right coset) is not a coset of the normal subgroup \
+of defining the 1st argument (a congruence)
+gap> class := RZMSCongruenceClassByLinkedTriple(congs13, nCoset, 7, 2);;
+Error, the 3rd argument (a pos. int.) is out of range
+gap> class := RZMSCongruenceClassByLinkedTriple(congs13, nCoset, 3, 42);;
+Error, the 4th argument (a pos. int.) is out of range
+
+# ReesZeroMatCongTest6: Join and meet congruences
+gap> congs12 := SemigroupCongruence(S, [[RMSElement(S, 2, (), 2),
+>                                        RMSElement(S, 5, (3, 5), 2)],
+>                                       [RMSElement(S, 3, (1, 3)(4, 5), 1),
+>                                        RMSElement(S, 3, (), 1)]]);;
+gap> congs31 := SemigroupCongruence(S,
+> [[RMSElement(S, 1, (), 3), RMSElement(S, 4, (3, 5), 3)],
+>  [RMSElement(S, 3, (4, 5), 1), RMSElement(S, 3, (), 1)],
+>  [RMSElement(S, 3, (1, 5, 4), 1), RMSElement(S, 6, (1, 5, 3, 4), 1)]]);;
+gap> cong1 := JoinSemigroupCongruences(congs12, congs31);;
+gap> cong1 = JoinSemigroupCongruences(congs31, congs12);
+true
+gap> cong1 := MeetSemigroupCongruences(congs12, congs31);;
+gap> cong1 = MeetSemigroupCongruences(congs31, congs12);
+true
+gap> JoinSemigroupCongruences(congs[3], congs1[2]);
+Error, cannot form the join of congruences over different semigroups
+gap> MeetSemigroupCongruences(congs[3], congs1[2]);
+Error, cannot form the meet of congruences over different semigroups
+
+# ReesZeroMatCongTest7: Quotients
+gap> congs13 := SemigroupCongruence(S,
+> [[RMSElement(S, 2, (), 2), RMSElement(S, 5, (3, 5), 2)],
+>  [RMSElement(S, 3, (1, 3)(4, 5), 1), RMSElement(S, 3, (), 1)],
+>  [RMSElement(S, 3, (1, 5, 4), 1), RMSElement(S, 6, (1, 5, 3, 4), 1)]]);;
+gap> q := S / congs13;;
+gap> Size(q);
+73
+
+# IsSubrelation: bad input (with zero)
+gap> g := SymmetricGroup(4);;
+gap> mat := [[(), (1, 2)(3, 4)],
+>            [(), ()],
+>            [(2, 4), (1, 3, 4, 2)]];;
+gap> T := ReesZeroMatrixSemigroup(g, mat);;
+gap> n := Group([(2, 4, 3), (1, 4)(2, 3), (1, 3)(2, 4)]);;
+gap> colBlocks := [[1, 2]];;
+gap> rowBlocks := [[1], [2, 3]];;
+gap> cong2 := RZMSCongruenceByLinkedTriple(T, n, colBlocks, rowBlocks);;
+gap> IsSubrelation(cong2, congs[3]);
+Error, the 1st and 2nd arguments are congruences over different semigroups
+
+# ReesZeroMatCongTest9: Universal semigroup congruences
+gap> uni := UniversalSemigroupCongruence(S);;
+gap> [x, z] in uni;
+true
+gap> Length(EquivalenceClasses(uni)) = 1 and
+>   (Representative(EquivalenceClasses(uni)[1]) = RMSElement(S, 1, (1, 4, 5), 3)
+> or Representative(EquivalenceClasses(uni)[1]) =
+>   RMSElement(S, 1, (), 1));  # the first is after 4.7.7 the latter before
+true
+gap> eq := EquivalenceClassOfElement(uni, y);
+<2-sided congruence class of (6,(1,3,5),1)>
+gap> eq := EquivalenceClassOfElement(uni, y);;
+gap> z in eq;
+true
+gap> cong := AsSemigroupCongruenceByGeneratingPairs(uni);;
+gap> cong = uni;
+true
+gap> Size(S / uni);
+1
+
+# CongruencesOfSemigroup: another example
+gap> g := Group([(1, 4, 5), (1, 5, 3, 4)]);;
+gap> StructureDescription(g);
+"S4"
+gap> mat := [[0, (4, 5), (3, 4), (1, 4, 3), 0],
+>            [0, (1, 3, 5, 4), (1, 5, 3), (), 0],
+>            [(), 0, (1, 5), (), (1, 4, 3)],
+>            [0, (1, 4, 3), (), (4, 5), 0]];;
+gap> S := ReesZeroMatrixSemigroup(g, mat);;
+gap> congs := CongruencesOfSemigroup(S);;
+gap> Size(congs);
+29
+gap> congs7 := SemigroupCongruence(S,
+> [RMSElement(S, 2, (4, 5), 1), RMSElement(S, 2, (1, 3, 4), 4)]);
+<semigroup congruence over <Rees 0-matrix semigroup 5x4 over S4>
+  with linked triple (A4,5,3)>
+gap> congs25 := SemigroupCongruence(S,
+> [[RMSElement(S, 1, (), 3), RMSElement(S, 5, (1, 3, 4), 3)],
+>  [RMSElement(S, 3, (), 4), RMSElement(S, 4, (4, 5), 4)]]);
+<semigroup congruence over <Rees 0-matrix semigroup 5x4 over S4>
+  with linked triple (S4,3,4)>
+gap> cong1 := JoinSemigroupCongruences(congs7, congs25);
+<semigroup congruence over <Rees 0-matrix semigroup 5x4 over S4>
+  with linked triple (S4,3,3)>
+gap> cong1 = JoinSemigroupCongruences(congs25, congs7);
+true
+gap> cong1 := MeetSemigroupCongruences(congs7, congs25);
+<semigroup congruence over <Rees 0-matrix semigroup 5x4 over S4>
+  with linked triple (A4,5,4)>
+gap> cong1 = MeetSemigroupCongruences(congs25, congs7);
+true
+gap> congs9 := SemigroupCongruence(S,
+> [[RMSElement(S, 1, (), 3), RMSElement(S, 5, (1, 3, 4), 3)],
+>  [RMSElement(S, 2, (4, 5), 1), RMSElement(S, 2, (1, 3, 4), 4)]]);
+<semigroup congruence over <Rees 0-matrix semigroup 5x4 over S4>
+  with linked triple (A4,4,3)>
+gap> congs28 := RZMSCongruenceByLinkedTriple(S, g, [[1, 5], [2], [3, 4]],
+> [[1, 2, 4], [3]]);
+<semigroup congruence over <Rees 0-matrix semigroup 5x4 over S4>
+  with linked triple (S4,3,2)>
+gap> congs28 = SemigroupCongruence(S,
+> GeneratingPairsOfMagmaCongruence(congs28));
+true
+gap> MeetSemigroupCongruences(congs9, congs28);
+<semigroup congruence over <Rees 0-matrix semigroup 5x4 over S4>
+  with linked triple (A4,4,3)>
+gap> cong := AsSemigroupCongruenceByGeneratingPairs(congs9);;
+gap> cong = congs9;
+true
+
+# AsRZMSCongruenceByLinkedTriple
+gap> g := Group([(1, 4, 5), (1, 5, 3, 4)]);;
+gap> StructureDescription(g);
+"S4"
+gap> mat := [[0, (4, 5), (3, 4), (1, 4, 3), 0],
+>            [0, (1, 3, 5, 4), (1, 5, 3), (), 0],
+>            [(), 0, (1, 5), (), (1, 4, 3)],
+>            [0, (1, 4, 3), (), (4, 5), 0]];;
+gap> S := ReesZeroMatrixSemigroup(g, mat);;
+gap> x := RMSElement(S, 5, (3, 4), 2);;
+gap> y := RMSElement(S, 1, (), 4);;
+gap> cong := SemigroupCongruenceByGeneratingPairs(S, [[x, y], [x, x]]);
+<semigroup congruence over <Rees 0-matrix semigroup 5x4 over S4>
+  with linked triple (S4,4,3)>
+gap> IsUniversalSemigroupCongruence(cong);
+false
+
+# IsLinkedTriple: bad input
+gap> g := Group([(1, 4, 5), (1, 5, 3, 4)]);;
+gap> mat := [[0, 0, (1, 4, 5), 0, 0, (1, 4, 3, 5)],
+> [0, (), 0, 0, (3, 5), 0],
+> [0, 0, 0, (3, 5), 0, 0]];;
+gap> S := ReesZeroMatrixSemigroup(g, mat);;
+gap> IsLinkedTriple(S, SymmetricGroup(4), [], [[1]]);
+Error, the 1st argument (a Rees 0-matrix semigroup) is not 0-simple
+gap> g := Semigroup([Transformation([1, 3, 2]),
+>                    Transformation([2, 2, 1])]);;
+gap> mat := [[Transformation([1, 3, 2]), Transformation([2, 2, 2])],
+>            [Transformation([1, 3, 2]), Transformation([3, 1, 3])]];;
+gap> S := ReesMatrixSemigroup(g, mat);;
+gap> IsLinkedTriple(S, SymmetricGroup(2), [], [[1]]);
+Error, the 1st argument (a Rees matrix semigroup) is not simple
+
+# ReesCongTest6: Enumerator
+gap> s := Semigroup([Transformation([1, 1, 3, 1, 3]),
+>                      Transformation([2, 1, 2, 2, 2]),
+>                      Transformation([3, 1, 3, 2, 4])]);;
+gap> i := SemigroupIdeal(s, Transformation([1, 1, 1, 3, 1]));;
+gap> cong := ReesCongruenceOfSemigroupIdeal(i);;
+gap> class := EquivalenceClassOfElement(cong, Transformation([3, 3, 3, 3, 3]));;
+gap> enum := Enumerator(class);;
+gap> Size(enum);
+5
+gap> class := EquivalenceClassOfElement(cong, Transformation([2, 2, 2, 1, 2]));;
+gap> enum := Enumerator(class);
+[ Transformation( [ 2, 2, 2, 1, 2 ] ) ]
+gap> Size(enum);
+1
+
+# Code coverage
+gap> G := FreeGroup(1);
+<free group on the generators [ f1 ]>
+gap> S := ReesMatrixSemigroup(G, [[One(G)]]);
+<Rees matrix semigroup 1x1 over <free group on the generators [ f1 ]>>
+gap> IsLinkedTriple(S, G, [], []);
+Error, the 1st argument (a Rees matrix semigroup) is not finite
+gap> S := ReesZeroMatrixSemigroup(G, [[One(G)]]);
+<Rees 0-matrix semigroup 1x1 over <free group on the generators [ f1 ]>>
+gap> IsLinkedTriple(S, G, [], []);
+Error, the 1st argument (a Rees 0-matrix semigroup) is not finite
+
+# Representative for RZMSCongruenceClassByLinkedTriple 
+gap> G := Group([(1, 4, 5), (1, 5, 3, 4)]);;
+gap> mat := [[0, 0, (1, 4, 5), 0, 0, (1, 4, 3, 5)],
+>            [0, (), 0, 0, (3, 5), 0],
+>            [(), 0, 0, (3, 5), 0, 0]];;
+gap> S := ReesZeroMatrixSemigroup(G, mat);;
+gap> N := Group([(1, 4)(3, 5), (1, 5)(3, 4)]);;
+gap> colBlocks := [[1], [2, 5], [3, 6], [4]];;
+gap> rowBlocks := [[1], [2], [3]];;
+gap> cong := RZMSCongruenceByLinkedTriple(S, N, colBlocks, rowBlocks);;
+gap> Representative(RZMSCongruenceClassByLinkedTriple(cong,
+> RightCoset(N, (1, 5)), 2, 3));
+(2,(3,4),3)
+
+# Representative for RMSCongruenceClassByLinkedTriple
+gap> G := Group([(1, 4, 5), (1, 5, 3, 4)]);;
+gap> mat := [[(), (), (1, 4, 5), (), (), (1, 4, 3, 5)],
+>            [(), (), (), (), (3, 5), ()],
+>            [(), (), (), (3, 5), (), ()]];;
+gap> S := ReesZeroMatrixSemigroup(G, mat);;
+gap> colBlocks := [[1, 6], [2], [3], [4], [5]];
+[ [ 1, 6 ], [ 2 ], [ 3 ], [ 4 ], [ 5 ] ]
+gap> rowBlocks := [[1], [2], [3]];;
+gap> cong := RMSCongruenceByLinkedTriple(S, G, colBlocks, rowBlocks);;
+gap> Representative(RMSCongruenceClassByLinkedTriple(cong,
+> RightCoset(G, (1, 5)), 2, 3));
+(2,(),3)
+
+#
+gap> SEMIGROUPS.StopTest();
+gap> STOP_TEST("Semigroups package: standard/congruences/congrms.tst");