okstra 0.108.0 → 0.109.0

package/runtime/python/okstra_vendor/networkx/algorithms/approximation/tests/test_traveling_salesman.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1014 @@
+"""Unit tests for the traveling_salesman module."""
+
+import random
+
+import pytest
+
+import networkx as nx
+import networkx.algorithms.approximation as nx_app
+
+pairwise = nx.utils.pairwise
+
+
+def test_christofides_hamiltonian():
+    random.seed(42)
+    G = nx.complete_graph(20)
+    for u, v in G.edges():
+        G[u][v]["weight"] = random.randint(0, 10)
+
+    H = nx.Graph()
+    H.add_edges_from(pairwise(nx_app.christofides(G)))
+    H.remove_edges_from(nx.find_cycle(H))
+    assert len(H.edges) == 0
+
+    tree = nx.minimum_spanning_tree(G, weight="weight")
+    H = nx.Graph()
+    H.add_edges_from(pairwise(nx_app.christofides(G, tree)))
+    H.remove_edges_from(nx.find_cycle(H))
+    assert len(H.edges) == 0
+
+
+def test_christofides_incomplete_graph():
+    G = nx.complete_graph(10)
+    G.remove_edge(0, 1)
+    pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, nx_app.christofides, G)
+
+
+def test_christofides_ignore_selfloops():
+    G = nx.complete_graph(5)
+    G.add_edge(3, 3)
+    cycle = nx_app.christofides(G)
+    assert len(cycle) - 1 == len(G) == len(set(cycle))
+
+
+# set up graphs for other tests
+class TestBase:
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        cls.DG = nx.DiGraph()
+        cls.DG.add_weighted_edges_from(
+            {
+                ("A", "B", 3),
+                ("A", "C", 17),
+                ("A", "D", 14),
+                ("B", "A", 3),
+                ("B", "C", 12),
+                ("B", "D", 16),
+                ("C", "A", 13),
+                ("C", "B", 12),
+                ("C", "D", 4),
+                ("D", "A", 14),
+                ("D", "B", 15),
+                ("D", "C", 2),
+            }
+        )
+        cls.DG_cycle = ["D", "C", "B", "A", "D"]
+        cls.DG_cost = 31.0
+
+        cls.DG2 = nx.DiGraph()
+        cls.DG2.add_weighted_edges_from(
+            {
+                ("A", "B", 3),
+                ("A", "C", 17),
+                ("A", "D", 14),
+                ("B", "A", 30),
+                ("B", "C", 2),
+                ("B", "D", 16),
+                ("C", "A", 33),
+                ("C", "B", 32),
+                ("C", "D", 34),
+                ("D", "A", 14),
+                ("D", "B", 15),
+                ("D", "C", 2),
+            }
+        )
+        cls.DG2_cycle = ["D", "A", "B", "C", "D"]
+        cls.DG2_cost = 53.0
+
+        cls.unweightedUG = nx.complete_graph(5, nx.Graph())
+        cls.unweightedDG = nx.complete_graph(5, nx.DiGraph())
+
+        cls.incompleteUG = nx.Graph()
+        cls.incompleteUG.add_weighted_edges_from({(0, 1, 1), (1, 2, 3)})
+        cls.incompleteDG = nx.DiGraph()
+        cls.incompleteDG.add_weighted_edges_from({(0, 1, 1), (1, 2, 3)})
+
+        cls.UG = nx.Graph()
+        cls.UG.add_weighted_edges_from(
+            {
+                ("A", "B", 3),
+                ("A", "C", 17),
+                ("A", "D", 14),
+                ("B", "C", 12),
+                ("B", "D", 16),
+                ("C", "D", 4),
+            }
+        )
+        cls.UG_cycle = ["D", "C", "B", "A", "D"]
+        cls.UG_cost = 33.0
+
+        cls.UG2 = nx.Graph()
+        cls.UG2.add_weighted_edges_from(
+            {
+                ("A", "B", 1),
+                ("A", "C", 15),
+                ("A", "D", 5),
+                ("B", "C", 16),
+                ("B", "D", 8),
+                ("C", "D", 3),
+            }
+        )
+        cls.UG2_cycle = ["D", "C", "B", "A", "D"]
+        cls.UG2_cost = 25.0
+
+
+def validate_solution(soln, cost, exp_soln, exp_cost):
+    assert soln == exp_soln
+    assert cost == exp_cost
+
+
+def validate_symmetric_solution(soln, cost, exp_soln, exp_cost):
+    assert soln == exp_soln or soln == exp_soln[::-1]
+    assert cost == exp_cost
+
+
+class TestGreedyTSP(TestBase):
+    def test_greedy(self):
+        cycle = nx_app.greedy_tsp(self.DG, source="D")
+        cost = sum(self.DG[n][nbr]["weight"] for n, nbr in pairwise(cycle))
+        validate_solution(cycle, cost, ["D", "C", "B", "A", "D"], 31.0)
+
+        cycle = nx_app.greedy_tsp(self.DG2, source="D")
+        cost = sum(self.DG2[n][nbr]["weight"] for n, nbr in pairwise(cycle))
+        validate_solution(cycle, cost, ["D", "C", "B", "A", "D"], 78.0)
+
+        cycle = nx_app.greedy_tsp(self.UG, source="D")
+        cost = sum(self.UG[n][nbr]["weight"] for n, nbr in pairwise(cycle))
+        validate_solution(cycle, cost, ["D", "C", "B", "A", "D"], 33.0)
+
+        cycle = nx_app.greedy_tsp(self.UG2, source="D")
+        cost = sum(self.UG2[n][nbr]["weight"] for n, nbr in pairwise(cycle))
+        validate_solution(cycle, cost, ["D", "C", "A", "B", "D"], 27.0)
+
+    def test_not_complete_graph(self):
+        pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, nx_app.greedy_tsp, self.incompleteUG)
+        pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, nx_app.greedy_tsp, self.incompleteDG)
+
+    def test_not_weighted_graph(self):
+        nx_app.greedy_tsp(self.unweightedUG)
+        nx_app.greedy_tsp(self.unweightedDG)
+
+    def test_two_nodes(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_weighted_edges_from({(1, 2, 1)})
+        cycle = nx_app.greedy_tsp(G)
+        cost = sum(G[n][nbr]["weight"] for n, nbr in pairwise(cycle))
+        validate_solution(cycle, cost, [1, 2, 1], 2)
+
+    def test_ignore_selfloops(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(5)
+        G.add_edge(3, 3)
+        cycle = nx_app.greedy_tsp(G)
+        assert len(cycle) - 1 == len(G) == len(set(cycle))
+
+
+class TestSimulatedAnnealingTSP(TestBase):
+    tsp = staticmethod(nx_app.simulated_annealing_tsp)
+
+    def test_simulated_annealing_directed(self):
+        cycle = self.tsp(self.DG, "greedy", source="D", seed=42)
+        cost = sum(self.DG[n][nbr]["weight"] for n, nbr in pairwise(cycle))
+        validate_solution(cycle, cost, self.DG_cycle, self.DG_cost)
+
+        initial_sol = ["D", "B", "A", "C", "D"]
+        cycle = self.tsp(self.DG, initial_sol, source="D", seed=42)
+        cost = sum(self.DG[n][nbr]["weight"] for n, nbr in pairwise(cycle))
+        validate_solution(cycle, cost, self.DG_cycle, self.DG_cost)
+
+        initial_sol = ["D", "A", "C", "B", "D"]
+        cycle = self.tsp(self.DG, initial_sol, move="1-0", source="D", seed=42)
+        cost = sum(self.DG[n][nbr]["weight"] for n, nbr in pairwise(cycle))
+        validate_solution(cycle, cost, self.DG_cycle, self.DG_cost)
+
+        cycle = self.tsp(self.DG2, "greedy", source="D", seed=42)
+        cost = sum(self.DG2[n][nbr]["weight"] for n, nbr in pairwise(cycle))
+        validate_solution(cycle, cost, self.DG2_cycle, self.DG2_cost)
+
+        cycle = self.tsp(self.DG2, "greedy", move="1-0", source="D", seed=42)
+        cost = sum(self.DG2[n][nbr]["weight"] for n, nbr in pairwise(cycle))
+        validate_solution(cycle, cost, self.DG2_cycle, self.DG2_cost)
+
+    def test_simulated_annealing_undirected(self):
+        cycle = self.tsp(self.UG, "greedy", source="D", seed=42)
+        cost = sum(self.UG[n][nbr]["weight"] for n, nbr in pairwise(cycle))
+        validate_solution(cycle, cost, self.UG_cycle, self.UG_cost)
+
+        cycle = self.tsp(self.UG2, "greedy", source="D", seed=42)
+        cost = sum(self.UG2[n][nbr]["weight"] for n, nbr in pairwise(cycle))
+        validate_symmetric_solution(cycle, cost, self.UG2_cycle, self.UG2_cost)
+
+        cycle = self.tsp(self.UG2, "greedy", move="1-0", source="D", seed=42)
+        cost = sum(self.UG2[n][nbr]["weight"] for n, nbr in pairwise(cycle))
+        validate_symmetric_solution(cycle, cost, self.UG2_cycle, self.UG2_cost)
+
+    def test_error_on_input_order_mistake(self):
+        # see issue #4846 https://github.com/networkx/networkx/issues/4846
+        pytest.raises(TypeError, self.tsp, self.UG, weight="weight")
+        pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, self.tsp, self.UG, "weight")
+
+    def test_not_complete_graph(self):
+        pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, self.tsp, self.incompleteUG, "greedy", source=0)
+        pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, self.tsp, self.incompleteDG, "greedy", source=0)
+
+    def test_ignore_selfloops(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(5)
+        G.add_edge(3, 3)
+        cycle = self.tsp(G, "greedy")
+        assert len(cycle) - 1 == len(G) == len(set(cycle))
+
+    def test_not_weighted_graph(self):
+        self.tsp(self.unweightedUG, "greedy")
+        self.tsp(self.unweightedDG, "greedy")
+
+    def test_two_nodes(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_weighted_edges_from({(1, 2, 1)})
+
+        cycle = self.tsp(G, "greedy", source=1, seed=42)
+        cost = sum(G[n][nbr]["weight"] for n, nbr in pairwise(cycle))
+        validate_solution(cycle, cost, [1, 2, 1], 2)
+
+        cycle = self.tsp(G, [1, 2, 1], source=1, seed=42)
+        cost = sum(G[n][nbr]["weight"] for n, nbr in pairwise(cycle))
+        validate_solution(cycle, cost, [1, 2, 1], 2)
+
+    def test_failure_of_costs_too_high_when_iterations_low(self):
+        # Simulated Annealing Version:
+        # set number of moves low and alpha high
+        cycle = self.tsp(
+            self.DG2, "greedy", source="D", move="1-0", alpha=1, N_inner=1, seed=42
+        )
+        cost = sum(self.DG2[n][nbr]["weight"] for n, nbr in pairwise(cycle))
+        assert cost > self.DG2_cost
+
+        # Try with an incorrect initial guess
+        initial_sol = ["D", "A", "B", "C", "D"]
+        cycle = self.tsp(
+            self.DG,
+            initial_sol,
+            source="D",
+            move="1-0",
+            alpha=0.1,
+            N_inner=1,
+            max_iterations=1,
+            seed=42,
+        )
+        cost = sum(self.DG[n][nbr]["weight"] for n, nbr in pairwise(cycle))
+        assert cost > self.DG_cost
+
+
+class TestThresholdAcceptingTSP(TestSimulatedAnnealingTSP):
+    tsp = staticmethod(nx_app.threshold_accepting_tsp)
+
+    def test_failure_of_costs_too_high_when_iterations_low(self):
+        # Threshold Version:
+        # set number of moves low and number of iterations low
+        cycle = self.tsp(
+            self.DG2,
+            "greedy",
+            source="D",
+            move="1-0",
+            N_inner=1,
+            max_iterations=1,
+            seed=4,
+        )
+        cost = sum(self.DG2[n][nbr]["weight"] for n, nbr in pairwise(cycle))
+        assert cost > self.DG2_cost
+
+        # set threshold too low
+        initial_sol = ["D", "A", "B", "C", "D"]
+        cycle = self.tsp(
+            self.DG, initial_sol, source="D", move="1-0", threshold=-3, seed=42
+        )
+        cost = sum(self.DG[n][nbr]["weight"] for n, nbr in pairwise(cycle))
+        assert cost > self.DG_cost
+
+
+# Tests for function traveling_salesman_problem
+def test_TSP_method():
+    G = nx.cycle_graph(9)
+    G[4][5]["weight"] = 10
+
+    # Test using the old currying method
+    def sa_tsp(G, weight):
+        return nx_app.simulated_annealing_tsp(G, "greedy", weight, source=4, seed=1)
+
+    path = nx_app.traveling_salesman_problem(
+        G,
+        method=sa_tsp,
+        cycle=False,
+    )
+    assert path == [4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 8, 7, 6, 5]
+
+
+def test_TSP_unweighted():
+    G = nx.cycle_graph(9)
+    path = nx_app.traveling_salesman_problem(G, nodes=[3, 6], cycle=False)
+    assert path in ([3, 4, 5, 6], [6, 5, 4, 3])
+
+    cycle = nx_app.traveling_salesman_problem(G, nodes=[3, 6])
+    assert cycle in ([3, 4, 5, 6, 5, 4, 3], [6, 5, 4, 3, 4, 5, 6])
+
+
+def test_TSP_weighted():
+    G = nx.cycle_graph(9)
+    G[0][1]["weight"] = 2
+    G[1][2]["weight"] = 2
+    G[2][3]["weight"] = 2
+    G[3][4]["weight"] = 4
+    G[4][5]["weight"] = 5
+    G[5][6]["weight"] = 4
+    G[6][7]["weight"] = 2
+    G[7][8]["weight"] = 2
+    G[8][0]["weight"] = 2
+    tsp = nx_app.traveling_salesman_problem
+
+    # path between 3 and 6
+    expected_paths = ([3, 2, 1, 0, 8, 7, 6], [6, 7, 8, 0, 1, 2, 3])
+    # cycle between 3 and 6
+    expected_cycles = (
+        [3, 2, 1, 0, 8, 7, 6, 7, 8, 0, 1, 2, 3],
+        [6, 7, 8, 0, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 0, 8, 7, 6],
+    )
+    # path through all nodes
+    expected_tourpaths = ([5, 6, 7, 8, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4], [4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 8, 7, 6, 5])
+
+    # Check default method
+    cycle = tsp(G, nodes=[3, 6], weight="weight")
+    assert cycle in expected_cycles
+
+    path = tsp(G, nodes=[3, 6], weight="weight", cycle=False)
+    assert path in expected_paths
+
+    tourpath = tsp(G, weight="weight", cycle=False)
+    assert tourpath in expected_tourpaths
+
+    # Check all methods
+    methods = [
+        (nx_app.christofides, {}),
+        (nx_app.greedy_tsp, {}),
+        (
+            nx_app.simulated_annealing_tsp,
+            {"init_cycle": "greedy"},
+        ),
+        (
+            nx_app.threshold_accepting_tsp,
+            {"init_cycle": "greedy"},
+        ),
+    ]
+    for method, kwargs in methods:
+        cycle = tsp(G, nodes=[3, 6], weight="weight", method=method, **kwargs)
+        assert cycle in expected_cycles
+
+        path = tsp(
+            G, nodes=[3, 6], weight="weight", method=method, cycle=False, **kwargs
+        )
+        assert path in expected_paths
+
+        tourpath = tsp(G, weight="weight", method=method, cycle=False, **kwargs)
+        assert tourpath in expected_tourpaths
+
+
+def test_TSP_incomplete_graph_short_path():
+    G = nx.cycle_graph(9)
+    G.add_edges_from([(4, 9), (9, 10), (10, 11), (11, 0)])
+    G[4][5]["weight"] = 5
+
+    cycle = nx_app.traveling_salesman_problem(G)
+    assert len(cycle) == 17 and len(set(cycle)) == 12
+
+    # make sure that cutting one edge out of complete graph formulation
+    # cuts out many edges out of the path of the TSP
+    path = nx_app.traveling_salesman_problem(G, cycle=False)
+    assert len(path) == 13 and len(set(path)) == 12
+
+
+def test_TSP_alternate_weight():
+    G = nx.complete_graph(9)
+    G[0][1]["weight"] = 2
+    G[1][2]["weight"] = 2
+    G[2][3]["weight"] = 2
+    G[3][4]["weight"] = 4
+    G[4][5]["weight"] = 5
+    G[5][6]["weight"] = 4
+    G[6][7]["weight"] = 2
+    G[7][8]["weight"] = 2
+    G[8][0]["weight"] = 2
+
+    H = nx.complete_graph(9)
+    H[0][1]["distance"] = 2
+    H[1][2]["distance"] = 2
+    H[2][3]["distance"] = 2
+    H[3][4]["distance"] = 4
+    H[4][5]["distance"] = 5
+    H[5][6]["distance"] = 4
+    H[6][7]["distance"] = 2
+    H[7][8]["distance"] = 2
+    H[8][0]["distance"] = 2
+
+    assert nx_app.traveling_salesman_problem(
+        G, weight="weight"
+    ) == nx_app.traveling_salesman_problem(H, weight="distance")
+
+
+def test_held_karp_ascent():
+    """
+    Test the Held-Karp relaxation with the ascent method
+    """
+    import networkx.algorithms.approximation.traveling_salesman as tsp
+
+    np = pytest.importorskip("numpy")
+    pytest.importorskip("scipy")
+
+    # Adjacency matrix from page 1153 of the 1970 Held and Karp paper
+    # which have been edited to be directional, but also symmetric
+    G_array = np.array(
+        [
+            [0, 97, 60, 73, 17, 52],
+            [97, 0, 41, 52, 90, 30],
+            [60, 41, 0, 21, 35, 41],
+            [73, 52, 21, 0, 95, 46],
+            [17, 90, 35, 95, 0, 81],
+            [52, 30, 41, 46, 81, 0],
+        ]
+    )
+
+    solution_edges = [(1, 3), (2, 4), (3, 2), (4, 0), (5, 1), (0, 5)]
+
+    G = nx.from_numpy_array(G_array, create_using=nx.DiGraph)
+    opt_hk, z_star = tsp.held_karp_ascent(G)
+
+    # Check that the optimal weights are the same
+    assert round(opt_hk, 2) == 207.00
+    # Check that the z_stars are the same
+    solution = nx.DiGraph()
+    solution.add_edges_from(solution_edges)
+    # Use undirected edges for `edges_equal` because the graph is symmetric.
+    assert nx.utils.edges_equal(z_star.edges, solution.edges)
+
+
+def test_ascent_fractional_solution():
+    """
+    Test the ascent method using a modified version of Figure 2 on page 1140
+    in 'The Traveling Salesman Problem and Minimum Spanning Trees' by Held and
+    Karp
+    """
+    import networkx.algorithms.approximation.traveling_salesman as tsp
+
+    np = pytest.importorskip("numpy")
+    pytest.importorskip("scipy")
+
+    # This version of Figure 2 has all of the edge weights multiplied by 100
+    # and is a complete directed graph with infinite edge weights for the
+    # edges not listed in the original graph
+    G_array = np.array(
+        [
+            [0, 100, 100, 100000, 100000, 1],
+            [100, 0, 100, 100000, 1, 100000],
+            [100, 100, 0, 1, 100000, 100000],
+            [100000, 100000, 1, 0, 100, 100],
+            [100000, 1, 100000, 100, 0, 100],
+            [1, 100000, 100000, 100, 100, 0],
+        ]
+    )
+
+    solution_z_star = {
+        (0, 1): 5 / 12,
+        (0, 2): 5 / 12,
+        (0, 5): 5 / 6,
+        (1, 0): 5 / 12,
+        (1, 2): 1 / 3,
+        (1, 4): 5 / 6,
+        (2, 0): 5 / 12,
+        (2, 1): 1 / 3,
+        (2, 3): 5 / 6,
+        (3, 2): 5 / 6,
+        (3, 4): 1 / 3,
+        (3, 5): 1 / 2,
+        (4, 1): 5 / 6,
+        (4, 3): 1 / 3,
+        (4, 5): 1 / 2,
+        (5, 0): 5 / 6,
+        (5, 3): 1 / 2,
+        (5, 4): 1 / 2,
+    }
+
+    G = nx.from_numpy_array(G_array, create_using=nx.DiGraph)
+    opt_hk, z_star = tsp.held_karp_ascent(G)
+
+    # Check that the optimal weights are the same
+    assert round(opt_hk, 2) == 303.00
+    # Check that the z_stars are the same
+    assert {key: round(z_star[key], 4) for key in z_star} == {
+        key: round(solution_z_star[key], 4) for key in solution_z_star
+    }
+
+
+def test_ascent_method_asymmetric():
+    """
+    Tests the ascent method using a truly asymmetric graph for which the
+    solution has been brute forced
+    """
+    import networkx.algorithms.approximation.traveling_salesman as tsp
+
+    np = pytest.importorskip("numpy")
+    pytest.importorskip("scipy")
+
+    G_array = np.array(
+        [
+            [0, 26, 63, 59, 69, 31, 41],
+            [62, 0, 91, 53, 75, 87, 47],
+            [47, 82, 0, 90, 15, 9, 18],
+            [68, 19, 5, 0, 58, 34, 93],
+            [11, 58, 53, 55, 0, 61, 79],
+            [88, 75, 13, 76, 98, 0, 40],
+            [41, 61, 55, 88, 46, 45, 0],
+        ]
+    )
+
+    solution_edges = [(0, 1), (1, 3), (3, 2), (2, 5), (5, 6), (4, 0), (6, 4)]
+
+    G = nx.from_numpy_array(G_array, create_using=nx.DiGraph)
+    opt_hk, z_star = tsp.held_karp_ascent(G)
+
+    # Check that the optimal weights are the same
+    assert round(opt_hk, 2) == 190.00
+    # Check that the z_stars match.
+    solution = nx.DiGraph()
+    solution.add_edges_from(solution_edges)
+    assert nx.utils.edges_equal(z_star.edges, solution.edges, directed=True)
+
+
+def test_ascent_method_asymmetric_2():
+    """
+    Tests the ascent method using a truly asymmetric graph for which the
+    solution has been brute forced
+    """
+    import networkx.algorithms.approximation.traveling_salesman as tsp
+
+    np = pytest.importorskip("numpy")
+    pytest.importorskip("scipy")
+
+    G_array = np.array(
+        [
+            [0, 45, 39, 92, 29, 31],
+            [72, 0, 4, 12, 21, 60],
+            [81, 6, 0, 98, 70, 53],
+            [49, 71, 59, 0, 98, 94],
+            [74, 95, 24, 43, 0, 47],
+            [56, 43, 3, 65, 22, 0],
+        ]
+    )
+
+    solution_edges = [(0, 5), (5, 4), (1, 3), (3, 0), (2, 1), (4, 2)]
+
+    G = nx.from_numpy_array(G_array, create_using=nx.DiGraph)
+    opt_hk, z_star = tsp.held_karp_ascent(G)
+
+    # Check that the optimal weights are the same
+    assert round(opt_hk, 2) == 144.00
+    # Check that the z_stars match.
+    solution = nx.DiGraph()
+    solution.add_edges_from(solution_edges)
+    assert nx.utils.edges_equal(z_star.edges, solution.edges, directed=True)
+
+
+def test_held_karp_ascent_asymmetric_3():
+    """
+    Tests the ascent method using a truly asymmetric graph with a fractional
+    solution for which the solution has been brute forced.
+
+    In this graph their are two different optimal, integral solutions (which
+    are also the overall atsp solutions) to the Held Karp relaxation. However,
+    this particular graph has two different tours of optimal value and the
+    possible solutions in the held_karp_ascent function are not stored in an
+    ordered data structure.
+    """
+    import networkx.algorithms.approximation.traveling_salesman as tsp
+
+    np = pytest.importorskip("numpy")
+    pytest.importorskip("scipy")
+
+    G_array = np.array(
+        [
+            [0, 1, 5, 2, 7, 4],
+            [7, 0, 7, 7, 1, 4],
+            [4, 7, 0, 9, 2, 1],
+            [7, 2, 7, 0, 4, 4],
+            [5, 5, 4, 4, 0, 3],
+            [3, 9, 1, 3, 4, 0],
+        ]
+    )
+
+    solution1_edges = [(0, 3), (1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 1), (4, 2), (5, 0)]
+
+    solution2_edges = [(0, 3), (3, 1), (1, 4), (4, 5), (2, 0), (5, 2)]
+
+    G = nx.from_numpy_array(G_array, create_using=nx.DiGraph)
+    opt_hk, z_star = tsp.held_karp_ascent(G)
+
+    assert round(opt_hk, 2) == 13.00
+    # Check that the z_stars are the same
+    solution1 = nx.DiGraph()
+    solution1.add_edges_from(solution1_edges)
+    solution2 = nx.DiGraph()
+    solution2.add_edges_from(solution2_edges)
+    assert nx.utils.edges_equal(
+        z_star.edges, solution1.edges, directed=True
+    ) or nx.utils.edges_equal(z_star.edges, solution2.edges, directed=True)
+
+
+def test_held_karp_ascent_fractional_asymmetric():
+    """
+    Tests the ascent method using a truly asymmetric graph with a fractional
+    solution for which the solution has been brute forced
+    """
+    import networkx.algorithms.approximation.traveling_salesman as tsp
+
+    np = pytest.importorskip("numpy")
+    pytest.importorskip("scipy")
+
+    G_array = np.array(
+        [
+            [0, 100, 150, 100000, 100000, 1],
+            [150, 0, 100, 100000, 1, 100000],
+            [100, 150, 0, 1, 100000, 100000],
+            [100000, 100000, 1, 0, 150, 100],
+            [100000, 2, 100000, 100, 0, 150],
+            [2, 100000, 100000, 150, 100, 0],
+        ]
+    )
+
+    solution_z_star = {
+        (0, 1): 5 / 12,
+        (0, 2): 5 / 12,
+        (0, 5): 5 / 6,
+        (1, 0): 5 / 12,
+        (1, 2): 5 / 12,
+        (1, 4): 5 / 6,
+        (2, 0): 5 / 12,
+        (2, 1): 5 / 12,
+        (2, 3): 5 / 6,
+        (3, 2): 5 / 6,
+        (3, 4): 5 / 12,
+        (3, 5): 5 / 12,
+        (4, 1): 5 / 6,
+        (4, 3): 5 / 12,
+        (4, 5): 5 / 12,
+        (5, 0): 5 / 6,
+        (5, 3): 5 / 12,
+        (5, 4): 5 / 12,
+    }
+
+    G = nx.from_numpy_array(G_array, create_using=nx.DiGraph)
+    opt_hk, z_star = tsp.held_karp_ascent(G)
+
+    # Check that the optimal weights are the same
+    assert round(opt_hk, 2) == 304.00
+    # Check that the z_stars are the same
+    assert {key: round(z_star[key], 4) for key in z_star} == {
+        key: round(solution_z_star[key], 4) for key in solution_z_star
+    }
+
+
+def test_spanning_tree_distribution():
+    """
+    Test that we can create an exponential distribution of spanning trees such
+    that the probability of each tree is proportional to the product of edge
+    weights.
+
+    Results of this test have been confirmed with hypothesis testing from the
+    created distribution.
+
+    This test uses the symmetric, fractional Held Karp solution.
+    """
+    import networkx.algorithms.approximation.traveling_salesman as tsp
+
+    pytest.importorskip("numpy")
+    pytest.importorskip("scipy")
+
+    z_star = {
+        (0, 1): 5 / 12,
+        (0, 2): 5 / 12,
+        (0, 5): 5 / 6,
+        (1, 0): 5 / 12,
+        (1, 2): 1 / 3,
+        (1, 4): 5 / 6,
+        (2, 0): 5 / 12,
+        (2, 1): 1 / 3,
+        (2, 3): 5 / 6,
+        (3, 2): 5 / 6,
+        (3, 4): 1 / 3,
+        (3, 5): 1 / 2,
+        (4, 1): 5 / 6,
+        (4, 3): 1 / 3,
+        (4, 5): 1 / 2,
+        (5, 0): 5 / 6,
+        (5, 3): 1 / 2,
+        (5, 4): 1 / 2,
+    }
+
+    solution_gamma = {
+        (0, 1): -0.6383,
+        (0, 2): -0.6827,
+        (0, 5): 0,
+        (1, 2): -1.0781,
+        (1, 4): 0,
+        (2, 3): 0,
+        (5, 3): -0.2820,
+        (5, 4): -0.3327,
+        (4, 3): -0.9927,
+    }
+
+    # The undirected support of z_star
+    G = nx.MultiGraph()
+    for u, v in z_star:
+        if (u, v) in G.edges or (v, u) in G.edges:
+            continue
+        G.add_edge(u, v)
+
+    gamma = tsp.spanning_tree_distribution(G, z_star)
+
+    assert {key: round(gamma[key], 4) for key in gamma} == solution_gamma
+
+
+def test_asadpour_tsp():
+    """
+    Test the complete asadpour tsp algorithm with the fractional, symmetric
+    Held Karp solution. This test also uses an incomplete graph as input.
+    """
+    # This version of Figure 2 has all of the edge weights multiplied by 100
+    # and the 0 weight edges have a weight of 1.
+    pytest.importorskip("numpy")
+    pytest.importorskip("scipy")
+
+    edge_list = [
+        (0, 1, 100),
+        (0, 2, 100),
+        (0, 5, 1),
+        (1, 2, 100),
+        (1, 4, 1),
+        (2, 3, 1),
+        (3, 4, 100),
+        (3, 5, 100),
+        (4, 5, 100),
+        (1, 0, 100),
+        (2, 0, 100),
+        (5, 0, 1),
+        (2, 1, 100),
+        (4, 1, 1),
+        (3, 2, 1),
+        (4, 3, 100),
+        (5, 3, 100),
+        (5, 4, 100),
+    ]
+
+    G = nx.DiGraph()
+    G.add_weighted_edges_from(edge_list)
+
+    tour = nx_app.traveling_salesman_problem(
+        G, weight="weight", method=nx_app.asadpour_atsp, seed=19
+    )
+
+    # Check that the returned list is a valid tour. Because this is an
+    # incomplete graph, the conditions are not as strict. We need the tour to
+    #
+    #   Start and end at the same node
+    #   Pass through every vertex at least once
+    #   Have a total cost at most ln(6) / ln(ln(6)) = 3.0723 times the optimal
+    #
+    # For the second condition it is possible to have the tour pass through the
+    # same vertex more then. Imagine that the tour on the complete version takes
+    # an edge not in the original graph. In the output this is substituted with
+    # the shortest path between those vertices, allowing vertices to appear more
+    # than once.
+    #
+    # Even though we are using a fixed seed, multiple tours have been known to
+    # be returned. The first two are from the original development of this test,
+    # and the third one from issue #5913 on GitHub. If other tours are returned,
+    # add it on the list of expected tours.
+    expected_tours = [
+        [1, 4, 5, 0, 2, 3, 2, 1],
+        [3, 2, 0, 1, 4, 5, 3],
+        [3, 2, 1, 0, 5, 4, 3],
+    ]
+
+    assert tour in expected_tours
+
+
+def test_asadpour_real_world():
+    """
+    This test uses airline prices between the six largest cities in the US.
+
+        * New York City -> JFK
+        * Los Angeles -> LAX
+        * Chicago -> ORD
+        * Houston -> IAH
+        * Phoenix -> PHX
+        * Philadelphia -> PHL
+
+    Flight prices from August 2021 using Delta or American airlines to get
+    nonstop flight. The brute force solution found the optimal tour to cost $872
+
+    This test also uses the `source` keyword argument to ensure that the tour
+    always starts at city 0.
+    """
+    np = pytest.importorskip("numpy")
+    pytest.importorskip("scipy")
+
+    G_array = np.array(
+        [
+            # JFK  LAX  ORD  IAH  PHX  PHL
+            [0, 243, 199, 208, 169, 183],  # JFK
+            [277, 0, 217, 123, 127, 252],  # LAX
+            [297, 197, 0, 197, 123, 177],  # ORD
+            [303, 169, 197, 0, 117, 117],  # IAH
+            [257, 127, 160, 117, 0, 319],  # PHX
+            [183, 332, 217, 117, 319, 0],  # PHL
+        ]
+    )
+
+    node_list = ["JFK", "LAX", "ORD", "IAH", "PHX", "PHL"]
+
+    expected_tours = [
+        ["JFK", "LAX", "PHX", "ORD", "IAH", "PHL", "JFK"],
+        ["JFK", "ORD", "PHX", "LAX", "IAH", "PHL", "JFK"],
+    ]
+
+    G = nx.from_numpy_array(G_array, nodelist=node_list, create_using=nx.DiGraph)
+
+    tour = nx_app.traveling_salesman_problem(
+        G, weight="weight", method=nx_app.asadpour_atsp, seed=37, source="JFK"
+    )
+
+    assert tour in expected_tours
+
+
+def test_asadpour_real_world_path():
+    """
+    This test uses airline prices between the six largest cities in the US. This
+    time using a path, not a cycle.
+
+        * New York City -> JFK
+        * Los Angeles -> LAX
+        * Chicago -> ORD
+        * Houston -> IAH
+        * Phoenix -> PHX
+        * Philadelphia -> PHL
+
+    Flight prices from August 2021 using Delta or American airlines to get
+    nonstop flight. The brute force solution found the optimal tour to cost $872
+    """
+    np = pytest.importorskip("numpy")
+    pytest.importorskip("scipy")
+
+    G_array = np.array(
+        [
+            # JFK  LAX  ORD  IAH  PHX  PHL
+            [0, 243, 199, 208, 169, 183],  # JFK
+            [277, 0, 217, 123, 127, 252],  # LAX
+            [297, 197, 0, 197, 123, 177],  # ORD
+            [303, 169, 197, 0, 117, 117],  # IAH
+            [257, 127, 160, 117, 0, 319],  # PHX
+            [183, 332, 217, 117, 319, 0],  # PHL
+        ]
+    )
+
+    node_list = ["JFK", "LAX", "ORD", "IAH", "PHX", "PHL"]
+
+    expected_paths = [
+        ["ORD", "PHX", "LAX", "IAH", "PHL", "JFK"],
+        ["JFK", "PHL", "IAH", "ORD", "PHX", "LAX"],
+    ]
+
+    G = nx.from_numpy_array(G_array, nodelist=node_list, create_using=nx.DiGraph)
+
+    path = nx_app.traveling_salesman_problem(
+        G, weight="weight", cycle=False, method=nx_app.asadpour_atsp, seed=56
+    )
+
+    assert path in expected_paths
+
+
+def test_asadpour_disconnected_graph():
+    """
+    Test that the proper exception is raised when asadpour_atsp is given an
+    disconnected graph.
+    """
+
+    G = nx.complete_graph(4, create_using=nx.DiGraph)
+    # have to set edge weights so that if the exception is not raised, the
+    # function will complete and we will fail the test
+    nx.set_edge_attributes(G, 1, "weight")
+    G.add_node(5)
+
+    pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, nx_app.asadpour_atsp, G)
+
+
+def test_asadpour_incomplete_graph():
+    """
+    Test that the proper exception is raised when asadpour_atsp is given an
+    incomplete graph
+    """
+
+    G = nx.complete_graph(4, create_using=nx.DiGraph)
+    # have to set edge weights so that if the exception is not raised, the
+    # function will complete and we will fail the test
+    nx.set_edge_attributes(G, 1, "weight")
+    G.remove_edge(0, 1)
+
+    pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, nx_app.asadpour_atsp, G)
+
+
+def test_asadpour_empty_graph():
+    """
+    Test the asadpour_atsp function with an empty graph
+    """
+    G = nx.DiGraph()
+
+    pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, nx_app.asadpour_atsp, G)
+
+
+def test_asadpour_small_graphs():
+    # 1 node
+    G = nx.path_graph(1, create_using=nx.DiGraph)
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, match="at least two nodes"):
+        nx_app.asadpour_atsp(G)
+
+    # 2 nodes
+    G = nx.DiGraph()
+    G.add_weighted_edges_from([(0, 1, 7), (1, 0, 8)])
+    assert nx_app.asadpour_atsp(G) in [[0, 1], [1, 0]]
+    assert nx_app.asadpour_atsp(G, source=1) == [1, 0]
+    assert nx_app.asadpour_atsp(G, source=0) == [0, 1]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.slow
+def test_asadpour_integral_held_karp():
+    """
+    This test uses an integral held karp solution and the held karp function
+    will return a graph rather than a dict, bypassing most of the asadpour
+    algorithm.
+
+    At first glance, this test probably doesn't look like it ensures that we
+    skip the rest of the asadpour algorithm, but it does. We are not fixing a
+    see for the random number generator, so if we sample any spanning trees
+    the approximation would be different basically every time this test is
+    executed but it is not since held karp is deterministic and we do not
+    reach the portion of the code with the dependence on random numbers.
+    """
+    np = pytest.importorskip("numpy")
+
+    G_array = np.array(
+        [
+            [0, 26, 63, 59, 69, 31, 41],
+            [62, 0, 91, 53, 75, 87, 47],
+            [47, 82, 0, 90, 15, 9, 18],
+            [68, 19, 5, 0, 58, 34, 93],
+            [11, 58, 53, 55, 0, 61, 79],
+            [88, 75, 13, 76, 98, 0, 40],
+            [41, 61, 55, 88, 46, 45, 0],
+        ]
+    )
+
+    G = nx.from_numpy_array(G_array, create_using=nx.DiGraph)
+
+    for _ in range(2):
+        tour = nx_app.traveling_salesman_problem(G, method=nx_app.asadpour_atsp)
+
+        assert [1, 3, 2, 5, 2, 6, 4, 0, 1] == tour
+
+
+def test_directed_tsp_impossible():
+    """
+    Test the asadpour algorithm with a graph without a hamiltonian circuit
+    """
+    pytest.importorskip("numpy")
+
+    # In this graph, once we leave node 0 we cannot return
+    edges = [
+        (0, 1, 10),
+        (0, 2, 11),
+        (0, 3, 12),
+        (1, 2, 4),
+        (1, 3, 6),
+        (2, 1, 3),
+        (2, 3, 2),
+        (3, 1, 5),
+        (3, 2, 1),
+    ]
+
+    G = nx.DiGraph()
+    G.add_weighted_edges_from(edges)
+
+    pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, nx_app.traveling_salesman_problem, G)