bmad-plus 0.7.5 → 0.9.0

package/src/bmad-plus/packs/pack-shield/references/cis-controls/implementation-guidance.md

@@ -1,235 +1,235 @@
-# CIS Controls v8 — Implementation Guidance
-
-## Getting Started: The Prioritization Principle
-
-The CIS Controls are deliberately ordered by impact. Research consistently shows that implementing Controls 1–6 (the foundational six) eliminates the vast majority of cyber risk:
-
-- **Controls 1–2** (Inventory): You can't protect what you don't know you have
-- **Controls 3–6** (Protective): Prevent the most common attack paths
-- **Control 7** (Vulnerability Management): Continuously reduce attack surface
-- **Controls 8–18** (Detect, Respond, Recover): Build operational security capability
-
-Start with IG1 completely before moving to IG2. IG1 is the minimum acceptable baseline for any organization.
-
----
-
-## Implementation Group 1 (IG1) — Essential Cyber Hygiene
-
-**Target audience:** Organizations with limited IT resources, small teams, commercially available products
-**Goal:** Defend against opportunistic, non-targeted attacks (the majority of incidents affecting small organizations)
-
-### IG1 Quick-Start Checklist (56 Safeguards)
-
-**Week 1-2: Know Your Assets**
-- [ ] Create hardware asset inventory (all computers, servers, printers, network devices) — Safeguard 1.1
-- [ ] Create software inventory (all installed applications) — Safeguard 2.1
-- [ ] Document all user accounts — Safeguard 5.1
-- [ ] Document all data types and where they are stored — Safeguard 3.2
-
-**Week 3-4: Secure Configuration**
-- [ ] Enable host-based firewall on all workstations and servers — Safeguards 4.4, 4.5
-- [ ] Set screen lock timeout to 15 minutes — Safeguard 4.3
-- [ ] Change all default passwords on network devices, routers, and systems — Safeguard 4.7
-- [ ] Enable full-disk encryption on all laptops — Safeguard 3.6
-
-**Month 2: Account and Access Controls**
-- [ ] Enforce strong password policy (14+ characters) — Safeguard 5.2
-- [ ] Separate admin accounts from day-to-day user accounts — Safeguard 5.4
-- [ ] Disable accounts unused for 90+ days — Safeguard 5.3
-- [ ] Define and document access request/revoke process — Safeguards 6.1, 6.2
-
-**Month 2: Patch Management**
-- [ ] Enable automatic OS updates on all endpoints — Safeguard 7.3
-- [ ] Enable automatic application updates (browsers, Office, etc.) — Safeguard 7.4
-- [ ] Define a remediation SLA (e.g., critical patches within 15 days) — Safeguard 7.2
-
-**Month 3: Backups, Training, Incident Response**
-- [ ] Implement automated, tested backups (3-2-1 rule) — Safeguard 11.2, 11.4
-- [ ] Conduct security awareness training for all employees — Safeguard 14.1, 14.2
-- [ ] Document a basic incident response procedure — Safeguard 17.4
-- [ ] Enable and retain basic audit logs (auth events, admin actions) — Safeguards 8.1, 8.2
-
----
-
-## Implementation Group 2 (IG2) — Intermediate Controls
-
-**Target audience:** Organizations with dedicated IT staff, sensitive data, moderate risk tolerance
-**Goal:** Defend against more sophisticated, targeted attacks; comply with common regulatory frameworks
-
-### Key IG2 Additions Beyond IG1
-
-**MFA Everywhere (Control 6)**
-- Deploy MFA on all externally accessible systems (VPN, webmail, SaaS, remote access) — Safeguard 6.3
-- Require MFA for administrative access — Safeguard 6.5
-- Phishing-resistant MFA (FIDO2/hardware keys) for privileged users
-
-**Application Allowlisting (Control 2)**
-- Implement application allowlisting via Microsoft AppLocker, WDAC, or Carbon Black
-- Allowlist approved scripts (PowerShell Constrained Language Mode) — Safeguard 2.7
-- Block unauthorized DLLs and libraries — Safeguard 2.6
-
-**Vulnerability Scanning (Control 7)**
-- Deploy authenticated vulnerability scanner (Nessus, Qualys, Tenable, Rapid7)
-- Weekly authenticated scans of all internal assets — Safeguard 7.5
-- Monthly scans of external attack surface — Safeguard 7.6
-- Track and remediate findings per SLA — Safeguard 7.7
-
-**SIEM and Log Centralization (Control 8)**
-- Deploy SIEM or log aggregation platform — Safeguard 8.9
-- Collect: Windows event logs (4624, 4625, 4648, 4720, 4728), Linux auth.log, firewall deny logs, DNS, VPN — Safeguard 8.5
-- Retain logs for minimum 12 months — Safeguard 8.10
-- Enable NTP synchronization across all assets — Safeguard 8.4
-
-**Email Security (Control 9)**
-- Implement DMARC policy (start with p=none monitoring, move to p=quarantine/reject) — Safeguard 9.5
-- Deploy email filtering with sandboxing — Safeguard 9.7
-- Block dangerous attachment types (.exe, .js, .vbs, .bat, .macro-enabled Office) — Safeguard 9.6
-
-**EDR/Next-Gen AV (Control 10)**
-- Replace signature-only AV with EDR/XDR (CrowdStrike, SentinelOne, Microsoft Defender for Endpoint) — Safeguard 10.7
-- Enable behavioral analysis and memory protection — Safeguard 10.5
-
-**Network Architecture (Control 12)**
-- Segment network by function (servers, workstations, IoT, guest Wi-Fi) — Safeguard 12.2
-- Implement DMZ for externally accessible services — Safeguard 12.2
-- Deploy Next-Gen Firewall with deep packet inspection — Safeguard 12.2
-
-**Vendor Risk Management (Control 15)**
-- Classify all service providers by data access and criticality — Safeguard 15.3
-- Include security requirements in all vendor contracts — Safeguard 15.4
-- Conduct annual vendor risk assessments for critical suppliers — Safeguard 15.5
-
----
-
-## Implementation Group 3 (IG3) — Advanced Controls
-
-**Target audience:** Large enterprises with security teams, sensitive regulated data, high-value targets
-**Goal:** Defend against sophisticated, persistent adversaries; maintain continuous security operations
-
-### Key IG3 Capabilities
-
-**Penetration Testing (Control 18)**
-- External pen test: Annual minimum; quarterly for high-risk targets — Safeguard 18.2
-- Internal pen test: Semi-annual — Safeguard 18.5
-- Red team exercises with full adversary simulation — beyond base CIS scope
-- Purple team exercises — combine red team and SOC for knowledge transfer
-
-**Advanced Network Defense (Control 13)**
-- Deploy Network Detection and Response (NDR/NTA) solution — Safeguard 13.3
-- Implement SOAR for automated incident response playbooks
-- HIPS on all servers — Safeguard 13.7
-- Tune SIEM alert thresholds to reduce false positives — Safeguard 13.11
-- Threat hunting program: proactive analysis for unknown threats
-
-**Application Security (Control 16)**
-- SAST integrated into CI/CD pipeline (pre-commit, PR gate) — Safeguard 16.12
-- DAST for deployed applications (OWASP ZAP, Burp Suite) — Safeguard 16.12
-- SCA for third-party components (Snyk, Black Duck) — related to 16.5
-- Threat modeling for new features and applications — Safeguard 16.14
-- Bug bounty program or responsible disclosure policy — related to 16.4
-
-**Data Protection (Control 3)**
-- Deploy DLP across email, endpoints, and cloud — Safeguard 3.13
-- Segment data stores by sensitivity — Safeguard 3.12
-- Log all access to sensitive data — Safeguard 3.14
-
----
-
-## Common Implementation Pitfalls
-
-### Pitfall 1: Skipping IG1 to implement IG2/IG3 Controls
-**Problem:** Organizations try to deploy SIEM before they know what assets they have
-**Solution:** Complete IG1 systematically before advancing. Asset inventory (Controls 1-2) is the foundation for everything else.
-
-### Pitfall 2: Treating CIS Controls as a checklist, not a program
-**Problem:** Point-in-time compliance; controls drift over time
-**Solution:** Build operational processes: scheduled scans, monthly reporting, quarterly reviews, annual assessments
-
-### Pitfall 3: Ignoring cloud assets
-**Problem:** Cloud VMs, SaaS apps, cloud storage not included in inventory or scans
-**Solution:** CIS Controls v8 explicitly addresses cloud assets — include in all inventories; use CSPM tools (Wiz, Prisma, Defender for Cloud)
-
-### Pitfall 4: MFA deployment gaps
-**Problem:** MFA enabled on some systems but not others; SMS OTP used for privileged access
-**Solution:** Comprehensive MFA inventory; phishing-resistant MFA for privileged and external access
-
-### Pitfall 5: Log collection without review
-**Problem:** SIEM deployed but alerts are not actioned; logs retained but never searched
-**Solution:** Define alert response procedures; staff SOC or use MDR service; weekly log review as minimum
-
-### Pitfall 6: Patch management without vulnerability scanning
-**Problem:** Patching OS only; missing application and firmware vulnerabilities
-**Solution:** Authenticated vulnerability scanning to identify all missing patches, misconfigurations, and CVEs
-
----
-
-## Metrics and KPIs for CIS Controls
-
-### IG1 KPIs
-| Metric | Target | Frequency |
-|--------|--------|-----------|
-| % assets in inventory | ≥ 95% | Monthly |
-| % endpoints with current AV | 100% | Weekly |
-| % endpoints with disk encryption | 100% | Monthly |
-| Critical patches applied within SLA | ≥ 95% | Monthly |
-| % accounts with strong passwords | 100% | Quarterly |
-| Backup test success rate | 100% | Quarterly |
-
-### IG2 KPIs
-| Metric | Target | Frequency |
-|--------|--------|-----------|
-| % external systems with MFA | 100% | Monthly |
-| Mean Time to Patch (MTTP) — Critical | ≤ 15 days | Monthly |
-| Mean Time to Patch (MTTP) — High | ≤ 30 days | Monthly |
-| SIEM alert response rate | ≥ 90% actioned | Weekly |
-| Phishing click rate (simulation) | ≤ 5% | Quarterly |
-| Vendor assessments completed | 100% of critical | Annual |
-
-### IG3 KPIs
-| Metric | Target | Frequency |
-|--------|--------|-----------|
-| Pen test critical findings remediated | 100% within 30 days | After test |
-| Mean Time to Detect (MTTD) | ≤ 24 hours | Monthly |
-| Mean Time to Respond (MTTR) | ≤ 4 hours for P1 | Monthly |
-| SAST scan coverage | 100% of repos | Per commit |
-| DLP policy violation rate | Trending down | Monthly |
-
----
-
-## CIS CSAT Tool
-
-The **CIS Controls Self-Assessment Tool (CSAT)** is a free web-based platform from CIS:
-- URL: https://csat.cisecurity.org/
-- Maps to all 153 safeguards
-- Generates maturity scores and prioritized gap reports
-- Supports team collaboration and tracking
-- Produces executive summary reports
-
-**CIS SecureSuite Membership** provides access to additional resources:
-- CIS Benchmarks (configuration hardening guides for 100+ technologies)
-- CIS-CAT Pro (automated configuration assessment tool)
-- CIS RAM (Risk Assessment Method)
-- Priority and quick-start guides by sector
-
----
-
-## Industry-Specific Guidance
-
-### Healthcare (HIPAA alignment)
-- Priority: Controls 3 (PHI data protection), 6 (access control), 8 (audit logging), 17 (incident response)
-- IG2 minimum for any covered entity or business associate
-- Map CIS Controls to HIPAA Security Rule safeguards
-
-### Finance (PCI DSS / GLBA alignment)
-- Priority: Controls 3, 6, 8, 12, 16 for cardholder data environments
-- IG2 minimum; IG3 for large financial institutions
-- CIS Controls v8 maps closely to PCI DSS v4.0 requirements
-
-### Government (FISMA / CMMC alignment)
-- Priority: Full IG2 implementation for CMMC Level 2; IG3 elements for CMMC Level 3
-- CIS Controls map to NIST SP 800-171 requirements used in CMMC
-- Essential Eight (Australian cyber) aligns with CIS Controls 1-10
-
-### Education (FERPA alignment)
-- Priority: Controls 1-7 for student data protection
-- IG1 minimum for K-12; IG2 for higher education with research data
+# CIS Controls v8 — Implementation Guidance
+
+## Getting Started: The Prioritization Principle
+
+The CIS Controls are deliberately ordered by impact. Research consistently shows that implementing Controls 1–6 (the foundational six) eliminates the vast majority of cyber risk:
+
+- **Controls 1–2** (Inventory): You can't protect what you don't know you have
+- **Controls 3–6** (Protective): Prevent the most common attack paths
+- **Control 7** (Vulnerability Management): Continuously reduce attack surface
+- **Controls 8–18** (Detect, Respond, Recover): Build operational security capability
+
+Start with IG1 completely before moving to IG2. IG1 is the minimum acceptable baseline for any organization.
+
+---
+
+## Implementation Group 1 (IG1) — Essential Cyber Hygiene
+
+**Target audience:** Organizations with limited IT resources, small teams, commercially available products
+**Goal:** Defend against opportunistic, non-targeted attacks (the majority of incidents affecting small organizations)
+
+### IG1 Quick-Start Checklist (56 Safeguards)
+
+**Week 1-2: Know Your Assets**
+- [ ] Create hardware asset inventory (all computers, servers, printers, network devices) — Safeguard 1.1
+- [ ] Create software inventory (all installed applications) — Safeguard 2.1
+- [ ] Document all user accounts — Safeguard 5.1
+- [ ] Document all data types and where they are stored — Safeguard 3.2
+
+**Week 3-4: Secure Configuration**
+- [ ] Enable host-based firewall on all workstations and servers — Safeguards 4.4, 4.5
+- [ ] Set screen lock timeout to 15 minutes — Safeguard 4.3
+- [ ] Change all default passwords on network devices, routers, and systems — Safeguard 4.7
+- [ ] Enable full-disk encryption on all laptops — Safeguard 3.6
+
+**Month 2: Account and Access Controls**
+- [ ] Enforce strong password policy (14+ characters) — Safeguard 5.2
+- [ ] Separate admin accounts from day-to-day user accounts — Safeguard 5.4
+- [ ] Disable accounts unused for 90+ days — Safeguard 5.3
+- [ ] Define and document access request/revoke process — Safeguards 6.1, 6.2
+
+**Month 2: Patch Management**
+- [ ] Enable automatic OS updates on all endpoints — Safeguard 7.3
+- [ ] Enable automatic application updates (browsers, Office, etc.) — Safeguard 7.4
+- [ ] Define a remediation SLA (e.g., critical patches within 15 days) — Safeguard 7.2
+
+**Month 3: Backups, Training, Incident Response**
+- [ ] Implement automated, tested backups (3-2-1 rule) — Safeguard 11.2, 11.4
+- [ ] Conduct security awareness training for all employees — Safeguard 14.1, 14.2
+- [ ] Document a basic incident response procedure — Safeguard 17.4
+- [ ] Enable and retain basic audit logs (auth events, admin actions) — Safeguards 8.1, 8.2
+
+---
+
+## Implementation Group 2 (IG2) — Intermediate Controls
+
+**Target audience:** Organizations with dedicated IT staff, sensitive data, moderate risk tolerance
+**Goal:** Defend against more sophisticated, targeted attacks; comply with common regulatory frameworks
+
+### Key IG2 Additions Beyond IG1
+
+**MFA Everywhere (Control 6)**
+- Deploy MFA on all externally accessible systems (VPN, webmail, SaaS, remote access) — Safeguard 6.3
+- Require MFA for administrative access — Safeguard 6.5
+- Phishing-resistant MFA (FIDO2/hardware keys) for privileged users
+
+**Application Allowlisting (Control 2)**
+- Implement application allowlisting via Microsoft AppLocker, WDAC, or Carbon Black
+- Allowlist approved scripts (PowerShell Constrained Language Mode) — Safeguard 2.7
+- Block unauthorized DLLs and libraries — Safeguard 2.6
+
+**Vulnerability Scanning (Control 7)**
+- Deploy authenticated vulnerability scanner (Nessus, Qualys, Tenable, Rapid7)
+- Weekly authenticated scans of all internal assets — Safeguard 7.5
+- Monthly scans of external attack surface — Safeguard 7.6
+- Track and remediate findings per SLA — Safeguard 7.7
+
+**SIEM and Log Centralization (Control 8)**
+- Deploy SIEM or log aggregation platform — Safeguard 8.9
+- Collect: Windows event logs (4624, 4625, 4648, 4720, 4728), Linux auth.log, firewall deny logs, DNS, VPN — Safeguard 8.5
+- Retain logs for minimum 12 months — Safeguard 8.10
+- Enable NTP synchronization across all assets — Safeguard 8.4
+
+**Email Security (Control 9)**
+- Implement DMARC policy (start with p=none monitoring, move to p=quarantine/reject) — Safeguard 9.5
+- Deploy email filtering with sandboxing — Safeguard 9.7
+- Block dangerous attachment types (.exe, .js, .vbs, .bat, .macro-enabled Office) — Safeguard 9.6
+
+**EDR/Next-Gen AV (Control 10)**
+- Replace signature-only AV with EDR/XDR (CrowdStrike, SentinelOne, Microsoft Defender for Endpoint) — Safeguard 10.7
+- Enable behavioral analysis and memory protection — Safeguard 10.5
+
+**Network Architecture (Control 12)**
+- Segment network by function (servers, workstations, IoT, guest Wi-Fi) — Safeguard 12.2
+- Implement DMZ for externally accessible services — Safeguard 12.2
+- Deploy Next-Gen Firewall with deep packet inspection — Safeguard 12.2
+
+**Vendor Risk Management (Control 15)**
+- Classify all service providers by data access and criticality — Safeguard 15.3
+- Include security requirements in all vendor contracts — Safeguard 15.4
+- Conduct annual vendor risk assessments for critical suppliers — Safeguard 15.5
+
+---
+
+## Implementation Group 3 (IG3) — Advanced Controls
+
+**Target audience:** Large enterprises with security teams, sensitive regulated data, high-value targets
+**Goal:** Defend against sophisticated, persistent adversaries; maintain continuous security operations
+
+### Key IG3 Capabilities
+
+**Penetration Testing (Control 18)**
+- External pen test: Annual minimum; quarterly for high-risk targets — Safeguard 18.2
+- Internal pen test: Semi-annual — Safeguard 18.5
+- Red team exercises with full adversary simulation — beyond base CIS scope
+- Purple team exercises — combine red team and SOC for knowledge transfer
+
+**Advanced Network Defense (Control 13)**
+- Deploy Network Detection and Response (NDR/NTA) solution — Safeguard 13.3
+- Implement SOAR for automated incident response playbooks
+- HIPS on all servers — Safeguard 13.7
+- Tune SIEM alert thresholds to reduce false positives — Safeguard 13.11
+- Threat hunting program: proactive analysis for unknown threats
+
+**Application Security (Control 16)**
+- SAST integrated into CI/CD pipeline (pre-commit, PR gate) — Safeguard 16.12
+- DAST for deployed applications (OWASP ZAP, Burp Suite) — Safeguard 16.12
+- SCA for third-party components (Snyk, Black Duck) — related to 16.5
+- Threat modeling for new features and applications — Safeguard 16.14
+- Bug bounty program or responsible disclosure policy — related to 16.4
+
+**Data Protection (Control 3)**
+- Deploy DLP across email, endpoints, and cloud — Safeguard 3.13
+- Segment data stores by sensitivity — Safeguard 3.12
+- Log all access to sensitive data — Safeguard 3.14
+
+---
+
+## Common Implementation Pitfalls
+
+### Pitfall 1: Skipping IG1 to implement IG2/IG3 Controls
+**Problem:** Organizations try to deploy SIEM before they know what assets they have
+**Solution:** Complete IG1 systematically before advancing. Asset inventory (Controls 1-2) is the foundation for everything else.
+
+### Pitfall 2: Treating CIS Controls as a checklist, not a program
+**Problem:** Point-in-time compliance; controls drift over time
+**Solution:** Build operational processes: scheduled scans, monthly reporting, quarterly reviews, annual assessments
+
+### Pitfall 3: Ignoring cloud assets
+**Problem:** Cloud VMs, SaaS apps, cloud storage not included in inventory or scans
+**Solution:** CIS Controls v8 explicitly addresses cloud assets — include in all inventories; use CSPM tools (Wiz, Prisma, Defender for Cloud)
+
+### Pitfall 4: MFA deployment gaps
+**Problem:** MFA enabled on some systems but not others; SMS OTP used for privileged access
+**Solution:** Comprehensive MFA inventory; phishing-resistant MFA for privileged and external access
+
+### Pitfall 5: Log collection without review
+**Problem:** SIEM deployed but alerts are not actioned; logs retained but never searched
+**Solution:** Define alert response procedures; staff SOC or use MDR service; weekly log review as minimum
+
+### Pitfall 6: Patch management without vulnerability scanning
+**Problem:** Patching OS only; missing application and firmware vulnerabilities
+**Solution:** Authenticated vulnerability scanning to identify all missing patches, misconfigurations, and CVEs
+
+---
+
+## Metrics and KPIs for CIS Controls
+
+### IG1 KPIs
+| Metric | Target | Frequency |
+|--------|--------|-----------|
+| % assets in inventory | ≥ 95% | Monthly |
+| % endpoints with current AV | 100% | Weekly |
+| % endpoints with disk encryption | 100% | Monthly |
+| Critical patches applied within SLA | ≥ 95% | Monthly |
+| % accounts with strong passwords | 100% | Quarterly |
+| Backup test success rate | 100% | Quarterly |
+
+### IG2 KPIs
+| Metric | Target | Frequency |
+|--------|--------|-----------|
+| % external systems with MFA | 100% | Monthly |
+| Mean Time to Patch (MTTP) — Critical | ≤ 15 days | Monthly |
+| Mean Time to Patch (MTTP) — High | ≤ 30 days | Monthly |
+| SIEM alert response rate | ≥ 90% actioned | Weekly |
+| Phishing click rate (simulation) | ≤ 5% | Quarterly |
+| Vendor assessments completed | 100% of critical | Annual |
+
+### IG3 KPIs
+| Metric | Target | Frequency |
+|--------|--------|-----------|
+| Pen test critical findings remediated | 100% within 30 days | After test |
+| Mean Time to Detect (MTTD) | ≤ 24 hours | Monthly |
+| Mean Time to Respond (MTTR) | ≤ 4 hours for P1 | Monthly |
+| SAST scan coverage | 100% of repos | Per commit |
+| DLP policy violation rate | Trending down | Monthly |
+
+---
+
+## CIS CSAT Tool
+
+The **CIS Controls Self-Assessment Tool (CSAT)** is a free web-based platform from CIS:
+- URL: https://csat.cisecurity.org/
+- Maps to all 153 safeguards
+- Generates maturity scores and prioritized gap reports
+- Supports team collaboration and tracking
+- Produces executive summary reports
+
+**CIS SecureSuite Membership** provides access to additional resources:
+- CIS Benchmarks (configuration hardening guides for 100+ technologies)
+- CIS-CAT Pro (automated configuration assessment tool)
+- CIS RAM (Risk Assessment Method)
+- Priority and quick-start guides by sector
+
+---
+
+## Industry-Specific Guidance
+
+### Healthcare (HIPAA alignment)
+- Priority: Controls 3 (PHI data protection), 6 (access control), 8 (audit logging), 17 (incident response)
+- IG2 minimum for any covered entity or business associate
+- Map CIS Controls to HIPAA Security Rule safeguards
+
+### Finance (PCI DSS / GLBA alignment)
+- Priority: Controls 3, 6, 8, 12, 16 for cardholder data environments
+- IG2 minimum; IG3 for large financial institutions
+- CIS Controls v8 maps closely to PCI DSS v4.0 requirements
+
+### Government (FISMA / CMMC alignment)
+- Priority: Full IG2 implementation for CMMC Level 2; IG3 elements for CMMC Level 3
+- CIS Controls map to NIST SP 800-171 requirements used in CMMC
+- Essential Eight (Australian cyber) aligns with CIS Controls 1-10
+
+### Education (FERPA alignment)
+- Priority: Controls 1-7 for student data protection
+- IG1 minimum for K-12; IG2 for higher education with research data