blockmine 1.24.0 → 1.27.0

package/.claude/skills/devsecops/resources/policy-enforcement.md

@@ -1,619 +0,0 @@
-# Policy Enforcement - OPA, Gatekeeper, and Kyverno
-
-Comprehensive guide to policy-as-code using Open Policy Agent (OPA), Gatekeeper, Kyverno, admission controllers, and compliance automation for Kubernetes and cloud infrastructure.
-
-## Table of Contents
-
-- [Overview](#overview)
-- [Open Policy Agent (OPA)](#open-policy-agent-opa)
-- [Gatekeeper](#gatekeeper)
-- [Kyverno](#kyverno)
-- [Admission Controllers](#admission-controllers)
-- [Policy Testing](#policy-testing)
-- [Common Policies](#common-policies)
-- [Best Practices](#best-practices)
-
-## Overview
-
-**Policy as Code Benefits:**
-- ✅ Automated enforcement
-- ✅ Consistent across environments
-- ✅ Version controlled
-- ✅ Auditable and testable
-- ✅ Shift-left security
-
-## Open Policy Agent (OPA)
-
-### Installation
-
-```bash
-# Linux/macOS
-curl -L -o opa https://openpolicyagent.org/downloads/latest/opa_linux_amd64
-chmod +x opa
-
-# Docker
-docker run -p 8181:8181 openpolicyagent/opa run --server
-```
-
-### Rego Language Basics
-
-```rego
-package example
-
-# Simple rule
-allow {
-    input.user == "admin"
-}
-
-# Rule with conditions
-allow {
-    input.user.role == "developer"
-    input.action == "read"
-}
-
-# Complex policy
-deny[msg] {
-    input.resource.type == "deployment"
-    not input.resource.securityContext.runAsNonRoot
-    msg := "Containers must run as non-root"
-}
-```
-
-### Kubernetes Admission Control
-
-```rego
-# Policy: Block privileged containers
-package kubernetes.admission
-
-deny[msg] {
-    input.request.kind.kind == "Pod"
-    container := input.request.object.spec.containers[_]
-    container.securityContext.privileged
-    msg := sprintf("Privileged container not allowed: %v", [container.name])
-}
-
-# Policy: Require resource limits
-deny[msg] {
-    input.request.kind.kind == "Deployment"
-    container := input.request.object.spec.template.spec.containers[_]
-    not container.resources.limits.memory
-    msg := sprintf("Container %v must have memory limits", [container.name])
-}
-
-# Policy: Enforce image registry
-deny[msg] {
-    input.request.kind.kind == "Pod"
-    image := input.request.object.spec.containers[_].image
-    not startswith(image, "myregistry.com/")
-    msg := sprintf("Image must be from approved registry: %v", [image])
-}
-```
-
-## Gatekeeper
-
-### Installation
-
-```bash
-kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/open-policy-agent/gatekeeper/master/deploy/gatekeeper.yaml
-```
-
-### Constraint Templates
-
-**Block Privileged Containers:**
-```yaml
-apiVersion: templates.gatekeeper.sh/v1
-kind: ConstraintTemplate
-metadata:
-  name: k8sblockprivileged
-spec:
-  crd:
-    spec:
-      names:
-        kind: K8sBlockPrivileged
-  targets:
-    - target: admission.k8s.gatekeeper.sh
-      rego: |
-        package k8sblockprivileged
-
-        violation[{"msg": msg}] {
-          container := input.review.object.spec.containers[_]
-          container.securityContext.privileged
-          msg := sprintf("Privileged container not allowed: %v", [container.name])
-        }
-
-        violation[{"msg": msg}] {
-          container := input.review.object.spec.initContainers[_]
-          container.securityContext.privileged
-          msg := sprintf("Privileged init container not allowed: %v", [container.name])
-        }
-```
-
-**Require Labels:**
-```yaml
-apiVersion: templates.gatekeeper.sh/v1
-kind: ConstraintTemplate
-metadata:
-  name: k8srequiredlabels
-spec:
-  crd:
-    spec:
-      names:
-        kind: K8sRequiredLabels
-      validation:
-        openAPIV3Schema:
-          properties:
-            labels:
-              type: array
-              items:
-                type: string
-  targets:
-    - target: admission.k8s.gatekeeper.sh
-      rego: |
-        package k8srequiredlabels
-
-        violation[{"msg": msg}] {
-          provided := {label | input.review.object.metadata.labels[label]}
-          required := {label | label := input.parameters.labels[_]}
-          missing := required - provided
-          count(missing) > 0
-          msg := sprintf("Missing required labels: %v", [missing])
-        }
-```
-
-### Constraints
-
-```yaml
-apiVersion: constraints.gatekeeper.sh/v1beta1
-kind: K8sBlockPrivileged
-metadata:
-  name: block-privileged-containers
-spec:
-  match:
-    kinds:
-      - apiGroups: [""]
-        kinds: ["Pod"]
-    excludedNamespaces: ["kube-system"]
-  enforcementAction: deny
-```
-
-```yaml
-apiVersion: constraints.gatekeeper.sh/v1beta1
-kind: K8sRequiredLabels
-metadata:
-  name: require-standard-labels
-spec:
-  match:
-    kinds:
-      - apiGroups: ["apps"]
-        kinds: ["Deployment", "StatefulSet"]
-  parameters:
-    labels:
-      - "app"
-      - "environment"
-      - "owner"
-```
-
-### Mutation
-
-```yaml
-apiVersion: mutations.gatekeeper.sh/v1beta1
-kind: Assign
-metadata:
-  name: add-default-labels
-spec:
-  applyTo:
-    - groups: ["apps"]
-      kinds: ["Deployment"]
-      versions: ["v1"]
-  location: "spec.template.metadata.labels.managed-by"
-  parameters:
-    assign:
-      value: "gatekeeper"
-```
-
-## Kyverno
-
-### Installation
-
-```bash
-kubectl create -f https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno/releases/download/v1.10.0/install.yaml
-```
-
-### Validation Policies
-
-**Require Non-Root:**
-```yaml
-apiVersion: kyverno.io/v1
-kind: ClusterPolicy
-metadata:
-  name: require-non-root
-spec:
-  validationFailureAction: enforce
-  background: true
-  rules:
-  - name: validate-runAsNonRoot
-    match:
-      any:
-      - resources:
-          kinds:
-          - Pod
-    validate:
-      message: "Containers must run as non-root user"
-      pattern:
-        spec:
-          securityContext:
-            runAsNonRoot: true
-          containers:
-          - securityContext:
-              runAsNonRoot: true
-```
-
-**Block Latest Tag:**
-```yaml
-apiVersion: kyverno.io/v1
-kind: ClusterPolicy
-metadata:
-  name: disallow-latest-tag
-spec:
-  validationFailureAction: enforce
-  rules:
-  - name: require-image-tag
-    match:
-      any:
-      - resources:
-          kinds:
-          - Pod
-    validate:
-      message: "Using 'latest' tag is not allowed"
-      pattern:
-        spec:
-          containers:
-          - image: "!*:latest"
-```
-
-**Require Resource Limits:**
-```yaml
-apiVersion: kyverno.io/v1
-kind: ClusterPolicy
-metadata:
-  name: require-resource-limits
-spec:
-  validationFailureAction: enforce
-  rules:
-  - name: validate-resources
-    match:
-      any:
-      - resources:
-          kinds:
-          - Deployment
-    validate:
-      message: "CPU and memory resources are required"
-      pattern:
-        spec:
-          template:
-            spec:
-              containers:
-              - resources:
-                  requests:
-                    memory: "?*"
-                    cpu: "?*"
-                  limits:
-                    memory: "?*"
-                    cpu: "?*"
-```
-
-### Mutation Policies
-
-**Add Default Network Policy:**
-```yaml
-apiVersion: kyverno.io/v1
-kind: ClusterPolicy
-metadata:
-  name: add-networkpolicy
-spec:
-  rules:
-  - name: default-deny-ingress
-    match:
-      any:
-      - resources:
-          kinds:
-          - Namespace
-    generate:
-      kind: NetworkPolicy
-      name: default-deny-ingress
-      namespace: "{{request.object.metadata.name}}"
-      data:
-        spec:
-          podSelector: {}
-          policyTypes:
-          - Ingress
-```
-
-**Inject Sidecar:**
-```yaml
-apiVersion: kyverno.io/v1
-kind: ClusterPolicy
-metadata:
-  name: inject-logging-sidecar
-spec:
-  rules:
-  - name: add-fluentd-sidecar
-    match:
-      any:
-      - resources:
-          kinds:
-          - Deployment
-          selector:
-            matchLabels:
-              logging: enabled
-    mutate:
-      patchStrategicMerge:
-        spec:
-          template:
-            spec:
-              containers:
-              - name: fluentd
-                image: fluent/fluentd:v1.14
-                volumeMounts:
-                - name: logs
-                  mountPath: /var/log
-```
-
-### Image Verification
-
-```yaml
-apiVersion: kyverno.io/v1
-kind: ClusterPolicy
-metadata:
-  name: verify-image-signature
-spec:
-  validationFailureAction: enforce
-  webhookTimeoutSeconds: 30
-  rules:
-  - name: verify-signature
-    match:
-      any:
-      - resources:
-          kinds:
-          - Pod
-    verifyImages:
-    - imageReferences:
-      - "myregistry.com/*"
-      attestors:
-      - count: 1
-        entries:
-        - keys:
-            publicKeys: |-
-              -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
-              MFkwEwYHKoZIzj0CAQYIKoZIzj0DAQcDQgAE...
-              -----END PUBLIC KEY-----
-```
-
-## Common Policies
-
-### Security Policies
-
-**Drop All Capabilities:**
-```yaml
-apiVersion: kyverno.io/v1
-kind: ClusterPolicy
-metadata:
-  name: drop-all-capabilities
-spec:
-  validationFailureAction: enforce
-  rules:
-  - name: drop-all
-    match:
-      any:
-      - resources:
-          kinds: [Pod]
-    validate:
-      message: "All capabilities must be dropped"
-      pattern:
-        spec:
-          containers:
-          - securityContext:
-              capabilities:
-                drop:
-                - ALL
-```
-
-**Read-Only Root Filesystem:**
-```yaml
-apiVersion: kyverno.io/v1
-kind: ClusterPolicy
-metadata:
-  name: readonly-root-filesystem
-spec:
-  validationFailureAction: enforce
-  rules:
-  - name: validate-readOnlyRootFilesystem
-    match:
-      any:
-      - resources:
-          kinds: [Pod]
-    validate:
-      message: "Root filesystem must be read-only"
-      pattern:
-        spec:
-          containers:
-          - securityContext:
-              readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
-```
-
-### Compliance Policies
-
-**PCI-DSS Compliance:**
-```yaml
-apiVersion: kyverno.io/v1
-kind: ClusterPolicy
-metadata:
-  name: pci-dss-compliance
-  annotations:
-    policies.kyverno.io/category: PCI-DSS
-spec:
-  validationFailureAction: enforce
-  rules:
-  - name: require-encryption-at-rest
-    match:
-      any:
-      - resources:
-          kinds: [PersistentVolumeClaim]
-    validate:
-      message: "PCI-DSS requires encryption at rest"
-      pattern:
-        metadata:
-          annotations:
-            encrypted: "true"
-
-  - name: require-tls
-    match:
-      any:
-      - resources:
-          kinds: [Ingress]
-    validate:
-      message: "PCI-DSS requires TLS"
-      pattern:
-        spec:
-          tls:
-          - hosts:
-            - "?*"
-```
-
-### Cost Optimization
-
-**Limit Resource Usage:**
-```yaml
-apiVersion: kyverno.io/v1
-kind: ClusterPolicy
-metadata:
-  name: limit-resources
-spec:
-  validationFailureAction: enforce
-  rules:
-  - name: max-memory-limit
-    match:
-      any:
-      - resources:
-          kinds: [Deployment]
-    validate:
-      message: "Memory limit cannot exceed 8Gi"
-      deny:
-        conditions:
-          any:
-          - key: "{{request.object.spec.template.spec.containers[].resources.limits.memory}}"
-            operator: GreaterThan
-            value: 8Gi
-```
-
-## Policy Testing
-
-### OPA Testing
-
-```rego
-# policy_test.rego
-package kubernetes.admission
-
-test_privileged_denied {
-    deny["Privileged container not allowed: nginx"] with input as {
-        "request": {
-            "kind": {"kind": "Pod"},
-            "object": {
-                "spec": {
-                    "containers": [{
-                        "name": "nginx",
-                        "securityContext": {"privileged": true}
-                    }]
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-test_non_privileged_allowed {
-    count(deny) == 0 with input as {
-        "request": {
-            "kind": {"kind": "Pod"},
-            "object": {
-                "spec": {
-                    "containers": [{
-                        "name": "nginx",
-                        "securityContext": {"privileged": false}
-                    }]
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-```
-
-```bash
-# Run tests
-opa test policy.rego policy_test.rego -v
-```
-
-### Kyverno Testing
-
-```bash
-# Test policy against resource
-kyverno apply policy.yaml --resource pod.yaml
-
-# Test in cluster
-kubectl create -f test-pod.yaml --dry-run=server
-```
-
-## Best Practices
-
-### 1. Start with Audit Mode
-
-```yaml
-spec:
-  validationFailureAction: audit  # Start here
-  # After validation, change to: enforce
-```
-
-### 2. Exclude System Namespaces
-
-```yaml
-spec:
-  match:
-    any:
-    - resources:
-        kinds: [Pod]
-    excludedNamespaces:
-      - kube-system
-      - kube-public
-      - gatekeeper-system
-```
-
-### 3. Use Meaningful Messages
-
-```yaml
-validate:
-  message: >
-    Containers must run as non-root user for security.
-    Set spec.securityContext.runAsNonRoot: true
-```
-
-### 4. Test Policies Before Enforcement
-
-```bash
-# Dry-run test
-kubectl create -f resource.yaml --dry-run=server
-```
-
-### 5. Monitor Policy Violations
-
-```bash
-# Gatekeeper violations
-kubectl get constraints -A
-
-# Kyverno policy reports
-kubectl get policyreport -A
-```
-
----
-
-**Related Resources:**
-- [compliance-automation.md](compliance-automation.md) - Compliance frameworks
-- [container-security.md](container-security.md) - Pod security standards