blockmine 1.24.0 → 1.27.0

package/.claude/skills/systems-engineering/resources/system-monitoring.md

@@ -1,787 +0,0 @@
-# System Monitoring
-
-Comprehensive guide to system monitoring covering log aggregation, metrics collection, APM integration, dashboards, and alerting for observability and reliability.
-
-## Table of Contents
-
-- [Monitoring Architecture](#monitoring-architecture)
-- [Log Aggregation](#log-aggregation)
-- [Metrics Collection](#metrics-collection)
-- [APM Tools Integration](#apm-tools-integration)
-- [Dashboard Creation](#dashboard-creation)
-- [Alert Configuration](#alert-configuration)
-- [Log Analysis](#log-analysis)
-- [Best Practices](#best-practices)
-
-## Monitoring Architecture
-
-### Monitoring Stack
-
-```
-┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
-│                    Visualization                         │
-│                  (Grafana, Kibana)                      │
-├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
-│              Alerting & Analysis                        │
-│         (Prometheus, Elasticsearch)                     │
-├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
-│              Data Collection                            │
-│  (node_exporter, Filebeat, Telegraf)                   │
-├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
-│              Application Servers                        │
-└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
-```
-
-## Log Aggregation
-
-### rsyslog Configuration
-
-```bash
-# Install rsyslog
-sudo apt install rsyslog
-
-# /etc/rsyslog.d/50-default.conf
-
-# Log levels: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, alert, emerg
-
-# Separate logs by facility
-auth,authpriv.*         /var/log/auth.log
-*.*;auth,authpriv.none  -/var/log/syslog
-kern.*                  -/var/log/kern.log
-mail.*                  -/var/log/mail.log
-
-# Remote logging to centralized server
-*.* @@logserver.example.com:514  # TCP
-# Or UDP
-*.* @logserver.example.com:514   # UDP
-
-# Filter specific logs
-:programname, isequal, "myapp" /var/log/myapp.log
-& stop  # Don't process further
-
-# Restart rsyslog
-sudo systemctl restart rsyslog
-```
-
-**Centralized Log Server:**
-```bash
-# /etc/rsyslog.conf on log server
-
-# Enable UDP reception
-module(load="imudp")
-input(type="imudp" port="514")
-
-# Enable TCP reception
-module(load="imtcp")
-input(type="imtcp" port="514")
-
-# Template for organizing logs by hostname
-$template RemoteLogs,"/var/log/remote/%HOSTNAME%/%PROGRAMNAME%.log"
-*.* ?RemoteLogs
-& stop
-```
-
-### journald Configuration
-
-```bash
-# /etc/systemd/journald.conf
-
-[Journal]
-# Persistent storage
-Storage=persistent
-
-# Max disk usage
-SystemMaxUse=1G
-RuntimeMaxUse=100M
-
-# Keep logs for 30 days
-MaxRetentionSec=2592000
-
-# Forward to syslog
-ForwardToSyslog=yes
-
-# Restart journald
-sudo systemctl restart systemd-journald
-```
-
-**Query journald:**
-```bash
-# View all logs
-journalctl
-
-# Follow logs
-journalctl -f
-
-# Specific service
-journalctl -u nginx.service
-
-# Since time
-journalctl --since "2024-01-01 00:00:00"
-journalctl --since "1 hour ago"
-
-# Priority level
-journalctl -p err    # Errors only
-journalctl -p warning # Warnings and above
-
-# Specific boot
-journalctl -b        # Current boot
-journalctl -b -1     # Previous boot
-
-# Export to file
-journalctl -u myapp --since today > /tmp/myapp-logs.txt
-
-# JSON format
-journalctl -u myapp -o json-pretty
-```
-
-### Loki (Grafana Loki)
-
-**Install Loki:**
-```bash
-# Download Loki
-wget https://github.com/grafana/loki/releases/download/v2.9.0/loki-linux-amd64.zip
-unzip loki-linux-amd64.zip
-sudo mv loki-linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/loki
-```
-
-**Loki Configuration:**
-```yaml
-# /etc/loki/config.yml
-auth_enabled: false
-
-server:
-  http_listen_port: 3100
-  grpc_listen_port: 9096
-
-common:
-  path_prefix: /var/loki
-  storage:
-    filesystem:
-      chunks_directory: /var/loki/chunks
-      rules_directory: /var/loki/rules
-  replication_factor: 1
-  ring:
-    kvstore:
-      store: inmemory
-
-schema_config:
-  configs:
-    - from: 2023-01-01
-      store: boltdb-shipper
-      object_store: filesystem
-      schema: v11
-      index:
-        prefix: index_
-        period: 24h
-
-limits_config:
-  retention_period: 720h  # 30 days
-```
-
-**Systemd Service:**
-```ini
-# /etc/systemd/system/loki.service
-[Unit]
-Description=Loki Log Aggregation System
-After=network.target
-
-[Service]
-Type=simple
-User=loki
-ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/loki -config.file=/etc/loki/config.yml
-Restart=always
-
-[Install]
-WantedBy=multi-user.target
-```
-
-**Promtail (Log Shipper):**
-```yaml
-# /etc/promtail/config.yml
-server:
-  http_listen_port: 9080
-  grpc_listen_port: 0
-
-positions:
-  filename: /var/lib/promtail/positions.yaml
-
-clients:
-  - url: http://loki-server:3100/loki/api/v1/push
-
-scrape_configs:
-  - job_name: system
-    static_configs:
-      - targets:
-          - localhost
-        labels:
-          job: varlogs
-          host: ${HOSTNAME}
-          __path__: /var/log/*log
-
-  - job_name: nginx
-    static_configs:
-      - targets:
-          - localhost
-        labels:
-          job: nginx
-          __path__: /var/log/nginx/*log
-
-  - job_name: application
-    static_configs:
-      - targets:
-          - localhost
-        labels:
-          job: myapp
-          __path__: /var/log/myapp/*.log
-```
-
-## Metrics Collection
-
-### Prometheus Node Exporter
-
-**Install:**
-```bash
-# Download node_exporter
-wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v1.7.0/node_exporter-1.7.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
-tar xvfz node_exporter-1.7.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
-sudo cp node_exporter-1.7.0.linux-amd64/node_exporter /usr/local/bin/
-```
-
-**Systemd Service:**
-```ini
-# /etc/systemd/system/node_exporter.service
-[Unit]
-Description=Node Exporter
-After=network.target
-
-[Service]
-Type=simple
-User=node_exporter
-ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/node_exporter \
-    --collector.filesystem.mount-points-exclude='^/(sys|proc|dev|run)($|/)' \
-    --collector.netclass.ignored-devices='^(veth|docker|lo).*'
-Restart=always
-
-[Install]
-WantedBy=multi-user.target
-```
-
-**Enable and Start:**
-```bash
-sudo useradd -rs /bin/false node_exporter
-sudo systemctl daemon-reload
-sudo systemctl enable node_exporter
-sudo systemctl start node_exporter
-
-# Verify
-curl http://localhost:9100/metrics
-```
-
-### Prometheus Server
-
-**Install Prometheus:**
-```bash
-wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.47.0/prometheus-2.47.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
-tar xvfz prometheus-2.47.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
-sudo cp prometheus-2.47.0.linux-amd64/{prometheus,promtool} /usr/local/bin/
-sudo mkdir -p /etc/prometheus /var/lib/prometheus
-```
-
-**Configuration:**
-```yaml
-# /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
-global:
-  scrape_interval: 15s
-  evaluation_interval: 15s
-  external_labels:
-    cluster: 'production'
-    region: 'us-east-1'
-
-# Alertmanager configuration
-alerting:
-  alertmanagers:
-    - static_configs:
-        - targets:
-            - localhost:9093
-
-# Load rules
-rule_files:
-  - "alerts/*.yml"
-
-scrape_configs:
-  # Prometheus itself
-  - job_name: 'prometheus'
-    static_configs:
-      - targets: ['localhost:9090']
-
-  # Node exporters
-  - job_name: 'node'
-    static_configs:
-      - targets:
-          - 'web1:9100'
-          - 'web2:9100'
-          - 'db1:9100'
-        labels:
-          env: 'production'
-          role: 'backend'
-
-  # Application metrics
-  - job_name: 'myapp'
-    static_configs:
-      - targets:
-          - 'web1:8080'
-          - 'web2:8080'
-    metrics_path: '/metrics'
-```
-
-**Systemd Service:**
-```ini
-# /etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service
-[Unit]
-Description=Prometheus
-After=network.target
-
-[Service]
-Type=simple
-User=prometheus
-ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/prometheus \
-    --config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml \
-    --storage.tsdb.path=/var/lib/prometheus \
-    --web.console.templates=/etc/prometheus/consoles \
-    --web.console.libraries=/etc/prometheus/console_libraries \
-    --storage.tsdb.retention.time=30d
-Restart=always
-
-[Install]
-WantedBy=multi-user.target
-```
-
-### Telegraf
-
-**Install:**
-```bash
-wget -q https://repos.influxdata.com/influxdata-archive_compat.key
-echo '393e8779c89ac8d958f81f942f9ad7fb82a25e133faddaf92e15b16e6ac9ce4c influxdata-archive_compat.key' | sha256sum -c && cat influxdata-archive_compat.key | gpg --dearmor | sudo tee /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/influxdata-archive_compat.gpg > /dev/null
-echo 'deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/influxdata-archive_compat.gpg] https://repos.influxdata.com/debian stable main' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/influxdata.list
-sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install telegraf
-```
-
-**Configuration:**
-```toml
-# /etc/telegraf/telegraf.conf
-
-[global_tags]
-  env = "production"
-  datacenter = "us-east-1"
-
-[agent]
-  interval = "10s"
-  round_interval = true
-  metric_batch_size = 1000
-  metric_buffer_limit = 10000
-
-# Output to InfluxDB
-[[outputs.influxdb_v2]]
-  urls = ["http://influxdb:8086"]
-  token = "$INFLUX_TOKEN"
-  organization = "myorg"
-  bucket = "metrics"
-
-# Output to Prometheus
-[[outputs.prometheus_client]]
-  listen = ":9273"
-
-# Input plugins
-[[inputs.cpu]]
-  percpu = true
-  totalcpu = true
-  collect_cpu_time = false
-  report_active = false
-
-[[inputs.disk]]
-  ignore_fs = ["tmpfs", "devtmpfs", "devfs", "iso9660", "overlay", "aufs", "squashfs"]
-
-[[inputs.diskio]]
-
-[[inputs.mem]]
-
-[[inputs.net]]
-
-[[inputs.system]]
-
-[[inputs.processes]]
-
-[[inputs.nginx]]
-  urls = ["http://localhost/nginx_status"]
-
-[[inputs.postgresql]]
-  address = "host=localhost user=telegraf database=postgres sslmode=disable"
-```
-
-## APM Tools Integration
-
-### Application Metrics (Node.js Example)
-
-```javascript
-// Express.js with Prometheus metrics
-const express = require('express');
-const promClient = require('prom-client');
-
-const app = express();
-
-// Create a Registry
-const register = new promClient.Registry();
-
-// Add default metrics
-promClient.collectDefaultMetrics({ register });
-
-// Custom metrics
-const httpRequestDuration = new promClient.Histogram({
-  name: 'http_request_duration_seconds',
-  help: 'Duration of HTTP requests in seconds',
-  labelNames: ['method', 'route', 'status_code'],
-  buckets: [0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 5]
-});
-
-const httpRequestTotal = new promClient.Counter({
-  name: 'http_requests_total',
-  help: 'Total number of HTTP requests',
-  labelNames: ['method', 'route', 'status_code']
-});
-
-register.registerMetric(httpRequestDuration);
-register.registerMetric(httpRequestTotal);
-
-// Middleware to track metrics
-app.use((req, res, next) => {
-  const start = Date.now();
-
-  res.on('finish', () => {
-    const duration = (Date.now() - start) / 1000;
-    const route = req.route ? req.route.path : req.path;
-
-    httpRequestDuration.labels(req.method, route, res.statusCode).observe(duration);
-    httpRequestTotal.labels(req.method, route, res.statusCode).inc();
-  });
-
-  next();
-});
-
-// Metrics endpoint
-app.get('/metrics', async (req, res) => {
-  res.set('Content-Type', register.contentType);
-  res.end(await register.metrics());
-});
-
-app.listen(3000);
-```
-
-## Dashboard Creation
-
-### Grafana Installation
-
-```bash
-# Install Grafana
-sudo apt-get install -y software-properties-common
-sudo add-apt-repository "deb https://packages.grafana.com/oss/deb stable main"
-wget -q -O - https://packages.grafana.com/gpg.key | sudo apt-key add -
-sudo apt-get update
-sudo apt-get install grafana
-
-# Start Grafana
-sudo systemctl start grafana-server
-sudo systemctl enable grafana-server
-
-# Access: http://localhost:3000
-# Default credentials: admin/admin
-```
-
-### Grafana Dashboard JSON (Node Exporter)
-
-```json
-{
-  "dashboard": {
-    "title": "System Metrics",
-    "panels": [
-      {
-        "title": "CPU Usage",
-        "targets": [
-          {
-            "expr": "100 - (avg by(instance) (rate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode=\"idle\"}[5m])) * 100)"
-          }
-        ],
-        "type": "graph"
-      },
-      {
-        "title": "Memory Usage",
-        "targets": [
-          {
-            "expr": "100 * (1 - ((node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes) / (node_memory_MemTotal_bytes)))"
-          }
-        ],
-        "type": "graph"
-      },
-      {
-        "title": "Disk Usage",
-        "targets": [
-          {
-            "expr": "100 - ((node_filesystem_avail_bytes{mountpoint=\"/\"} * 100) / node_filesystem_size_bytes{mountpoint=\"/\"})"
-          }
-        ],
-        "type": "gauge"
-      }
-    ]
-  }
-}
-```
-
-### Common PromQL Queries
-
-```promql
-# CPU usage per core
-rate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode!="idle"}[5m])
-
-# Memory usage percentage
-100 * (1 - ((node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes) / (node_memory_MemTotal_bytes)))
-
-# Disk I/O
-rate(node_disk_read_bytes_total[5m])
-rate(node_disk_written_bytes_total[5m])
-
-# Network traffic
-rate(node_network_receive_bytes_total{device!~"lo|veth.*"}[5m])
-rate(node_network_transmit_bytes_total{device!~"lo|veth.*"}[5m])
-
-# HTTP request rate
-rate(http_requests_total[5m])
-
-# 95th percentile response time
-histogram_quantile(0.95, rate(http_request_duration_seconds_bucket[5m]))
-
-# Error rate
-rate(http_requests_total{status_code=~"5.."}[5m])
-```
-
-## Alert Configuration
-
-### Prometheus Alert Rules
-
-```yaml
-# /etc/prometheus/alerts/system.yml
-groups:
-  - name: system_alerts
-    interval: 30s
-    rules:
-      # High CPU usage
-      - alert: HighCPUUsage
-        expr: 100 - (avg by(instance) (rate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="idle"}[5m])) * 100) > 80
-        for: 5m
-        labels:
-          severity: warning
-          component: system
-        annotations:
-          summary: "High CPU usage on {{ $labels.instance }}"
-          description: "CPU usage is above 80% (current: {{ $value | humanize }}%)"
-
-      # High memory usage
-      - alert: HighMemoryUsage
-        expr: 100 * (1 - ((node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes) / (node_memory_MemTotal_bytes))) > 90
-        for: 5m
-        labels:
-          severity: warning
-        annotations:
-          summary: "High memory usage on {{ $labels.instance }}"
-          description: "Memory usage is above 90% (current: {{ $value | humanize }}%)"
-
-      # Disk space low
-      - alert: DiskSpaceLow
-        expr: 100 - ((node_filesystem_avail_bytes{mountpoint="/"} * 100) / node_filesystem_size_bytes{mountpoint="/"}) > 85
-        for: 10m
-        labels:
-          severity: warning
-        annotations:
-          summary: "Disk space low on {{ $labels.instance }}"
-          description: "Disk usage is above 85% (current: {{ $value | humanize }}%)"
-
-      # Instance down
-      - alert: InstanceDown
-        expr: up == 0
-        for: 1m
-        labels:
-          severity: critical
-        annotations:
-          summary: "Instance {{ $labels.instance }} is down"
-          description: "{{ $labels.instance }} has been down for more than 1 minute"
-```
-
-### Alertmanager Configuration
-
-```yaml
-# /etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml
-global:
-  resolve_timeout: 5m
-  slack_api_url: 'https://hooks.slack.com/services/YOUR/SLACK/WEBHOOK'
-
-route:
-  group_by: ['alertname', 'cluster']
-  group_wait: 10s
-  group_interval: 10s
-  repeat_interval: 12h
-  receiver: 'slack-notifications'
-
-  routes:
-    - match:
-        severity: critical
-      receiver: 'pagerduty-critical'
-
-    - match:
-        severity: warning
-      receiver: 'slack-notifications'
-
-receivers:
-  - name: 'slack-notifications'
-    slack_configs:
-      - channel: '#alerts'
-        title: 'Alert: {{ .GroupLabels.alertname }}'
-        text: '{{ range .Alerts }}{{ .Annotations.description }}{{ end }}'
-
-  - name: 'pagerduty-critical'
-    pagerduty_configs:
-      - service_key: 'YOUR_PAGERDUTY_KEY'
-
-  - name: 'email-team'
-    email_configs:
-      - to: 'team@example.com'
-        from: 'alerts@example.com'
-        smarthost: 'smtp.example.com:587'
-        auth_username: 'alerts@example.com'
-        auth_password: 'password'
-
-inhibit_rules:
-  - source_match:
-      severity: 'critical'
-    target_match:
-      severity: 'warning'
-    equal: ['alertname', 'instance']
-```
-
-## Log Analysis
-
-### Log Parsing with grep/awk
-
-```bash
-# Find errors in logs
-grep -i error /var/log/myapp/app.log
-
-# Count occurrences
-grep -c "ERROR" /var/log/myapp/app.log
-
-# Extract specific fields (Apache access log)
-awk '{print $1, $7}' /var/log/apache2/access.log
-
-# Top 10 IP addresses
-awk '{print $1}' /var/log/nginx/access.log | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn | head -10
-
-# HTTP status code summary
-awk '{print $9}' /var/log/nginx/access.log | sort | uniq -c
-
-# Response times over threshold
-awk '$NF > 1.0 {print $0}' /var/log/app/access.log
-```
-
-### Log Analysis Scripts
-
-```bash
-#!/bin/bash
-# analyze-logs.sh - Automated log analysis
-
-LOG_FILE="/var/log/myapp/app.log"
-REPORT_FILE="/var/log/myapp/daily-report-$(date +%Y%m%d).txt"
-
-{
-  echo "=== Log Analysis Report ==="
-  echo "Date: $(date)"
-  echo "Log file: $LOG_FILE"
-  echo ""
-
-  echo "=== Error Summary ==="
-  echo "Total errors: $(grep -c ERROR $LOG_FILE)"
-  echo "Total warnings: $(grep -c WARN $LOG_FILE)"
-  echo ""
-
-  echo "=== Top 10 Error Messages ==="
-  grep ERROR $LOG_FILE | awk -F'ERROR' '{print $2}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn | head -10
-  echo ""
-
-  echo "=== Errors by Hour ==="
-  grep ERROR $LOG_FILE | awk '{print $1, $2}' | cut -d: -f1 | uniq -c
-  echo ""
-
-  echo "=== Last 20 Errors ==="
-  grep ERROR $LOG_FILE | tail -20
-
-} > $REPORT_FILE
-
-echo "Report saved to $REPORT_FILE"
-```
-
-## Best Practices
-
-### 1. Monitoring Strategy
-
-```
-The Four Golden Signals:
-1. Latency - Response time
-2. Traffic - Request rate
-3. Errors - Error rate
-4. Saturation - Resource utilization
-```
-
-### 2. Alert Design
-
-- **Alert on symptoms, not causes**
-- **Make alerts actionable**
-- **Include context in notifications**
-- **Avoid alert fatigue**
-- **Set appropriate thresholds**
-
-### 3. Retention Policies
-
-```bash
-# Logs
-- Application logs: 30 days
-- System logs: 90 days
-- Audit logs: 1 year
-
-# Metrics
-- Raw metrics: 15 days (15s interval)
-- 5min aggregates: 90 days
-- 1hour aggregates: 2 years
-```
-
-### 4. Security
-
-```bash
-# Secure metrics endpoints
-# Use authentication
-# Encrypt in transit (TLS)
-# Limit access to monitoring systems
-# Sanitize log data (no PII, no secrets)
-```
-
-### 5. Performance
-
-```bash
-# Optimize collection intervals
-# Use log sampling for high-volume
-# Aggregate metrics appropriately
-# Archive old data
-# Monitor the monitoring system
-```
-
----
-
-**Related Topics:**
-- See [troubleshooting-guide.md](troubleshooting-guide.md) for debugging with logs
-- See [performance-tuning.md](performance-tuning.md) for metrics interpretation
-- See [security-hardening.md](security-hardening.md) for audit logging