@syllst/ko 0.1.1

package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-02.mdx

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+---
+type: lesson
+id: korean-hangul-lesson-02
+title: "Lesson 2 — Basic Vowels II (ㅗ, ㅛ, ㅜ, ㅠ, ㅡ, ㅣ)"
+description: "Learn the remaining six Korean basic vowels: o, yo, u, yu, eu, i"
+order: 2
+parentId: ko-alphabet
+difficulty: beginner
+cefrLevel: A1
+categories:
+  - vowels
+  - basic-characters
+metadata:
+  estimatedTime: 25
+  prerequisites: [korean-hangul-lesson-01]
+  learningObjectives:
+    - id: obj-ko-alph-02-recognize
+      description: "Recognize the vowels ㅗ, ㅛ, ㅜ, ㅠ, ㅡ, ㅣ"
+      skill: character-recognition
+      references: [o, yo, u, yu, eu, i]
+    - id: obj-ko-alph-02-sounds
+      description: "Map each vowel to its sound"
+      skill: character-sound-mapping
+      references: [o, yo, u, yu, eu, i]
+---
+
+# Lesson 2 — Basic Vowels II (ㅗ, ㅛ, ㅜ, ㅠ, ㅡ, ㅣ)
+
+## Introduction
+
+In Lesson 1, you learned the four vertical vowels with strokes pointing left or right. In this lesson, you will complete the ten basic Korean vowels. The next set includes **horizontal vowels** — vowels whose base line is horizontal — plus the final two: ㅡ and ㅣ.
+
+## Characters
+
+:::character-set{id="ko-vowels-2" title="Basic Vowels II"}
+
+::character{id="o" canonicalRef="o" char="ㅗ" name="ㅗ 오 (o)" charType="vowel" data:romanization="o" data:ipa="o"}
+
+::character{id="yo" canonicalRef="yo" char="ㅛ" name="ㅛ 요 (yo)" charType="vowel" data:romanization="yo" data:ipa="jo"}
+
+::character{id="u" canonicalRef="u" char="ㅜ" name="ㅜ 우 (u)" charType="vowel" data:romanization="u" data:ipa="u"}
+
+::character{id="yu" canonicalRef="yu" char="ㅠ" name="ㅠ 유 (yu)" charType="vowel" data:romanization="yu" data:ipa="ju"}
+
+::character{id="eu" canonicalRef="eu" char="ㅡ" name="ㅡ 으 (eu)" charType="vowel" data:romanization="eu" data:ipa="ɯ"}
+
+::character{id="i" canonicalRef="i" char="ㅣ" name="ㅣ 이 (i)" charType="vowel" data:romanization="i" data:ipa="i"}
+
+:::
+
+## Pronunciation Guide
+
+| Character | Romanization | Sound | English Approximation |
+|-----------|-------------|-------|----------------------|
+| ㅗ | o | /o/ | "o" in "go" |
+| ㅛ | yo | /jo/ | "yo" in "yoke" |
+| ㅜ | u | /u/ | "oo" in "moon" |
+| ㅠ | yu | /ju/ | "you" |
+| ㅡ | eu | /ɯ/ | No English equivalent — "uh" with lips spread flat |
+| ㅣ | i | /i/ | "ee" in "see" |
+
+**Note on ㅡ (eu):** This is the most difficult vowel for English speakers. Keep your lips spread flat (like you are smiling) and say "uh." It is the same sound as the Russian ы.
+
+## Shape Pattern
+
+The horizontal vowels follow the same rule as vertical vowels:
+
+- **ㅗ** — horizontal line with a short vertical stroke pointing **up**
+- **ㅛ** — same as ㅗ but with **two** vertical strokes (the "y" prefix)
+- **ㅜ** — horizontal line with a short vertical stroke pointing **down**
+- **ㅠ** — same as ㅜ but with **two** vertical strokes (the "y" prefix)
+- **ㅡ** — just a horizontal line — the "flat" vowel
+- **ㅣ** — just a vertical line — the simplest vowel
+
+## Syllable Formation
+
+When combined with the silent consonant ㅇ:
+
+| Vowel | Syllable | Pronunciation |
+|-------|----------|---------------|
+| ㅗ | 오 | o |
+| ㅛ | 요 | yo |
+| ㅜ | 우 | u |
+| ㅠ | 유 | yu |
+| ㅡ | 으 | eu |
+| ㅣ | 이 | i |
+
+## Placement in Syllable Blocks
+
+Korean consonants and vowels are assembled into syllable blocks. The vowel's orientation determines where it goes:
+
+- **Vertical vowels** (ㅏ, ㅑ, ㅓ, ㅕ, ㅣ): consonant goes **to the left**
+- **Horizontal vowels** (ㅗ, ㅛ, ㅜ, ㅠ, ㅡ): consonant goes **above**
+
+| Vowel | Example syllable | Description |
+|-------|-----------------|-------------|
+| ㅏ | 가 (ga) | ㄱ left, ㅏ right |
+| ㅗ | 고 (go) | ㄱ above, ㅗ below |
+
+## Practice Words
+
+| Korean | Romanization | Meaning |
+|--------|-------------|---------|
+| 오이 | o-i | cucumber |
+| 유리 | yu-ri | glass (material) |
+| 으로 | eu-ro | toward / with |
+| 이유 | i-yu | reason |
+| 우유 | u-yu | milk |
+
+## Key Points
+
+1. **All 10 basic vowels**: You now know all 10 (ㅏ, ㅑ, ㅓ, ㅕ, ㅗ, ㅛ, ㅜ, ㅠ, ㅡ, ㅣ)
+2. **Horizontal vowels go below consonants**: ㅗ, ㅛ, ㅜ, ㅠ, ㅡ position the consonant above
+3. **ㅡ is unique**: No close English equivalent — spread lips flat for "uh"
+4. **ㅣ is the simplest**: Just a vertical line, sounds like "ee"
+
+## Practice Recognition
+
+:::exercise{id="ko-alph-02-recognition" type="matching" title="Match Vowels to Sounds" skill="character-recognition" tests="o,yo,u,yu,eu,i" objectiveId="obj-ko-alph-02-recognize"}
+
+**Question:** Match each Hangul vowel to its romanization
+
+- ㅗ
+- ㅛ
+- ㅜ
+- ㅠ
+- ㅡ
+- ㅣ
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- ㅗ = o
+- ㅛ = yo
+- ㅜ = u
+- ㅠ = yu
+- ㅡ = eu
+- ㅣ = i
+
+**Explanation:** Horizontal vowels pair with their "y" versions just like the vertical vowels did in Lesson 1. ㅡ and ㅣ stand alone as the base horizontal and vertical lines.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="ko-alph-02-sounds" type="fill-in-blank" title="Sound Mapping" skill="character-sound-mapping" tests="o,yo,u,yu,eu,i" objectiveId="obj-ko-alph-02-sounds"}
+
+**Question:** What sound does each vowel make?
+
+- ㅗ sounds like ___
+- ㅜ sounds like ___
+- ㅡ sounds like ___
+- ㅣ sounds like ___
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- ㅗ = /o/ as in "go"
+- ㅜ = /u/ as in "moon"
+- ㅡ = /ɯ/ — spread lips flat and say "uh"
+- ㅣ = /i/ as in "see"
+
+**Explanation:** ㅗ and ㅜ are the most common horizontal vowels. ㅡ is the only vowel with no close English equivalent. ㅣ is the simplest — just a straight line making the "ee" sound.
+
+:::
+
+## What's Next
+
+In Lesson 3, you will learn your first consonants: ㄱ, ㄴ, and ㄷ. Combined with the vowels you already know, you can begin reading real Korean syllables.

package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-03.mdx

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+---
+type: lesson
+id: korean-hangul-lesson-03
+title: "Lesson 3 — Basic Vowels Review & Syllable Blocks"
+description: "Review all 10 basic vowels and learn how syllable blocks are assembled"
+order: 3
+parentId: ko-alphabet
+difficulty: beginner
+cefrLevel: A1
+categories:
+  - vowels
+  - syllable-structure
+metadata:
+  estimatedTime: 25
+  prerequisites: [korean-hangul-lesson-01, korean-hangul-lesson-02]
+  learningObjectives:
+    - id: obj-ko-alph-03-review
+      description: "Recall all 10 basic vowels and their sounds"
+      skill: character-recognition
+      references: [a, ya, eo, yeo, o, yo, u, yu, eu, i]
+    - id: obj-ko-alph-03-syllables
+      description: "Understand how vowels and consonants combine into syllable blocks"
+      skill: syllable-analysis
+      references: [a, eo, o, u, eu, i]
+---
+
+# Lesson 3 — Basic Vowels Review & Syllable Blocks
+
+## Introduction
+
+You have now learned all 10 basic Korean vowels. Before moving on to consonants, it is important to understand **how Korean syllable blocks work**. This knowledge will let you read and write any Korean syllable correctly.
+
+## All 10 Basic Vowels at a Glance
+
+:::character-set{id="ko-vowels-all" title="All 10 Basic Vowels"}
+
+::character{id="a" canonicalRef="a" char="ㅏ" name="ㅏ 아 (a)" charType="vowel" data:romanization="a" data:ipa="a"}
+
+::character{id="ya" canonicalRef="ya" char="ㅑ" name="ㅑ 야 (ya)" charType="vowel" data:romanization="ya" data:ipa="ja"}
+
+::character{id="eo" canonicalRef="eo" char="ㅓ" name="ㅓ 어 (eo)" charType="vowel" data:romanization="eo" data:ipa="ʌ"}
+
+::character{id="yeo" canonicalRef="yeo" char="ㅕ" name="ㅕ 여 (yeo)" charType="vowel" data:romanization="yeo" data:ipa="jʌ"}
+
+::character{id="o" canonicalRef="o" char="ㅗ" name="ㅗ 오 (o)" charType="vowel" data:romanization="o" data:ipa="o"}
+
+::character{id="yo" canonicalRef="yo" char="ㅛ" name="ㅛ 요 (yo)" charType="vowel" data:romanization="yo" data:ipa="jo"}
+
+::character{id="u" canonicalRef="u" char="ㅜ" name="ㅜ 우 (u)" charType="vowel" data:romanization="u" data:ipa="u"}
+
+::character{id="yu" canonicalRef="yu" char="ㅠ" name="ㅠ 유 (yu)" charType="vowel" data:romanization="yu" data:ipa="ju"}
+
+::character{id="eu" canonicalRef="eu" char="ㅡ" name="ㅡ 으 (eu)" charType="vowel" data:romanization="eu" data:ipa="ɯ"}
+
+::character{id="i" canonicalRef="i" char="ㅣ" name="ㅣ 이 (i)" charType="vowel" data:romanization="i" data:ipa="i"}
+
+:::
+
+## The Vowel Chart
+
+| Group | Characters | Base Sound |
+|-------|-----------|------------|
+| Vertical (right) | ㅏ, ㅑ | a, ya |
+| Vertical (left) | ㅓ, ㅕ | eo, yeo |
+| Horizontal (up) | ㅗ, ㅛ | o, yo |
+| Horizontal (down) | ㅜ, ㅠ | u, yu |
+| Solo | ㅡ, ㅣ | eu, i |
+
+## How Syllable Blocks Work
+
+Korean words are written in **syllable blocks**, not as individual letters in a row. Each block contains exactly one vowel, at least one consonant, and sometimes a final consonant (called a **받침, batchim**).
+
+### Block Structure
+
+There are four possible block shapes:
+
+1. **CV** — consonant + vertical vowel: **가** (ga = ㄱ+ㅏ)
+2. **CV** — consonant above horizontal vowel: **고** (go = ㄱ+ㅗ)
+3. **CVC** — consonant + vertical vowel + final consonant: **강** (gang = ㄱ+ㅏ+ㅇ)
+4. **CVC** — consonant above horizontal vowel + final consonant: **공** (gong = ㄱ+ㅗ+ㅇ)
+
+### The Silent Consonant ㅇ
+
+When a syllable starts with a vowel sound, the silent consonant **ㅇ (ieung)** is used as a placeholder:
+
+| Vowel | Syllable | Pronunciation |
+|-------|----------|---------------|
+| ㅏ | 아 | a |
+| ㅓ | 어 | eo |
+| ㅗ | 오 | o |
+| ㅜ | 우 | u |
+| ㅡ | 으 | eu |
+| ㅣ | 이 | i |
+
+## Reading Practice
+
+Now that you know all vowels, you can read these simple words:
+
+| Korean | Parts | Pronunciation | Meaning |
+|--------|-------|---------------|---------|
+| 아이 | 아+이 | a-i | child |
+| 오이 | 오+이 | o-i | cucumber |
+| 유이 | 유+이 | yu-i | (a name) |
+| 이유 | 이+유 | i-yu | reason |
+| 으이 | 으+이 | eu-i | (exclamation of disgust) |
+
+## Key Points
+
+1. **10 basic vowels**: ㅏ ㅑ ㅓ ㅕ ㅗ ㅛ ㅜ ㅠ ㅡ ㅣ — memorize them in order
+2. **Syllable blocks, not linear**: Korean is written in blocks, not letter by letter
+3. **ㅇ is silent at the start**: When a syllable begins with a vowel, ㅇ fills the consonant slot
+4. **Vowel position determines layout**: Vertical vowels → consonant left; horizontal → consonant above
+
+## Practice Recognition
+
+:::exercise{id="ko-alph-03-review" type="matching" title="Vowel Review — All 10" skill="character-recognition" tests="a,ya,eo,yeo,o,yo,u,yu,eu,i" objectiveId="obj-ko-alph-03-review"}
+
+**Question:** Match each Hangul vowel to its romanization
+
+- ㅏ, ㅑ, ㅓ, ㅕ
+- ㅗ, ㅛ, ㅜ, ㅠ
+- ㅡ, ㅣ
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- ㅏ = a, ㅑ = ya, ㅓ = eo, ㅕ = yeo
+- ㅗ = o, ㅛ = yo, ㅜ = u, ㅠ = yu
+- ㅡ = eu, ㅣ = i
+
+**Explanation:** The ten basic vowels divide into five pairs. Each base vowel (ㅏ, ㅓ, ㅗ, ㅜ) has a "y" variant formed by adding an extra stroke. ㅡ and ㅣ are the two "singleton" vowels.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="ko-alph-03-syllables" type="fill-in-blank" title="Syllable Block Reading" skill="syllable-analysis" tests="a,eo,o,u,eu,i" objectiveId="obj-ko-alph-03-syllables"}
+
+**Question:** Read these syllables written with the silent consonant ㅇ:
+
+- 아 = ___
+- 어 = ___
+- 오 = ___
+- 우 = ___
+- 으 = ___
+- 이 = ___
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- 아 = a
+- 어 = eo
+- 오 = o
+- 우 = u
+- 으 = eu
+- 이 = i
+
+**Explanation:** Each syllable uses ㅇ (silent) + vowel. The ㅇ at the start of a syllable has no sound — it is purely a structural placeholder. When ㅇ appears at the **end** of a syllable (as batchim), it makes an "ng" sound.
+
+:::
+
+## What's Next
+
+In Lesson 4, you will learn your first group of consonants: ㄱ (giyeok), ㄴ (nieun), and ㄷ (digeut). With consonants added to the vowels you know, you can start reading real Korean words.

package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-04.mdx

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+---
+type: lesson
+id: korean-hangul-lesson-04
+title: "Lesson 4 — Basic Consonants I (ㄱ, ㄴ, ㄷ, ㄹ, ㅁ)"
+description: "Learn the first five Korean basic consonants: giyeok, nieun, digeut, rieul, mieum"
+order: 4
+parentId: ko-alphabet
+difficulty: beginner
+cefrLevel: A1
+categories:
+  - consonants
+  - basic-characters
+metadata:
+  estimatedTime: 25
+  prerequisites: [korean-hangul-lesson-03]
+  learningObjectives:
+    - id: obj-ko-alph-04-recognize
+      description: "Recognize the consonants ㄱ, ㄴ, ㄷ, ㄹ, ㅁ"
+      skill: character-recognition
+      references: [giyeok, nieun, digeut, rieul, mieum]
+    - id: obj-ko-alph-04-sounds
+      description: "Produce the sounds of ㄱ, ㄴ, ㄷ, ㄹ, ㅁ"
+      skill: character-sound-mapping
+      references: [giyeok, nieun, digeut, rieul, mieum]
+---
+
+# Lesson 4 — Basic Consonants I (ㄱ, ㄴ, ㄷ, ㄹ, ㅁ)
+
+## Introduction
+
+Korean has 14 basic consonants. In this lesson, you will learn the first five. Unlike English consonants, Korean consonants can appear at both the beginning and end of a syllable — and their pronunciation may change depending on position.
+
+## Characters
+
+:::character-set{id="ko-consonants-1" title="Basic Consonants I"}
+
+::character{id="giyeok" canonicalRef="giyeok" char="ㄱ" name="ㄱ 기역 (giyeok)" charType="consonant" data:romanization="g/k" data:ipa="g~k"}
+
+::character{id="nieun" canonicalRef="nieun" char="ㄴ" name="ㄴ 니은 (nieun)" charType="consonant" data:romanization="n" data:ipa="n"}
+
+::character{id="digeut" canonicalRef="digeut" char="ㄷ" name="ㄷ 디귿 (digeut)" charType="consonant" data:romanization="d/t" data:ipa="d~t"}
+
+::character{id="rieul" canonicalRef="rieul" char="ㄹ" name="ㄹ 리을 (rieul)" charType="consonant" data:romanization="r/l" data:ipa="ɾ~l"}
+
+::character{id="mieum" canonicalRef="mieum" char="ㅁ" name="ㅁ 미음 (mieum)" charType="consonant" data:romanization="m" data:ipa="m"}
+
+:::
+
+## Pronunciation Guide
+
+| Character | Name | Initial Sound | Final Sound | Notes |
+|-----------|------|--------------|-------------|-------|
+| ㄱ | 기역 (giyeok) | g (like "go") | k (stopped) | Unaspirated at start |
+| ㄴ | 니은 (nieun) | n | n | Same in all positions |
+| ㄷ | 디귿 (digeut) | d (like "do") | t (stopped) | Unaspirated at start |
+| ㄹ | 리을 (rieul) | r (flap) | l | Like Spanish "r" at start; "l" at end |
+| ㅁ | 미음 (mieum) | m | m | Same in all positions |
+
+**Key point about ㄱ and ㄷ:** Korean consonants at the start of a syllable are "unaspirated" — unlike English "g" and "d," they are produced with less breath. They sound slightly between "g/k" and "d/t."
+
+**Key point about ㄹ:** At the start of a syllable, ㄹ makes a flap "r" sound (like the "d" in "butter" in American English). At the end of a syllable, it sounds like "l."
+
+## Syllable Examples
+
+| Syllable | Letters | Pronunciation | Meaning |
+|----------|---------|---------------|---------|
+| 가 | ㄱ + ㅏ | ga | go (verb stem) |
+| 나 | ㄴ + ㅏ | na | I/me (informal) |
+| 다 | ㄷ + ㅏ | da | all |
+| 라 | ㄹ + ㅏ | ra/la | (syllable in names) |
+| 마 | ㅁ + ㅏ | ma | mom (casual) |
+
+## Common Words
+
+| Korean | Romanization | Meaning |
+|--------|-------------|---------|
+| 나라 | na-ra | country |
+| 나무 | na-mu | tree |
+| 고구마 | go-gu-ma | sweet potato |
+| 머리 | meo-ri | head / hair |
+| 다리 | da-ri | leg / bridge |
+
+## Consonant Name Patterns
+
+Korean consonant names follow a pattern: **base-sound + vowel + base-sound** (or just descriptive):
+
+| Consonant | Name | Reading |
+|-----------|------|---------|
+| ㄱ | 기역 | gi-yeok |
+| ㄴ | 니은 | ni-eun |
+| ㄷ | 디귿 | di-geut |
+| ㄹ | 리을 | ri-eul |
+| ㅁ | 미음 | mi-eum |
+
+## Key Points
+
+1. **Position matters**: ㄱ sounds like "g" at the start, "k" at the end
+2. **ㄹ is versatile**: "r" at the start (flap), "l" at the end of a syllable
+3. **ㄴ and ㅁ are consistent**: Same sound in all positions
+4. **No aspiration**: Korean g/d at syllable starts have less breath than English
+
+## Practice Recognition
+
+:::exercise{id="ko-alph-04-recognition" type="matching" title="Match Consonants to Names" skill="character-recognition" tests="giyeok,nieun,digeut,rieul,mieum" objectiveId="obj-ko-alph-04-recognize"}
+
+**Question:** Match each consonant to its Korean name
+
+- ㄱ
+- ㄴ
+- ㄷ
+- ㄹ
+- ㅁ
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- ㄱ = 기역 (giyeok)
+- ㄴ = 니은 (nieun)
+- ㄷ = 디귿 (digeut)
+- ㄹ = 리을 (rieul)
+- ㅁ = 미음 (mieum)
+
+**Explanation:** Korean consonant names are standardized. Learning the names helps you communicate about letters and look them up in dictionaries, which are organized by consonant order.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="ko-alph-04-sounds" type="fill-in-blank" title="Consonant Sound Mapping" skill="character-sound-mapping" tests="giyeok,nieun,digeut,rieul,mieum" objectiveId="obj-ko-alph-04-sounds"}
+
+**Question:** What is the initial (syllable-start) sound for each consonant?
+
+- ㄱ initial = ___
+- ㄴ initial = ___
+- ㄷ initial = ___
+- ㄹ initial = ___
+- ㅁ initial = ___
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- ㄱ = g (unaspirated, like "go")
+- ㄴ = n
+- ㄷ = d (unaspirated, like "do")
+- ㄹ = r (flap, like Spanish "r")
+- ㅁ = m
+
+**Explanation:** At the start of a syllable, ㄱ and ㄷ are voiced and unaspirated. ㄴ and ㅁ are nasal consonants that sound the same everywhere. ㄹ is a liquid consonant with two sounds depending on position.
+
+:::
+
+## What's Next
+
+In Lesson 5, you will learn the remaining nine basic consonants: ㅂ, ㅅ, ㅇ, ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅋ, ㅌ, ㅍ, ㅎ.

package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-05.mdx

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+---
+type: lesson
+id: korean-hangul-lesson-05
+title: "Lesson 5 — Basic Consonants II (ㅂ, ㅅ, ㅇ, ㅈ, ㅊ)"
+description: "Learn five more Korean basic consonants: bieup, siot, ieung, jieut, chieut"
+order: 5
+parentId: ko-alphabet
+difficulty: beginner
+cefrLevel: A1
+categories:
+  - consonants
+  - basic-characters
+metadata:
+  estimatedTime: 25
+  prerequisites: [korean-hangul-lesson-04]
+  learningObjectives:
+    - id: obj-ko-alph-05-recognize
+      description: "Recognize the consonants ㅂ, ㅅ, ㅇ, ㅈ, ㅊ"
+      skill: character-recognition
+      references: [bieup, siot, ieung, jieut, chieut]
+    - id: obj-ko-alph-05-sounds
+      description: "Produce the sounds of ㅂ, ㅅ, ㅇ, ㅈ, ㅊ"
+      skill: character-sound-mapping
+      references: [bieup, siot, ieung, jieut, chieut]
+---
+
+# Lesson 5 — Basic Consonants II (ㅂ, ㅅ, ㅇ, ㅈ, ㅊ)
+
+## Introduction
+
+In this lesson, you will learn five more consonants including the dual-purpose ㅇ (ieung) — which you have already seen as the silent placeholder consonant. You will also learn your first aspirated consonant, ㅊ.
+
+## Characters
+
+:::character-set{id="ko-consonants-2" title="Basic Consonants II"}
+
+::character{id="bieup" canonicalRef="bieup" char="ㅂ" name="ㅂ 비읍 (bieup)" charType="consonant" data:romanization="b/p" data:ipa="b~p"}
+
+::character{id="siot" canonicalRef="siot" char="ㅅ" name="ㅅ 시옷 (siot)" charType="consonant" data:romanization="s" data:ipa="s~ɕ"}
+
+::character{id="ieung" canonicalRef="ieung" char="ㅇ" name="ㅇ 이응 (ieung)" charType="consonant" data:romanization="silent/ng" data:ipa="ŋ"}
+
+::character{id="jieut" canonicalRef="jieut" char="ㅈ" name="ㅈ 지읒 (jieut)" charType="consonant" data:romanization="j" data:ipa="dʑ"}
+
+::character{id="chieut" canonicalRef="chieut" char="ㅊ" name="ㅊ 치읓 (chieut)" charType="consonant" data:romanization="ch" data:ipa="tɕʰ"}
+
+:::
+
+## Pronunciation Guide
+
+| Character | Name | Initial Sound | Final Sound | Notes |
+|-----------|------|--------------|-------------|-------|
+| ㅂ | 비읍 (bieup) | b (unaspirated) | p (stopped) | Like "b" in "boat" |
+| ㅅ | 시옷 (siot) | s | t (stopped) | Like "sh" before i/y; "s" otherwise |
+| ㅇ | 이응 (ieung) | silent | ng | Silent at start; "ng" at end |
+| ㅈ | 지읒 (jieut) | j | t (stopped) | Like "j" in "jump" |
+| ㅊ | 치읓 (chieut) | ch (aspirated) | t (stopped) | Like "ch" in "child" — with strong breath |
+
+**Key distinction — ㅈ vs ㅊ:** Both sound like "j/ch" but ㅊ is aspirated — produced with a strong puff of air. This aspiration is the key difference between many Korean consonant pairs.
+
+**ㅅ before i or y sounds:** When ㅅ comes before ㅣ, ㅑ, ㅕ, ㅛ, or ㅠ, it sounds more like "sh." For example: 시 (si) → sounds like "shi."
+
+## Syllable Examples
+
+| Syllable | Letters | Pronunciation | Meaning |
+|----------|---------|---------------|---------|
+| 바 | ㅂ + ㅏ | ba | (syllable in many words) |
+| 사 | ㅅ + ㅏ | sa | four (in Sino-Korean) |
+| 아 | ㅇ + ㅏ | a | ah! / child (in compounds) |
+| 자 | ㅈ + ㅏ | ja | ruler (measuring) |
+| 차 | ㅊ + ㅏ | cha | tea / car |
+
+## Common Words
+
+| Korean | Romanization | Meaning |
+|--------|-------------|---------|
+| 바나나 | ba-na-na | banana |
+| 사과 | sa-gwa | apple |
+| 자동차 | ja-dong-cha | automobile |
+| 주스 | ju-seu | juice |
+| 초콜릿 | cho-kol-rit | chocolate |
+
+## ㅇ — The Dual-Purpose Consonant
+
+ㅇ (ieung) is unique in Korean:
+
+| Position | Role | Example |
+|----------|------|---------|
+| **Start** of syllable | Silent placeholder | 아 = a, 이 = i |
+| **End** of syllable | Makes "ng" sound | 강 = gang, 영 = yeong |
+
+This is why 아 (a) and 강 (gang) both use ㅇ — but in different positions.
+
+## Key Points
+
+1. **ㅂ and ㅈ are unaspirated**: Slightly between English "b/p" and "j/ch"
+2. **ㅊ is aspirated**: Strong puff of air — like English "ch" in "child"
+3. **ㅇ has two jobs**: Silent at start; "ng" sound at end of syllable
+4. **ㅅ + i/y = "sh"**: 시 sounds like "shi," not "si"
+
+## Practice Recognition
+
+:::exercise{id="ko-alph-05-recognition" type="matching" title="Match Consonants to Names" skill="character-recognition" tests="bieup,siot,ieung,jieut,chieut" objectiveId="obj-ko-alph-05-recognize"}
+
+**Question:** Match each consonant to its Korean name
+
+- ㅂ
+- ㅅ
+- ㅇ
+- ㅈ
+- ㅊ
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- ㅂ = 비읍 (bieup)
+- ㅅ = 시옷 (siot)
+- ㅇ = 이응 (ieung)
+- ㅈ = 지읒 (jieut)
+- ㅊ = 치읓 (chieut)
+
+**Explanation:** Notice that ㅊ looks like ㅈ with an extra stroke on top. This visual pattern corresponds to the phonetic distinction: the extra stroke symbolizes the extra breath (aspiration) in pronunciation.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="ko-alph-05-ieung-positions" type="multiple-choice" title="ㅇ Position Challenge" skill="character-sound-mapping" tests="ieung" objectiveId="obj-ko-alph-05-sounds"}
+
+**Question:** In the word 영어 (yeong-eo, meaning "English language"), how many times does ㅇ appear and what is its role each time?
+
+**Options:**
+- Once, silent
+- Twice: first as "ng," second as silent
+- Twice: first as silent, second as "ng"
+- Once, as "ng"
+
+**Answer:** 2
+
+**Explanation:** 영 = ㅇ(silent)+ㅕ+ㅇ(ng). The first ㅇ in 영 is in the initial position (silent), while the second ㅇ is in the final position (ng sound). Then 어 = ㅇ(silent)+ㅓ — silent again at the start of 어.
+
+:::
+
+## What's Next
+
+In Lesson 6, you will complete the 14 basic consonants with ㅋ, ㅌ, ㅍ, and ㅎ — the remaining aspirated and fricative consonants.