@syllst/ko 0.1.1
This diff represents the content of publicly available package versions that have been released to one of the supported registries. The information contained in this diff is provided for informational purposes only and reflects changes between package versions as they appear in their respective public registries.
- package/dist/index.d.ts +80 -0
- package/dist/index.js +30 -0
- package/dist/shared.js +26 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/alphabet/index.d.ts +7 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/alphabet/index.js +47 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-01.mdx.js +154 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-02.mdx.js +169 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-03.mdx.js +164 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-04.mdx.js +154 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-05.mdx.js +147 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-06.mdx.js +169 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-07.mdx.js +147 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-08.mdx.js +172 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-09.mdx.js +159 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-10.mdx.js +175 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/essentials/index.d.ts +7 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/essentials/index.js +39 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-01.mdx.js +187 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-02.mdx.js +206 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-03.mdx.js +221 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-04.mdx.js +190 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-05.mdx.js +211 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-06.mdx.js +224 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/numbers/index.d.ts +7 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/numbers/index.js +37 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/numbers/lessons/lesson-01.mdx.js +175 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/numbers/lessons/lesson-02.mdx.js +200 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/numbers/lessons/lesson-03.mdx.js +193 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/numbers/lessons/lesson-04.mdx.js +166 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/numbers/lessons/lesson-05.mdx.js +237 -0
- package/package.json +72 -0
- package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-01.mdx +150 -0
- package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-02.mdx +165 -0
- package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-03.mdx +160 -0
- package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-04.mdx +150 -0
- package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-05.mdx +143 -0
- package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-06.mdx +165 -0
- package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-07.mdx +143 -0
- package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-08.mdx +168 -0
- package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-09.mdx +155 -0
- package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-10.mdx +171 -0
- package/src/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-01.mdx +183 -0
- package/src/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-02.mdx +202 -0
- package/src/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-03.mdx +217 -0
- package/src/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-04.mdx +186 -0
- package/src/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-05.mdx +207 -0
- package/src/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-06.mdx +220 -0
- package/src/syllabi/numbers/lessons/lesson-01.mdx +171 -0
- package/src/syllabi/numbers/lessons/lesson-02.mdx +196 -0
- package/src/syllabi/numbers/lessons/lesson-03.mdx +189 -0
- package/src/syllabi/numbers/lessons/lesson-04.mdx +162 -0
- package/src/syllabi/numbers/lessons/lesson-05.mdx +233 -0
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const n = `---
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type: lesson
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id: korean-hangul-lesson-08
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title: "Lesson 8 — Double Consonants Review & Reading Practice"
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description: "Consolidate the three-series consonant system and practice reading words with all consonant types"
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order: 8
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parentId: ko-alphabet
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difficulty: beginner
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cefrLevel: A1
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categories:
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- consonants
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- reading-practice
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metadata:
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estimatedTime: 25
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prerequisites: [korean-hangul-lesson-07]
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learningObjectives:
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- id: obj-ko-alph-08-distinguish
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description: "Distinguish plain, aspirated, and tense consonant sounds in words"
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skill: character-sound-mapping
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references: [giyeok, kieuk, ssang-giyeok, bieup, pieup, ssang-bieup]
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- id: obj-ko-alph-08-reading
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description: "Read words containing all three consonant series"
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skill: word-recognition
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references: [giyeok, nieun, digeut, rieul, mieum, bieup, siot, ieung, jieut, chieut, kieuk, tieut, pieup, hieut, ssang-giyeok, ssang-digeut, ssang-bieup, ssang-siot, ssang-jieut]
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---
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# Lesson 8 — Double Consonants Review & Reading Practice
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## Introduction
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You now know all 19 Korean consonants (14 basic + 5 double). Before moving on to compound vowels, this lesson will consolidate your understanding of the three-consonant series system and give you practice reading words that use all consonant types.
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## The Complete Korean Consonant Chart
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### Basic Consonants (14)
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| Consonant | Name | Sound |
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|-----------|------|-------|
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| ㄱ | 기역 | g/k |
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| ㄴ | 니은 | n |
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| ㄷ | 디귿 | d/t |
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| ㄹ | 리을 | r/l |
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| ㅁ | 미음 | m |
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| ㅂ | 비읍 | b/p |
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| ㅅ | 시옷 | s |
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| ㅇ | 이응 | silent/ng |
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| ㅈ | 지읒 | j |
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| ㅊ | 치읓 | ch |
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| ㅋ | 키읔 | k (asp.) |
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| ㅌ | 티읕 | t (asp.) |
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| ㅍ | 피읖 | p (asp.) |
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| ㅎ | 히읗 | h |
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### Double Consonants (5)
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| Consonant | Name | Sound |
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|-----------|------|-------|
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| ㄲ | 쌍기역 | kk |
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| ㄸ | 쌍디귿 | tt |
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| ㅃ | 쌍비읍 | pp |
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| ㅆ | 쌍시옷 | ss |
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| ㅉ | 쌍지읒 | jj |
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## Three-Series Minimal Pairs
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Practice these minimal pairs to sharpen your hearing:
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| Plain | Aspirated | Tense | Meaning changes |
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|-------|----------|-------|-----------------|
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| 가다 (ga-da) | 카드 (ka-deu) | 까다 (kka-da) | go / card / picky |
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| 달 (dal) | 탈 (tal) | 딸 (ttal) | moon / mask / daughter |
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| 발 (bal) | 팔 (pal) | 빨 (ppal) | foot / arm / to suck |
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| 자다 (ja-da) | 차다 (cha-da) | 짜다 (jja-da) | to sleep / cold/kick / salty |
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:::character-set{id="ko-consonants-review" title="Consonant Review — Key Contrasts"}
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::character{id="giyeok" canonicalRef="giyeok" char="ㄱ" name="ㄱ 기역 (plain g)" charType="consonant" data:romanization="g" data:ipa="g"}
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::character{id="kieuk" canonicalRef="kieuk" char="ㅋ" name="ㅋ 키읔 (aspirated k)" charType="consonant" data:romanization="k" data:ipa="kʰ"}
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::character{id="ssang-giyeok" canonicalRef="ssang-giyeok" char="ㄲ" name="ㄲ 쌍기역 (tense kk)" charType="consonant" data:romanization="kk" data:ipa="k͈"}
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::character{id="bieup" canonicalRef="bieup" char="ㅂ" name="ㅂ 비읍 (plain b)" charType="consonant" data:romanization="b" data:ipa="b"}
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::character{id="pieup" canonicalRef="pieup" char="ㅍ" name="ㅍ 피읖 (aspirated p)" charType="consonant" data:romanization="p" data:ipa="pʰ"}
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::character{id="ssang-bieup" canonicalRef="ssang-bieup" char="ㅃ" name="ㅃ 쌍비읍 (tense pp)" charType="consonant" data:romanization="pp" data:ipa="p͈"}
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:::
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## Reading Practice — Real Korean Words
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Practice reading these words using your knowledge of all consonants:
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### Food Words
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| Korean | Romanization | Meaning |
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|--------|-------------|---------|
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| 김치 | gim-chi | kimchi |
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| 된장 | doen-jang | fermented soybean paste |
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| 삼겹살 | sam-gyeop-sal | pork belly |
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| 비빔밥 | bi-bim-bap | mixed rice dish |
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| 떡볶이 | tteok-bo-kki | spicy rice cakes |
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### Common Verbs
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| Korean | Romanization | Meaning |
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|--------|-------------|---------|
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| 가다 | ga-da | to go |
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| 오다 | o-da | to come |
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| 먹다 | meok-da | to eat |
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| 자다 | ja-da | to sleep |
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| 보다 | bo-da | to see/watch |
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## Key Points
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1. **19 consonants total**: 14 basic + 5 double
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2. **Three series**: Plain (light) → Aspirated (breath) → Tense (tension)
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3. **Minimal pairs matter**: ㄱ/ㅋ/ㄲ can completely change meaning
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4. **Reading real words**: Use context to identify which consonant you are seeing
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## Practice Exercises
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:::exercise{id="ko-alph-08-distinguish" type="matching" title="Plain vs Aspirated vs Tense" skill="character-sound-mapping" tests="giyeok,kieuk,ssang-giyeok,bieup,pieup,ssang-bieup" objectiveId="obj-ko-alph-08-distinguish"}
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**Question:** Classify each consonant as plain, aspirated, or tense
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- ㄱ
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- ㅋ
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- ㄲ
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- ㅂ
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- ㅍ
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- ㅃ
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**Answer:**
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- ㄱ = plain
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- ㅋ = aspirated
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- ㄲ = tense (double)
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- ㅂ = plain
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- ㅍ = aspirated
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- ㅃ = tense (double)
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**Explanation:** Visual pattern: single symbol = plain, extra stroke = aspirated, doubled symbol = tense. This three-way system is fundamental to Korean pronunciation.
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:::
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:::exercise{id="ko-alph-08-reading" type="fill-in-blank" title="Read Korean Food Words" skill="word-recognition" tests="giyeok,nieun,digeut,rieul,mieum,bieup,siot,ieung,jieut,chieut,kieuk,tieut,pieup,hieut,ssang-giyeok,ssang-digeut,ssang-bieup,ssang-siot,ssang-jieut" objectiveId="obj-ko-alph-08-reading"}
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**Question:** Romanize these Korean food words:
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- 김치 = ___
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- 비빔밥 = ___
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- 떡볶이 = ___
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**Answer:**
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- 김치 = gim-chi
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- 비빔밥 = bi-bim-bap
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- 떡볶이 = tteok-bo-kki
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**Explanation:** 떡볶이 uses the double consonant ㄸ (tt) at the start of 떡 and ㄲ (kk) in 볶이. Recognizing these is key to correct pronunciation.
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:::
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## What's Next
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In Lesson 9, you will learn the first group of compound vowels: ㅐ, ㅒ, ㅔ, ㅖ — the "ae/e" vowels that are formed by combining basic vowels.
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`;
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export {
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n as default
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};
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const n = `---
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type: lesson
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id: korean-hangul-lesson-09
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title: "Lesson 9 — Compound Vowels I (ㅐ, ㅒ, ㅔ, ㅖ, ㅘ, ㅙ)"
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description: "Learn the first six compound vowels: ae, yae, e, ye, wa, wae"
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order: 9
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parentId: ko-alphabet
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difficulty: beginner
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cefrLevel: A1
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categories:
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- vowels
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- compound-vowels
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metadata:
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estimatedTime: 25
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prerequisites: [korean-hangul-lesson-08]
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learningObjectives:
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- id: obj-ko-alph-09-recognize
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description: "Recognize the compound vowels ㅐ, ㅒ, ㅔ, ㅖ, ㅘ, ㅙ"
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skill: character-recognition
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references: [ae, yae, e, ye, wa, wae]
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- id: obj-ko-alph-09-sounds
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description: "Map each compound vowel to its sound"
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skill: character-sound-mapping
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references: [ae, yae, e, ye, wa, wae]
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---
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# Lesson 9 — Compound Vowels I (ㅐ, ㅒ, ㅔ, ㅖ, ㅘ, ㅙ)
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## Introduction
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Korean has 11 compound vowels (이중모음, ijeung-moeum) — vowels formed by combining two basic vowels. These vowels appear in many common Korean words and must be learned to read Korean fluently.
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In modern spoken Korean, some of these distinctions have merged in pronunciation, but they remain distinct in spelling.
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## Characters
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:::character-set{id="ko-compound-vowels-1" title="Compound Vowels I"}
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::character{id="ae" canonicalRef="ae" char="ㅐ" name="ㅐ 애 (ae)" charType="vowel" data:romanization="ae" data:ipa="ɛ"}
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::character{id="yae" canonicalRef="yae" char="ㅒ" name="ㅒ 얘 (yae)" charType="vowel" data:romanization="yae" data:ipa="jɛ"}
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::character{id="e" canonicalRef="e" char="ㅔ" name="ㅔ 에 (e)" charType="vowel" data:romanization="e" data:ipa="e"}
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::character{id="ye" canonicalRef="ye" char="ㅖ" name="ㅖ 예 (ye)" charType="vowel" data:romanization="ye" data:ipa="je"}
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::character{id="wa" canonicalRef="wa" char="ㅘ" name="ㅘ 와 (wa)" charType="vowel" data:romanization="wa" data:ipa="wa"}
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::character{id="wae" canonicalRef="wae" char="ㅙ" name="ㅙ 왜 (wae)" charType="vowel" data:romanization="wae" data:ipa="wɛ"}
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:::
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## How Compound Vowels Are Formed
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Each compound vowel combines two basic vowels:
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| Compound | Components | Notes |
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|----------|-----------|-------|
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| ㅐ | ㅏ + ㅣ | Originally a diphthong, now often /ɛ/ |
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| ㅒ | ㅑ + ㅣ | "y" + ㅐ |
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| ㅔ | ㅓ + ㅣ | Historically eo+i, now /e/ |
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| ㅖ | ㅕ + ㅣ | "y" + ㅔ |
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| ㅘ | ㅗ + ㅏ | o+a = "wa" |
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| ㅙ | ㅗ + ㅐ | o+ae = "wae" |
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## Pronunciation Guide
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| Vowel | Romanization | Sound | English Approximation |
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|-------|-------------|-------|----------------------|
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| ㅐ | ae | /ɛ/ | "e" in "bed" |
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| ㅒ | yae | /jɛ/ | "ye" in "yes" + "bed" |
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| ㅔ | e | /e/ | "e" in "bed" (often same as ㅐ in modern speech) |
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| ㅖ | ye | /je/ | "ye" in "yes" |
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| ㅘ | wa | /wa/ | "wa" in "water" |
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| ㅙ | wae | /wɛ/ | "we" in "wet" |
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**Important note:** In modern Korean, ㅐ and ㅔ are often pronounced identically (both /e/). Native speakers rely on spelling rather than sound to distinguish them. Similarly, ㅒ and ㅖ merge for many speakers.
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## Syllable Examples
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| Syllable | Pronunciation | Meaning |
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|----------|---------------|---------|
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| 애 | ae | baby / child |
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| 에 | e | in / at (particle) |
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| 왜 | wae | why |
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| 와 | wa | wow / come (imperative) |
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| 예 | ye | yes (formal) |
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## Common Words
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| Korean | Romanization | Meaning |
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|--------|-------------|---------|
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| 왜요? | wae-yo? | Why? |
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| 와! | wa! | Wow! |
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| 예쁘다 | ye-ppeu-da | pretty |
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| 애기 | ae-gi | baby (informal) |
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| 과일 | gwa-il | fruit |
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| 외국 | oe-guk | foreign country |
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## Key Points
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1. **ㅐ and ㅔ often sound identical**: In modern Korean, both are usually /e/ — spelling matters more than sound
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2. **ㅘ = o + a = wa**: The "w" sound comes from the ㅗ component
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3. **ㅒ and ㅖ are rare**: You will encounter them, but less frequently than ㅐ and ㅔ
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4. **"y" variants follow the pattern**: ㅒ, ㅖ add a "y" sound before ㅐ, ㅔ
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## Practice Recognition
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:::exercise{id="ko-alph-09-recognition" type="matching" title="Match Compound Vowels" skill="character-recognition" tests="ae,yae,e,ye,wa,wae" objectiveId="obj-ko-alph-09-recognize"}
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**Question:** Match each compound vowel to its romanization
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- ㅐ
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- ㅒ
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- ㅔ
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- ㅖ
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- ㅘ
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- ㅙ
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**Answer:**
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- ㅐ = ae
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- ㅒ = yae
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- ㅔ = e
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- ㅖ = ye
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- ㅘ = wa
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- ㅙ = wae
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**Explanation:** The shape of each compound vowel visually combines the two basic vowels it represents. For example, ㅘ = ㅗ + ㅏ — you can see both shapes merged into one character.
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:::
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:::exercise{id="ko-alph-09-sounds" type="fill-in-blank" title="Compound Vowel Sounds" skill="character-sound-mapping" tests="ae,e,wa,wae" objectiveId="obj-ko-alph-09-sounds"}
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**Question:** What sound does each vowel make?
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- ㅐ sounds like ___
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- ㅔ sounds like ___
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- ㅘ sounds like ___
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- ㅙ sounds like ___
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**Answer:**
|
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|
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- ㅐ = /ɛ/ — "e" in "bed"
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- ㅔ = /e/ — "e" in "bed" (often same as ㅐ today)
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146
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- ㅘ = /wa/ — "wa" in "water"
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- ㅙ = /wɛ/ — "we" in "wet"
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**Explanation:** The key practical point: ㅐ and ㅔ are spelled differently but sound nearly identical in modern Korean. When writing, you must remember which spelling a word uses.
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:::
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## What's Next
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In Lesson 10, you will learn the remaining five compound vowels: ㅚ, ㅝ, ㅞ, ㅟ, ㅢ — and complete your mastery of the full Korean writing system.
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export {
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n as default
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};
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const n = `---
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type: lesson
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id: korean-hangul-lesson-10
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title: "Lesson 10 — Compound Vowels II (ㅚ, ㅝ, ㅞ, ㅟ, ㅢ)"
|
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5
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description: "Complete the compound vowels: oe, wo, we, wi, ui — and review the full Hangul system"
|
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order: 10
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parentId: ko-alphabet
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difficulty: beginner
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9
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cefrLevel: A1
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categories:
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- vowels
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- compound-vowels
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metadata:
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estimatedTime: 30
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prerequisites: [korean-hangul-lesson-09]
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learningObjectives:
|
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- id: obj-ko-alph-10-recognize
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description: "Recognize the compound vowels ㅚ, ㅝ, ㅞ, ㅟ, ㅢ"
|
|
19
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+
skill: character-recognition
|
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20
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+
references: [oe, wo, we, wi, ui]
|
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21
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- id: obj-ko-alph-10-review
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description: "Recall all 21 Korean vowels (10 basic + 11 compound)"
|
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23
|
+
skill: character-sound-mapping
|
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+
references: [ae, yae, e, ye, wa, wae, oe, wo, we, wi, ui]
|
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|
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---
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+
|
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27
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# Lesson 10 — Compound Vowels II (ㅚ, ㅝ, ㅞ, ㅟ, ㅢ) & Full Review
|
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+
|
|
29
|
+
## Introduction
|
|
30
|
+
|
|
31
|
+
This final lesson of the Korean alphabet unit completes the 11 compound vowels. After this lesson, you will know all 21 Korean vowels and all 19 consonants — the complete Hangul system.
|
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|
+
|
|
33
|
+
## Characters
|
|
34
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|
|
35
|
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:::character-set{id="ko-compound-vowels-2" title="Compound Vowels II"}
|
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|
+
|
|
37
|
+
::character{id="oe" canonicalRef="oe" char="ㅚ" name="ㅚ 외 (oe)" charType="vowel" data:romanization="oe" data:ipa="we"}
|
|
38
|
+
|
|
39
|
+
::character{id="wo" canonicalRef="wo" char="ㅝ" name="ㅝ 워 (wo)" charType="vowel" data:romanization="wo" data:ipa="wʌ"}
|
|
40
|
+
|
|
41
|
+
::character{id="we" canonicalRef="we" char="ㅞ" name="ㅞ 웨 (we)" charType="vowel" data:romanization="we" data:ipa="we"}
|
|
42
|
+
|
|
43
|
+
::character{id="wi" canonicalRef="wi" char="ㅟ" name="ㅟ 위 (wi)" charType="vowel" data:romanization="wi" data:ipa="wi"}
|
|
44
|
+
|
|
45
|
+
::character{id="ui" canonicalRef="ui" char="ㅢ" name="ㅢ 의 (ui)" charType="vowel" data:romanization="ui" data:ipa="ɰi"}
|
|
46
|
+
|
|
47
|
+
:::
|
|
48
|
+
|
|
49
|
+
## How These Are Formed
|
|
50
|
+
|
|
51
|
+
| Compound | Components | Notes |
|
|
52
|
+
|----------|-----------|-------|
|
|
53
|
+
| ㅚ | ㅗ + ㅣ | Historically "oi" but now usually /we/ |
|
|
54
|
+
| ㅝ | ㅜ + ㅓ | u+eo = "wo" |
|
|
55
|
+
| ㅞ | ㅜ + ㅔ | u+e = "we" |
|
|
56
|
+
| ㅟ | ㅜ + ㅣ | u+i = "wi" |
|
|
57
|
+
| ㅢ | ㅡ + ㅣ | eu+i = "ui" — unique pronunciation rules |
|
|
58
|
+
|
|
59
|
+
## Pronunciation Guide
|
|
60
|
+
|
|
61
|
+
| Vowel | Romanization | Sound | Notes |
|
|
62
|
+
|-------|-------------|-------|-------|
|
|
63
|
+
| ㅚ | oe | /we/ | In modern Korean, sounds like "we" |
|
|
64
|
+
| ㅝ | wo | /wʌ/ | "wo" — between "wo" and "wuh" |
|
|
65
|
+
| ㅞ | we | /we/ | Like "we" in "well" |
|
|
66
|
+
| ㅟ | wi | /wi/ | Like "we" in "week" |
|
|
67
|
+
| ㅢ | ui | /ɰi/ | Special rules — see below |
|
|
68
|
+
|
|
69
|
+
## Special Case: ㅢ (ui)
|
|
70
|
+
|
|
71
|
+
ㅢ has context-dependent pronunciation:
|
|
72
|
+
|
|
73
|
+
| Position | Pronunciation | Example |
|
|
74
|
+
|----------|---------------|---------|
|
|
75
|
+
| Word-initial syllable | /ɰi/ (eu+i glide) | 의사 (doctor) → /ɰisa/ |
|
|
76
|
+
| After a consonant (non-initial) | /i/ | 회의 (meeting) → /hweji/ |
|
|
77
|
+
| Possessive particle 의 | /e/ | 나의 (my) → /nae/ |
|
|
78
|
+
|
|
79
|
+
This is one of the most complex vowel rules in Korean, but it is important because 의 is a very common particle.
|
|
80
|
+
|
|
81
|
+
## Merging in Modern Speech
|
|
82
|
+
|
|
83
|
+
In modern Korean, several compound vowels have merged:
|
|
84
|
+
|
|
85
|
+
| Vowels | Modern pronunciation | Kept distinct by |
|
|
86
|
+
|--------|---------------------|------------------|
|
|
87
|
+
| ㅐ / ㅔ | Both /e/ | Spelling only |
|
|
88
|
+
| ㅒ / ㅖ | Both /je/ | Spelling only |
|
|
89
|
+
| ㅘ / ㅙ / ㅚ / ㅞ | Some merge to /we/ | Context/spelling |
|
|
90
|
+
|
|
91
|
+
## Common Words
|
|
92
|
+
|
|
93
|
+
| Korean | Romanization | Meaning |
|
|
94
|
+
|--------|-------------|---------|
|
|
95
|
+
| 외국어 | oe-gug-eo | foreign language |
|
|
96
|
+
| 원 | won | won (Korean currency) |
|
|
97
|
+
| 위 | wi | above / stomach |
|
|
98
|
+
| 의사 | ui-sa | doctor |
|
|
99
|
+
| 뭐 | mwo | what (casual) |
|
|
100
|
+
| 웨이터 | we-i-teo | waiter |
|
|
101
|
+
|
|
102
|
+
## Complete Vowel Chart — All 21 Korean Vowels
|
|
103
|
+
|
|
104
|
+
### 10 Basic Vowels
|
|
105
|
+
|
|
106
|
+
| ㅏ (a) | ㅑ (ya) | ㅓ (eo) | ㅕ (yeo) | ㅗ (o) |
|
|
107
|
+
|--------|---------|---------|---------|--------|
|
|
108
|
+
| ㅛ (yo) | ㅜ (u) | ㅠ (yu) | ㅡ (eu) | ㅣ (i) |
|
|
109
|
+
|
|
110
|
+
### 11 Compound Vowels
|
|
111
|
+
|
|
112
|
+
| ㅐ (ae) | ㅒ (yae) | ㅔ (e) | ㅖ (ye) |
|
|
113
|
+
|---------|---------|-------|--------|
|
|
114
|
+
| ㅘ (wa) | ㅙ (wae) | ㅚ (oe) | ㅝ (wo) |
|
|
115
|
+
| ㅞ (we) | ㅟ (wi) | ㅢ (ui) | |
|
|
116
|
+
|
|
117
|
+
## Key Points
|
|
118
|
+
|
|
119
|
+
1. **ㅢ has three pronunciations**: /ɰi/ word-initial, /i/ after consonant, /e/ as possessive particle
|
|
120
|
+
2. **ㅚ, ㅞ often merge**: Both may sound like "we" in modern Korean
|
|
121
|
+
3. **ㅝ is common**: Appears in 뭐 (mwo/what) and 원 (won/currency)
|
|
122
|
+
4. **21 vowels complete**: You now know the full Korean vowel system
|
|
123
|
+
|
|
124
|
+
## Final Review Exercise
|
|
125
|
+
|
|
126
|
+
:::exercise{id="ko-alph-10-recognize" type="matching" title="Match Final Compound Vowels" skill="character-recognition" tests="oe,wo,we,wi,ui" objectiveId="obj-ko-alph-10-recognize"}
|
|
127
|
+
|
|
128
|
+
**Question:** Match each compound vowel to its romanization
|
|
129
|
+
|
|
130
|
+
- ㅚ
|
|
131
|
+
- ㅝ
|
|
132
|
+
- ㅞ
|
|
133
|
+
- ㅟ
|
|
134
|
+
- ㅢ
|
|
135
|
+
|
|
136
|
+
**Answer:**
|
|
137
|
+
|
|
138
|
+
- ㅚ = oe
|
|
139
|
+
- ㅝ = wo
|
|
140
|
+
- ㅞ = we
|
|
141
|
+
- ㅟ = wi
|
|
142
|
+
- ㅢ = ui
|
|
143
|
+
|
|
144
|
+
**Explanation:** These five vowels all begin with a "w" or "u" glide (coming from the ㅗ or ㅜ component), except ㅢ which has the unique /ɰi/ glide. Recognizing their visual structure helps: ㅘ ㅙ ㅚ start with ㅗ; ㅝ ㅞ ㅟ start with ㅜ; ㅢ uses ㅡ.
|
|
145
|
+
|
|
146
|
+
:::
|
|
147
|
+
|
|
148
|
+
:::exercise{id="ko-alph-10-review" type="fill-in-blank" title="Complete Vowel Review" skill="character-sound-mapping" tests="ae,yae,e,ye,wa,wae,oe,wo,we,wi,ui" objectiveId="obj-ko-alph-10-review"}
|
|
149
|
+
|
|
150
|
+
**Question:** Which pairs of compound vowels are often pronounced identically in modern Korean?
|
|
151
|
+
|
|
152
|
+
**Answer:**
|
|
153
|
+
|
|
154
|
+
- ㅐ and ㅔ — both pronounced /e/
|
|
155
|
+
- ㅒ and ㅖ — both pronounced /je/
|
|
156
|
+
- ㅙ, ㅚ, and ㅞ — often all /we/
|
|
157
|
+
|
|
158
|
+
**Explanation:** Modern Korean has undergone vowel mergers. While the original distinctions are preserved in spelling, native speakers rely on context and vocabulary knowledge rather than sound alone to distinguish many compound vowels. This is why learning the spelling of individual words matters as much as learning the sounds.
|
|
159
|
+
|
|
160
|
+
:::
|
|
161
|
+
|
|
162
|
+
## Congratulations!
|
|
163
|
+
|
|
164
|
+
You have completed the Korean Hangul alphabet unit. You now know:
|
|
165
|
+
- All **10 basic vowels**
|
|
166
|
+
- All **11 compound vowels**
|
|
167
|
+
- All **14 basic consonants**
|
|
168
|
+
- All **5 double (tense) consonants**
|
|
169
|
+
- How **syllable blocks** are assembled
|
|
170
|
+
|
|
171
|
+
Continue to the Numbers and Essentials syllabi to start using Korean in practical contexts!
|
|
172
|
+
`;
|
|
173
|
+
export {
|
|
174
|
+
n as default
|
|
175
|
+
};
|
|
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
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|
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1
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+
import { SyllabusConfig, ContentLoader } from '../../shared.js';
|
|
2
|
+
export declare const config: SyllabusConfig;
|
|
3
|
+
export declare const loader: ContentLoader;
|
|
4
|
+
export declare const loadLesson: (lessonNumber: number) => Promise<import('../../shared.js').LoadedLesson>;
|
|
5
|
+
export declare const loadAllLessons: () => Promise<import('../../shared.js').LoadedLesson[]>;
|
|
6
|
+
export declare const getAvailableLessons: () => number[];
|
|
7
|
+
//# sourceMappingURL=index.d.ts.map
|
|
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
|
|
|
1
|
+
import { createContentLoader as n } from "../../shared.js";
|
|
2
|
+
const s = {
|
|
3
|
+
id: "ko-essentials",
|
|
4
|
+
title: "기초 한국어 (Korean Essentials)",
|
|
5
|
+
description: "Essential Korean phrases for greetings, introductions, shopping, directions, and daily communication",
|
|
6
|
+
language: "ko",
|
|
7
|
+
locale: "ko-KR",
|
|
8
|
+
lessonCount: 6,
|
|
9
|
+
difficulty: "beginner",
|
|
10
|
+
cefrLevel: "A1",
|
|
11
|
+
icon: "vocabulary",
|
|
12
|
+
version: "0.1.0"
|
|
13
|
+
};
|
|
14
|
+
async function t(e) {
|
|
15
|
+
switch (e) {
|
|
16
|
+
case 1:
|
|
17
|
+
return import("./lessons/lesson-01.mdx.js");
|
|
18
|
+
case 2:
|
|
19
|
+
return import("./lessons/lesson-02.mdx.js");
|
|
20
|
+
case 3:
|
|
21
|
+
return import("./lessons/lesson-03.mdx.js");
|
|
22
|
+
case 4:
|
|
23
|
+
return import("./lessons/lesson-04.mdx.js");
|
|
24
|
+
case 5:
|
|
25
|
+
return import("./lessons/lesson-05.mdx.js");
|
|
26
|
+
case 6:
|
|
27
|
+
return import("./lessons/lesson-06.mdx.js");
|
|
28
|
+
default:
|
|
29
|
+
throw new Error(`Lesson ${e} not found`);
|
|
30
|
+
}
|
|
31
|
+
}
|
|
32
|
+
const o = n(s, t), i = o.loadLesson.bind(o), a = o.loadAllLessons.bind(o), c = o.getAvailableLessons.bind(o);
|
|
33
|
+
export {
|
|
34
|
+
s as config,
|
|
35
|
+
c as getAvailableLessons,
|
|
36
|
+
a as loadAllLessons,
|
|
37
|
+
i as loadLesson,
|
|
38
|
+
o as loader
|
|
39
|
+
};
|