@oriro/orirocli 0.1.8 → 0.1.11

package/skills/social-sciences/social-international-dev/SKILL.md

@@ -1,76 +1,76 @@
----
-watermark: ORIRO
-disable-model-invocation: true
-name: social-international-dev
-provider: ORIRO.ai
-copyright: Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
-description: >
-
-
-
-
-  International development — development theory, poverty reduction, aid effectiveness, global health systems, and sustainable development goals.
-  Sources: OpenStax Economics (CC-BY), MIT OCW, World Bank, OECD, UN development resources.
----
-
-# International Development
-
-## Development theory evolution
-
-### Modernization theory (1950s-60s)
-
-Development as linear stages from traditional to modern society (Rostow's stages of growth).
-Western model as endpoint. Foreign aid and investment accelerates stages.
-**Critique:** Ignored history, colonialism, global power structures.
-
-### Dependency theory (1960s-70s)
-
-Underdevelopment actively produced by global capitalism. Core extracts value from periphery.
-**Critique:** Fatalistic; didn't explain East Asian success.
-
-### Washington Consensus (1980s-90s)
-
-IMF/World Bank prescriptions: Fiscal discipline, privatization, liberalization, free trade.
-Structural adjustment programs (SAPs) conditioned aid on policy reforms.
-**Critique:** Caused significant social harm; resulted in "lost decade" for many countries.
-
-### Human Development approach (1990s-present)
-
-Amartya Sen: Development as freedom — expanding capabilities of people.
-Not just income — health, education, political freedom, social inclusion.
-Human Development Index (HDI): Income + Education + Health.
-
-## Aid effectiveness
-
-**Evidence-based debate:** Easterly (aid often counterproductive) vs. Sachs (need massive aid push).
-**J-PAL findings (rigorous RCT evidence):**
-Cash transfers: Direct cash to poor often more effective than in-kind aid. Defies paternalism.
-Deworming: Low-cost, high impact intervention. School attendance improved.
-Microfinance: More mixed evidence than originally thought. Useful tool, not transformative.
-Conditional cash transfers: Work well in many contexts (Bolsa Família, PROGRESA/Oportunidades).
-
-**Aid modalities:**
-Project aid: Specific projects (build a school). Easier to account for; harder to coordinate.
-Budget support: Direct to government budget. Higher risk but builds local capacity.
-Technical assistance: Build skills and institutions. Quality varies enormously.
-
-## Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
-
-17 goals, 169 targets, adopted 2015 by UN. Target: 2030.
-Key goals:
-1: No poverty. 2: Zero hunger. 3: Good health. 4: Quality education.
-5: Gender equality. 6: Clean water. 7: Clean energy. 8: Decent work.
-13: Climate action. 16: Peace, justice, institutions. 17: Partnerships.
-
-Progress report: Mixed. COVID reversed many gains. Climate + conflict creating headwinds.
-
-## Health systems in developing contexts
-
-**Disease burden:** HIV/AIDS, malaria, TB, MNCH (maternal/newborn/child health), NCDs (non-communicable diseases) growing.
-**Health systems strengthening:** Building primary health care, community health workers, supply chains.
-**Global health architecture:** WHO, GAVI (vaccines), Global Fund (HIV/TB/malaria), PEPFAR (US HIV program), bilateral donors.
-**Community health workers:** Low-cost, high-impact. Ethiopia, Rwanda, Nepal — proven models.
-
-Sources: UNDP Human Development Reports (free, hdr.undp.org), J-PAL (povertyactionlab.org — free),
-World Bank development data (free), Sen "Development as Freedom" (principles),
-SDG progress reports (unstats.un.org — free), WHO global health reports (free)
+---
+watermark: ORIRO
+disable-model-invocation: true
+name: social-international-dev
+provider: ORIRO.ai
+copyright: Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
+description: >
+
+
+
+
+  International development — development theory, poverty reduction, aid effectiveness, global health systems, and sustainable development goals.
+  Sources: OpenStax Economics (CC-BY), MIT OCW, World Bank, OECD, UN development resources.
+---
+
+# International Development
+
+## Development theory evolution
+
+### Modernization theory (1950s-60s)
+
+Development as linear stages from traditional to modern society (Rostow's stages of growth).
+Western model as endpoint. Foreign aid and investment accelerates stages.
+**Critique:** Ignored history, colonialism, global power structures.
+
+### Dependency theory (1960s-70s)
+
+Underdevelopment actively produced by global capitalism. Core extracts value from periphery.
+**Critique:** Fatalistic; didn't explain East Asian success.
+
+### Washington Consensus (1980s-90s)
+
+IMF/World Bank prescriptions: Fiscal discipline, privatization, liberalization, free trade.
+Structural adjustment programs (SAPs) conditioned aid on policy reforms.
+**Critique:** Caused significant social harm; resulted in "lost decade" for many countries.
+
+### Human Development approach (1990s-present)
+
+Amartya Sen: Development as freedom — expanding capabilities of people.
+Not just income — health, education, political freedom, social inclusion.
+Human Development Index (HDI): Income + Education + Health.
+
+## Aid effectiveness
+
+**Evidence-based debate:** Easterly (aid often counterproductive) vs. Sachs (need massive aid push).
+**J-PAL findings (rigorous RCT evidence):**
+Cash transfers: Direct cash to poor often more effective than in-kind aid. Defies paternalism.
+Deworming: Low-cost, high impact intervention. School attendance improved.
+Microfinance: More mixed evidence than originally thought. Useful tool, not transformative.
+Conditional cash transfers: Work well in many contexts (Bolsa Família, PROGRESA/Oportunidades).
+
+**Aid modalities:**
+Project aid: Specific projects (build a school). Easier to account for; harder to coordinate.
+Budget support: Direct to government budget. Higher risk but builds local capacity.
+Technical assistance: Build skills and institutions. Quality varies enormously.
+
+## Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
+
+17 goals, 169 targets, adopted 2015 by UN. Target: 2030.
+Key goals:
+1: No poverty. 2: Zero hunger. 3: Good health. 4: Quality education.
+5: Gender equality. 6: Clean water. 7: Clean energy. 8: Decent work.
+13: Climate action. 16: Peace, justice, institutions. 17: Partnerships.
+
+Progress report: Mixed. COVID reversed many gains. Climate + conflict creating headwinds.
+
+## Health systems in developing contexts
+
+**Disease burden:** HIV/AIDS, malaria, TB, MNCH (maternal/newborn/child health), NCDs (non-communicable diseases) growing.
+**Health systems strengthening:** Building primary health care, community health workers, supply chains.
+**Global health architecture:** WHO, GAVI (vaccines), Global Fund (HIV/TB/malaria), PEPFAR (US HIV program), bilateral donors.
+**Community health workers:** Low-cost, high-impact. Ethiopia, Rwanda, Nepal — proven models.
+
+Sources: UNDP Human Development Reports (free, hdr.undp.org), J-PAL (povertyactionlab.org — free),
+World Bank development data (free), Sen "Development as Freedom" (principles),
+SDG progress reports (unstats.un.org — free), WHO global health reports (free)

package/skills/social-sciences/social-political-science/LICENSE

@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
-MIT License
-
-Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
-
-Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
-copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
-SOFTWARE.
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

package/skills/social-sciences/social-political-science/SKILL.md

@@ -1,70 +1,70 @@
----
-watermark: ORIRO
-disable-model-invocation: true
-name: social-political-science
-provider: ORIRO.ai
-copyright: Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
-description: >
-
-  Political science — political systems, institutions, democracy, policy process, and international relations.
-
-
-
-  Sources: OpenStax Economics (CC-BY), MIT OCW, World Bank, OECD, UN development resources.
----
-
-# Political Science
-
-## Political systems
-
-### Democracy
-
-**Procedural democracy:** Free and fair elections, majority rule, rule of law.
-**Liberal democracy:** Adds protection of individual rights, minority rights, independent judiciary.
-**Direct democracy:** Citizens vote directly on issues. Ancient Athens. Referenda.
-**Representative/indirect democracy:** Elect representatives who make decisions. Most modern democracies.
-
-**Presidential systems (US):** Separate executive and legislative branches. Fixed terms. Divided government possible.
-**Parliamentary systems (UK, most of Europe):** Executive drawn from legislature. Government falls if loses majority vote. More disciplined parties.
-**Semi-presidential (France):** President + Prime Minister. Both have significant executive power.
-
-### Authoritarianism
-
-**Authoritarian:** Some pluralism tolerated but restricted political competition. Limited accountability.
-**Totalitarian:** State seeks to control all aspects of life. Nazi Germany, Stalinist USSR.
-**Hybrid regimes:** Electoral authoritarianism — elections occur but not free/fair. Hungary, Turkey.
-
-## Political institutions
-
-### Separation of powers
-
-Legislative: Makes laws. Executive: Implements laws. Judicial: Interprets laws.
-**Checks and balances:** Each branch limits the other two.
-**Judicial review:** Courts can strike down legislation as unconstitutional. US since Marbury v. Madison (1803).
-
-### Electoral systems
-
-**First-past-the-post (FPTP):** Plurality wins. Simple. Tends toward two-party system (Duverger's Law). US, UK.
-**Proportional representation:** Seats allocated by vote share. Multi-party systems. Most of Europe.
-**Mixed systems:** Elements of both. Germany (mixed-member proportional).
-**Consequences:** FPTP = stable governments, less representation. PR = more representation, sometimes coalition instability.
-
-### Federalism
-
-Division of power between central and subnational governments.
-**Federal states:** Power explicitly divided. US, Germany, India, Canada, Australia.
-**Unitary states:** Central government supreme; subnational units can be created/changed. UK, France, Japan.
-**Advantages of federalism:** Accommodates diversity, policy experimentation, checks central power.
-**Disadvantages:** Coordination problems, inequality between regions.
-
-## International relations
-
-**Realism:** States are primary actors, pursue self-interest in anarchic system. Power balancing.
-**Liberalism:** Institutions, interdependence, democracy reduce conflict. Liberal peace theory.
-**Constructivism:** Interests and identities are socially constructed, not fixed.
-
-**International institutions:** UN, WTO, IMF, NATO — constrain behavior, facilitate cooperation, but states retain sovereignty.
-**Collective security:** States agree to treat aggression against one as aggression against all (NATO Article 5).
-**Nuclear deterrence:** Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) — rational actors won't use nuclear weapons if retaliation certain.
-
-Sources: MIT OCW Political Science, OpenStax American Government (CC-BY), Dahl "On Democracy" (principles), Huntington "Third Wave" (principles), Polity IV dataset, Freedom House (free data)
+---
+watermark: ORIRO
+disable-model-invocation: true
+name: social-political-science
+provider: ORIRO.ai
+copyright: Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
+description: >
+
+  Political science — political systems, institutions, democracy, policy process, and international relations.
+
+
+
+  Sources: OpenStax Economics (CC-BY), MIT OCW, World Bank, OECD, UN development resources.
+---
+
+# Political Science
+
+## Political systems
+
+### Democracy
+
+**Procedural democracy:** Free and fair elections, majority rule, rule of law.
+**Liberal democracy:** Adds protection of individual rights, minority rights, independent judiciary.
+**Direct democracy:** Citizens vote directly on issues. Ancient Athens. Referenda.
+**Representative/indirect democracy:** Elect representatives who make decisions. Most modern democracies.
+
+**Presidential systems (US):** Separate executive and legislative branches. Fixed terms. Divided government possible.
+**Parliamentary systems (UK, most of Europe):** Executive drawn from legislature. Government falls if loses majority vote. More disciplined parties.
+**Semi-presidential (France):** President + Prime Minister. Both have significant executive power.
+
+### Authoritarianism
+
+**Authoritarian:** Some pluralism tolerated but restricted political competition. Limited accountability.
+**Totalitarian:** State seeks to control all aspects of life. Nazi Germany, Stalinist USSR.
+**Hybrid regimes:** Electoral authoritarianism — elections occur but not free/fair. Hungary, Turkey.
+
+## Political institutions
+
+### Separation of powers
+
+Legislative: Makes laws. Executive: Implements laws. Judicial: Interprets laws.
+**Checks and balances:** Each branch limits the other two.
+**Judicial review:** Courts can strike down legislation as unconstitutional. US since Marbury v. Madison (1803).
+
+### Electoral systems
+
+**First-past-the-post (FPTP):** Plurality wins. Simple. Tends toward two-party system (Duverger's Law). US, UK.
+**Proportional representation:** Seats allocated by vote share. Multi-party systems. Most of Europe.
+**Mixed systems:** Elements of both. Germany (mixed-member proportional).
+**Consequences:** FPTP = stable governments, less representation. PR = more representation, sometimes coalition instability.
+
+### Federalism
+
+Division of power between central and subnational governments.
+**Federal states:** Power explicitly divided. US, Germany, India, Canada, Australia.
+**Unitary states:** Central government supreme; subnational units can be created/changed. UK, France, Japan.
+**Advantages of federalism:** Accommodates diversity, policy experimentation, checks central power.
+**Disadvantages:** Coordination problems, inequality between regions.
+
+## International relations
+
+**Realism:** States are primary actors, pursue self-interest in anarchic system. Power balancing.
+**Liberalism:** Institutions, interdependence, democracy reduce conflict. Liberal peace theory.
+**Constructivism:** Interests and identities are socially constructed, not fixed.
+
+**International institutions:** UN, WTO, IMF, NATO — constrain behavior, facilitate cooperation, but states retain sovereignty.
+**Collective security:** States agree to treat aggression against one as aggression against all (NATO Article 5).
+**Nuclear deterrence:** Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) — rational actors won't use nuclear weapons if retaliation certain.
+
+Sources: MIT OCW Political Science, OpenStax American Government (CC-BY), Dahl "On Democracy" (principles), Huntington "Third Wave" (principles), Polity IV dataset, Freedom House (free data)

package/skills/social-sciences/social-public-policy/LICENSE

@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
-MIT License
-
-Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
-
-Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
-copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
-SOFTWARE.
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

package/skills/social-sciences/social-public-policy/SKILL.md

@@ -1,73 +1,73 @@
----
-watermark: ORIRO
-disable-model-invocation: true
-name: social-public-policy
-provider: ORIRO.ai
-copyright: Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
-description: >
-
-
-
-  Public policy — policy design, analysis, implementation, evaluation, and stakeholder management.
-
-  Sources: OpenStax Economics (CC-BY), MIT OCW, World Bank, OECD, UN development resources.
----
-
-# Public Policy
-
-## The policy cycle
-
-**Problem identification and agenda setting:** How does an issue get recognized as requiring government action? Crises, advocacy, media, election cycles.
-**Policy formulation:** Develop options and proposals. Who is involved? Technocrats, interest groups, elected officials, research organizations.
-**Adoption/legitimation:** Policy is officially enacted. Requires political support.
-**Implementation:** Converting policy into action. Where many policies fail. Bureaucratic discretion, resources, coordination.
-**Evaluation:** Did it work? What were unintended consequences? (Feeds back to problem identification.)
-
-## Policy design
-
-**Policy instruments (types):**
-Regulations: Commands and controls. What you must or must not do.
-Economic instruments: Taxes, subsidies, cap-and-trade. Change incentives.
-Voluntary approaches: Industry self-regulation, labeling.
-Information: Public education, disclosure requirements.
-Direct provision: Government provides services directly (public schools, VA healthcare).
-
-**Policy targeting:**
-Universal: Available to everyone (Medicare in Canada, public schools).
-Means-tested: For those below an income threshold (SNAP, Medicaid in US).
-Universal tends to be more politically durable; means-tested is more efficient but stigmatized.
-
-## Policy analysis frameworks
-
-### Cost-benefit analysis (CBA)
-
-Quantify all costs and benefits in monetary terms. Net benefit = Benefits - Costs.
-Challenges: How to value human life? Environmental services? Future generations?
-**Discount rate:** Future benefits worth less than present benefits. Choice of discount rate dramatically affects analysis.
-
-### Cost-effectiveness analysis
-
-Compare costs of achieving the same outcome across options. Useful when benefits hard to monetize.
-"Which intervention produces the most QALYs (quality-adjusted life years) per dollar?"
-
-### Regulatory impact analysis
-
-Federal agencies (US) must estimate costs and benefits before major regulations.
-Required to choose the most cost-effective alternative.
-
-## Implementation challenges
-
-**Street-level bureaucrats (Lipsky):** Front-line workers (teachers, police, social workers) make discretionary decisions that effectively create policy.
-**Principal-agent problem:** Principals (elected officials) delegate to agents (bureaucrats) who have different information and interests.
-**Coordination failures:** Multiple agencies responsible for one issue without clear authority.
-**Implementation deficit:** Gap between policy intentions and actual outcomes.
-
-## Evidence-based policy
-
-**Randomized control trials in policy:** J-PAL (Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab) applies RCTs to development policy. Rigorous evidence on what works.
-**What Works Clearinghouses:** Government-funded databases of evaluated programs.
-**Policy transfer:** Adopt policies that worked in other contexts. Must assess transferability.
-
-**Politics vs. evidence:** Evidence informs but doesn't determine policy. Values and interests always involved. The question "what works?" requires prior answer to "for what?"
-
-Sources: Birkland "An Introduction to the Policy Process" (principles), OpenStax American Government (CC-BY), J-PAL (povertyactionlab.org — free research), OECD policy analysis (free publications), Congressional Budget Office (cbo.gov — free)
+---
+watermark: ORIRO
+disable-model-invocation: true
+name: social-public-policy
+provider: ORIRO.ai
+copyright: Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
+description: >
+
+
+
+  Public policy — policy design, analysis, implementation, evaluation, and stakeholder management.
+
+  Sources: OpenStax Economics (CC-BY), MIT OCW, World Bank, OECD, UN development resources.
+---
+
+# Public Policy
+
+## The policy cycle
+
+**Problem identification and agenda setting:** How does an issue get recognized as requiring government action? Crises, advocacy, media, election cycles.
+**Policy formulation:** Develop options and proposals. Who is involved? Technocrats, interest groups, elected officials, research organizations.
+**Adoption/legitimation:** Policy is officially enacted. Requires political support.
+**Implementation:** Converting policy into action. Where many policies fail. Bureaucratic discretion, resources, coordination.
+**Evaluation:** Did it work? What were unintended consequences? (Feeds back to problem identification.)
+
+## Policy design
+
+**Policy instruments (types):**
+Regulations: Commands and controls. What you must or must not do.
+Economic instruments: Taxes, subsidies, cap-and-trade. Change incentives.
+Voluntary approaches: Industry self-regulation, labeling.
+Information: Public education, disclosure requirements.
+Direct provision: Government provides services directly (public schools, VA healthcare).
+
+**Policy targeting:**
+Universal: Available to everyone (Medicare in Canada, public schools).
+Means-tested: For those below an income threshold (SNAP, Medicaid in US).
+Universal tends to be more politically durable; means-tested is more efficient but stigmatized.
+
+## Policy analysis frameworks
+
+### Cost-benefit analysis (CBA)
+
+Quantify all costs and benefits in monetary terms. Net benefit = Benefits - Costs.
+Challenges: How to value human life? Environmental services? Future generations?
+**Discount rate:** Future benefits worth less than present benefits. Choice of discount rate dramatically affects analysis.
+
+### Cost-effectiveness analysis
+
+Compare costs of achieving the same outcome across options. Useful when benefits hard to monetize.
+"Which intervention produces the most QALYs (quality-adjusted life years) per dollar?"
+
+### Regulatory impact analysis
+
+Federal agencies (US) must estimate costs and benefits before major regulations.
+Required to choose the most cost-effective alternative.
+
+## Implementation challenges
+
+**Street-level bureaucrats (Lipsky):** Front-line workers (teachers, police, social workers) make discretionary decisions that effectively create policy.
+**Principal-agent problem:** Principals (elected officials) delegate to agents (bureaucrats) who have different information and interests.
+**Coordination failures:** Multiple agencies responsible for one issue without clear authority.
+**Implementation deficit:** Gap between policy intentions and actual outcomes.
+
+## Evidence-based policy
+
+**Randomized control trials in policy:** J-PAL (Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab) applies RCTs to development policy. Rigorous evidence on what works.
+**What Works Clearinghouses:** Government-funded databases of evaluated programs.
+**Policy transfer:** Adopt policies that worked in other contexts. Must assess transferability.
+
+**Politics vs. evidence:** Evidence informs but doesn't determine policy. Values and interests always involved. The question "what works?" requires prior answer to "for what?"
+
+Sources: Birkland "An Introduction to the Policy Process" (principles), OpenStax American Government (CC-BY), J-PAL (povertyactionlab.org — free research), OECD policy analysis (free publications), Congressional Budget Office (cbo.gov — free)

package/skills/social-sciences/social-sociology/LICENSE

@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
-MIT License
-
-Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
-
-Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
-copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
-SOFTWARE.
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2026 ORIRO.ai
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.