@oriro/orirocli 0.1.8 → 0.1.11

package/skills/graphify/detect.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1379 @@
+# file discovery, type classification, and corpus health checks
+from __future__ import annotations
+import fnmatch
+import json
+import os
+import re
+import shlex
+from enum import Enum
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from graphify.google_workspace import (
+    GOOGLE_WORKSPACE_EXTENSIONS,
+    convert_google_workspace_file,
+    google_workspace_enabled,
+)
+
+
+class FileType(str, Enum):
+    CODE = "code"
+    DOCUMENT = "document"
+    PAPER = "paper"
+    IMAGE = "image"
+    VIDEO = "video"
+
+
+_MANIFEST_PATH = "graphify-out/manifest.json"
+
+CODE_EXTENSIONS = {'.py', '.ts', '.tsx', '.js', '.jsx', '.mjs', '.ejs', '.ets', '.go', '.rs', '.java', '.groovy', '.gradle', '.cpp', '.cc', '.cxx', '.c', '.h', '.hpp', '.rb', '.swift', '.kt', '.kts', '.cs', '.scala', '.php', '.lua', '.luau', '.toc', '.zig', '.ps1', '.ex', '.exs', '.m', '.mm', '.jl', '.vue', '.svelte', '.astro', '.dart', '.v', '.sv', '.svh', '.sql', '.r', '.f', '.F', '.f90', '.F90', '.f95', '.F95', '.f03', '.F03', '.f08', '.F08', '.pas', '.pp', '.dpr', '.dpk', '.lpr', '.inc', '.dfm', '.lfm', '.lpk', '.sh', '.bash', '.json', '.tf', '.tfvars', '.hcl', '.dm', '.dme', '.dmi', '.dmm', '.dmf', '.sln', '.csproj', '.fsproj', '.vbproj', '.razor', '.cshtml', '.cls', '.trigger'}
+DOC_EXTENSIONS = {'.md', '.mdx', '.qmd', '.txt', '.rst', '.html', '.yaml', '.yml'}
+PAPER_EXTENSIONS = {'.pdf'}
+IMAGE_EXTENSIONS = {'.png', '.jpg', '.jpeg', '.gif', '.webp', '.svg'}
+OFFICE_EXTENSIONS = {'.docx', '.xlsx'}
+VIDEO_EXTENSIONS = {'.mp4', '.mov', '.webm', '.mkv', '.avi', '.m4v', '.mp3', '.wav', '.m4a', '.ogg'}
+
+CORPUS_WARN_THRESHOLD = 50_000    # words - below this, warn "you may not need a graph"
+CORPUS_UPPER_THRESHOLD = 500_000  # words - above this, warn about token cost
+FILE_COUNT_UPPER = 500             # files - above this, warn about token cost
+
+# Resource caps for parsing untrusted office/PDF files (F2). A corpus is
+# attacker-controllable (graphify runs on cloned/shared folders), and .docx/.xlsx
+# are zip+XML containers: a few-KB zip-bomb can decompress to gigabytes and
+# OOM-kill the process at load_workbook/Document time. Screen the file before any
+# parser touches it.
+_OFFICE_MAX_RAW_BYTES = 50 * 1024 * 1024            # 50 MiB on-disk
+_OFFICE_MAX_DECOMPRESSED_BYTES = 512 * 1024 * 1024  # 512 MiB total uncompressed
+_OFFICE_MAX_COMPRESSION_RATIO = 200                 # uncompressed : compressed
+
+
+def _file_within_size_cap(path: Path, cap: int = _OFFICE_MAX_RAW_BYTES) -> bool:
+    """True if *path* exists and its on-disk size is within *cap*."""
+    try:
+        return path.stat().st_size <= cap
+    except OSError:
+        return False
+
+
+def _zip_within_caps(path: Path) -> bool:
+    """Reject a zip-based office file that is a likely zip/XML bomb.
+
+    Two layers, because the zip central-directory sizes are attacker-controlled:
+    1. A cheap pre-filter on the declared sizes (on-disk cap, summed-uncompressed
+       cap, compression ratio) that rejects an honest bomb without decompressing.
+    2. An authoritative pass that stream-decompresses every member with a hard
+       byte ceiling, so a member that under-declares its size in the central
+       directory cannot expand past the cap undetected. Decompression is chunked
+       and bounded, so checking a bomb never materializes more than the ceiling.
+    """
+    import zipfile
+    if not _file_within_size_cap(path):
+        return False
+    try:
+        with zipfile.ZipFile(path) as zf:
+            infos = zf.infolist()
+            compressed = sum(i.compress_size for i in infos) or 1
+            declared = sum(i.file_size for i in infos)
+            if declared > _OFFICE_MAX_DECOMPRESSED_BYTES:
+                return False
+            if declared / compressed > _OFFICE_MAX_COMPRESSION_RATIO:
+                return False
+            total = 0
+            for info in infos:
+                with zf.open(info) as member:
+                    while True:
+                        chunk = member.read(1024 * 1024)
+                        if not chunk:
+                            break
+                        total += len(chunk)
+                        if total > _OFFICE_MAX_DECOMPRESSED_BYTES:
+                            return False
+    except (zipfile.BadZipFile, OSError, EOFError):
+        return False
+    return True
+
+# Parent directories whose contents are always sensitive.
+# Checked against path.parts[:-1] (parents only) so a root-level file named
+# "credentials" or "secrets" is not falsely flagged by this stage.
+_SENSITIVE_DIRS = frozenset({
+    ".ssh", ".gnupg", ".aws", ".gcloud", "secrets", ".secrets", "credentials",
+})
+
+# Files that may contain secrets - skip silently. These patterns are specific
+# (extensions, exact credential-store names) and always apply.
+_SENSITIVE_PATTERNS = [
+    re.compile(r'(^|[\\/])\.(env|envrc)(\.|$)', re.IGNORECASE),
+    re.compile(r'\.(pem|key|p12|pfx|cert|crt|der|p8)$', re.IGNORECASE),
+    re.compile(r'(id_rsa|id_dsa|id_ecdsa|id_ed25519)(\.pub)?$'),
+    re.compile(r'(\.netrc|\.pgpass|\.htpasswd)$', re.IGNORECASE),
+    re.compile(r'(aws_credentials|gcloud_credentials|service.account)', re.IGNORECASE),
+]
+
+# Generic keyword patterns - these only count when the keyword is LOAD-BEARING
+# in the filename (see _generic_keyword_hit), because a keyword buried mid-phrase
+# in a long descriptive slug names a topic, not a credential store:
+# "token-economics-of-recall.md" is a note ABOUT tokens; "api_token.txt" IS one.
+# Uses lookarounds instead of \b so underscore-prefixed names like api_token.txt
+# match. Both patterns use (?![a-zA-Z]) so that the trailing-underscore behavior
+# is consistent: "secret_store.txt" IS flagged, "tokenizer.py" is NOT (because
+# "i" after "token" is alpha and blocks the match).
+# `token` is kept separate because its longer suffix "izer"/"ize" is the only
+# common false-positive; other keywords have no such well-known derivatives.
+_GENERIC_KEYWORD_PATTERNS = [
+    re.compile(r'(?<![a-zA-Z0-9])(credential|secret|passwd|password|private_key)s?(?![a-zA-Z])', re.IGNORECASE),
+    re.compile(r'(?<![a-zA-Z0-9])tokens?(?![a-zA-Z])', re.IGNORECASE),
+]
+
+# Word separators for the load-bearing check (underscore intentionally included;
+# multi-word keywords like private_key are handled by the end-of-stem check,
+# which runs before word counting).
+_WORD_SPLIT = re.compile(r'[-_\s]+')
+
+
+def _generic_keyword_hit(name: str) -> bool:
+    """True if a generic secret keyword appears load-bearing in the filename.
+
+    Secret-store files name their contents, and in English compounds the
+    content noun is the head, which comes last: "github-personal-access-token",
+    "api_token", "oauth_token". A keyword that is neither at the end of the
+    stem nor in a short (<=2 word) name is a topic word in a descriptive slug
+    ("token-economics-of-recall.md", "password-policy-discussion.md") and must
+    not cause the file to be silently dropped from the graph (#436, #718).
+    """
+    # Stem = name up to the first dot, ignoring leading dots so dotfiles like
+    # ".token" keep their keyword ("" stems would never match).
+    stem = name.lstrip('.').split('.')[0]
+    for pat in _GENERIC_KEYWORD_PATTERNS:
+        hit = False
+        for m in pat.finditer(stem):
+            hit = True
+            if m.end() == len(stem):  # keyword ends the stem -> names the contents
+                return True
+        if hit and len([w for w in _WORD_SPLIT.split(stem) if w]) <= 2:
+            return True  # short name like token_config.yaml / secret_handler.txt
+    return False
+
+# Signals that a .md/.txt file is actually a converted academic paper
+_PAPER_SIGNALS = [
+    re.compile(r'\barxiv\b', re.IGNORECASE),
+    re.compile(r'\bdoi\s*:', re.IGNORECASE),
+    re.compile(r'\babstract\b', re.IGNORECASE),
+    re.compile(r'\bproceedings\b', re.IGNORECASE),
+    re.compile(r'\bjournal\b', re.IGNORECASE),
+    re.compile(r'\bpreprint\b', re.IGNORECASE),
+    re.compile(r'\\cite\{'),          # LaTeX citation
+    re.compile(r'\[\d+\]'),           # Numbered citation [1], [23] (inline)
+    re.compile(r'\[\n\d+\n\]'),       # Numbered citation spread across lines (markdown conversion)
+    re.compile(r'eq\.\s*\d+|equation\s+\d+', re.IGNORECASE),
+    re.compile(r'\d{4}\.\d{4,5}'),   # arXiv ID like 1706.03762
+    re.compile(r'\bwe propose\b', re.IGNORECASE),   # common academic phrasing
+    re.compile(r'\bliterature\b', re.IGNORECASE),   # "from the literature"
+]
+_PAPER_SIGNAL_THRESHOLD = 3  # need at least this many signals to call it a paper
+
+
+def _is_sensitive(path: Path) -> bool:
+    """Return True if this file likely contains secrets and should be skipped."""
+    # Stage 1: any PARENT directory is a known secrets dir (parts[:-1] excludes
+    # the filename itself so a root-level file named "credentials" is not falsely
+    # skipped — the name patterns in Stage 2 handle the filename).
+    if any(part in _SENSITIVE_DIRS for part in path.parts[:-1]):
+        return True
+    # Stage 2: filename pattern match
+    name = path.name
+    if any(p.search(name) for p in _SENSITIVE_PATTERNS):
+        return True
+    # Stage 3: generic keywords, only when load-bearing in the name
+    return _generic_keyword_hit(name)
+
+
+def _looks_like_paper(path: Path) -> bool:
+    """Heuristic: does this text file read like an academic paper?"""
+    try:
+        # Only scan first 3000 chars for speed
+        text = path.read_text(encoding="utf-8", errors="ignore")[:3000]
+        hits = sum(1 for pattern in _PAPER_SIGNALS if pattern.search(text))
+        return hits >= _PAPER_SIGNAL_THRESHOLD
+    except Exception:
+        return False
+
+
+_ASSET_DIR_MARKERS = {".imageset", ".xcassets", ".appiconset", ".colorset", ".launchimage"}
+
+
+_SHEBANG_CODE_INTERPRETERS = {
+    "python", "python3", "python2",
+    "ruby", "perl", "node", "nodejs",
+    "bash", "sh", "dash", "zsh", "fish", "ksh", "tcsh",
+    "lua", "php", "julia", "Rscript",
+}
+
+
+def _split_env_s(value: str, rest: list[str]) -> list[str]:
+    """Re-tokenize an `env -S`/`--split-string` packed command, prepending the
+    operand to any trailing args. Returns the unpacked argv."""
+    packed = " ".join([value, *rest]).strip()
+    return shlex.split(packed)
+
+
+def _env_command_args(args: list[str], *, allow_split: bool = True) -> list[str]:
+    """Strip leading env(1) options and var assignments, return the trailing
+    command argv. Covers macOS/BSD and GNU coreutils env documented spellings.
+
+    POSIX/macOS short forms:
+        env [-0iv] [-C workdir] [-P utilpath] [-S string]
+            [-u name] [name=value ...] [utility [argument ...]]
+
+    GNU coreutils long/compact forms additionally supported:
+        --argv0=ARG / -a ARG / -aARG
+        --unset=NAME / --unset NAME / -u NAME / -uNAME
+        --chdir=DIR / --chdir DIR / -C DIR / -CDIR
+        --split-string=STRING / --split-string STRING
+        -S STRING / -SSTRING / -vS STRING / -vSSTRING
+        --ignore-environment / --null / --debug / --list-signal-handling
+        --default-signal[=SIG] / --ignore-signal[=SIG] / --block-signal[=SIG]
+
+    `-S` / `--split-string` payloads are themselves env-style argument lists
+    per the GNU shebang synopsis:
+        #!/usr/bin/env -[v]S[option]... [name=value]... command [args]...
+    so after splitting the payload we recursively re-parse it with
+    `allow_split=False` (a nested -S inside a split payload is rejected to
+    bound recursion).
+
+    Unknown hyphen-prefixed args yield [] (we refuse to guess whether
+    their next token is an interpreter or an operand).
+    """
+    i = 0
+    while i < len(args):
+        arg = args[i]
+
+        if arg == "--":
+            return args[i + 1:]
+
+        # Split-string forms: tokenize the packed payload, then re-parse it
+        # as env args (so leading assignments/flags inside the payload are
+        # skipped before the interpreter is identified).
+        if allow_split:
+            if arg == "-S":
+                if i + 1 >= len(args):
+                    return []
+                return _env_command_args(
+                    _split_env_s(" ".join(args[i + 1:]), []),
+                    allow_split=False,
+                )
+            if arg.startswith("-S") and len(arg) > 2:
+                return _env_command_args(
+                    _split_env_s(arg[2:], args[i + 1:]),
+                    allow_split=False,
+                )
+            if arg == "-vS":
+                if i + 1 >= len(args):
+                    return []
+                return _env_command_args(
+                    _split_env_s(" ".join(args[i + 1:]), []),
+                    allow_split=False,
+                )
+            if arg.startswith("-vS") and len(arg) > 3:
+                return _env_command_args(
+                    _split_env_s(arg[3:], args[i + 1:]),
+                    allow_split=False,
+                )
+            if arg.startswith("--split-string="):
+                return _env_command_args(
+                    _split_env_s(arg.split("=", 1)[1], args[i + 1:]),
+                    allow_split=False,
+                )
+            if arg == "--split-string":
+                if i + 1 >= len(args):
+                    return []
+                return _env_command_args(
+                    _split_env_s(args[i + 1], args[i + 2:]),
+                    allow_split=False,
+                )
+
+        # Options with separate required operand
+        if arg in {"-u", "-C", "-P", "-a", "--unset", "--chdir", "--argv0"}:
+            if i + 2 > len(args):
+                return []
+            i += 2
+            continue
+
+        # Clumped short option + operand
+        if (
+            arg.startswith(("-u", "-C", "-P", "-a"))
+            and len(arg) > 2
+            and not arg.startswith("--")
+        ):
+            i += 1
+            continue
+
+        # Long option with `=` operand
+        if arg.startswith(("--unset=", "--chdir=", "--argv0=")):
+            i += 1
+            continue
+
+        # No-operand flags
+        if arg in {"-", "-i", "-0", "-v", "--ignore-environment", "--null",
+                   "--debug", "--list-signal-handling"}:
+            i += 1
+            continue
+
+        # Signal-handling long flags (with or without =SIG operand — we treat
+        # them as no-effect for interpreter-resolution purposes)
+        if arg.startswith(("--default-signal", "--ignore-signal", "--block-signal")):
+            i += 1
+            continue
+
+        # Unknown hyphen-prefixed: refuse to guess
+        if arg.startswith("-"):
+            return []
+
+        # Inline NAME=value assignment
+        if "=" in arg:
+            i += 1
+            continue
+
+        # First non-option, non-assignment token starts the command argv
+        return args[i:]
+
+    return []
+
+
+def _shebang_interpreter(path: Path) -> str | None:
+    """Return the interpreter name from a shebang line.
+
+    Handles forms that a naive parser misses:
+      - `#!/usr/bin/env -S python3 -u`     (env -S split-args form, anywhere)
+      - `#!/usr/bin/env -i bash`           (no-operand env flags)
+      - `#!/usr/bin/env -u VAR python3`    (env options with operands)
+      - `#!/usr/bin/env -C /tmp python3`   (env -C workdir)
+      - `#!/usr/bin/env -P /bin python3`   (env -P utilpath)
+      - `#!/usr/bin/env DEBUG=1 python3`   (inline var assignment)
+      - `#!"/usr/local/bin/python with spaces"`  (shlex handles quotes)
+
+    Returns the basename of the resolved interpreter, or None if there is
+    no shebang / the file is unreadable / parsing fails.
+    """
+    try:
+        with path.open("rb") as f:
+            first = f.read(256)
+        if not first.startswith(b"#!"):
+            return None
+        line = first.split(b"\n")[0].decode(errors="replace")[2:].strip()
+        parts = shlex.split(line)
+        if not parts:
+            return None
+        interp = Path(parts[0]).name
+        if interp == "env":
+            env_args = _env_command_args(parts[1:])
+            if not env_args:
+                return None
+            interp = Path(env_args[0]).name
+        return interp
+    except (OSError, ValueError):
+        return None
+
+
+def _shebang_file_type(path: Path) -> FileType | None:
+    """Peek at the first line of an extensionless file for a shebang."""
+    interp = _shebang_interpreter(path)
+    if interp in _SHEBANG_CODE_INTERPRETERS:
+        return FileType.CODE
+    return None
+
+
+def classify_file(path: Path) -> FileType | None:
+    # Compound extensions must be checked before simple suffix lookup
+    if path.name.lower().endswith(".blade.php"):
+        return FileType.CODE
+    ext = path.suffix.lower()
+    if not ext:
+        return _shebang_file_type(path)
+    if ext in CODE_EXTENSIONS:
+        return FileType.CODE
+    if ext in PAPER_EXTENSIONS:
+        # PDFs inside Xcode asset catalogs are vector icons, not papers
+        if any(part.endswith(tuple(_ASSET_DIR_MARKERS)) for part in path.parts):
+            return None
+        return FileType.PAPER
+    if ext in IMAGE_EXTENSIONS:
+        return FileType.IMAGE
+    if ext in DOC_EXTENSIONS:
+        # Check if it's a converted paper
+        if _looks_like_paper(path):
+            return FileType.PAPER
+        return FileType.DOCUMENT
+    if ext in OFFICE_EXTENSIONS:
+        return FileType.DOCUMENT
+    if ext in GOOGLE_WORKSPACE_EXTENSIONS:
+        return FileType.DOCUMENT
+    if ext in VIDEO_EXTENSIONS:
+        return FileType.VIDEO
+    return None
+
+
+def extract_pdf_text(path: Path) -> str:
+    """Extract plain text from a PDF file using pypdf."""
+    if not _file_within_size_cap(path):
+        return ""
+    try:
+        from pypdf import PdfReader
+        reader = PdfReader(str(path))
+        pages = []
+        for page in reader.pages:
+            text = page.extract_text()
+            if text:
+                pages.append(text)
+        return "\n".join(pages)
+    except Exception:
+        return ""
+
+
+def docx_to_markdown(path: Path) -> str:
+    """Convert a .docx file to markdown text using python-docx."""
+    if not _zip_within_caps(path):
+        return ""
+    try:
+        from docx import Document
+        from docx.oxml.ns import qn
+        doc = Document(str(path))
+        lines = []
+        for para in doc.paragraphs:
+            style = para.style.name if para.style else ""
+            text = para.text.strip()
+            if not text:
+                lines.append("")
+                continue
+            if style.startswith("Heading 1"):
+                lines.append(f"# {text}")
+            elif style.startswith("Heading 2"):
+                lines.append(f"## {text}")
+            elif style.startswith("Heading 3"):
+                lines.append(f"### {text}")
+            elif style.startswith("List"):
+                lines.append(f"- {text}")
+            else:
+                lines.append(text)
+        # Tables
+        for table in doc.tables:
+            rows = [[cell.text.strip() for cell in row.cells] for row in table.rows]
+            if not rows:
+                continue
+            header = "| " + " | ".join(rows[0]) + " |"
+            sep = "| " + " | ".join("---" for _ in rows[0]) + " |"
+            lines.extend([header, sep])
+            for row in rows[1:]:
+                lines.append("| " + " | ".join(row) + " |")
+        return "\n".join(lines)
+    except ImportError:
+        return ""
+    except Exception:
+        return ""
+
+
+def xlsx_to_markdown(path: Path) -> str:
+    """Convert an .xlsx file to markdown text using openpyxl."""
+    if not _zip_within_caps(path):
+        return ""
+    try:
+        import openpyxl
+        wb = openpyxl.load_workbook(str(path), read_only=True, data_only=True)
+        sections = []
+        for sheet_name in wb.sheetnames:
+            ws = wb[sheet_name]
+            rows = []
+            for row in ws.iter_rows(values_only=True):
+                if all(cell is None for cell in row):
+                    continue
+                rows.append([str(cell) if cell is not None else "" for cell in row])
+            if not rows:
+                continue
+            sections.append(f"## Sheet: {sheet_name}")
+            if len(rows) >= 1:
+                header = "| " + " | ".join(rows[0]) + " |"
+                sep = "| " + " | ".join("---" for _ in rows[0]) + " |"
+                sections.extend([header, sep])
+                for row in rows[1:]:
+                    sections.append("| " + " | ".join(row) + " |")
+        wb.close()
+        return "\n".join(sections)
+    except ImportError:
+        return ""
+    except Exception:
+        return ""
+
+
+def xlsx_extract_structure(path: Path) -> dict:
+    """Extract structural nodes (sheets, named tables, column headers) from an .xlsx file.
+
+    Returns a nodes/edges dict compatible with the graphify extract pipeline.
+    Used in addition to xlsx_to_markdown so Claude sees both structure and content.
+    """
+    def _nid(*parts: str) -> str:
+        return re.sub(r"[^a-z0-9_]", "_", "_".join(p.lower() for p in parts).strip("_"))
+
+    try:
+        import openpyxl
+    except ImportError:
+        return {"nodes": [], "edges": []}
+
+    try:
+        wb = openpyxl.load_workbook(str(path), read_only=False, data_only=True)
+    except Exception:
+        return {"nodes": [], "edges": []}
+
+    # F-035: typo fix — was `_re.sub` (NameError, but unreachable because the
+    # whole xlsx codepath is currently behind a feature flag / not yet wired
+    # into the dispatcher). Before re-enabling this path, re-audit it for
+    # zip/XML bombs (openpyxl is built on top of zipfile and lxml-style XML
+    # parsing — a malicious .xlsx can blow up memory at load_workbook time).
+    stem = re.sub(r"[^a-z0-9]", "_", path.stem.lower())
+    str_path = str(path)
+    file_nid = _nid(str_path)
+    nodes: list[dict] = [{"id": file_nid, "label": path.name, "file_type": "document",
+                           "source_file": str_path, "source_location": None}]
+    edges: list[dict] = []
+    seen: set[str] = {file_nid}
+
+    def _add(nid: str, label: str) -> None:
+        if nid not in seen:
+            seen.add(nid)
+            nodes.append({"id": nid, "label": label, "file_type": "document",
+                           "source_file": str_path, "source_location": None})
+
+    def _edge(src: str, tgt: str, relation: str) -> None:
+        edges.append({"source": src, "target": tgt, "relation": relation,
+                       "confidence": "EXTRACTED", "source_file": str_path,
+                       "source_location": None, "weight": 1.0})
+
+    for sheet_name in wb.sheetnames:
+        ws = wb[sheet_name]
+        sheet_nid = _nid(stem, sheet_name)
+        _add(sheet_nid, f"{sheet_name} (sheet)")
+        _edge(file_nid, sheet_nid, "contains")
+
+        # Named Excel Tables (ListObjects)
+        if hasattr(ws, "tables"):
+            for tbl in ws.tables.values():
+                tbl_nid = _nid(stem, sheet_name, tbl.name)
+                _add(tbl_nid, tbl.name)
+                _edge(sheet_nid, tbl_nid, "contains")
+                # Column headers from table header row
+                ref = tbl.ref  # e.g. "A1:D10"
+                if ref:
+                    try:
+                        from openpyxl.utils import range_boundaries
+                        min_col, min_row, max_col, _ = range_boundaries(ref)
+                        header_row = list(ws.iter_rows(min_row=min_row, max_row=min_row,
+                                                       min_col=min_col, max_col=max_col,
+                                                       values_only=True))
+                        if header_row:
+                            for col_name in header_row[0]:
+                                if col_name:
+                                    col_nid = _nid(stem, tbl.name, str(col_name))
+                                    _add(col_nid, str(col_name))
+                                    _edge(tbl_nid, col_nid, "contains")
+                    except Exception:
+                        pass
+        else:
+            # Fallback: first non-empty row as column headers
+            for row in ws.iter_rows(max_row=1, values_only=True):
+                for cell in row:
+                    if cell:
+                        col_nid = _nid(stem, sheet_name, str(cell))
+                        _add(col_nid, str(cell))
+                        _edge(sheet_nid, col_nid, "contains")
+                break
+
+    try:
+        wb.close()
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+
+    return {"nodes": nodes, "edges": edges}
+
+
+def convert_office_file(path: Path, out_dir: Path) -> Path | None:
+    """Convert a .docx or .xlsx to a markdown sidecar in out_dir.
+
+    Returns the path of the converted .md file, or None if conversion failed
+    or the required library is not installed.
+    """
+    ext = path.suffix.lower()
+    if ext == ".docx":
+        text = docx_to_markdown(path)
+    elif ext == ".xlsx":
+        text = xlsx_to_markdown(path)
+    else:
+        return None
+
+    if not text.strip():
+        return None
+
+    out_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    # Use a stable name derived from the original path to avoid collisions
+    import hashlib
+    name_hash = hashlib.sha256(str(path.resolve()).encode()).hexdigest()[:8]
+    out_path = out_dir / f"{path.stem}_{name_hash}.md"
+    out_path.write_text(
+        f"<!-- converted from {path.name} -->\n\n{text}",
+        encoding="utf-8",
+    )
+    return out_path
+
+
+def count_words(path: Path) -> int:
+    try:
+        ext = path.suffix.lower()
+        if ext == ".pdf":
+            return len(extract_pdf_text(path).split())
+        if ext == ".docx":
+            return len(docx_to_markdown(path).split())
+        if ext == ".xlsx":
+            return len(xlsx_to_markdown(path).split())
+        return len(path.read_text(encoding="utf-8", errors="ignore").split())
+    except Exception:
+        return 0
+
+
+# Directory names to always skip - venvs, caches, build artifacts, deps
+_SKIP_DIRS = {
+    "venv", ".venv", "env", ".env",
+    "node_modules", "__pycache__", ".git",
+    "dist", "build", "target", "out",
+    "site-packages", "lib64",
+    ".pytest_cache", ".mypy_cache", ".ruff_cache",
+    ".tox", ".eggs", "*.egg-info",
+    "graphify-out",  # never treat own output as source input (#524)
+    # Coverage/test-artefact dirs — generated, never architecturally meaningful
+    "coverage", "lcov-report",              # Vitest/Istanbul/nyc HTML reports (#870)
+    "visual-tests", "visual-test",          # Playwright/visual-regression bundles (#869)
+    "__snapshots__", "snapshots",           # Jest/Vitest snapshot dirs
+    "storybook-static",                     # Storybook production build output
+    "dist-protected",                       # Protected dist variants (same noise as dist)
+    # Framework cache/build dirs — generated, never architecturally meaningful (#873)
+    ".next", ".nuxt", ".turbo", ".angular",
+    ".idea", ".cache", ".parcel-cache", ".svelte-kit", ".terraform", ".serverless",
+    ".graphify",  # graphify's own extraction cache — never index self-generated data
+    ".worktrees",  # git worktree convention (#947) — sibling checkouts, always redundant
+}
+
+# Large generated files that are never useful to extract
+_SKIP_FILES = {
+    "package-lock.json", "yarn.lock", "pnpm-lock.yaml",
+    "Cargo.lock", "poetry.lock", "Gemfile.lock",
+    "composer.lock", "go.sum", "go.work.sum",
+}
+
+def _is_noise_dir(part: str, parent: "Path | None" = None) -> bool:
+    """Return True if this directory name looks like a venv, cache, or dep dir."""
+    if part in _SKIP_DIRS:
+        return True
+    # Catch *_venv, *_repo/site-packages patterns
+    if part.endswith("_venv") or part.endswith("_env"):
+        return True
+    if part.endswith(".egg-info"):
+        return True
+    # worktrees/ nested inside a dotted dir (e.g. .claude/worktrees/, .git/worktrees/)
+    if part == "worktrees" and parent is not None and parent.name.startswith("."):
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+_VCS_MARKERS = (".git", ".hg", ".svn", "_darcs", ".fossil")
+
+
+def _parse_gitignore_line(raw: str) -> str:
+    """Parse one raw line from a .graphifyignore file per gitignore spec.
+
+    - Strip newline chars
+    - Strip inline comments (whitespace + # suffix), but only when # is
+      preceded by whitespace — so path#with#hash.py is preserved
+    - Unescape \\# to literal #
+    - Remove trailing spaces unless escaped with backslash
+    - Strip leading whitespace
+    - Return empty string for blank lines and full-line comments
+    """
+    line = raw.rstrip("\n\r")
+    line = line.lstrip()
+    if not line or line.startswith("#"):
+        return ""
+    # Strip inline comments: require whitespace before # (gitignore extension)
+    line = re.sub(r"\s+#+[^\\].*$", "", line)
+    # Unescape \# → literal #
+    line = line.replace("\\#", "#")
+    # Remove unescaped trailing spaces (per gitignore spec)
+    line = re.sub(r"(?<!\\) +$", "", line)
+    return line
+
+
+def _find_vcs_root(start: Path) -> Path | None:
+    """Walk upward from start; return the first directory containing a VCS marker."""
+    current = start.resolve()
+    home = Path.home()
+    while True:
+        if any((current / m).exists() for m in _VCS_MARKERS):
+            return current
+        parent = current.parent
+        if parent == current or current == home:
+            return None
+        current = parent
+
+
+def _load_graphifyignore(root: Path) -> list[tuple[Path, str]]:
+    """Read .graphifyignore files and return (anchor_dir, pattern) pairs.
+
+    Patterns are returned outer-first so that inner (closer) rules are
+    appended last and win via last-match-wins semantics — matching gitignore
+    behavior exactly.
+
+    Walk ceiling: the nearest VCS root if inside a repo, otherwise the scan
+    root itself (hermetic — no leakage across unrelated sibling projects).
+    """
+    root = root.resolve()
+    ceiling = _find_vcs_root(root) or root
+
+    # Collect ancestor dirs from ceiling down to root (outer → inner)
+    dirs: list[Path] = []
+    current = root
+    while True:
+        dirs.append(current)
+        if current == ceiling:
+            break
+        current = current.parent
+    dirs.reverse()  # ceiling first, scan root last
+
+    patterns: list[tuple[Path, str]] = []
+    for d in dirs:
+        # Prefer .graphifyignore; fall back to .gitignore so projects that already
+        # maintain a .gitignore get sensible defaults without duplicating it (#945).
+        ignore_file = d / ".graphifyignore"
+        if not ignore_file.exists():
+            ignore_file = d / ".gitignore"
+        if ignore_file.exists():
+            for raw in ignore_file.read_text(encoding="utf-8", errors="ignore").splitlines():
+                line = _parse_gitignore_line(raw)
+                if line:
+                    patterns.append((d, line))
+    return patterns
+
+
+def _is_ignored(path: Path, root: Path, patterns: list[tuple[Path, str]]) -> bool:
+    """Return True if the path should be ignored per .graphifyignore patterns.
+
+    Uses gitignore last-match-wins semantics: all patterns are evaluated in
+    order; the final matching pattern determines the result. Negation patterns
+    (starting with !) un-ignore a previously ignored path.
+
+    Enforces gitignore's parent-exclusion rule: a ! pattern cannot re-include
+    a file whose ancestor directory is already excluded.
+    """
+    if not patterns:
+        return False
+
+    def _eval(target: Path) -> bool:
+        """Apply last-match-wins to a single target path."""
+        def _matches(rel: str, p: str, anchored: bool) -> bool:
+            if anchored:
+                return fnmatch.fnmatch(rel, p)
+            parts = rel.split("/")
+            if fnmatch.fnmatch(rel, p):
+                return True
+            if fnmatch.fnmatch(target.name, p):
+                return True
+            for i, part in enumerate(parts):
+                if fnmatch.fnmatch(part, p):
+                    return True
+                if fnmatch.fnmatch("/".join(parts[:i + 1]), p):
+                    return True
+            return False
+
+        result = False
+        for anchor, pattern in patterns:
+            negated = pattern.startswith("!")
+            raw = pattern[1:] if negated else pattern
+            anchored = raw.startswith("/")
+            p = raw.strip("/")
+            if not p:
+                continue
+
+            matched = False
+            if anchored:
+                try:
+                    rel_anchor = str(target.relative_to(anchor)).replace(os.sep, "/")
+                    matched = _matches(rel_anchor, p, anchored=True)
+                except ValueError:
+                    pass
+            else:
+                try:
+                    rel = str(target.relative_to(root)).replace(os.sep, "/")
+                    matched = _matches(rel, p, anchored=False)
+                except ValueError:
+                    pass
+                if not matched and anchor != root:
+                    try:
+                        rel_anchor = str(target.relative_to(anchor)).replace(os.sep, "/")
+                        matched = _matches(rel_anchor, p, anchored=False)
+                    except ValueError:
+                        pass
+
+            if matched:
+                result = not negated  # last match wins; ! flips to un-ignore
+        return result
+
+    # Gitignore parent-exclusion rule: a ! re-include cannot rescue a file
+    # whose ancestor directory is already excluded. Walk ancestors top-down;
+    # if any ancestor is excluded, the file is excluded regardless of later
+    # ! patterns targeting the file or a sub-path.
+    try:
+        rel_parts = path.relative_to(root).parts
+    except ValueError:
+        return _eval(path)
+
+    ancestor = root
+    for part in rel_parts[:-1]:
+        ancestor = ancestor / part
+        if _eval(ancestor):
+            return True
+    return _eval(path)
+
+
+def _load_graphifyinclude(root: Path) -> list[tuple[Path, str]]:
+    """Read .graphifyinclude allowlist patterns from root and ancestors.
+
+    Include patterns opt matching hidden files/dirs into traversal. Sensitive
+    files and hard-skipped noise directories are still excluded later.
+    Uses the same VCS-root ceiling logic as _load_graphifyignore.
+    """
+    root = root.resolve()
+    ceiling = _find_vcs_root(root) or root
+
+    dirs: list[Path] = []
+    current = root
+    while True:
+        dirs.append(current)
+        if current == ceiling:
+            break
+        current = current.parent
+    dirs.reverse()
+
+    patterns: list[tuple[Path, str]] = []
+    for d in dirs:
+        include_file = d / ".graphifyinclude"
+        if include_file.exists():
+            for raw in include_file.read_text(encoding="utf-8", errors="ignore").splitlines():
+                line = _parse_gitignore_line(raw)
+                if line:
+                    patterns.append((d, line))
+    return patterns
+
+
+def _is_included(path: Path, root: Path, patterns: list[tuple[Path, str]]) -> bool:
+    """Return True if path matches any .graphifyinclude allowlist pattern."""
+    if not patterns:
+        return False
+
+    def _matches(rel: str, p: str, anchored: bool) -> bool:
+        if anchored:
+            return fnmatch.fnmatch(rel, p)
+        parts = rel.split("/")
+        if fnmatch.fnmatch(rel, p):
+            return True
+        if fnmatch.fnmatch(path.name, p):
+            return True
+        for i, part in enumerate(parts):
+            if fnmatch.fnmatch(part, p):
+                return True
+            if fnmatch.fnmatch("/".join(parts[:i + 1]), p):
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    for anchor, pattern in patterns:
+        anchored = pattern.startswith("/")
+        p = pattern.strip("/")
+        if not p:
+            continue
+        if anchored:
+            try:
+                rel_anchor = str(path.relative_to(anchor)).replace(os.sep, "/")
+                if _matches(rel_anchor, p, anchored=True):
+                    return True
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+        else:
+            try:
+                rel = str(path.relative_to(root)).replace(os.sep, "/")
+                if _matches(rel, p, anchored=False):
+                    return True
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+            if anchor != root:
+                try:
+                    rel_anchor = str(path.relative_to(anchor)).replace(os.sep, "/")
+                    if _matches(rel_anchor, p, anchored=False):
+                        return True
+                except ValueError:
+                    pass
+    return False
+
+
+def _could_contain_included_path(path: Path, root: Path, patterns: list[tuple[Path, str]]) -> bool:
+    """Return True if a directory may contain files matched by .graphifyinclude."""
+    if not patterns:
+        return False
+
+    rels: list[str] = []
+    try:
+        rels.append(str(path.relative_to(root)).replace(os.sep, "/"))
+    except ValueError:
+        pass
+    for anchor, _ in patterns:
+        if anchor != root:
+            try:
+                rels.append(str(path.relative_to(anchor)).replace(os.sep, "/"))
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+
+    for rel in rels:
+        rel = rel.strip("/")
+        if not rel:
+            return True
+        for _, pattern in patterns:
+            p = pattern.strip("/")
+            if not p:
+                continue
+            if p == rel or p.startswith(rel + "/"):
+                return True
+            if fnmatch.fnmatch(rel, p):
+                return True
+    return False
+
+
+def _auto_follow_symlinks(root: Path) -> bool:
+    """Auto-detect: ``True`` if ``root`` has any direct symlinked child.
+
+    Allows "fake working dir" patterns (e.g. a folder full of symlinks pointing
+    at scattered source dirs across the user's machine) to work transparently
+    without the caller having to know to pass ``follow_symlinks=True``.
+
+    Override is always possible by passing an explicit ``follow_symlinks=True``
+    or ``follow_symlinks=False`` to :func:`detect` / :func:`detect_incremental`.
+    """
+    try:
+        for p in root.iterdir():
+            if p.is_symlink():
+                return True
+    except (OSError, PermissionError):
+        pass
+    return False
+
+
+def detect(root: Path, *, follow_symlinks: bool | None = None, google_workspace: bool | None = None, extra_excludes: list[str] | None = None) -> dict:
+    root = root.resolve()
+    if follow_symlinks is None:
+        follow_symlinks = _auto_follow_symlinks(root)
+    google_workspace = google_workspace_enabled() if google_workspace is None else google_workspace
+    files: dict[FileType, list[str]] = {
+        FileType.CODE: [],
+        FileType.DOCUMENT: [],
+        FileType.PAPER: [],
+        FileType.IMAGE: [],
+        FileType.VIDEO: [],
+    }
+    total_words = 0
+
+    skipped_sensitive: list[str] = []
+    ignore_patterns = _load_graphifyignore(root)
+    # CLI --exclude patterns are anchored at the scan root and appended last
+    # so they win over any .graphifyignore/.gitignore rules (#947).
+    if extra_excludes:
+        for pat in extra_excludes:
+            line = _parse_gitignore_line(pat)
+            if line:
+                ignore_patterns.append((root, line))
+    include_patterns = _load_graphifyinclude(root)
+
+    # Always include graphify-out/memory/ - query results filed back into the graph
+    memory_dir = root / "graphify-out" / "memory"
+    scan_paths = [root]
+    if memory_dir.exists():
+        scan_paths.append(memory_dir)
+
+    seen: set[Path] = set()
+    all_files: list[Path] = []
+
+    for scan_root in scan_paths:
+        in_memory_tree = memory_dir.exists() and str(scan_root).startswith(str(memory_dir))
+        for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(scan_root, followlinks=follow_symlinks):
+            dp = Path(dirpath)
+            if follow_symlinks and os.path.islink(dirpath):
+                real = os.path.realpath(dirpath)
+                parent_real = os.path.realpath(os.path.dirname(dirpath))
+                if parent_real == real or parent_real.startswith(real + os.sep):
+                    dirnames.clear()
+                    continue
+            if not in_memory_tree:
+                # Prune noise dirs in-place so os.walk never descends into them.
+                # Dot dirs are allowed — users often want .github/, .claude/, etc.
+                # Framework caches (.next, .nuxt, …) are caught by _is_noise_dir.
+                # When negation patterns (!) exist, skip directory-level ignore
+                # pruning so negated files inside can still be reached.
+                has_negation = any(p.startswith("!") for _, p in ignore_patterns)
+                dirnames[:] = [
+                    d for d in dirnames
+                    if not _is_noise_dir(d, dp)
+                    and (has_negation or not _is_ignored(dp / d, root, ignore_patterns))
+                ]
+            for fname in filenames:
+                if fname in _SKIP_FILES:
+                    continue
+                p = dp / fname
+                if p not in seen:
+                    seen.add(p)
+                    all_files.append(p)
+
+    all_files.sort(key=lambda p: str(p))
+
+    converted_dir = root / "graphify-out" / "converted"
+
+    for p in all_files:
+        # For memory dir files, skip hidden/noise filtering
+        in_memory = memory_dir.exists() and str(p).startswith(str(memory_dir))
+        if not in_memory:
+            # Skip files inside our own converted/ dir (avoid re-processing sidecars)
+            if str(p).startswith(str(converted_dir)):
+                continue
+        if not in_memory and _is_ignored(p, root, ignore_patterns):
+            continue
+        if _is_sensitive(p):
+            skipped_sensitive.append(str(p))
+            continue
+        ftype = classify_file(p)
+        if ftype:
+            if p.suffix.lower() in GOOGLE_WORKSPACE_EXTENSIONS:
+                if not google_workspace:
+                    skipped_sensitive.append(
+                        str(p)
+                        + " [Google Workspace shortcut skipped - pass --google-workspace "
+                        "or set GRAPHIFY_GOOGLE_WORKSPACE=1]"
+                    )
+                    continue
+                try:
+                    md_path = convert_google_workspace_file(p, converted_dir, xlsx_to_markdown=xlsx_to_markdown)
+                except Exception as exc:
+                    skipped_sensitive.append(str(p) + f" [Google Workspace export failed: {exc}]")
+                    continue
+                if md_path:
+                    if _is_ignored(md_path, root, ignore_patterns):
+                        continue
+                    files[ftype].append(str(md_path))
+                    total_words += count_words(md_path)
+                else:
+                    skipped_sensitive.append(str(p) + " [Google Workspace export produced no readable text]")
+                continue
+            # Office files: convert to markdown sidecar so subagents can read them
+            if p.suffix.lower() in OFFICE_EXTENSIONS:
+                md_path = convert_office_file(p, converted_dir)
+                if md_path:
+                    if _is_ignored(md_path, root, ignore_patterns):
+                        continue
+                    files[ftype].append(str(md_path))
+                    total_words += count_words(md_path)
+                else:
+                    # Conversion failed (library not installed) - skip with note
+                    skipped_sensitive.append(str(p) + " [office conversion failed - pip install graphifyy[office]]")
+                continue
+            files[ftype].append(str(p))
+            if ftype != FileType.VIDEO:
+                total_words += count_words(p)
+
+    for ftype in files:
+        files[ftype].sort()
+
+    total_files = sum(len(v) for v in files.values())
+    needs_graph = total_words >= CORPUS_WARN_THRESHOLD
+
+    # Determine warning - lower bound, upper bound, or sensitive files skipped
+    warning: str | None = None
+    if not needs_graph:
+        warning = (
+            f"Corpus is ~{total_words:,} words - fits in a single context window. "
+            f"You may not need a graph."
+        )
+    elif total_words >= CORPUS_UPPER_THRESHOLD or total_files >= FILE_COUNT_UPPER:
+        warning = (
+            f"Large corpus: {total_files} files · ~{total_words:,} words. "
+            f"Semantic extraction will be expensive (many Claude tokens). "
+            f"Consider running on a subfolder."
+        )
+
+    return {
+        "files": {k.value: v for k, v in files.items()},
+        "total_files": total_files,
+        "total_words": total_words,
+        "needs_graph": needs_graph,
+        "warning": warning,
+        "skipped_sensitive": skipped_sensitive,
+        "graphifyignore_patterns": len(ignore_patterns),
+        "scan_root": str(root.resolve()),
+    }
+
+
+def _md5_file(path: Path) -> str:
+    """MD5 of file contents streamed in 64KB chunks — for change detection only."""
+    import hashlib as _hl
+    h = _hl.md5(usedforsecurity=False)
+    try:
+        with path.open("rb") as f:
+            for chunk in iter(lambda: f.read(65536), b""):
+                h.update(chunk)
+    except OSError:
+        return ""
+    return h.hexdigest()
+
+
+def _to_relative_for_storage(key: str, root: Path) -> str:
+    """Return ``key`` as a forward-slash relative path from ``root``.
+
+    Keys outside ``root`` (out-of-tree symlinked sources, external --include
+    paths) and already-relative keys pass through unchanged — mirrors the
+    fallback in :func:`graphify.watch._relativize_source_files` so the
+    on-disk artifact survives the round-trip even when some paths cannot be
+    portably encoded.
+
+    Only ``root`` is resolved — the key itself is relativized symbolically
+    so an in-root symlink (e.g. ``alias.py -> sub/target.py``) is stored
+    under its own name. Resolving the key would point the stored entry at
+    the symlink target, and the original key would then miss on reload and
+    re-extract on every incremental run.
+    """
+    p = Path(key)
+    if not p.is_absolute():
+        return key
+    try:
+        rel = os.path.relpath(p, Path(root).resolve())
+    except (ValueError, OSError):
+        return key  # outside root (e.g. Windows cross-drive)
+    # ``os.path.relpath`` happily produces ``../foo`` for paths outside
+    # root; mirror the prior ``relative_to``-raises-ValueError semantics by
+    # keeping out-of-root entries in their absolute form.
+    if rel == ".." or rel.startswith(".." + os.sep) or rel.startswith("../"):
+        return key
+    return rel.replace(os.sep, "/")
+
+
+def _to_absolute_from_storage(key: str, root: Path) -> str:
+    """Inverse of :func:`_to_relative_for_storage`.
+
+    Re-anchor a stored key against ``root``. Already-absolute keys
+    (legacy manifests, out-of-root entries) pass through unchanged so
+    that newly-loaded manifests from before this change remain readable.
+    Uses ``Path(root).resolve()`` so the produced absolute path matches
+    what :func:`detect` returns (which also resolves the scan root).
+    """
+    p = Path(key)
+    if p.is_absolute():
+        return str(p)
+    return str(Path(root).resolve() / p)
+
+
+def load_manifest(
+    manifest_path: str = _MANIFEST_PATH,
+    *,
+    root: Path | None = None,
+) -> dict:
+    """Load the manifest from a previous run. Returns {} on any error.
+
+    When ``root`` is provided, stored relative keys are re-anchored against
+    it so callers see absolute paths regardless of on-disk format. Legacy
+    manifests with absolute keys pass through unchanged, so a graphify-out/
+    written by an older version (or by a caller that didn't supply ``root``
+    to :func:`save_manifest`) remains readable.
+    """
+    try:
+        raw = json.loads(Path(manifest_path).read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+    except Exception:
+        return {}
+    if root is None or not isinstance(raw, dict):
+        return raw
+    return {_to_absolute_from_storage(k, root): v for k, v in raw.items()}
+
+
+def save_manifest(
+    files: dict[str, list[str]],
+    manifest_path: str = _MANIFEST_PATH,
+    *,
+    kind: str = "both",
+    root: Path | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Save current file mtimes + content hashes for change detection.
+
+    kind="ast"      — written by `graphify update` (AST-only rebuild). Stamps
+                      ast_hash; preserves an existing semantic_hash only when
+                      the file content is unchanged (mtime + hash match).
+    kind="semantic" — written by `graphify extract` after semantic extraction.
+                      Stamps semantic_hash; preserves existing ast_hash.
+    kind="both"     — full pipeline: stamps both hashes (default).
+
+    When ``root`` is provided, keys are relativized against it before write
+    (forward-slash, posix-style) so the on-disk manifest is portable across
+    machines and checkout locations (#777). Out-of-root entries are written
+    as absolute so they continue to round-trip on the saving machine.
+    When ``root`` is None the legacy absolute-keyed format is preserved.
+    """
+    existing = load_manifest(manifest_path, root=root)
+
+    def _normalise_entry(entry):
+        if isinstance(entry, (int, float)):
+            return {"mtime": entry, "ast_hash": "", "semantic_hash": ""}
+        if isinstance(entry, dict) and "hash" in entry and "ast_hash" not in entry:
+            return {"mtime": entry.get("mtime", 0), "ast_hash": entry["hash"], "semantic_hash": ""}
+        if isinstance(entry, dict):
+            return entry
+        return None
+
+    # Seed from the existing manifest so incremental callers passing a subset
+    # of files don't silently erase entries for untouched files (#917).
+    # Prune entries whose file no longer exists on disk — those are genuine
+    # deletions that detect_incremental() should treat as gone.
+    manifest: dict[str, dict] = {}
+    for f, entry in existing.items():
+        normalised = _normalise_entry(entry)
+        if normalised is None:
+            continue
+        try:
+            if Path(f).exists():
+                manifest[f] = normalised
+        except OSError:
+            continue
+
+    for file_list in files.values():
+        for f in file_list:
+            try:
+                p = Path(f)
+                mtime = p.stat().st_mtime
+                h = _md5_file(p)
+            except OSError:
+                continue  # file deleted between detect() and manifest write
+            prev = _normalise_entry(existing.get(f, {})) or {}
+            entry: dict = {"mtime": mtime}
+            if kind in ("ast", "both"):
+                entry["ast_hash"] = h
+            else:
+                entry["ast_hash"] = prev.get("ast_hash", "")
+            if kind in ("semantic", "both"):
+                entry["semantic_hash"] = h
+            else:
+                # Preserve semantic_hash only when content is unchanged
+                entry["semantic_hash"] = prev.get("semantic_hash", "") if h == prev.get("ast_hash", "") else ""
+            manifest[f] = entry
+    if root is not None:
+        # Persist in portable form: forward-slash relative paths. Keys outside
+        # ``root`` (out-of-tree symlinked corpora, --include sources) keep
+        # their absolute form so the manifest round-trips on the saving
+        # machine even when not every entry can be portably encoded.
+        manifest = {_to_relative_for_storage(k, root): v for k, v in manifest.items()}
+    Path(manifest_path).parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    Path(manifest_path).write_text(json.dumps(manifest, indent=2), encoding="utf-8")
+
+
+def detect_incremental(
+    root: Path,
+    manifest_path: str = _MANIFEST_PATH,
+    *,
+    follow_symlinks: bool | None = None,
+    google_workspace: bool | None = None,
+    kind: str = "semantic",
+    extra_excludes: list[str] | None = None,
+) -> dict:
+    """Like detect(), but returns only new or modified files since the last run.
+
+    kind="semantic" (default for extract): a file is "changed" when its
+        semantic_hash is missing or its content has changed since the last
+        semantic extraction pass. Use this for `graphify extract` so that
+        files touched by `graphify update` (AST-only) are re-extracted
+        semantically.
+    kind="ast": a file is "changed" when its ast_hash is missing or its
+        content has changed. Use this for `graphify update`.
+
+    Fast path: mtime unchanged + hash matches → unchanged (free, no disk IO
+    beyond stat). Slow path: mtime bumped → compare MD5 against the relevant
+    hash field before re-extracting.
+
+    Backwards compatible with legacy manifests storing plain float mtime values
+    or {mtime, hash} dicts (treated as ast_hash only; semantic_hash = miss).
+
+    The ``follow_symlinks`` flag is forwarded to :func:`detect` so corpora that
+    rely on symlinked sub-trees (e.g. a ``state_of_truth/`` symlink pointing to a
+    directory outside the scan root) are scanned consistently between full and
+    incremental runs. ``None`` (default) means auto-detect: ``True`` when ``root``
+    contains at least one direct symlinked child, ``False`` otherwise.
+    """
+    full = detect(root, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks, google_workspace=google_workspace, extra_excludes=extra_excludes)
+    # Pass ``root`` so a manifest written with relative keys (post-#777) is
+    # re-anchored to the absolute form the rest of this function compares
+    # against. Legacy absolute-keyed manifests pass through unchanged.
+    manifest = load_manifest(manifest_path, root=root)
+
+    if not manifest:
+        # No previous run - treat everything as new
+        full["incremental"] = True
+        full["new_files"] = full["files"]
+        full["unchanged_files"] = {k: [] for k in full["files"]}
+        full["new_total"] = full["total_files"]
+        return full
+
+    new_files: dict[str, list[str]] = {k: [] for k in full["files"]}
+    unchanged_files: dict[str, list[str]] = {k: [] for k in full["files"]}
+
+    for ftype, file_list in full["files"].items():
+        for f in file_list:
+            stored = manifest.get(f)
+            try:
+                current_mtime = Path(f).stat().st_mtime
+            except Exception:
+                current_mtime = 0
+
+            # Legacy manifest: plain float value — treat as ast_hash only
+            if isinstance(stored, (int, float)):
+                changed = stored is None or current_mtime > stored
+            elif isinstance(stored, dict):
+                # Normalise legacy {mtime, hash} to new schema
+                if "hash" in stored and "ast_hash" not in stored:
+                    stored = {"mtime": stored.get("mtime", 0), "ast_hash": stored["hash"], "semantic_hash": ""}
+                hash_key = "semantic_hash" if kind == "semantic" else "ast_hash"
+                stored_hash = stored.get(hash_key, "")
+                # Missing semantic_hash means update ran but extract hasn't — always re-extract
+                if not stored_hash:
+                    changed = True
+                else:
+                    stored_mtime = stored.get("mtime")
+                    # Schema-drift guard (#1163): tolerate a nested {mtime: ...}
+                    # dict or any non-numeric value without crashing.
+                    if isinstance(stored_mtime, dict):
+                        stored_mtime = stored_mtime.get("mtime")
+                    if not isinstance(stored_mtime, (int, float)):
+                        stored_mtime = None
+                    if stored_mtime is None or current_mtime != stored_mtime:
+                        # mtime bumped — verify with content hash before re-extracting
+                        changed = _md5_file(Path(f)) != stored_hash
+                    else:
+                        changed = False
+            else:
+                changed = True  # unknown format, re-extract to be safe
+
+            if changed:
+                new_files[ftype].append(f)
+            else:
+                unchanged_files[ftype].append(f)
+
+    # Files in manifest that no longer exist - their cached nodes are now ghost nodes
+    current_files = {f for flist in full["files"].values() for f in flist}
+    deleted_files = [f for f in manifest if f not in current_files]
+
+    new_total = sum(len(v) for v in new_files.values())
+    full["incremental"] = True
+    full["new_files"] = new_files
+    full["unchanged_files"] = unchanged_files
+    full["new_total"] = new_total
+    full["deleted_files"] = deleted_files
+    return full