@needle-tools/engine 4.7.2-alpha → 4.7.2-next.6f2cd71

package/src/engine-components/export/usdz/ThreeUSDZExporter.ts

@@ -1,2427 +1,2427 @@
-import '../../../engine/engine_shims.js';
-
-import {
-	AnimationClip,
-	Bone,
-	BufferAttribute,
-	BufferGeometry,
-	Color,
-	DoubleSide,
-	InterleavedBufferAttribute,
-	LinearFilter,
-	Material,
-	MathUtils,
-	Matrix4,
-	Mesh,
-	MeshBasicMaterial,
-	MeshPhysicalMaterial,
-	MeshStandardMaterial,
-	Object3D,
-	OrthographicCamera,
-	PerspectiveCamera,
-	PlaneGeometry,
-	Quaternion,
-	RGBAFormat,
-	Scene,
-	ShaderMaterial,
-	SkinnedMesh,
-	SRGBColorSpace,
-	Texture,
-	Uniform,
-	UnsignedByteType,
-	Vector3,
-	Vector4,
-	WebGLRenderer,
-	WebGLRenderTarget
-} from 'three';
-import * as fflate from 'three/examples/jsm/libs/fflate.module.js';
-
-import { VERSION } from "../../../engine/engine_constants.js";
-import type { OffscreenCanvasExt } from '../../../engine/engine_shims.js';
-import { Progress } from '../../../engine/engine_time_utils.js';
-import { BehaviorExtension } from '../../api.js';
-import type { IUSDExporterExtension } from './Extension.js';
-import type { AnimationExtension } from './extensions/Animation.js';
-import type { PhysicsExtension } from './extensions/behavior/PhysicsExtension.js';
-import {buildNodeMaterial} from './extensions/NodeMaterialConverter.js';
-
-type MeshPhysicalNodeMaterial = import("three/src/materials/nodes/MeshPhysicalNodeMaterial.js").default;
-
-function makeNameSafe( str ) {
-	// Remove characters that are not allowed in USD ASCII identifiers
-	str = str.replace( /[^a-zA-Z0-9_]/g, '' );
-
-	// If name doesn't start with a-zA-Z_, add _ to the beginning – required by USD
-	if ( !str.match( /^[a-zA-Z_]/ ) )
-		str = '_' + str;
-
-	return str;
-}
-
-function makeDisplayNameSafe(str) {
-	str = str.replace("\"", "\\\"");
-	return str;
-}
-
-// TODO check if this works when bones in the skeleton are completely unordered
-function findCommonAncestor(objects: Object3D[]): Object3D | null {
-	if (objects.length === 0) return null;
-
-	const ancestors = objects.map((obj) => {
-		const objAncestors = new Array<Object3D>();
-		while (obj.parent) {
-			objAncestors.unshift(obj.parent);
-			obj = obj.parent;
-		}
-		return objAncestors;
-	});
-
-	//@ts-ignore – findLast seems to be missing in TypeScript types pre-5.x
-	const commonAncestor = ancestors[0].findLast((ancestor) => {
-		return ancestors.every((a) => a.includes(ancestor));
-	});
-
-	return commonAncestor || null;
-}
-
-function findStructuralNodesInBoneHierarchy(bones: Array<Object3D>) {
-
-	const commonAncestor = findCommonAncestor(bones);
-	// find all structural nodes – parents of bones that are not bones themselves
-	const structuralNodes = new Set<Object3D>();
-	for ( const bone of bones ) {
-		let current = bone.parent;
-		while ( current && current !== commonAncestor ) {
-			if ( !bones.includes(current) ) {
-				structuralNodes.add(current);
-			}
-			current = current.parent;
-		}
-	}
-
-	return structuralNodes;
-}
-
-declare type USDObjectTransform = {
-	position: Vector3 | null;
-	quaternion: Quaternion | null;
-	scale: Vector3 | null;
-}
-
-const PositionIdentity = new Vector3();
-const QuaternionIdentity = new Quaternion();
-const ScaleIdentity = new Vector3(1,1,1);
-
-class USDObject {
-
-	static USDObject_export_id = 0;
-	
-	uuid: string;
-	name: string;
-	/** If no type is provided, type is chosen automatically (Xform or Mesh) */
-	type?: string;
-	/** MaterialBindingAPI and SkelBindingAPI are handled automatically, extra schemas can be added here */
-	extraSchemas: string[] = [];
-	displayName?: string;
-	visibility?: "inherited" | "invisible"; // defaults to "inherited" in USD
-	getMatrix(): Matrix4 {
-		if (!this.transform) return new Matrix4();
-		const { position, quaternion, scale } = this.transform;
-		const matrix = new Matrix4();
-		matrix.compose(position || PositionIdentity, quaternion || QuaternionIdentity, scale || ScaleIdentity);
-		return matrix;
-	}
-	setMatrix( value ) {
-		if (!value || !(value instanceof Matrix4)) {
-			this.transform = null;
-			return;
-		}
-		const position = new Vector3();
-		const quaternion = new Quaternion();
-		const scale = new Vector3();
-		value.decompose(position, quaternion, scale);
-		this.transform = { position, quaternion, scale };
-	}
-	/** @deprecated Use `transform`, or `getMatrix()` if you really need the matrix */
-	get matrix() { return this.getMatrix(); }
-	/** @deprecated Use `transform`, or `setMatrix()` if you really need the matrix */
-	set matrix( value ) { this.setMatrix( value ); }
-
-	transform: USDObjectTransform | null = null;
-	private _isDynamic: boolean;
-	get isDynamic() { return this._isDynamic; }
-	private set isDynamic( value ) { this._isDynamic = value; }
-	geometry: BufferGeometry | null;
-	material: MeshStandardMaterial | MeshBasicMaterial | Material | MeshPhysicalNodeMaterial | null;
-	camera: PerspectiveCamera | OrthographicCamera | null;
-	parent: USDObject | null;
-	skinnedMesh: SkinnedMesh | null;
-	children: Array<USDObject | null> = [];
-	animations: AnimationClip[] | null;
-	_eventListeners: {};
-
-	// these are for tracking which xformops are needed
-	needsTranslate: boolean = false;
-	needsOrient: boolean = false;
-	needsScale: boolean = false;
-
-	static createEmptyParent( object: USDObject ) {
-
-		const emptyParent = new USDObject( MathUtils.generateUUID(), object.name + '_empty_' + ( USDObject.USDObject_export_id ++ ), object.transform );
-		const parent = object.parent;
-		if (parent) parent.add( emptyParent );
-		emptyParent.add( object );
-		emptyParent.isDynamic = true;
-		object.transform = null;
-		return emptyParent;
-
-	}
-
-	static createEmpty() {
-		
-		const empty = new USDObject( MathUtils.generateUUID(), 'Empty_' + ( USDObject.USDObject_export_id ++ ) );
-		empty.isDynamic = true;
-		return empty;
-	}
-
-	constructor( id, name, transform: USDObjectTransform | null = null, mesh: BufferGeometry | null = null, material: MeshStandardMaterial | MeshBasicMaterial | MeshPhysicalNodeMaterial | Material | null = null, camera: PerspectiveCamera | OrthographicCamera | null = null, skinnedMesh: SkinnedMesh | null = null, animations: AnimationClip[] | null = null ) {
-
-		this.uuid = id;
-		this.name = makeNameSafe( name );
-		this.displayName = name;
-
-		if (!transform) this.transform = null;
-		else this.transform = { 
-			position: transform.position?.clone() || null, 
-			quaternion: transform.quaternion?.clone() || null, 
-			scale: transform.scale?.clone() || null
-		};
-		this.geometry = mesh;
-		this.material = material;
-		this.camera = camera;
-		this.parent = null;
-		this.children = [];
-		this._eventListeners = {};
-		this._isDynamic = false;
-		this.skinnedMesh = skinnedMesh;
-		this.animations = animations;
-
-	}
-
-	is( obj ) {
-
-		if ( ! obj ) return false;
-		return this.uuid === obj.uuid;
-
-	}
-
-	isEmpty() {
-
-		return ! this.geometry;
-
-	}
-
-	clone() {
-
-		const clone = new USDObject( MathUtils.generateUUID(), this.name, this.transform, this.geometry, this.material );
-		clone.isDynamic = this.isDynamic;
-		return clone;
-
-	}
-
-	deepClone() {
-
-		const clone = this.clone();
-		for ( const child of this.children ) {
-
-			if ( !child ) continue;
-			clone.add( child.deepClone() );
-
-		}
-
-		return clone;
-
-	}
-
-	getPath() {
-
-		let current = this.parent;
-		let path = this.name;
-		while ( current ) {
-
-			// StageRoot has a special path right now since there's additional Xforms for encapsulation.
-			// Better would be to actually model them as part of our object graph, but they're written separately,
-			// so currently we don't and instead work around that here.
-			const currentName = current.parent ? current.name : (current.name + "/Scenes/Scene");
-			path = currentName + '/' + path;
-			current = current.parent;
-
-		}
-
-		return '</' + path + '>';
-
-	}
-
-	add( child ) {
-
-		if ( child.parent ) {
-
-			child.parent.remove( child );
-
-		}
-
-		child.parent = this;
-		this.children.push( child );
-
-	}
-
-	remove( child ) {
-
-		const index = this.children.indexOf( child );
-		if ( index >= 0 ) {
-
-			if ( child.parent === this ) child.parent = null;
-			this.children.splice( index, 1 );
-
-		}
-
-	}
-
-	addEventListener( evt, listener: ( writer: USDWriter, context: USDZExporterContext ) => void ) {
-
-		if ( ! this._eventListeners[ evt ] ) this._eventListeners[ evt ] = [];
-		this._eventListeners[ evt ].push( listener );
-
-	}
-
-	removeEventListener( evt, listener: ( writer: USDWriter, context: USDZExporterContext ) => void ) {
-
-		if ( ! this._eventListeners[ evt ] ) return;
-		const index = this._eventListeners[ evt ].indexOf( listener );
-		if ( index >= 0 ) {
-
-			this._eventListeners[ evt ].splice( index, 1 );
-
-		}
-
-	}
-
-	onSerialize( writer, context ) {
-
-		const listeners = this._eventListeners[ 'serialize' ];
-		if ( listeners ) listeners.forEach( listener => listener( writer, context ) );
-
-	}
-
-}
-
-
-class USDDocument extends USDObject {
-
-	stageLength: number;
-
-	get isDocumentRoot() {
-
-		return true;
-
-	}
-	get isDynamic() {
-
-		return false;
-
-	}
-
-	constructor() {
-
-		super(undefined, 'StageRoot', null, null, null, null);
-		this.children = [];
-		this.stageLength = 200;
-
-	}
-
-	add( child: USDObject ) {
-
-		child.parent = this;
-		this.children.push( child );
-
-	}
-
-	remove( child: USDObject ) {
-
-		const index = this.children.indexOf( child );
-		if ( index >= 0 ) {
-
-			if ( child.parent === this ) child.parent = null;
-			this.children.splice( index, 1 );
-
-		}
-
-	}
-
-	traverse( callback: ( object: USDObject ) => void, current: USDObject | null = null ) {
-
-		if ( current !== null ) callback( current );
-		else current = this;
-		if ( current.children ) {
-
-			for ( const child of current.children ) {
-
-				this.traverse( callback, child );
-
-			}
-
-		}
-
-	}
-
-	findById( uuid: string ) {
-
-		let found = false;
-		function search( current: USDObject ): USDObject | undefined {
-
-			if ( found ) return undefined;
-			if ( current.uuid === uuid ) {
-
-				found = true;
-				return current;
-
-			}
-
-			if ( current.children ) {
-
-				for ( const child of current.children ) {
-
-					if (!child) continue;
-					const res = search( child );
-					if ( res ) return res;
-
-				}
-
-			}
-			return undefined;
-		}
-
-		return search( this );
-
-	}
-
-	buildHeader( _context: USDZExporterContext ) {
-		const animationExtension = _context.extensions?.find( ext => ext?.extensionName === 'animation' ) as AnimationExtension | undefined;
-		const behaviorExtension = _context.extensions?.find( ext => ext?.extensionName === 'Behaviour' ) as BehaviorExtension | undefined;
-		const physicsExtension = _context.extensions?.find( ext => ext?.extensionName === 'Physics' ) as PhysicsExtension | undefined;
-		const startTimeCode = animationExtension?.getStartTimeCode() ?? 0;
-		const endTimeCode = animationExtension?.getEndTimeCode() ?? 0;
-
-		let comment = "";
-		const registeredClips = animationExtension?.registeredClips;
-		if (registeredClips) {
-			for ( const clip of registeredClips ) {
-				comment += `\t# Animation: ${clip.name}, start=${animationExtension.getStartTimeByClip(clip) * 60}, length=${clip.duration * 60}\n`;
-			}
-		}
-		const comments = comment;
-		
-		return `#usda 1.0
-(
-	customLayerData = {
-		string creator = "Needle Engine ${VERSION}"
-		dictionary Needle = {
-			bool animations = ${animationExtension ? 1 : 0}
-			bool interactive = ${behaviorExtension ? 1 : 0}
-			bool physics = ${physicsExtension ? 1 : 0}
-			bool quickLookCompatible = ${_context.quickLookCompatible ? 1 : 0}
-		}
-	}
-	defaultPrim = "${makeNameSafe( this.name )}"
-	metersPerUnit = 1
-	upAxis = "Y"
-	startTimeCode = ${startTimeCode}
-	endTimeCode = ${endTimeCode}
-	timeCodesPerSecond = 60
-	framesPerSecond = 60
-	doc = """Generated by Needle Engine USDZ Exporter ${VERSION}"""
-${comments}
-)
-`;
-
-	}
-
-}
-
-const newLine = '\n';
-const materialRoot = '</StageRoot/Materials';
-
-class USDWriter {
-	str: string;
-	indent: number;
-
-	constructor() {
-
-		this.str = '';
-		this.indent = 0;
-
-	}
-
-	clear() {
-
-		this.str = '';
-		this.indent = 0;
-
-	}
-
-	beginBlock( str: string | undefined = undefined, char = '{', createNewLine = true ) {
-
-		if ( str !== undefined ) {
-			str = this.applyIndent( str );
-			this.str += str;
-			if ( createNewLine ) {
-				this.str += newLine;
-				this.str += this.applyIndent( char );
-			}
-			else {
-				this.str += " " + char;
-			}
-		}
-		else {
-			this.str += this.applyIndent( char );
-		}
-		
-		this.str += newLine;
-		this.indent += 1;
-
-	}
-
-	closeBlock( char = '}' ) {
-
-		this.indent -= 1;
-		this.str += this.applyIndent( char ) + newLine;
-
-	}
-
-	beginArray( str ) {
-
-		str = this.applyIndent( str + ' = [' );
-		this.str += str;
-		this.str += newLine;
-		this.indent += 1;
-
-	}
-
-	closeArray() {
-
-		this.indent -= 1;
-		this.str += this.applyIndent( ']' ) + newLine;
-
-	}
-
-	appendLine( str = '' ) {
-
-		str = this.applyIndent( str );
-		this.str += str;
-		this.str += newLine;
-
-	}
-
-	toString() {
-
-		return this.str;
-
-	}
-
-	applyIndent( str ) {
-
-		let indents = '';
-		for ( let i = 0; i < this.indent; i ++ ) indents += '\t';
-		return indents + str;
-
-	}
-
-}
-
-declare type TextureMap = {[name: string]: {texture: Texture, scale?: Vector4}};
-
-class USDZExporterContext {
-	root?: Object3D;
-	exporter: USDZExporter;
-	extensions: Array<IUSDExporterExtension> = [];
-	quickLookCompatible: boolean;
-	exportInvisible: boolean;
-	materials: Map<string, Material>;
-	textures: TextureMap;
-	files: { [path: string]: Uint8Array | [Uint8Array, fflate.ZipOptions] | null | any }
-	document: USDDocument;
-	output: string;
-	animations: AnimationClip[];
-
-	constructor( root: Object3D | undefined, exporter: USDZExporter, options: { 
-		extensions?: Array<IUSDExporterExtension>, 
-		quickLookCompatible: boolean,
-		exportInvisible: boolean,
-	} ) {
-
-		this.root = root;
-		this.exporter = exporter;
-		this.quickLookCompatible = options.quickLookCompatible;
-		this.exportInvisible = options.exportInvisible;
-
-		if ( options.extensions )
-			this.extensions = options.extensions;
-
-		this.materials = new Map();
-		this.textures = {};
-		this.files = {};
-		this.document = new USDDocument();
-		this.output = '';
-		this.animations = [];
-
-	}
-
-}
-
-/**[documentation](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/arkit/usdz_schemas_for_ar/preliminary_anchoringapi/preliminary_anchoring_type) */
-export type Anchoring = "plane" | "image" | "face" | "none"
-/**[documentation](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/arkit/usdz_schemas_for_ar/preliminary_anchoringapi/preliminary_planeanchoring_alignment) */
-export type Alignment = "horizontal" | "vertical" | "any";
-
-class USDZExporterOptions {
-	ar: {
-		anchoring: { type: Anchoring },
-		planeAnchoring: { alignment: Alignment },
-	} = { 
-		anchoring: { type: 'plane' },
-		planeAnchoring: { alignment: 'horizontal' }
-	};
-	quickLookCompatible: boolean = false;
-	extensions: any[] = [];
-	maxTextureSize: number = 4096;
-	exportInvisible: boolean = false;
-}
-
-class USDZExporter {
-	debug: boolean;
-	pruneUnusedNodes: boolean;
-	sceneAnchoringOptions: USDZExporterOptions = new USDZExporterOptions();
-	extensions: Array<IUSDExporterExtension> = [];
-	keepObject?: (object: Object3D) => boolean;
-	beforeWritingDocument?: () => void;
-
-	constructor() {
-
-		this.debug = false;
-		this.pruneUnusedNodes = true;
-
-	}
-
-	async parse(scene: Object3D | undefined, options: USDZExporterOptions = new USDZExporterOptions()) {
-
-		options = Object.assign( new USDZExporterOptions(), options );
-
-		this.sceneAnchoringOptions = options;
-		const context = new USDZExporterContext( scene, this, options );
-		this.extensions = context.extensions;
-
-		const files = context.files;
-		const modelFileName = 'model.usda';
-
-		// model file should be first in USDZ archive so we init it here
-		files[ modelFileName ] = null;
-
-		const materials = context.materials;
-		const textures = context.textures;
-
-		Progress.report('export-usdz', "Invoking onBeforeBuildDocument");
-		await invokeAll( context, 'onBeforeBuildDocument' );
-		Progress.report('export-usdz', "Done onBeforeBuildDocument");
-
-		Progress.report('export-usdz', "Reparent bones to common ancestor");
-
-		// Find all skeletons and reparent them to their skelroot / armature / uppermost bone parent.
-		// This may not be correct in all cases.
-		const reparentings: Array<{ object: Object3D, originalParent: Object3D | null, newParent: Object3D }> = [];
-		const allReparentingObjects = new Set<string>();
-		scene?.traverse(object => {
-			if (!options.exportInvisible && !object.visible) return;
-
-			if (object instanceof SkinnedMesh) {
-				const bones = object.skeleton.bones as Bone[];
-
-				const commonAncestor = findCommonAncestor(bones);
-				if (commonAncestor) {
-					const newReparenting = { object, originalParent: object.parent, newParent: commonAncestor };
-					reparentings.push( newReparenting );
-
-					// keep track of which nodes are important for skeletal export consistency
-					allReparentingObjects.add(newReparenting.object.uuid);
-					if (newReparenting.newParent) allReparentingObjects.add(newReparenting.newParent.uuid);
-					if (newReparenting.originalParent) allReparentingObjects.add(newReparenting.originalParent.uuid);
-				}
-			}
-		});
-
-		for ( const reparenting of reparentings ) {
-			const { object, originalParent, newParent } = reparenting;
-			newParent.add( object );
-		}
-
-		Progress.report('export-usdz', "Traversing hierarchy");
-		if (scene) traverse( scene, context.document, context, this.keepObject);
-		
-		// Root object should have identity matrix
-		// so that root transformations don't end up in the resulting file.
-		// if (context.document.children?.length > 0)
-		// 	context.document.children[0]?.matrix.identity(); //.multiply(new Matrix4().makeRotationY(Math.PI));
-
-		Progress.report('export-usdz', "Invoking onAfterBuildDocument");
-		await invokeAll( context, 'onAfterBuildDocument' );
-
-		// At this point, we know all animated objects, all skinned mesh objects, and all objects targeted by behaviors.
-		// We can prune all empty nodes (no geometry or material) depth-first.
-		// This avoids unnecessary export of e.g. animated bones as nodes when they have no children
-		// (for example, a sword attached to a hand still needs that entire hierarchy exported)
-		const behaviorExt = context.extensions.find( ext => ext.extensionName === 'Behaviour' ) as BehaviorExtension | undefined;
-		const allBehaviorTargets = behaviorExt?.getAllTargetUuids() ?? new Set<string>();
-
-		// Prune pass. Depth-first removal of nodes that don't affect the outcome of the scene.
-		if (this.pruneUnusedNodes) {
-			const options = {
-				allBehaviorTargets,
-				debug: false,
-				boneReparentings: allReparentingObjects,
-				quickLookCompatible: context.quickLookCompatible,
-			};
-			if (this.debug) logUsdHierarchy(context.document, "Hierarchy BEFORE pruning", options);
-			prune( context.document, options );
-			if (this.debug) logUsdHierarchy(context.document, "Hierarchy AFTER pruning");
-		}
-		else if (this.debug) {
-			console.log("Pruning of empty nodes is disabled. This may result in a larger USDZ file.");
-		}
-
-		Progress.report('export-usdz', { message: "Parsing document", autoStep: 10 });
-		await parseDocument( context, () => {
-			// injected after stageRoot.
-			// TODO property use context/writer instead of string concat
-			Progress.report('export-usdz', "Building materials");
-			const result = buildMaterials( materials, textures, options.quickLookCompatible );
-			return result;
-		} );
-
-		Progress.report("export-usdz", "Invoking onAfterSerialize");
-		await invokeAll( context, 'onAfterSerialize' );
-
-		// repair the parenting again
-		for ( const reparenting of reparentings ) {
-			const { object, originalParent, newParent } = reparenting;
-			if (originalParent)
-				originalParent.add( object );
-		}
-
-		// Moved into parseDocument callback for proper defaultPrim encapsulation
-		// context.output += buildMaterials( materials, textures, options.quickLookCompatible );
-		
-		// callback for validating after all export has been done
-		context.exporter?.beforeWritingDocument?.();
-
-		const header = context.document.buildHeader( context );
-		const final = header + '\n' + context.output;
-
-		// full output file
-		if ( this.debug ) console.log( final );
-
-		files[ modelFileName ] = fflate.strToU8( final );
-		context.output = '';
-
-		Progress.report("export-usdz", { message: "Exporting textures", autoStep: 10 });
-		Progress.start("export-usdz-textures", { parentScope: "export-usdz", logTimings: false });
-		const decompressionRenderer = new WebGLRenderer( { 
-			antialias: false, 
-			alpha: true, 
-			premultipliedAlpha: false, 
-			preserveDrawingBuffer: true 
-		} );
-
-		const textureCount = Object.keys(textures).length;
-		Progress.report("export-usdz-textures", { totalSteps: textureCount * 3, currentStep: 0 });
-		const convertTexture = async (id: string) => {
-
-			const textureData = textures[ id ];
-			const texture = textureData.texture;
-
-			const isRGBA = formatsWithAlphaChannel.includes( texture.format );
-			
-			// Change: we need to always read back the texture now, otherwise the unpremultiplied workflow doesn't work.
-			let img: ImageReadbackResult = {
-				imageData: texture.image
-			};
-			
-			Progress.report("export-usdz-textures", { message: "read back texture", autoStep: true });
-			const anyColorScale = textureData.scale !== undefined && textureData.scale.x !== 1 && textureData.scale.y !== 1 && textureData.scale.z !== 1 && textureData.scale.w !== 1;
-			// @ts-ignore
-			if ( texture.isCompressedTexture || texture.isRenderTargetTexture || anyColorScale ) {
-				img = await decompressGpuTexture( texture, options.maxTextureSize, decompressionRenderer, textureData.scale );
-			}
-			
-			Progress.report("export-usdz-textures", { message: "convert texture to canvas", autoStep: true });
-			const canvas = await imageToCanvasUnpremultiplied( img.imageBitmap || img.imageData, options.maxTextureSize ).catch( err => {
-				console.error("Error converting texture to canvas", texture, err);
-			});
-
-			if ( canvas ) {
-
-				Progress.report("export-usdz-textures", { message: "convert canvas to blob", autoStep: true });
-				const blob = await canvas.convertToBlob( {type: isRGBA ? 'image/png' : 'image/jpeg', quality: 0.95 } );
-				files[ `textures/${id}.${isRGBA ? 'png' : 'jpg'}` ] = new Uint8Array( await blob.arrayBuffer() );
-
-			} else {
-
-				console.warn( 'Can`t export texture: ', texture );
-
-			}
-		};
-
-		for ( const id in textures ) {
-
-			await convertTexture( id );
-		}
-
-		decompressionRenderer.dispose();
-
-		// 64 byte alignment
-		// https://github.com/101arrowz/fflate/issues/39#issuecomment-777263109
-
-		Progress.end("export-usdz-textures");
-
-		let offset = 0;
-
-		for ( const filename in files ) {
-
-			const file = files[ filename ];
-			const headerSize = 34 + filename.length;
-
-			offset += headerSize;
-
-			const offsetMod64 = offset & 63;
-
-			if ( offsetMod64 !== 4 ) {
-
-				const padLength = 64 - offsetMod64;
-				const padding = new Uint8Array( padLength );
-
-				files[ filename ] = [ file, { extra: { 12345: padding } } ];
-
-			}
-
-			offset = file.length;
-
-		}
-
-		Progress.report("export-usdz", "zip archive");
-		return fflate.zipSync( files, { level: 0 } );
-
-	}
-
-}
-
-function traverse( object: Object3D, parentModel: USDObject, context: USDZExporterContext, keepObject?: (object: Object3D) => boolean ) {
-
-	if (!context.exportInvisible && !object.visible) return;
-
-	let model: USDObject | undefined = undefined;
-	let geometry: BufferGeometry | undefined = undefined;
-	let material: Material | Material[] | undefined = undefined;
-
-	const transform: USDObjectTransform = { position: object.position, quaternion: object.quaternion, scale: object.scale };
-	if (object.position.x === 0 && object.position.y === 0 && object.position.z === 0)
-		transform.position = null;
-	if (object.quaternion.x === 0 && object.quaternion.y === 0 && object.quaternion.z === 0 && object.quaternion.w === 1)
-		transform.quaternion = null;
-	if (object.scale.x === 1 && object.scale.y === 1 && object.scale.z === 1)
-		transform.scale = null;
-	
-	if (object instanceof Mesh || object instanceof SkinnedMesh) {
-		geometry = object.geometry;
-		material = object.material;
-	}
-
-	// API for an explicit choice to discard this object – for example, a geometry that should not be exported,
-	// but childs should still be exported.
-	if (keepObject && !keepObject(object)) {
-		geometry = undefined;
-		material = undefined;
-	}
-
-	if ( (object instanceof Mesh || object instanceof SkinnedMesh) && 
-		material && typeof material === 'object' &&
-			(material instanceof MeshStandardMaterial || 
-			material instanceof MeshBasicMaterial || 
-			// material instanceof MeshPhysicalNodeMaterial ||
-			(material as any).isMeshPhysicalNodeMaterial  ||
-			(material instanceof Material && material.type === "MeshLineMaterial"))) {
-
-		const name = getObjectId( object );
-		const skinnedMeshObject = object instanceof SkinnedMesh ? object : null;
-		model = new USDObject( object.uuid, name, transform, geometry, material as any, undefined, skinnedMeshObject, object.animations );
-
-	} else if ( object instanceof PerspectiveCamera || object instanceof OrthographicCamera ) {
-
-		const name = getObjectId( object );
-		model = new USDObject( object.uuid, name, transform, undefined, undefined, object );
-
-	} else {
-
-		const name = getObjectId( object );
-		model = new USDObject( object.uuid, name, transform, undefined, undefined, undefined, undefined, object.animations );
-
-	}
-
-	if ( model ) {
-
-		model.displayName = object.userData?.name || object.name;
-		model.visibility = object.visible ? undefined : "invisible";
-
-		if ( parentModel ) {
-
-			parentModel.add( model );
-
-		}
-
-		parentModel = model;
-
-		if ( context.extensions ) {
-
-			for ( const ext of context.extensions ) {
-
-				if ( ext.onExportObject ) ext.onExportObject.call( ext, object, model, context );
-
-			}
-
-		}
-
-	} else {
-
-		const name = getObjectId( object );
-		const empty = new USDObject( object.uuid, name, { position: object.position, quaternion: object.quaternion, scale: object.scale } );
-		if ( parentModel ) {
-
-			parentModel.add( empty );
-
-		}
-
-		parentModel = empty;
-
-	}
-
-	for ( const ch of object.children ) {
-
-		traverse( ch, parentModel, context, keepObject );
-
-	}
-
-}
-
-function logUsdHierarchy( object: USDObject, prefix: string, ...extraLogObjects: any[] ) { 
-
-	const item = {};
-	let itemCount = 0;
-
-	function collectItem( object: USDObject, current) {
-		itemCount++;
-		let name = object.displayName || object.name;
-		name += " (" + object.uuid + ")";
-		const hasAny = object.geometry || object.material || object.camera || object.skinnedMesh;
-		if (hasAny) {
-			name += " (" + (object.geometry ? "geo, " : "") + (object.material ? "mat, " : "") + (object.camera ? "cam, " : "") + (object.skinnedMesh ? "skin, " : "") + ")";
-		}
-		current[name] = {};
-		const props = { object };
-		if (object.material) props['mat'] = true;
-		if (object.geometry) props['geo'] = true;
-		if (object.camera) props['cam'] = true;
-		if (object.skinnedMesh) props['skin'] = true;
-
-		current[name]._self = props;	
-		for ( const child of object.children ) {
-			if (child) {
-				collectItem(child, current[name]);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	collectItem(object, item);
-
-	console.log(prefix + " (" + itemCount + " nodes)", item, ...extraLogObjects);
-}
-
-function prune ( object: USDObject, options : { 
-	allBehaviorTargets: Set<string>, 
-	debug: boolean,
-	boneReparentings: Set<string>,
-	quickLookCompatible: boolean,
-} ) {
-
-	let allChildsWerePruned = true;
-	
-	const prunedChilds = new Array<USDObject>();
-	const keptChilds = new Array<USDObject>();
-
-	if (object.children.length === 0) {
-		allChildsWerePruned = true;
-	}
-	else {
-		const childs = [...object.children];
-		for ( const child of childs ) {
-			if (child) {
-				const childWasPruned = prune(child, options);
-				if (options.debug) {
-					if (childWasPruned) prunedChilds.push(child);
-					else keptChilds.push(child);
-				}
-				allChildsWerePruned = allChildsWerePruned && childWasPruned;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	// check if this object is referenced by any behavior
-	const isBehaviorSourceOrTarget = options.allBehaviorTargets.has(object.uuid);
-
-	// check if this object has any material or geometry
-	const isVisible = object.geometry || object.material || (object.camera && !options.quickLookCompatible) || object.skinnedMesh || false;
-
-	// check if this object is part of any reparenting
-	const isBoneReparenting = options.boneReparentings.has(object.uuid);
-
-	const canBePruned = allChildsWerePruned && !isBehaviorSourceOrTarget && !isVisible && !isBoneReparenting;
-
-	if (canBePruned) {
-		if (options.debug) console.log("Pruned object:", (object.displayName || object.name) + " (" + object.uuid + ")", { 
-			isVisible, 
-			isBehaviorSourceOrTarget, 
-			allChildsWerePruned, 
-			isBoneReparenting,
-			object, 
-			prunedChilds,
-			keptChilds
-		});
-		object.parent?.remove(object);
-	}
-	else {
-		if (options.debug) console.log("Kept object:", (object.displayName || object.name) + " (" + object.uuid + ")", { 
-			isVisible, 
-			isBehaviorSourceOrTarget, 
-			allChildsWerePruned, 
-			isBoneReparenting,
-			object, 
-			prunedChilds,
-			keptChilds
-		});
-	}
-
-	// if it has no children and is not a behavior source or target, and is not visible, prune it
-	return canBePruned;
-}
-
-async function parseDocument( context: USDZExporterContext, afterStageRoot: () => string ) {
-
-	Progress.start("export-usdz-resources", "export-usdz");
-	const resources: Array<() => void> = [];
-	for ( const child of context.document.children ) {
-		addResources( child, context, resources );
-	}
-	// addResources now only collects promises for better progress reporting.
-	// We are resolving them here and reporting progress on that:
-	const total = resources.length;
-	for (let i = 0; i < total; i++) {
-		Progress.report("export-usdz-resources", { totalSteps: total, currentStep: i });
-		await new Promise<void>((resolve, _reject) => {
-			resources[i]();
-			resolve();
-		});
-	}
-	Progress.end("export-usdz-resources");
-	
-	const writer = new USDWriter();
-	const arAnchoringOptions = context.exporter.sceneAnchoringOptions.ar;
-
-	writer.beginBlock( `def Xform "${context.document.name}"` );
-
-	writer.beginBlock( `def Scope "Scenes" (
-		kind = "sceneLibrary"
-	)` );
-
-	writer.beginBlock( `def Xform "Scene"`, '(', false);
-	writer.appendLine( `apiSchemas = ["Preliminary_AnchoringAPI"]` );
-	writer.appendLine( `customData = {`);
-	writer.appendLine( `	bool preliminary_collidesWithEnvironment = 0` );
-	writer.appendLine( `	string sceneName = "Scene"`);
-	writer.appendLine( `}` );
-	writer.appendLine( `sceneName = "Scene"` );
-	writer.closeBlock( ')' );
-	writer.beginBlock();
-
-	writer.appendLine( `token preliminary:anchoring:type = "${arAnchoringOptions.anchoring.type}"` );
-	if (arAnchoringOptions.anchoring.type === 'plane')
-		writer.appendLine( `token preliminary:planeAnchoring:alignment = "${arAnchoringOptions.planeAnchoring.alignment}"` );
-	// bit hacky as we don't have a callback here yet. Relies on the fact that the image is named identical in the ImageTracking extension.
-	if (arAnchoringOptions.anchoring.type === 'image')
-		writer.appendLine( `rel preliminary:imageAnchoring:referenceImage = </${context.document.name}/Scenes/Scene/AnchoringReferenceImage>` );
-	writer.appendLine();
-
-	const count = (object: USDObject | null) => {
-		if (!object) return 0;
-		let total = 1;
-		for ( const child of object.children ) total += count( child );
-		return total;
-	}
-	const totalXformCount = count(context.document);
-	Progress.start("export-usdz-xforms", "export-usdz");
-	Progress.report("export-usdz-xforms", { totalSteps: totalXformCount, currentStep: 1 });
-
-	for ( const child of context.document.children ) {
-		buildXform( child, writer, context );
-	}
-	Progress.end("export-usdz-xforms");
-
-	Progress.report("export-usdz", "invoke onAfterHierarchy");
-	invokeAll( context, 'onAfterHierarchy', writer );
-
-	writer.closeBlock();
-	writer.closeBlock();
-	writer.appendLine(afterStageRoot());
-	writer.closeBlock();
-
-	Progress.report("export-usdz", "write to string")
-	context.output += writer.toString();
-
-}
-
-function addResources( object: USDObject | null, context: USDZExporterContext, resources: Array<() => void>) {
-
-	if ( !object ) return;
-
-	const geometry = object.geometry;
-	const material = object.material;
-
-	if ( geometry ) {
-
-		if ( material && ( 
-			'isMeshStandardMaterial' in material && material.isMeshStandardMaterial || 
-			'isMeshBasicMaterial' in material && material.isMeshBasicMaterial ||
-			material.type === "MeshLineMaterial"
-		) )  { // TODO convert unlit to lit+emissive
-
-			const geometryFileName = 'geometries/' + getGeometryName(geometry, object.name) + '.usda';
-
-			if ( ! ( geometryFileName in context.files ) ) {
-
-				const action = () => {
-					const meshObject = buildMeshObject( geometry, object.skinnedMesh?.skeleton?.bones, context.quickLookCompatible );
-					context.files[ geometryFileName ] = buildUSDFileAsString( meshObject, context);
-				};
-
-				resources.push(action);
-
-			}
-
-		} else {
-
-			console.warn( 'NeedleUSDZExporter: Unsupported material type (USDZ only supports MeshStandardMaterial)', material?.name );
-
-		}
-
-	}
-
-	if ( material ) {
-		
-		if ( ! ( material.uuid in context.materials ) ) {
-
-			context.materials[ material.uuid ] = material;
-
-		}
-	}
-
-	for ( const ch of object.children ) {
-
-		addResources( ch, context, resources );
-
-	}
-
-}
-
-async function invokeAll( context: USDZExporterContext, name: string, writer: USDWriter | null = null ) {
-
-	if ( context.extensions ) {
-
-		for ( const ext of context.extensions ) {
-
-			if ( !ext ) continue;
-
-			if ( typeof ext[ name ] === 'function' ) {
-
-				const method = ext[ name ];
-				const res = method.call( ext, context, writer );
-				if(res instanceof Promise) {
-					await res;
-				}
-			}
-
-		}
-
-	}
-
-}
-let _renderer: WebGLRenderer | null = null;
-let renderTarget: WebGLRenderTarget | null = null;
-let fullscreenQuadGeometry: PlaneGeometry | null;
-let fullscreenQuadMaterial: ShaderMaterial | null;
-let fullscreenQuad: Mesh | null;
-
-declare type ImageReadbackResult = {
-	imageData: ImageData;
-	imageBitmap?: ImageBitmap;
-} 
-
-/** Reads back a texture from the GPU (can be compressed, a render texture, or anything), optionally applies RGBA colorScale to it, and returns CPU data for further usage. 
- * Note that there are WebGL / WebGPU rules preventing some use of data between WebGL contexts.
-*/
-async function decompressGpuTexture( texture, maxTextureSize = Infinity, renderer: WebGLRenderer | null = null, colorScale: Vector4 | undefined = undefined): Promise<ImageReadbackResult> {
-
-	if ( ! fullscreenQuadGeometry ) fullscreenQuadGeometry = new PlaneGeometry( 2, 2, 1, 1 );
-	if ( ! fullscreenQuadMaterial ) fullscreenQuadMaterial = new ShaderMaterial( {
-		uniforms: { 
-			blitTexture: new Uniform( texture ),
-			flipY: new Uniform( false ),
-			scale: new Uniform( new Vector4( 1, 1, 1, 1 ) ),
-		},
-		vertexShader: `
-            varying vec2 vUv;
-			uniform bool flipY;
-            void main(){
-                vUv = uv;
-				if (flipY)
-					vUv.y = 1. - vUv.y;
-                gl_Position = vec4(position.xy * 1.0,0.,.999999);
-            }`,
-		fragmentShader: `
-            uniform sampler2D blitTexture;
-			uniform vec4 scale; 
-            varying vec2 vUv;
-
-            void main(){ 
-                gl_FragColor = vec4(vUv.xy, 0, 1);
-                
-                #ifdef IS_SRGB
-                gl_FragColor = sRGBTransferOETF( texture2D( blitTexture, vUv) );
-                #else
-                gl_FragColor = texture2D( blitTexture, vUv);
-                #endif
-				
-				gl_FragColor.rgba *= scale.rgba;
-            }`
-	} );
-
-	// update uniforms
-	const uniforms = fullscreenQuadMaterial.uniforms;
-	uniforms.blitTexture.value = texture;
-	uniforms.flipY.value = false;
-	uniforms.scale.value = new Vector4( 1, 1, 1, 1 );
-	if ( colorScale !== undefined ) uniforms.scale.value.copy( colorScale );
-
-	fullscreenQuadMaterial.defines.IS_SRGB = texture.colorSpace == SRGBColorSpace;
-	fullscreenQuadMaterial.needsUpdate = true;
-
-	if ( ! fullscreenQuad ) {
-
-		fullscreenQuad = new Mesh( fullscreenQuadGeometry, fullscreenQuadMaterial );
-		fullscreenQuad.frustumCulled = false;
-
-	}
-
-	const _camera = new PerspectiveCamera();
-	const _scene = new Scene();
-	_scene.add( fullscreenQuad );
-
-	if ( ! renderer ) {
-
-		renderer = _renderer = new WebGLRenderer( { antialias: false, alpha: true, premultipliedAlpha: false, preserveDrawingBuffer: true } );
-
-	}
-
-	const width = Math.min( texture.image.width, maxTextureSize );
-	const height = Math.min( texture.image.height, maxTextureSize );
-
-	// dispose render target if the size is wrong
-	if ( renderTarget && ( renderTarget.width !== width || renderTarget.height !== height ) ) {
-
-		renderTarget.dispose();
-		renderTarget = null;
-
-	}
-
-	if ( ! renderTarget ) {
-		
-		renderTarget = new WebGLRenderTarget( width, height, { format: RGBAFormat, type: UnsignedByteType, minFilter: LinearFilter, magFilter: LinearFilter } );
-	}
-
-	renderer.setRenderTarget( renderTarget );
-	renderer.setSize( width, height );
-	renderer.clear();
-	renderer.render( _scene, _camera );
-
-	if ( _renderer ) {
-
-		_renderer.dispose();
-		_renderer = null;
-
-	}
-
-	const buffer = new Uint8ClampedArray( renderTarget.width * renderTarget.height * 4 );
-	renderer.readRenderTargetPixels( renderTarget, 0, 0, renderTarget.width, renderTarget.height, buffer );
-	const imageData = new ImageData( buffer, renderTarget.width, renderTarget.height, undefined );
-	const bmp = await createImageBitmap( imageData, { premultiplyAlpha: "none" } );
-	return {
-		imageData,
-		imageBitmap: bmp
-	};
-
-}
-
-/** Checks if the given image is of a type with readable data and width/height */
-function isImageBitmap( image ) {
-
-	return ( typeof HTMLImageElement !== 'undefined' && image instanceof HTMLImageElement ) ||
-		( typeof HTMLCanvasElement !== 'undefined' && image instanceof HTMLCanvasElement ) ||
-		( typeof OffscreenCanvas !== 'undefined' && image instanceof OffscreenCanvas ) ||
-		( typeof ImageBitmap !== 'undefined' && image instanceof ImageBitmap );
-
-}
-
-/** This method uses a 'bitmaprenderer' context and doesn't do any pixel manipulation. 
- * This way, we can keep the alpha channel as it was, but we're losing the ability to do pixel manipulations or resize operations. */
-async function imageToCanvasUnpremultiplied( image: ImageBitmapSource & { width: number, height: number }, maxTextureSize = 4096) {
-
-	const scale = maxTextureSize / Math.max( image.width, image.height );
-	const width = image.width * Math.min( 1, scale );
-	const height = image.height * Math.min( 1, scale );
-
-	const canvas = new OffscreenCanvas( width, height );
-	const settings: ImageBitmapOptions = { premultiplyAlpha: "none" };
-	if (image.width !== width) settings.resizeWidth = width;
-	if (image.height !== height) settings.resizeHeight = height;
-
-	const imageBitmap = await createImageBitmap(image, settings);
-	const ctx = canvas.getContext("bitmaprenderer") as ImageBitmapRenderingContext | null;
-	if (ctx) {
-		ctx.transferFromImageBitmap(imageBitmap);
-	}
-	return canvas as OffscreenCanvasExt;
-}
-
-/** This method uses a '2d' canvas context for pixel manipulation, and can apply a color scale or Y flip to the given image.
- * Unfortunately, canvas always uses premultiplied data, and thus images with low alpha values (or multiplying by a=0) will result in black pixels.
- */
-async function imageToCanvas( image: HTMLImageElement | HTMLCanvasElement | OffscreenCanvas | ImageBitmap, color: Vector4 | undefined = undefined, flipY = false, maxTextureSize = 4096 ) {
-
-	if ( isImageBitmap( image ) ) {
-
-		// max. canvas size on Safari is still 4096x4096
-		const scale = maxTextureSize / Math.max( image.width, image.height );
-
-		const canvas = new OffscreenCanvas( image.width * Math.min( 1, scale ), image.height * Math.min( 1, scale ) );
-
-		const context = canvas.getContext( '2d', { alpha: true, premultipliedAlpha: false } ) as OffscreenCanvasRenderingContext2D;
-		if (!context) throw new Error('Could not get canvas 2D context');
-
-		if ( flipY === true ) {
-
-			context.translate( 0, canvas.height );
-			context.scale( 1, - 1 );
-
-		}
-
-		context.drawImage( image, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height );
-
-		// Currently only used to apply opacity scale since QuickLook and usdview don't support that yet
-		if ( color !== undefined ) {
-
-			const r = color.x;
-			const g = color.y;
-			const b = color.z;
-			const a = color.w;
-
-			const imagedata = context.getImageData( 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height );
-			const data = imagedata.data;
-
-			for ( let i = 0; i < data.length; i += 4 ) {
-
-				data[ i + 0 ] = data[ i + 0 ] * r;
-				data[ i + 1 ] = data[ i + 1 ] * g;
-				data[ i + 2 ] = data[ i + 2 ] * b;
-				data[ i + 3 ] = data[ i + 3 ] * a;
-
-			}
-
-			context.putImageData( imagedata, 0, 0 );
-
-		}
-
-		return canvas as OffscreenCanvasExt;
-
-	} else {
-
-		throw new Error( 'NeedleUSDZExporter: No valid image data found. Unable to process texture.' );
-
-	}
-
-}
-
-//
-
-const PRECISION = 7;
-
-function buildHeader() {
-
-	return `#usda 1.0
-(
-    customLayerData = {
-        string creator = "Needle Engine USDZExporter"
-    }
-    metersPerUnit = 1
-    upAxis = "Y"
-)
-`;
-
-}
-
-function buildUSDFileAsString( dataToInsert, _context: USDZExporterContext ) {
-
-	let output = buildHeader();
-	output += dataToInsert;
-	return fflate.strToU8( output );
-
-}
-
-function getObjectId( object ) {
-
-	return object.name.replace( /[-<>\(\)\[\]§$%&\/\\\=\?\,\;]/g, '' ) + '_' + object.id;
-
-}
-
-function getBoneName(bone: Object3D) {
-	return makeNameSafe(bone.name || 'bone_' + bone.uuid);
-}
-
-function getGeometryName(geometry: BufferGeometry, _fallbackName: string) {
-	// Using object names here breaks instancing...
-	// So we removed fallbackName again. Downside: geometries don't have nice names...
-	// A better workaround would be that we actually name them on glTF import (so the geometry has a name, not the object)
-	return makeNameSafe(geometry.name || 'Geometry') + "_" + geometry.id;
-}
-
-function getMaterialName(material: Material) {
-	return makeNameSafe(material.name || 'Material') + "_" + material.id;
-}
-
-function getPathToSkeleton(bone: Object3D, assumedRoot: Object3D) {
-	let path = getBoneName(bone);
-	let current = bone.parent;
-	while ( current && current !== assumedRoot ) {
-		path = getBoneName(current) + '/' + path;
-		current = current.parent;
-	}
-	return path;
-}
-
-// Xform
-
-export function buildXform( model: USDObject | null, writer: USDWriter, context: USDZExporterContext ) {
-
-	if ( model == null)
-		return;
-
-	Progress.report("export-usdz-xforms", { message: "buildXform " + model.displayName || model.name, autoStep: true });
-
-	// const matrix = model.matrix;
-	const transform = model.transform;
-	const geometry = model.geometry;
-	const material = model.material;
-	const camera = model.camera;
-	const name = model.name;
-
-	if ( model.animations ) {
-		for ( const animation of model.animations ) {
-			context.animations.push( animation )
-		}
-	}
-
-	// const transform = buildMatrix( matrix );
-
-	/*
-	if ( matrix.determinant() < 0 ) {
-
-		console.warn( 'NeedleUSDZExporter: USDZ does not support negative scales', name );
-
-	}
-	*/
-
-	const isSkinnedMesh = geometry && geometry.isBufferGeometry && geometry.attributes.skinIndex !== undefined && geometry.attributes.skinIndex.count > 0;
-	const objType = isSkinnedMesh ? 'SkelRoot' : 'Xform';
-	const _apiSchemas = new Array<string>();
-
-	// Specific case: the material is white unlit, the mesh has vertex colors, so we can
-	// export as displayColor directly
-	const isUnlitDisplayColor = 
-		material && material instanceof MeshBasicMaterial && 
-		material.color && material.color.r === 1 && material.color.g === 1 && material.color.b === 1 &&
-		!material.map && material.opacity === 1 &&
-		geometry?.attributes.color;
-
-	if (geometry?.attributes.color && !isUnlitDisplayColor) {
-		console.warn("NeedleUSDZExporter: Geometry has vertex colors. Vertex colors will only be shown in QuickLook for unlit materials with white color and no texture. Otherwise, they will be ignored.", model.displayName);
-	}
-
-	writer.appendLine();
-	if ( geometry ) {
-		writer.beginBlock( `def ${objType} "${name}"`, "(", false );
-		// NE-4084: To use the doubleSided workaround with skeletal meshes we'd have to 
-		// also emit extra data for jointIndices etc., so we're skipping skinned meshes here.
-		if (context.quickLookCompatible && material && material.side === DoubleSide && !isSkinnedMesh)
-			writer.appendLine(`prepend references = @./geometries/${getGeometryName(geometry, name)}.usda@</Geometry_doubleSided>`);
-		else
-			writer.appendLine(`prepend references = @./geometries/${getGeometryName(geometry, name)}.usda@</Geometry>`);
-		if (!isUnlitDisplayColor)
-			_apiSchemas.push("MaterialBindingAPI");
-		if (isSkinnedMesh)
-			_apiSchemas.push("SkelBindingAPI");
-	}
-	else if ( camera && !context.quickLookCompatible)
-		writer.beginBlock( `def Camera "${name}"`, "(", false );
-	else if ( model.type !== undefined)
-		writer.beginBlock( `def ${model.type} "${name}"` );
-	else // if (model.type === undefined)
-		writer.beginBlock( `def Xform "${name}"`, "(", false);
-
-	if (model.type === undefined) {
-		if (model.extraSchemas?.length)
-			_apiSchemas.push(...model.extraSchemas);
-		if (_apiSchemas.length)
-			writer.appendLine(`prepend apiSchemas = [${_apiSchemas.map(s => `"${s}"`).join(', ')}]`);
-	}
-	
-	if (model.displayName)
-		writer.appendLine(`displayName = "${makeDisplayNameSafe(model.displayName)}"`);
-	
-	if ( camera || model.type === undefined) {
-		writer.closeBlock( ")" );
-		writer.beginBlock();
-	}
-
-	if ( geometry && material ) {
-		if (!isUnlitDisplayColor) {
-			const materialName = getMaterialName(material);
-			writer.appendLine( `rel material:binding = </StageRoot/Materials/${materialName}>` );
-		}
-
-		// Turns out QuickLook / RealityKit doesn't support the doubleSided attribute, so we
-		// work around that by emitting additional indices above, and then we shouldn't emit the attribute either as geometry is
-		// already doubleSided then.
-		if (!context.quickLookCompatible && material.side === DoubleSide ) {
-			// double-sided is a mesh property in USD, we can apply it as `over` here
-			writer.beginBlock( `over "Geometry" `);
-			writer.appendLine( `uniform bool doubleSided = 1` );
-			writer.closeBlock();
-		}
-	}
-	let haveWrittenAnyXformOps = false;
-	if ( isSkinnedMesh ) {
-		writer.appendLine( `rel skel:skeleton = <Rig>` );
-		writer.appendLine( `rel skel:animationSource = <Rig/_anim>`);
-		haveWrittenAnyXformOps = false;
-		// writer.appendLine( `matrix4d xformOp:transform = ${buildMatrix(new Matrix4())}` ); // always identity / in world space
-	}
-	else if (model.type === undefined) {
-		if (transform) {
-			haveWrittenAnyXformOps = haveWrittenAnyXformOps || (transform.position !== null || transform.quaternion !== null || transform.scale !== null);
-			if (transform.position) {
-				model.needsTranslate = true;
-				writer.appendLine( `double3 xformOp:translate = (${fn(transform.position.x)}, ${fn(transform.position.y)}, ${fn(transform.position.z)})` );
-			}
-			if (transform.quaternion) {
-				model.needsOrient = true;
-				writer.appendLine( `quatf xformOp:orient = (${fn(transform.quaternion.w)}, ${fn(transform.quaternion.x)}, ${fn(transform.quaternion.y)}, ${fn(transform.quaternion.z)})` );
-			}
-			if (transform.scale) {
-				model.needsScale = true;
-				writer.appendLine( `double3 xformOp:scale = (${fn(transform.scale.x)}, ${fn(transform.scale.y)}, ${fn(transform.scale.z)})` );
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (model.visibility !== undefined)
-		writer.appendLine(`token visibility = "${model.visibility}"`);
-
-	if ( camera && !context.quickLookCompatible) {
-
-		if ( 'isOrthographicCamera' in camera && camera.isOrthographicCamera ) {
-
-			writer.appendLine( `float2 clippingRange = (${camera.near}, ${camera.far})` );
-			writer.appendLine( `float horizontalAperture = ${( ( Math.abs( camera.left ) + Math.abs( camera.right ) ) * 10 ).toPrecision( PRECISION )}` );
-			writer.appendLine( `float verticalAperture = ${( ( Math.abs( camera.top ) + Math.abs( camera.bottom ) ) * 10 ).toPrecision( PRECISION )}` );
-			writer.appendLine( 'token projection = "orthographic"' );
-
-		} else if ( 'isPerspectiveCamera' in camera && camera.isPerspectiveCamera) {
-
-			writer.appendLine( `float2 clippingRange = (${camera.near.toPrecision( PRECISION )}, ${camera.far.toPrecision( PRECISION )})` );
-			writer.appendLine( `float focalLength = ${camera.getFocalLength().toPrecision( PRECISION )}` );
-			writer.appendLine( `float focusDistance = ${camera.focus.toPrecision( PRECISION )}` );
-			writer.appendLine( `float horizontalAperture = ${camera.getFilmWidth().toPrecision( PRECISION )}` );
-			writer.appendLine( 'token projection = "perspective"' );
-			writer.appendLine( `float verticalAperture = ${camera.getFilmHeight().toPrecision( PRECISION )}` );
-		}
-
-	}
-
-	if ( model.onSerialize ) {
-
-		model.onSerialize( writer, context );
-
-	}
-
-	// after serialization, we know which xformops to actually define here:
-	if (model.type === undefined) {
-		// TODO only write the necessary ones – this isn't trivial though because we need to know
-		// if some of them are animated, and then we need to include those.
-		// Best approach would likely be to write xformOpOrder _after_ onSerialize
-		// and keep track of what was written in onSerialize (e.g. model.needsTranslate = true)
-		const ops = new Array<string>();
-		if (model.needsTranslate) ops.push('"xformOp:translate"');
-		if (model.needsOrient) ops.push('"xformOp:orient"');
-		if (model.needsScale) ops.push('"xformOp:scale"');
-		if (ops.length)
-			writer.appendLine( `uniform token[] xformOpOrder = [${ops.join(', ')}]` );
-	}
-
-	if ( model.children ) {
-
-		writer.appendLine();
-		for ( const ch of model.children ) {
-
-			buildXform( ch, writer, context );
-
-		}
-
-	}
-
-	writer.closeBlock();
-
-}
-
-function fn( num:number ): string {
-
-	return Number.isInteger(num) ? num.toString() : num.toFixed( 10 );
-
-}
-
-function buildMatrix( matrix ) {
-
-	const array = matrix.elements;
-
-	return `( ${buildMatrixRow( array, 0 )}, ${buildMatrixRow( array, 4 )}, ${buildMatrixRow( array, 8 )}, ${buildMatrixRow( array, 12 )} )`;
-
-}
-
-function buildMatrixRow( array, offset ) {
-
-	return `(${fn( array[ offset + 0 ] )}, ${fn( array[ offset + 1 ] )}, ${fn( array[ offset + 2 ] )}, ${fn( array[ offset + 3 ] )})`;
-
-}
-
-// Mesh
-
-function buildMeshObject( geometry: BufferGeometry, bonesArray: Bone[] = [], quickLookCompatible: boolean = true) {
-
-	const mesh = buildMesh( geometry, bonesArray, quickLookCompatible );
-	return `
-def "Geometry"
-${mesh}
-`;
-
-}
-
-function buildMesh( geometry: BufferGeometry, bones: Bone[] = [], quickLookCompatible: boolean = true) {
-
-	const name = 'Geometry';
-	const attributes = geometry.attributes;
-	const count = attributes.position.count;
-
-	const hasBones = bones && bones.length > 0;
-
-	// We need to sort bones and all skinning data by path –
-	// Neither glTF nor three.js care, but in USD they must be sorted
-	// since the array defines the virtual hierarchy and is evaluated in that order
-	const sortedBones: Array<{bone: Object3D, index: number}> = [];
-	const indexMapping: number[] = [];
-	let sortedSkinIndex = new Array<number>();
-	let sortedSkinIndexAttribute: BufferAttribute | InterleavedBufferAttribute | null = attributes.skinIndex;
-	let bonesArray = "";
-	if (hasBones) {
-		const uuidsFound:string[] = [];
-		for (const bone of bones ) {
-			// if (bone.parent!.type !== 'Bone')
-			{
-				sortedBones.push({bone: bone, index: bones.indexOf(bone)});
-				uuidsFound.push(bone.uuid);
-			}
-		}
-
-		let maxSteps = 10_000;
-		while (uuidsFound.length < bones.length && maxSteps-- > 0) {
-			for (const sortedBone of sortedBones) {
-				const children = sortedBone.bone.children as Bone[];
-				for (const childBone of children){
-					if (uuidsFound.indexOf(childBone.uuid) === -1 && bones.indexOf(childBone) !== -1){
-						sortedBones.push({bone: childBone, index: bones.indexOf(childBone)});
-						uuidsFound.push(childBone.uuid);
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		if (maxSteps <= 0) console.error("Failed to sort bones in skinned mesh", sortedBones, bones, uuidsFound);
-
-		// add structural nodes to the list of bones
-		for (const structuralNode of findStructuralNodesInBoneHierarchy(bones) ) {
-			sortedBones.push( { bone: structuralNode, index: sortedBones.length } );
-		}
-
-        // sort bones by path – need to be sorted in the same order as during mesh export
-		const assumedRoot = sortedBones[0].bone.parent!;
-		sortedBones.sort((a, b) => getPathToSkeleton(a.bone, assumedRoot) > getPathToSkeleton(b.bone, assumedRoot) ? 1 : -1);
-		bonesArray = sortedBones.map( x => "\"" + getPathToSkeleton(x.bone, assumedRoot) + "\"" ).join( ', ' );
-		
-		// TODO we can probably skip the expensive attribute re-ordering if the bones were already in a correct order.
-		// That doesn't mean that they are strictly sorted by path – just that all parents strictly need to come first.
-
-		// build index mapping
-		for (const i in sortedBones) {
-			indexMapping[sortedBones[i].index] = parseInt(i);
-		}
-
-		// remap skin index attributes
-		const skinIndex = attributes.skinIndex;
-		sortedSkinIndex = new Array<number>();
-		for ( let i = 0; i < skinIndex.count; i ++ ) {
-	
-			const x = skinIndex.getX( i );
-			const y = skinIndex.getY( i );
-			const z = skinIndex.getZ( i );
-			const w = skinIndex.getW( i );
-
-			sortedSkinIndex.push( indexMapping[x], indexMapping[y], indexMapping[z], indexMapping[w] );
-		}
-
-		// turn it back into an attribute so the rest of the code doesn't need to learn a new thing
-		sortedSkinIndexAttribute = new BufferAttribute( new Uint16Array( sortedSkinIndex ), 4 );
-	}
-
-	const isSkinnedMesh = attributes.skinWeight && attributes.skinIndex;
-
-	return `
-{	
-    def Mesh "${name}" ${isSkinnedMesh ? `(
-        prepend apiSchemas = ["SkelBindingAPI"]
-    )` : ''}
-    {
-        int[] faceVertexCounts = [${buildMeshVertexCount( geometry )}]
-        int[] faceVertexIndices = [${buildMeshVertexIndices( geometry )}]
-		${attributes.normal || quickLookCompatible ? // in QuickLook, normals are required, otherwise double-sided rendering doesn't work.
-		`normal3f[] normals = [${buildVector3Array( attributes.normal, count )}] (
-            interpolation = "vertex"
-        )` : '' }
-        point3f[] points = [${buildVector3Array( attributes.position, count )}]
-        ${attributes.uv ?
-		`texCoord2f[] primvars:st = [${buildVector2Array( attributes.uv, count, true )}] (
-            interpolation = "vertex"
-        )` : '' }
-		${attributes.uv1 ? buildCustomAttributeAccessor('st1', attributes.uv1) : '' }
-		${attributes.uv2 ? buildCustomAttributeAccessor('st2', attributes.uv2) : '' }
-		${attributes.uv3 ? buildCustomAttributeAccessor('st3', attributes.uv3) : '' }
-		${isSkinnedMesh ?
-			`matrix4d primvars:skel:geomBindTransform = ( (1, 0, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0, 0), (0, 0, 1, 0), (0, 0, 0, 1) ) (
-				elementSize = 1
-				interpolation = "constant"
-			)` : '' }
-		${attributes.skinIndex ?
-		`int[] primvars:skel:jointIndices = [${buildVector4Array( sortedSkinIndexAttribute, true )}] (
-			elementSize = 4
-			interpolation = "vertex"
-		)` : '' }
-		${attributes.skinWeight ?
-		`float[] primvars:skel:jointWeights = [${buildVector4Array( attributes.skinWeight )}] (
-			elementSize = 4
-			interpolation = "vertex"
-		)` : '' }
-		${attributes.color ?
-		`color3f[] primvars:displayColor = [${buildVector3Array( attributes.color, count )}] (
-			interpolation = "vertex"
-		)` : '' }
-        uniform token subdivisionScheme = "none"
-    }
-}
-${quickLookCompatible ? `
-# This is a workaround for QuickLook/RealityKit not supporting the doubleSided attribute. We're adding a second
-# geometry definition here, that uses the same mesh data but appends extra faces with reversed winding order.
-def "${name}_doubleSided" (
-	prepend references = </Geometry>
-)
-{
-	over "Geometry"
-	{
-		int[] faceVertexCounts = [${buildMeshVertexCount( geometry ) + ", " + buildMeshVertexCount( geometry )}]
-		int[] faceVertexIndices = [${buildMeshVertexIndices( geometry ) + ", " + buildMeshVertexIndices( geometry, true )}]
-	}
-}
-` : '' }
-`;
-}
-
-function buildMeshVertexCount( geometry: BufferGeometry ) {
-
-	const count = geometry.index !== null ? geometry.index.count : geometry.attributes.position.count;
-
-	return Array( Math.floor(count / 3) ).fill( 3 ).join( ', ' );
-
-}
-
-function buildMeshVertexIndices( geometry: BufferGeometry, reverseWinding: boolean = false ) {
-
-	const index = geometry.index;
-	const array: Array<number> = [];
-
-	if ( index !== null ) {
-
-		for ( let i = 0; i < index.count; i ++ ) {
-
-			let val = i;
-			if ( reverseWinding )
-				val  = i % 3 === 0 ? i + 2 : i % 3 === 2 ? i - 2 : i;
-			array.push( index.getX( val ) );
-
-		}
-
-	} else {
-
-		const length = geometry.attributes.position.count;
-
-		for ( let i = 0; i < length; i ++ ) {
-
-			let val = i;
-			if ( reverseWinding )
-				val  = i % 3 === 0 ? i + 2 : i % 3 === 2 ? i - 2 : i;
-			array.push( val );
-
-		}
-
-	}
-
-	return array.join( ', ' );
-
-}
-
-/** Returns a string with the correct attribute declaration for the given attribute. Could have 2,3,4 components. */
-function buildCustomAttributeAccessor( primvarName: string, attribute: BufferAttribute | InterleavedBufferAttribute ) {
-	const count = attribute.itemSize;
-	switch (count) {
-		case 2:	
-			// TODO: Check if we want to flip Y here as well. We do that for texcoords, but the data in UV1..N could be intended for other purposes.
-			return `texCoord2f[] primvars:${primvarName} = [${buildVector2Array( attribute, count, true )}] (
-				interpolation = "vertex"
-			)`;
-		case 3:
-			return `texCoord3f[] primvars:${primvarName} = [${buildVector3Array( attribute, count )}] (
-				interpolation = "vertex"
-			)`;
-		case 4:
-			return `double4[] primvars:${primvarName} = [${buildVector4Array2( attribute, count )}] (
-				interpolation = "vertex"
-			)`;
-		default:
-			console.warn('USDZExporter: Attribute with ' + count + ' components are currently not supported. Results may be undefined for ' + primvarName + '.');
-			return '';
-	}
-}
-
-function buildVector3Array( attribute, count ) {
-
-	if ( attribute === undefined ) {
-
-		console.warn( 'USDZExporter: A mesh attribute is missing and will be set with placeholder data. The result may look incorrect.' );
-		return Array( count ).fill( '(0, 0, 1)' ).join( ', ' );
-
-	}
-
-	const array: Array<string> = [];
-
-	for ( let i = 0; i < attribute.count; i ++ ) {
-
-		const x = attribute.getX( i );
-		const y = attribute.getY( i );
-		const z = attribute.getZ( i );
-
-		array.push( `(${x.toPrecision( PRECISION )}, ${y.toPrecision( PRECISION )}, ${z.toPrecision( PRECISION )})` );
-
-	}
-
-	return array.join( ', ' );
-
-}
-
-
-function buildVector4Array2( attribute, count ) {
-
-	if ( attribute === undefined ) {
-
-		console.warn( 'USDZExporter: Attribute is missing. Results may be undefined.' );
-		return Array( count ).fill( '(0, 0, 0, 0)' ).join( ', ' );
-
-	}
-
-	const array: Array<string> = [];
-
-	for ( let i = 0; i < attribute.count; i ++ ) {
-
-		const x = attribute.getX( i );
-		const y = attribute.getY( i );
-		const z = attribute.getZ( i ) || 0;
-		const w = attribute.getW( i ) || 0;
-
-		array.push( `(${x.toPrecision( PRECISION )}, ${y.toPrecision( PRECISION )}, ${z.toPrecision( PRECISION )}, ${w.toPrecision( PRECISION )})` );
-
-	}
-
-	return array.join( ', ' );
-
-}
-
-function buildVector4Array( attribute, ints = false ) {
-	const array: Array<string> = [];
-
-	for ( let i = 0; i < attribute.count; i ++ ) {
-
-		const x = attribute.getX( i );
-		const y = attribute.getY( i );
-		const z = attribute.getZ( i );
-		const w = attribute.getW( i );
-
-		array.push( `${ints ? x : x.toPrecision( PRECISION )}` );
-		array.push( `${ints ? y : y.toPrecision( PRECISION )}` );
-		array.push( `${ints ? z : z.toPrecision( PRECISION )}` );
-		array.push( `${ints ? w : w.toPrecision( PRECISION )}` );
-
-	}
-
-	return array.join( ', ' );
-
-}
-
-function buildVector2Array( attribute: BufferAttribute | InterleavedBufferAttribute, count: number, flipY: boolean = false ) {
-	
-	if ( attribute === undefined ) {
-
-		console.warn( 'USDZExporter: UVs missing.' );
-		return Array( count ).fill( '(0, 0)' ).join( ', ' );
-
-	}
-
-	const array: Array<string> = [];
-
-	for ( let i = 0; i < attribute.count; i ++ ) {
-
-		const x = attribute.getX( i );
-		let y = attribute.getY( i );
-		if (flipY)
-			y = 1 - y;
-		array.push( `(${x.toPrecision( PRECISION )}, ${y.toPrecision( PRECISION )})` );
-
-	}
-
-	return array.join( ', ' );
-
-}
-
-// Materials
-
-function buildMaterials( materials: Map<string, Material>, textures: TextureMap, quickLookCompatible = false ) {
-
-	const array: Array<string> = [];
-
-	for ( const uuid in materials ) {
-
-		const material = materials[ uuid ];
-
-		array.push( buildMaterial( material, textures, quickLookCompatible ) );
-
-	}
-
-	return `
-	def "Materials"
-    {
-${array.join( '' )}
-    }`;
-}
-
-/** Slot of the exported texture. Some slots (e.g. normal, opacity) require additional processing. */
-declare type MapType = 'diffuse' | 'normal' | 'occlusion' | 'opacity' | 'roughness' | 'emissive' | 'metallic' | 'transmission';
-
-function texName(tex: Texture) {
-	// If we have a source, we only want to use the source's id, not the texture's id
-	// to avoid exporting the same underlying data multiple times.
-	return makeNameSafe(tex.name) + '_' + (tex.source?.id ?? tex.id);
-}
-
-function buildTexture( texture: Texture, mapType: MapType, quickLookCompatible: boolean, textures: TextureMap, material, usedUVChannels, color: Color | undefined = undefined, opacity: number | undefined = undefined ) {
-
-	const name = texName(texture);
-	// File names need to be unique; so when we're baking color and/or opacity into a texture we need to keep track of that.
-	// TODO This currently results in textures potentially being exported multiple times that are actually identical!
-	// const colorHex = color ? color.getHexString() : undefined;
-	// const colorId = ( color && colorHex != 'ffffff' ? '_' + color.getHexString() : '' );
-	const id = name + ( opacity !== undefined && opacity !== 1.0 ? '_' + opacity : '' );
-
-	// Seems neither QuickLook nor usdview support scale/bias on .a values, so we need to bake opacity multipliers into
-	// the texture. This is not ideal.
-	const opacityIsAppliedToTextureAndNotAsScale = quickLookCompatible && opacity !== undefined && opacity !== 1.0;
-	const scaleToApply = opacityIsAppliedToTextureAndNotAsScale ? new Vector4(1, 1, 1, opacity) : undefined;
-
-	// Treat undefined opacity as 1
-	if (opacity === undefined)
-		opacity = 1.0;
-
-	// When we're baking opacity into the texture, we shouldn't apply it as scale as well – so we set it to 1.
-	if (opacityIsAppliedToTextureAndNotAsScale)
-		opacity = 1.0;
-
-	// sanitize scaleToApply.w === 0 - this isn't working right now, seems the PNG can't be read back properly.
-	if (scaleToApply && scaleToApply.w <= 0.05) scaleToApply.w = 0.05;
-
-	textures[ id ] = { texture, scale: scaleToApply };
-
-	const uv = texture.channel > 0 ? 'st' + texture.channel : 'st';
-	usedUVChannels.add(texture.channel);
-
-	const isRGBA = formatsWithAlphaChannel.includes( texture.format );
-
-	const WRAPPINGS = {
-		1000: 'repeat', // RepeatWrapping
-		1001: 'clamp', // ClampToEdgeWrapping
-		1002: 'mirror' // MirroredRepeatWrapping
-	};
-
-	const repeat = texture.repeat.clone();
-	const offset = texture.offset.clone();
-	const rotation = texture.rotation;
-
-	// rotation is around the wrong point. after rotation we need to shift offset again so that we're rotating around the right spot
-	const xRotationOffset = Math.sin(rotation);
-	const yRotationOffset = Math.cos(rotation);
-
-	// texture coordinates start in the opposite corner, need to correct
-	offset.y = 1 - offset.y - repeat.y;
-
-	// turns out QuickLook is buggy and interprets texture repeat inverted.
-	// Apple Feedback: 	FB10036297 and FB11442287
-	if ( quickLookCompatible ) {
-
-		// This is NOT correct yet in QuickLook, but comes close for a range of models.
-		// It becomes more incorrect the bigger the offset is
-
-		// sanitize repeat values to avoid NaNs
-		if (repeat.x === 0) repeat.x = 0.0001;
-		if (repeat.y === 0) repeat.y = 0.0001;
-
-		offset.x = offset.x / repeat.x;
-		offset.y = offset.y / repeat.y;
-
-		offset.x += xRotationOffset / repeat.x;
-		offset.y += yRotationOffset - 1;
-	}
-
-	else {
-
-		// results match glTF results exactly. verified correct in usdview.
-		offset.x += xRotationOffset * repeat.x;
-		offset.y += (1 - yRotationOffset) * repeat.y;
-
-	}
-
-	const materialName = getMaterialName(material);
-
-	const needsTextureTransform = ( repeat.x != 1 || repeat.y != 1 || offset.x != 0 || offset.y != 0 || rotation != 0 );
-	const textureTransformInput = `${materialRoot}/${materialName}/${'uvReader_' + uv}.outputs:result>`;		const textureTransformOutput = `${materialRoot}/${materialName}/Transform2d_${mapType}.outputs:result>`;
-	const needsTextureScale = mapType !== 'normal' && (color && (color.r !== 1 || color.g !== 1 || color.b !== 1 || opacity !== 1)) || false;
-
-	const needsNormalScaleAndBias = mapType === 'normal';
-	const normalScale = material instanceof MeshStandardMaterial ? (material.normalScale ? material.normalScale.x * 2 : 2) : 2;
-	const normalScaleValueString = normalScale.toFixed( PRECISION );
-	const normalBiasString = (-1 * (normalScale / 2)).toFixed( PRECISION );
-	const normalBiasZString = (1 - normalScale).toFixed( PRECISION );
-
-	return `
-		${needsTextureTransform ? `def Shader "Transform2d_${mapType}" (
-			sdrMetadata = {
-				string role = "math"
-			}
-		)
-		{
-			uniform token info:id = "UsdTransform2d"
-			float2 inputs:in.connect = ${textureTransformInput}
-			float2 inputs:scale = ${buildVector2( repeat )}
-			float2 inputs:translation = ${buildVector2( offset )}
-			float inputs:rotation = ${(rotation / Math.PI * 180).toFixed( PRECISION )}
-			float2 outputs:result
-		}
-		` : '' }
-		def Shader "${name}_${mapType}"
-		{
-			uniform token info:id = "UsdUVTexture"
-			asset inputs:file = @textures/${id}.${isRGBA ? 'png' : 'jpg'}@
-			token inputs:sourceColorSpace = "${ texture.colorSpace === 'srgb' ? 'sRGB' : 'raw' }"
-			float2 inputs:st.connect = ${needsTextureTransform ? textureTransformOutput : textureTransformInput}
-			${needsTextureScale ? `
-			float4 inputs:scale = (${color ? color.r + ', ' + color.g + ', ' + color.b : '1, 1, 1'}, ${opacity})
-			` : `` }
-			${needsNormalScaleAndBias ? `
-			float4 inputs:scale = (${normalScaleValueString}, ${normalScaleValueString}, ${normalScaleValueString}, 1)
-			float4 inputs:bias = (${normalBiasString}, ${normalBiasString}, ${normalBiasZString}, 0)
-			` : `` }
-			token inputs:wrapS = "${ WRAPPINGS[ texture.wrapS ] }"
-			token inputs:wrapT = "${ WRAPPINGS[ texture.wrapT ] }"
-			float outputs:r
-			float outputs:g
-			float outputs:b
-			float3 outputs:rgb
-			${material.transparent || material.alphaTest > 0.0 ? 'float outputs:a' : ''}
-		}`;
-}
-
-function buildMaterial( material: MeshBasicMaterial, textures: TextureMap, quickLookCompatible = false ) {
-
-	const materialName = getMaterialName(material);
-
-	// Special case: occluder material
-	// Supported on iOS 18+ and visionOS 1+
-	const isShadowCatcherMaterial = 
-		material.colorWrite === false || 
-		(material.userData?.isShadowCatcherMaterial || material.userData?.isLightBlendMaterial);
-	if (isShadowCatcherMaterial) {
-
-		// Two options here:
-		// - ND_realitykit_occlusion_surfaceshader (non-shadow receiving)
-		// - ND_realitykit_shadowreceiver_surfaceshader (shadow receiving)
-
-		const mode = (material.userData.isLightBlendMaterial || material.userData.isShadowCatcherMaterial)
-			? "ND_realitykit_shadowreceiver_surfaceshader"
-			: "ND_realitykit_occlusion_surfaceshader";
-		
-		return `
-
-		def Material "${materialName}" ${material.name ?`(
-			displayName = "${material.name}"
-		)` : ''}
-		{
-			token outputs:mtlx:surface.connect = ${materialRoot}/${materialName}/Occlusion.outputs:out>
-
-			def Shader "Occlusion"
-			{
-				uniform token info:id = "${mode}"
-				token outputs:out
-			}
-		}`;
-	}
-
-	// https://graphics.pixar.com/usd/docs/UsdPreviewSurface-Proposal.html
-
-	const pad = '                ';
-	const inputs: Array<string> = [];
-	const samplers: Array<string> = [];
-	const usedUVChannels: Set<number> = new Set();
-
-	if ((material as any).isMeshPhysicalNodeMaterial === true) {
-		return buildNodeMaterial(material as unknown as MeshPhysicalNodeMaterial, materialName, textures);
-	}
-
-	let effectiveOpacity = ( material.transparent || material.alphaTest ) ? material.opacity : 1;
-	let haveConnectedOpacity = false;
-	let haveConnectedOpacityThreshold = false;
-	
-	if ( material instanceof MeshPhysicalMaterial && material.transmission !== undefined) {
-
-		// TODO does not help when a roughnessMap is used
-		effectiveOpacity *= (1 - material.transmission * (1 - (material.roughness * 0.5)));
-
-	}
-
-	if ( material.map ) {
-
-		inputs.push( `${pad}color3f inputs:diffuseColor.connect = ${materialRoot}/${materialName}/${texName(material.map)}_diffuse.outputs:rgb>` );
-
-		// Enforce alpha hashing in QuickLook for unlit materials
-		if (material instanceof MeshBasicMaterial && material.transparent && material.alphaTest == 0.0 && quickLookCompatible) {
-			inputs.push( `${pad}float inputs:opacity.connect = ${materialRoot}/${materialName}/${texName(material.map)}_diffuse.outputs:a>` );
-			haveConnectedOpacity = true;
-			// see below – QuickLook applies alpha hashing instead of pure blending when
-			// both opacity and opacityThreshold are connected
-			inputs.push( `${pad}float inputs:opacityThreshold = ${0.0000000001}` );
-			haveConnectedOpacityThreshold = true;
-		}
-		else if ( material.transparent ) {
-
-			inputs.push( `${pad}float inputs:opacity.connect = ${materialRoot}/${materialName}/${texName(material.map)}_diffuse.outputs:a>` );
-			haveConnectedOpacity = true;
-
-		} else if ( material.alphaTest > 0.0 ) {
-
-			inputs.push( `${pad}float inputs:opacity.connect = ${materialRoot}/${materialName}/${texName(material.map)}_diffuse.outputs:a>` );
-			haveConnectedOpacity = true;
-			inputs.push( `${pad}float inputs:opacityThreshold = ${material.alphaTest}` );
-			haveConnectedOpacityThreshold = true;
-
-		}
-
-		samplers.push( buildTexture( material.map, 'diffuse', quickLookCompatible, textures, material, usedUVChannels, material.color, effectiveOpacity ) );
-
-	} else {
-
-		inputs.push( `${pad}color3f inputs:diffuseColor = ${buildColor( material.color )}` );
-
-	}
-
-	if ( material.alphaHash && quickLookCompatible) {
-
-		// Seems we can do this to basically enforce alpha hashing / dithered transparency in QuickLook – 
-		// works completely different in usdview though...
-		if (haveConnectedOpacityThreshold) {
-			console.warn('Opacity threshold for ' + material.name + ' was already connected. Skipping alphaHash opacity threshold.');
-		}
-		else {
-			inputs.push( `${pad}float inputs:opacityThreshold = 0.0000000001` );
-			haveConnectedOpacityThreshold = true;
-		}
-	}
-
-	if ( material.aoMap ) {
-
-		inputs.push( `${pad}float inputs:occlusion.connect = ${materialRoot}/${materialName}/${texName(material.aoMap)}_occlusion.outputs:r>` );
-
-		samplers.push( buildTexture( material.aoMap, 'occlusion', quickLookCompatible, textures, material, usedUVChannels ) );
-
-	}
-
-	if ( material.alphaMap ) {
-
-		inputs.push( `${pad}float inputs:opacity.connect = ${materialRoot}/${materialName}/${texName(material.alphaMap)}_opacity.outputs:r>` );
-		// TODO this is likely not correct and will prevent blending from working correctly – masking will be used instead
-		inputs.push( `${pad}float inputs:opacityThreshold = 0.0000000001` );
-		haveConnectedOpacity = true;
-		haveConnectedOpacityThreshold = true;
-
-		samplers.push( buildTexture( material.alphaMap, 'opacity', quickLookCompatible, textures, material, usedUVChannels, new Color( 1, 1, 1 ), effectiveOpacity ) );
-
-	} else { // opacity will always be connected if we have a map
-
-		if (haveConnectedOpacity) {
-			console.warn('Opacity for ' + material.name + ' was already connected. Skipping default opacity.');
-		} else {
-			inputs.push( `${pad}float inputs:opacity = ${effectiveOpacity}` );
-			haveConnectedOpacity = true;
-		}
-
-		if ( material.alphaTest > 0.0 ) {
-
-			if (haveConnectedOpacityThreshold) {
-				console.warn('Opacity threshold for ' + material.name + ' was already connected. Skipping default opacity threshold.');
-			}
-			else {
-				inputs.push( `${pad}float inputs:opacityThreshold = ${material.alphaTest}` );
-				haveConnectedOpacityThreshold = true;
-			}
-		}
-		
-	}
-
-	if ( material instanceof MeshStandardMaterial ) { 
-
-		if ( material.emissiveMap ) {
-
-			inputs.push( `${pad}color3f inputs:emissiveColor.connect = ${materialRoot}/${materialName}/${texName(material.emissiveMap)}_emissive.outputs:rgb>` );
-			const color = material.emissive.clone();
-			color.multiplyScalar( material.emissiveIntensity );
-			samplers.push( buildTexture( material.emissiveMap, 'emissive', quickLookCompatible, textures, material, usedUVChannels, color ) );
-
-		} else if ( material.emissive?.getHex() > 0 ) {
-
-			const color = material.emissive.clone();
-			color.multiplyScalar( material.emissiveIntensity );
-			inputs.push( `${pad}color3f inputs:emissiveColor = ${buildColor( color )}` );
-
-		} else {
-			
-			// We don't need to export (0,0,0) as emissive color
-			// inputs.push( `${pad}color3f inputs:emissiveColor = (0, 0, 0)` );
-
-		}
-
-		if ( material.normalMap ) {
-
-			inputs.push( `${pad}normal3f inputs:normal.connect = ${materialRoot}/${materialName}/${texName(material.normalMap)}_normal.outputs:rgb>` );
-
-			samplers.push( buildTexture( material.normalMap, 'normal', quickLookCompatible, textures, material, usedUVChannels ) );
-
-		}
-
-		if ( material.roughnessMap && material.roughness === 1 ) {
-
-			inputs.push( `${pad}float inputs:roughness.connect = ${materialRoot}/${materialName}/${texName(material.roughnessMap)}_roughness.outputs:g>` );
-
-			samplers.push( buildTexture( material.roughnessMap, 'roughness', quickLookCompatible, textures, material, usedUVChannels ) );
-
-		} else {
-
-			inputs.push( `${pad}float inputs:roughness = ${material.roughness !== undefined ? material.roughness : 1 }` );
-
-		}
-
-		if ( material.metalnessMap && material.metalness === 1 ) {
-
-			inputs.push( `${pad}float inputs:metallic.connect = ${materialRoot}/${materialName}/${texName(material.metalnessMap)}_metallic.outputs:b>` );
-
-			samplers.push( buildTexture( material.metalnessMap, 'metallic', quickLookCompatible, textures, material, usedUVChannels ) );
-
-		} else {
-
-			inputs.push( `${pad}float inputs:metallic = ${material.metalness !== undefined ? material.metalness : 0 }` );
-
-		}
-
-	}
-
-	if ( material instanceof MeshPhysicalMaterial ) {
-
-		inputs.push( `${pad}float inputs:clearcoat = ${material.clearcoat}` );
-		inputs.push( `${pad}float inputs:clearcoatRoughness = ${material.clearcoatRoughness}` );
-		inputs.push( `${pad}float inputs:ior = ${material.ior}` );
-
-		if ( !material.transparent && ! (material.alphaTest > 0.0) && material.transmissionMap) {
-
-			inputs.push( `${pad}float inputs:opacity.connect = ${materialRoot}/${materialName}/${texName(material.transmissionMap)}_transmission.outputs:r>` );
-	
-			samplers.push( buildTexture( material.transmissionMap, 'transmission', quickLookCompatible, textures, material, usedUVChannels ) );
-		}
-
-	}
-
-	// check if usedUVChannels contains any data besides exactly 0 or 1
-	if (usedUVChannels.size > 2) {
-		console.warn('USDZExporter: Material ' + material.name + ' uses more than 2 UV channels. Currently, only UV0 and UV1 are supported.');
-	}
-	else if (usedUVChannels.size === 2) {
-		// check if it's exactly 0 and 1
-		if (!usedUVChannels.has(0) || !usedUVChannels.has(1)) {
-			console.warn('USDZExporter: Material ' + material.name + ' uses UV channels other than 0 and 1. Currently, only UV0 and UV1 are supported.');
-		}
-	}
-
-	return `
-
-		def Material "${materialName}" ${material.name ?`(
-			displayName = "${makeDisplayNameSafe(material.name)}"
-		)` : ''}
-		{
-			token outputs:surface.connect = ${materialRoot}/${materialName}/PreviewSurface.outputs:surface>
-
-			def Shader "PreviewSurface"
-			{
-				uniform token info:id = "UsdPreviewSurface"
-${inputs.join( '\n' )}
-				int inputs:useSpecularWorkflow = ${material instanceof MeshBasicMaterial ? '1' : '0'}
-				token outputs:surface
-			}
-${samplers.length > 0 ? `
-${usedUVChannels.has(0) ? `
-			def Shader "uvReader_st"
-			{
-				uniform token info:id = "UsdPrimvarReader_float2"
-				token inputs:varname = "st"
-				float2 inputs:fallback = (0.0, 0.0)
-				float2 outputs:result
-			}
-` : ''}
-${usedUVChannels.has(1) ? `
-			def Shader "uvReader_st1"
-			{
-				uniform token info:id = "UsdPrimvarReader_float2"
-				token inputs:varname = "st1"
-				float2 inputs:fallback = (0.0, 0.0)
-				float2 outputs:result
-			}
-` : ''}
-${samplers.join( '\n' )}` : ''}
-		}`;
-}
-
-function buildColor( color ) {
-
-	return `(${color.r}, ${color.g}, ${color.b})`;
-
-}
-
-function buildVector2( vector ) {
-
-	return `(${ vector.x }, ${ vector.y })`;
-
-}
-
-const formatsWithAlphaChannel = [
-	// uncompressed formats with alpha channel
-	1023, // RGBAFormat
-	// compressed formats with alpha channel
-	33777, // RGBA_S3TC_DXT1_Format
-	33778, // RGBA_S3TC_DXT3_Format
-	33779, // RGBA_S3TC_DXT5_Format
-	35842, // RGBA_PVRTC_4BPPV1_Format
-	35843, // RGBA_PVRTC_2BPPV1_Format
-	37496, // RGBA_ETC2_EAC_Format
-	37808, // RGBA_ASTC_4x4_Format
-	37809, // RGBA_ASTC_5x4_Format
-	37810, // RGBA_ASTC_5x5_Format
-	37811, // RGBA_ASTC_6x5_Format
-	37812, // RGBA_ASTC_6x6_Format
-	37813, // RGBA_ASTC_8x5_Format
-	37814, // RGBA_ASTC_8x6_Format
-	37815, // RGBA_ASTC_8x8_Format
-	37816, // RGBA_ASTC_10x5_Format
-	37817, // RGBA_ASTC_10x6_Format
-	37818, // RGBA_ASTC_10x8_Format
-	37819, // RGBA_ASTC_10x10_Format
-	37820, // RGBA_ASTC_12x10_Format
-	37821, // RGBA_ASTC_12x12_Format
-	36492, // RGBA_BPTC_Format
-];
-
-export { 
-	buildMatrix,
-	decompressGpuTexture,
-	findStructuralNodesInBoneHierarchy,
-	formatsWithAlphaChannel,
-	getBoneName,
-	getMaterialName as getMaterialNameForUSD,
-	getPathToSkeleton,
-	imageToCanvas, 
-	imageToCanvasUnpremultiplied,
-	makeNameSafe as makeNameSafeForUSD,
-	USDDocument, 
-	fn as usdNumberFormatting, 
-	USDObject, 
-	USDWriter, 
-	USDZExporter, 
-	USDZExporterContext, 
+import '../../../engine/engine_shims.js';
+
+import {
+	AnimationClip,
+	Bone,
+	BufferAttribute,
+	BufferGeometry,
+	Color,
+	DoubleSide,
+	InterleavedBufferAttribute,
+	LinearFilter,
+	Material,
+	MathUtils,
+	Matrix4,
+	Mesh,
+	MeshBasicMaterial,
+	MeshPhysicalMaterial,
+	MeshStandardMaterial,
+	Object3D,
+	OrthographicCamera,
+	PerspectiveCamera,
+	PlaneGeometry,
+	Quaternion,
+	RGBAFormat,
+	Scene,
+	ShaderMaterial,
+	SkinnedMesh,
+	SRGBColorSpace,
+	Texture,
+	Uniform,
+	UnsignedByteType,
+	Vector3,
+	Vector4,
+	WebGLRenderer,
+	WebGLRenderTarget
+} from 'three';
+import * as fflate from 'three/examples/jsm/libs/fflate.module.js';
+
+import { VERSION } from "../../../engine/engine_constants.js";
+import type { OffscreenCanvasExt } from '../../../engine/engine_shims.js';
+import { Progress } from '../../../engine/engine_time_utils.js';
+import { BehaviorExtension } from '../../api.js';
+import type { IUSDExporterExtension } from './Extension.js';
+import type { AnimationExtension } from './extensions/Animation.js';
+import type { PhysicsExtension } from './extensions/behavior/PhysicsExtension.js';
+import {buildNodeMaterial} from './extensions/NodeMaterialConverter.js';
+
+type MeshPhysicalNodeMaterial = import("three/src/materials/nodes/MeshPhysicalNodeMaterial.js").default;
+
+function makeNameSafe( str ) {
+	// Remove characters that are not allowed in USD ASCII identifiers
+	str = str.replace( /[^a-zA-Z0-9_]/g, '' );
+
+	// If name doesn't start with a-zA-Z_, add _ to the beginning – required by USD
+	if ( !str.match( /^[a-zA-Z_]/ ) )
+		str = '_' + str;
+
+	return str;
+}
+
+function makeDisplayNameSafe(str) {
+	str = str.replace("\"", "\\\"");
+	return str;
+}
+
+// TODO check if this works when bones in the skeleton are completely unordered
+function findCommonAncestor(objects: Object3D[]): Object3D | null {
+	if (objects.length === 0) return null;
+
+	const ancestors = objects.map((obj) => {
+		const objAncestors = new Array<Object3D>();
+		while (obj.parent) {
+			objAncestors.unshift(obj.parent);
+			obj = obj.parent;
+		}
+		return objAncestors;
+	});
+
+	//@ts-ignore – findLast seems to be missing in TypeScript types pre-5.x
+	const commonAncestor = ancestors[0].findLast((ancestor) => {
+		return ancestors.every((a) => a.includes(ancestor));
+	});
+
+	return commonAncestor || null;
+}
+
+function findStructuralNodesInBoneHierarchy(bones: Array<Object3D>) {
+
+	const commonAncestor = findCommonAncestor(bones);
+	// find all structural nodes – parents of bones that are not bones themselves
+	const structuralNodes = new Set<Object3D>();
+	for ( const bone of bones ) {
+		let current = bone.parent;
+		while ( current && current !== commonAncestor ) {
+			if ( !bones.includes(current) ) {
+				structuralNodes.add(current);
+			}
+			current = current.parent;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return structuralNodes;
+}
+
+declare type USDObjectTransform = {
+	position: Vector3 | null;
+	quaternion: Quaternion | null;
+	scale: Vector3 | null;
+}
+
+const PositionIdentity = new Vector3();
+const QuaternionIdentity = new Quaternion();
+const ScaleIdentity = new Vector3(1,1,1);
+
+class USDObject {
+
+	static USDObject_export_id = 0;
+	
+	uuid: string;
+	name: string;
+	/** If no type is provided, type is chosen automatically (Xform or Mesh) */
+	type?: string;
+	/** MaterialBindingAPI and SkelBindingAPI are handled automatically, extra schemas can be added here */
+	extraSchemas: string[] = [];
+	displayName?: string;
+	visibility?: "inherited" | "invisible"; // defaults to "inherited" in USD
+	getMatrix(): Matrix4 {
+		if (!this.transform) return new Matrix4();
+		const { position, quaternion, scale } = this.transform;
+		const matrix = new Matrix4();
+		matrix.compose(position || PositionIdentity, quaternion || QuaternionIdentity, scale || ScaleIdentity);
+		return matrix;
+	}
+	setMatrix( value ) {
+		if (!value || !(value instanceof Matrix4)) {
+			this.transform = null;
+			return;
+		}
+		const position = new Vector3();
+		const quaternion = new Quaternion();
+		const scale = new Vector3();
+		value.decompose(position, quaternion, scale);
+		this.transform = { position, quaternion, scale };
+	}
+	/** @deprecated Use `transform`, or `getMatrix()` if you really need the matrix */
+	get matrix() { return this.getMatrix(); }
+	/** @deprecated Use `transform`, or `setMatrix()` if you really need the matrix */
+	set matrix( value ) { this.setMatrix( value ); }
+
+	transform: USDObjectTransform | null = null;
+	private _isDynamic: boolean;
+	get isDynamic() { return this._isDynamic; }
+	private set isDynamic( value ) { this._isDynamic = value; }
+	geometry: BufferGeometry | null;
+	material: MeshStandardMaterial | MeshBasicMaterial | Material | MeshPhysicalNodeMaterial | null;
+	camera: PerspectiveCamera | OrthographicCamera | null;
+	parent: USDObject | null;
+	skinnedMesh: SkinnedMesh | null;
+	children: Array<USDObject | null> = [];
+	animations: AnimationClip[] | null;
+	_eventListeners: {};
+
+	// these are for tracking which xformops are needed
+	needsTranslate: boolean = false;
+	needsOrient: boolean = false;
+	needsScale: boolean = false;
+
+	static createEmptyParent( object: USDObject ) {
+
+		const emptyParent = new USDObject( MathUtils.generateUUID(), object.name + '_empty_' + ( USDObject.USDObject_export_id ++ ), object.transform );
+		const parent = object.parent;
+		if (parent) parent.add( emptyParent );
+		emptyParent.add( object );
+		emptyParent.isDynamic = true;
+		object.transform = null;
+		return emptyParent;
+
+	}
+
+	static createEmpty() {
+		
+		const empty = new USDObject( MathUtils.generateUUID(), 'Empty_' + ( USDObject.USDObject_export_id ++ ) );
+		empty.isDynamic = true;
+		return empty;
+	}
+
+	constructor( id, name, transform: USDObjectTransform | null = null, mesh: BufferGeometry | null = null, material: MeshStandardMaterial | MeshBasicMaterial | MeshPhysicalNodeMaterial | Material | null = null, camera: PerspectiveCamera | OrthographicCamera | null = null, skinnedMesh: SkinnedMesh | null = null, animations: AnimationClip[] | null = null ) {
+
+		this.uuid = id;
+		this.name = makeNameSafe( name );
+		this.displayName = name;
+
+		if (!transform) this.transform = null;
+		else this.transform = { 
+			position: transform.position?.clone() || null, 
+			quaternion: transform.quaternion?.clone() || null, 
+			scale: transform.scale?.clone() || null
+		};
+		this.geometry = mesh;
+		this.material = material;
+		this.camera = camera;
+		this.parent = null;
+		this.children = [];
+		this._eventListeners = {};
+		this._isDynamic = false;
+		this.skinnedMesh = skinnedMesh;
+		this.animations = animations;
+
+	}
+
+	is( obj ) {
+
+		if ( ! obj ) return false;
+		return this.uuid === obj.uuid;
+
+	}
+
+	isEmpty() {
+
+		return ! this.geometry;
+
+	}
+
+	clone() {
+
+		const clone = new USDObject( MathUtils.generateUUID(), this.name, this.transform, this.geometry, this.material );
+		clone.isDynamic = this.isDynamic;
+		return clone;
+
+	}
+
+	deepClone() {
+
+		const clone = this.clone();
+		for ( const child of this.children ) {
+
+			if ( !child ) continue;
+			clone.add( child.deepClone() );
+
+		}
+
+		return clone;
+
+	}
+
+	getPath() {
+
+		let current = this.parent;
+		let path = this.name;
+		while ( current ) {
+
+			// StageRoot has a special path right now since there's additional Xforms for encapsulation.
+			// Better would be to actually model them as part of our object graph, but they're written separately,
+			// so currently we don't and instead work around that here.
+			const currentName = current.parent ? current.name : (current.name + "/Scenes/Scene");
+			path = currentName + '/' + path;
+			current = current.parent;
+
+		}
+
+		return '</' + path + '>';
+
+	}
+
+	add( child ) {
+
+		if ( child.parent ) {
+
+			child.parent.remove( child );
+
+		}
+
+		child.parent = this;
+		this.children.push( child );
+
+	}
+
+	remove( child ) {
+
+		const index = this.children.indexOf( child );
+		if ( index >= 0 ) {
+
+			if ( child.parent === this ) child.parent = null;
+			this.children.splice( index, 1 );
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	addEventListener( evt, listener: ( writer: USDWriter, context: USDZExporterContext ) => void ) {
+
+		if ( ! this._eventListeners[ evt ] ) this._eventListeners[ evt ] = [];
+		this._eventListeners[ evt ].push( listener );
+
+	}
+
+	removeEventListener( evt, listener: ( writer: USDWriter, context: USDZExporterContext ) => void ) {
+
+		if ( ! this._eventListeners[ evt ] ) return;
+		const index = this._eventListeners[ evt ].indexOf( listener );
+		if ( index >= 0 ) {
+
+			this._eventListeners[ evt ].splice( index, 1 );
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	onSerialize( writer, context ) {
+
+		const listeners = this._eventListeners[ 'serialize' ];
+		if ( listeners ) listeners.forEach( listener => listener( writer, context ) );
+
+	}
+
+}
+
+
+class USDDocument extends USDObject {
+
+	stageLength: number;
+
+	get isDocumentRoot() {
+
+		return true;
+
+	}
+	get isDynamic() {
+
+		return false;
+
+	}
+
+	constructor() {
+
+		super(undefined, 'StageRoot', null, null, null, null);
+		this.children = [];
+		this.stageLength = 200;
+
+	}
+
+	add( child: USDObject ) {
+
+		child.parent = this;
+		this.children.push( child );
+
+	}
+
+	remove( child: USDObject ) {
+
+		const index = this.children.indexOf( child );
+		if ( index >= 0 ) {
+
+			if ( child.parent === this ) child.parent = null;
+			this.children.splice( index, 1 );
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	traverse( callback: ( object: USDObject ) => void, current: USDObject | null = null ) {
+
+		if ( current !== null ) callback( current );
+		else current = this;
+		if ( current.children ) {
+
+			for ( const child of current.children ) {
+
+				this.traverse( callback, child );
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	findById( uuid: string ) {
+
+		let found = false;
+		function search( current: USDObject ): USDObject | undefined {
+
+			if ( found ) return undefined;
+			if ( current.uuid === uuid ) {
+
+				found = true;
+				return current;
+
+			}
+
+			if ( current.children ) {
+
+				for ( const child of current.children ) {
+
+					if (!child) continue;
+					const res = search( child );
+					if ( res ) return res;
+
+				}
+
+			}
+			return undefined;
+		}
+
+		return search( this );
+
+	}
+
+	buildHeader( _context: USDZExporterContext ) {
+		const animationExtension = _context.extensions?.find( ext => ext?.extensionName === 'animation' ) as AnimationExtension | undefined;
+		const behaviorExtension = _context.extensions?.find( ext => ext?.extensionName === 'Behaviour' ) as BehaviorExtension | undefined;
+		const physicsExtension = _context.extensions?.find( ext => ext?.extensionName === 'Physics' ) as PhysicsExtension | undefined;
+		const startTimeCode = animationExtension?.getStartTimeCode() ?? 0;
+		const endTimeCode = animationExtension?.getEndTimeCode() ?? 0;
+
+		let comment = "";
+		const registeredClips = animationExtension?.registeredClips;
+		if (registeredClips) {
+			for ( const clip of registeredClips ) {
+				comment += `\t# Animation: ${clip.name}, start=${animationExtension.getStartTimeByClip(clip) * 60}, length=${clip.duration * 60}\n`;
+			}
+		}
+		const comments = comment;
+		
+		return `#usda 1.0
+(
+	customLayerData = {
+		string creator = "Needle Engine ${VERSION}"
+		dictionary Needle = {
+			bool animations = ${animationExtension ? 1 : 0}
+			bool interactive = ${behaviorExtension ? 1 : 0}
+			bool physics = ${physicsExtension ? 1 : 0}
+			bool quickLookCompatible = ${_context.quickLookCompatible ? 1 : 0}
+		}
+	}
+	defaultPrim = "${makeNameSafe( this.name )}"
+	metersPerUnit = 1
+	upAxis = "Y"
+	startTimeCode = ${startTimeCode}
+	endTimeCode = ${endTimeCode}
+	timeCodesPerSecond = 60
+	framesPerSecond = 60
+	doc = """Generated by Needle Engine USDZ Exporter ${VERSION}"""
+${comments}
+)
+`;
+
+	}
+
+}
+
+const newLine = '\n';
+const materialRoot = '</StageRoot/Materials';
+
+class USDWriter {
+	str: string;
+	indent: number;
+
+	constructor() {
+
+		this.str = '';
+		this.indent = 0;
+
+	}
+
+	clear() {
+
+		this.str = '';
+		this.indent = 0;
+
+	}
+
+	beginBlock( str: string | undefined = undefined, char = '{', createNewLine = true ) {
+
+		if ( str !== undefined ) {
+			str = this.applyIndent( str );
+			this.str += str;
+			if ( createNewLine ) {
+				this.str += newLine;
+				this.str += this.applyIndent( char );
+			}
+			else {
+				this.str += " " + char;
+			}
+		}
+		else {
+			this.str += this.applyIndent( char );
+		}
+		
+		this.str += newLine;
+		this.indent += 1;
+
+	}
+
+	closeBlock( char = '}' ) {
+
+		this.indent -= 1;
+		this.str += this.applyIndent( char ) + newLine;
+
+	}
+
+	beginArray( str ) {
+
+		str = this.applyIndent( str + ' = [' );
+		this.str += str;
+		this.str += newLine;
+		this.indent += 1;
+
+	}
+
+	closeArray() {
+
+		this.indent -= 1;
+		this.str += this.applyIndent( ']' ) + newLine;
+
+	}
+
+	appendLine( str = '' ) {
+
+		str = this.applyIndent( str );
+		this.str += str;
+		this.str += newLine;
+
+	}
+
+	toString() {
+
+		return this.str;
+
+	}
+
+	applyIndent( str ) {
+
+		let indents = '';
+		for ( let i = 0; i < this.indent; i ++ ) indents += '\t';
+		return indents + str;
+
+	}
+
+}
+
+declare type TextureMap = {[name: string]: {texture: Texture, scale?: Vector4}};
+
+class USDZExporterContext {
+	root?: Object3D;
+	exporter: USDZExporter;
+	extensions: Array<IUSDExporterExtension> = [];
+	quickLookCompatible: boolean;
+	exportInvisible: boolean;
+	materials: Map<string, Material>;
+	textures: TextureMap;
+	files: { [path: string]: Uint8Array | [Uint8Array, fflate.ZipOptions] | null | any }
+	document: USDDocument;
+	output: string;
+	animations: AnimationClip[];
+
+	constructor( root: Object3D | undefined, exporter: USDZExporter, options: { 
+		extensions?: Array<IUSDExporterExtension>, 
+		quickLookCompatible: boolean,
+		exportInvisible: boolean,
+	} ) {
+
+		this.root = root;
+		this.exporter = exporter;
+		this.quickLookCompatible = options.quickLookCompatible;
+		this.exportInvisible = options.exportInvisible;
+
+		if ( options.extensions )
+			this.extensions = options.extensions;
+
+		this.materials = new Map();
+		this.textures = {};
+		this.files = {};
+		this.document = new USDDocument();
+		this.output = '';
+		this.animations = [];
+
+	}
+
+}
+
+/**[documentation](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/arkit/usdz_schemas_for_ar/preliminary_anchoringapi/preliminary_anchoring_type) */
+export type Anchoring = "plane" | "image" | "face" | "none"
+/**[documentation](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/arkit/usdz_schemas_for_ar/preliminary_anchoringapi/preliminary_planeanchoring_alignment) */
+export type Alignment = "horizontal" | "vertical" | "any";
+
+class USDZExporterOptions {
+	ar: {
+		anchoring: { type: Anchoring },
+		planeAnchoring: { alignment: Alignment },
+	} = { 
+		anchoring: { type: 'plane' },
+		planeAnchoring: { alignment: 'horizontal' }
+	};
+	quickLookCompatible: boolean = false;
+	extensions: any[] = [];
+	maxTextureSize: number = 4096;
+	exportInvisible: boolean = false;
+}
+
+class USDZExporter {
+	debug: boolean;
+	pruneUnusedNodes: boolean;
+	sceneAnchoringOptions: USDZExporterOptions = new USDZExporterOptions();
+	extensions: Array<IUSDExporterExtension> = [];
+	keepObject?: (object: Object3D) => boolean;
+	beforeWritingDocument?: () => void;
+
+	constructor() {
+
+		this.debug = false;
+		this.pruneUnusedNodes = true;
+
+	}
+
+	async parse(scene: Object3D | undefined, options: USDZExporterOptions = new USDZExporterOptions()) {
+
+		options = Object.assign( new USDZExporterOptions(), options );
+
+		this.sceneAnchoringOptions = options;
+		const context = new USDZExporterContext( scene, this, options );
+		this.extensions = context.extensions;
+
+		const files = context.files;
+		const modelFileName = 'model.usda';
+
+		// model file should be first in USDZ archive so we init it here
+		files[ modelFileName ] = null;
+
+		const materials = context.materials;
+		const textures = context.textures;
+
+		Progress.report('export-usdz', "Invoking onBeforeBuildDocument");
+		await invokeAll( context, 'onBeforeBuildDocument' );
+		Progress.report('export-usdz', "Done onBeforeBuildDocument");
+
+		Progress.report('export-usdz', "Reparent bones to common ancestor");
+
+		// Find all skeletons and reparent them to their skelroot / armature / uppermost bone parent.
+		// This may not be correct in all cases.
+		const reparentings: Array<{ object: Object3D, originalParent: Object3D | null, newParent: Object3D }> = [];
+		const allReparentingObjects = new Set<string>();
+		scene?.traverse(object => {
+			if (!options.exportInvisible && !object.visible) return;
+
+			if (object instanceof SkinnedMesh) {
+				const bones = object.skeleton.bones as Bone[];
+
+				const commonAncestor = findCommonAncestor(bones);
+				if (commonAncestor) {
+					const newReparenting = { object, originalParent: object.parent, newParent: commonAncestor };
+					reparentings.push( newReparenting );
+
+					// keep track of which nodes are important for skeletal export consistency
+					allReparentingObjects.add(newReparenting.object.uuid);
+					if (newReparenting.newParent) allReparentingObjects.add(newReparenting.newParent.uuid);
+					if (newReparenting.originalParent) allReparentingObjects.add(newReparenting.originalParent.uuid);
+				}
+			}
+		});
+
+		for ( const reparenting of reparentings ) {
+			const { object, originalParent, newParent } = reparenting;
+			newParent.add( object );
+		}
+
+		Progress.report('export-usdz', "Traversing hierarchy");
+		if (scene) traverse( scene, context.document, context, this.keepObject);
+		
+		// Root object should have identity matrix
+		// so that root transformations don't end up in the resulting file.
+		// if (context.document.children?.length > 0)
+		// 	context.document.children[0]?.matrix.identity(); //.multiply(new Matrix4().makeRotationY(Math.PI));
+
+		Progress.report('export-usdz', "Invoking onAfterBuildDocument");
+		await invokeAll( context, 'onAfterBuildDocument' );
+
+		// At this point, we know all animated objects, all skinned mesh objects, and all objects targeted by behaviors.
+		// We can prune all empty nodes (no geometry or material) depth-first.
+		// This avoids unnecessary export of e.g. animated bones as nodes when they have no children
+		// (for example, a sword attached to a hand still needs that entire hierarchy exported)
+		const behaviorExt = context.extensions.find( ext => ext.extensionName === 'Behaviour' ) as BehaviorExtension | undefined;
+		const allBehaviorTargets = behaviorExt?.getAllTargetUuids() ?? new Set<string>();
+
+		// Prune pass. Depth-first removal of nodes that don't affect the outcome of the scene.
+		if (this.pruneUnusedNodes) {
+			const options = {
+				allBehaviorTargets,
+				debug: false,
+				boneReparentings: allReparentingObjects,
+				quickLookCompatible: context.quickLookCompatible,
+			};
+			if (this.debug) logUsdHierarchy(context.document, "Hierarchy BEFORE pruning", options);
+			prune( context.document, options );
+			if (this.debug) logUsdHierarchy(context.document, "Hierarchy AFTER pruning");
+		}
+		else if (this.debug) {
+			console.log("Pruning of empty nodes is disabled. This may result in a larger USDZ file.");
+		}
+
+		Progress.report('export-usdz', { message: "Parsing document", autoStep: 10 });
+		await parseDocument( context, () => {
+			// injected after stageRoot.
+			// TODO property use context/writer instead of string concat
+			Progress.report('export-usdz', "Building materials");
+			const result = buildMaterials( materials, textures, options.quickLookCompatible );
+			return result;
+		} );
+
+		Progress.report("export-usdz", "Invoking onAfterSerialize");
+		await invokeAll( context, 'onAfterSerialize' );
+
+		// repair the parenting again
+		for ( const reparenting of reparentings ) {
+			const { object, originalParent, newParent } = reparenting;
+			if (originalParent)
+				originalParent.add( object );
+		}
+
+		// Moved into parseDocument callback for proper defaultPrim encapsulation
+		// context.output += buildMaterials( materials, textures, options.quickLookCompatible );
+		
+		// callback for validating after all export has been done
+		context.exporter?.beforeWritingDocument?.();
+
+		const header = context.document.buildHeader( context );
+		const final = header + '\n' + context.output;
+
+		// full output file
+		if ( this.debug ) console.log( final );
+
+		files[ modelFileName ] = fflate.strToU8( final );
+		context.output = '';
+
+		Progress.report("export-usdz", { message: "Exporting textures", autoStep: 10 });
+		Progress.start("export-usdz-textures", { parentScope: "export-usdz", logTimings: false });
+		const decompressionRenderer = new WebGLRenderer( { 
+			antialias: false, 
+			alpha: true, 
+			premultipliedAlpha: false, 
+			preserveDrawingBuffer: true 
+		} );
+
+		const textureCount = Object.keys(textures).length;
+		Progress.report("export-usdz-textures", { totalSteps: textureCount * 3, currentStep: 0 });
+		const convertTexture = async (id: string) => {
+
+			const textureData = textures[ id ];
+			const texture = textureData.texture;
+
+			const isRGBA = formatsWithAlphaChannel.includes( texture.format );
+			
+			// Change: we need to always read back the texture now, otherwise the unpremultiplied workflow doesn't work.
+			let img: ImageReadbackResult = {
+				imageData: texture.image
+			};
+			
+			Progress.report("export-usdz-textures", { message: "read back texture", autoStep: true });
+			const anyColorScale = textureData.scale !== undefined && textureData.scale.x !== 1 && textureData.scale.y !== 1 && textureData.scale.z !== 1 && textureData.scale.w !== 1;
+			// @ts-ignore
+			if ( texture.isCompressedTexture || texture.isRenderTargetTexture || anyColorScale ) {
+				img = await decompressGpuTexture( texture, options.maxTextureSize, decompressionRenderer, textureData.scale );
+			}
+			
+			Progress.report("export-usdz-textures", { message: "convert texture to canvas", autoStep: true });
+			const canvas = await imageToCanvasUnpremultiplied( img.imageBitmap || img.imageData, options.maxTextureSize ).catch( err => {
+				console.error("Error converting texture to canvas", texture, err);
+			});
+
+			if ( canvas ) {
+
+				Progress.report("export-usdz-textures", { message: "convert canvas to blob", autoStep: true });
+				const blob = await canvas.convertToBlob( {type: isRGBA ? 'image/png' : 'image/jpeg', quality: 0.95 } );
+				files[ `textures/${id}.${isRGBA ? 'png' : 'jpg'}` ] = new Uint8Array( await blob.arrayBuffer() );
+
+			} else {
+
+				console.warn( 'Can`t export texture: ', texture );
+
+			}
+		};
+
+		for ( const id in textures ) {
+
+			await convertTexture( id );
+		}
+
+		decompressionRenderer.dispose();
+
+		// 64 byte alignment
+		// https://github.com/101arrowz/fflate/issues/39#issuecomment-777263109
+
+		Progress.end("export-usdz-textures");
+
+		let offset = 0;
+
+		for ( const filename in files ) {
+
+			const file = files[ filename ];
+			const headerSize = 34 + filename.length;
+
+			offset += headerSize;
+
+			const offsetMod64 = offset & 63;
+
+			if ( offsetMod64 !== 4 ) {
+
+				const padLength = 64 - offsetMod64;
+				const padding = new Uint8Array( padLength );
+
+				files[ filename ] = [ file, { extra: { 12345: padding } } ];
+
+			}
+
+			offset = file.length;
+
+		}
+
+		Progress.report("export-usdz", "zip archive");
+		return fflate.zipSync( files, { level: 0 } );
+
+	}
+
+}
+
+function traverse( object: Object3D, parentModel: USDObject, context: USDZExporterContext, keepObject?: (object: Object3D) => boolean ) {
+
+	if (!context.exportInvisible && !object.visible) return;
+
+	let model: USDObject | undefined = undefined;
+	let geometry: BufferGeometry | undefined = undefined;
+	let material: Material | Material[] | undefined = undefined;
+
+	const transform: USDObjectTransform = { position: object.position, quaternion: object.quaternion, scale: object.scale };
+	if (object.position.x === 0 && object.position.y === 0 && object.position.z === 0)
+		transform.position = null;
+	if (object.quaternion.x === 0 && object.quaternion.y === 0 && object.quaternion.z === 0 && object.quaternion.w === 1)
+		transform.quaternion = null;
+	if (object.scale.x === 1 && object.scale.y === 1 && object.scale.z === 1)
+		transform.scale = null;
+	
+	if (object instanceof Mesh || object instanceof SkinnedMesh) {
+		geometry = object.geometry;
+		material = object.material;
+	}
+
+	// API for an explicit choice to discard this object – for example, a geometry that should not be exported,
+	// but childs should still be exported.
+	if (keepObject && !keepObject(object)) {
+		geometry = undefined;
+		material = undefined;
+	}
+
+	if ( (object instanceof Mesh || object instanceof SkinnedMesh) && 
+		material && typeof material === 'object' &&
+			(material instanceof MeshStandardMaterial || 
+			material instanceof MeshBasicMaterial || 
+			// material instanceof MeshPhysicalNodeMaterial ||
+			(material as any).isMeshPhysicalNodeMaterial  ||
+			(material instanceof Material && material.type === "MeshLineMaterial"))) {
+
+		const name = getObjectId( object );
+		const skinnedMeshObject = object instanceof SkinnedMesh ? object : null;
+		model = new USDObject( object.uuid, name, transform, geometry, material as any, undefined, skinnedMeshObject, object.animations );
+
+	} else if ( object instanceof PerspectiveCamera || object instanceof OrthographicCamera ) {
+
+		const name = getObjectId( object );
+		model = new USDObject( object.uuid, name, transform, undefined, undefined, object );
+
+	} else {
+
+		const name = getObjectId( object );
+		model = new USDObject( object.uuid, name, transform, undefined, undefined, undefined, undefined, object.animations );
+
+	}
+
+	if ( model ) {
+
+		model.displayName = object.userData?.name || object.name;
+		model.visibility = object.visible ? undefined : "invisible";
+
+		if ( parentModel ) {
+
+			parentModel.add( model );
+
+		}
+
+		parentModel = model;
+
+		if ( context.extensions ) {
+
+			for ( const ext of context.extensions ) {
+
+				if ( ext.onExportObject ) ext.onExportObject.call( ext, object, model, context );
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+	} else {
+
+		const name = getObjectId( object );
+		const empty = new USDObject( object.uuid, name, { position: object.position, quaternion: object.quaternion, scale: object.scale } );
+		if ( parentModel ) {
+
+			parentModel.add( empty );
+
+		}
+
+		parentModel = empty;
+
+	}
+
+	for ( const ch of object.children ) {
+
+		traverse( ch, parentModel, context, keepObject );
+
+	}
+
+}
+
+function logUsdHierarchy( object: USDObject, prefix: string, ...extraLogObjects: any[] ) { 
+
+	const item = {};
+	let itemCount = 0;
+
+	function collectItem( object: USDObject, current) {
+		itemCount++;
+		let name = object.displayName || object.name;
+		name += " (" + object.uuid + ")";
+		const hasAny = object.geometry || object.material || object.camera || object.skinnedMesh;
+		if (hasAny) {
+			name += " (" + (object.geometry ? "geo, " : "") + (object.material ? "mat, " : "") + (object.camera ? "cam, " : "") + (object.skinnedMesh ? "skin, " : "") + ")";
+		}
+		current[name] = {};
+		const props = { object };
+		if (object.material) props['mat'] = true;
+		if (object.geometry) props['geo'] = true;
+		if (object.camera) props['cam'] = true;
+		if (object.skinnedMesh) props['skin'] = true;
+
+		current[name]._self = props;	
+		for ( const child of object.children ) {
+			if (child) {
+				collectItem(child, current[name]);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	collectItem(object, item);
+
+	console.log(prefix + " (" + itemCount + " nodes)", item, ...extraLogObjects);
+}
+
+function prune ( object: USDObject, options : { 
+	allBehaviorTargets: Set<string>, 
+	debug: boolean,
+	boneReparentings: Set<string>,
+	quickLookCompatible: boolean,
+} ) {
+
+	let allChildsWerePruned = true;
+	
+	const prunedChilds = new Array<USDObject>();
+	const keptChilds = new Array<USDObject>();
+
+	if (object.children.length === 0) {
+		allChildsWerePruned = true;
+	}
+	else {
+		const childs = [...object.children];
+		for ( const child of childs ) {
+			if (child) {
+				const childWasPruned = prune(child, options);
+				if (options.debug) {
+					if (childWasPruned) prunedChilds.push(child);
+					else keptChilds.push(child);
+				}
+				allChildsWerePruned = allChildsWerePruned && childWasPruned;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// check if this object is referenced by any behavior
+	const isBehaviorSourceOrTarget = options.allBehaviorTargets.has(object.uuid);
+
+	// check if this object has any material or geometry
+	const isVisible = object.geometry || object.material || (object.camera && !options.quickLookCompatible) || object.skinnedMesh || false;
+
+	// check if this object is part of any reparenting
+	const isBoneReparenting = options.boneReparentings.has(object.uuid);
+
+	const canBePruned = allChildsWerePruned && !isBehaviorSourceOrTarget && !isVisible && !isBoneReparenting;
+
+	if (canBePruned) {
+		if (options.debug) console.log("Pruned object:", (object.displayName || object.name) + " (" + object.uuid + ")", { 
+			isVisible, 
+			isBehaviorSourceOrTarget, 
+			allChildsWerePruned, 
+			isBoneReparenting,
+			object, 
+			prunedChilds,
+			keptChilds
+		});
+		object.parent?.remove(object);
+	}
+	else {
+		if (options.debug) console.log("Kept object:", (object.displayName || object.name) + " (" + object.uuid + ")", { 
+			isVisible, 
+			isBehaviorSourceOrTarget, 
+			allChildsWerePruned, 
+			isBoneReparenting,
+			object, 
+			prunedChilds,
+			keptChilds
+		});
+	}
+
+	// if it has no children and is not a behavior source or target, and is not visible, prune it
+	return canBePruned;
+}
+
+async function parseDocument( context: USDZExporterContext, afterStageRoot: () => string ) {
+
+	Progress.start("export-usdz-resources", "export-usdz");
+	const resources: Array<() => void> = [];
+	for ( const child of context.document.children ) {
+		addResources( child, context, resources );
+	}
+	// addResources now only collects promises for better progress reporting.
+	// We are resolving them here and reporting progress on that:
+	const total = resources.length;
+	for (let i = 0; i < total; i++) {
+		Progress.report("export-usdz-resources", { totalSteps: total, currentStep: i });
+		await new Promise<void>((resolve, _reject) => {
+			resources[i]();
+			resolve();
+		});
+	}
+	Progress.end("export-usdz-resources");
+	
+	const writer = new USDWriter();
+	const arAnchoringOptions = context.exporter.sceneAnchoringOptions.ar;
+
+	writer.beginBlock( `def Xform "${context.document.name}"` );
+
+	writer.beginBlock( `def Scope "Scenes" (
+		kind = "sceneLibrary"
+	)` );
+
+	writer.beginBlock( `def Xform "Scene"`, '(', false);
+	writer.appendLine( `apiSchemas = ["Preliminary_AnchoringAPI"]` );
+	writer.appendLine( `customData = {`);
+	writer.appendLine( `	bool preliminary_collidesWithEnvironment = 0` );
+	writer.appendLine( `	string sceneName = "Scene"`);
+	writer.appendLine( `}` );
+	writer.appendLine( `sceneName = "Scene"` );
+	writer.closeBlock( ')' );
+	writer.beginBlock();
+
+	writer.appendLine( `token preliminary:anchoring:type = "${arAnchoringOptions.anchoring.type}"` );
+	if (arAnchoringOptions.anchoring.type === 'plane')
+		writer.appendLine( `token preliminary:planeAnchoring:alignment = "${arAnchoringOptions.planeAnchoring.alignment}"` );
+	// bit hacky as we don't have a callback here yet. Relies on the fact that the image is named identical in the ImageTracking extension.
+	if (arAnchoringOptions.anchoring.type === 'image')
+		writer.appendLine( `rel preliminary:imageAnchoring:referenceImage = </${context.document.name}/Scenes/Scene/AnchoringReferenceImage>` );
+	writer.appendLine();
+
+	const count = (object: USDObject | null) => {
+		if (!object) return 0;
+		let total = 1;
+		for ( const child of object.children ) total += count( child );
+		return total;
+	}
+	const totalXformCount = count(context.document);
+	Progress.start("export-usdz-xforms", "export-usdz");
+	Progress.report("export-usdz-xforms", { totalSteps: totalXformCount, currentStep: 1 });
+
+	for ( const child of context.document.children ) {
+		buildXform( child, writer, context );
+	}
+	Progress.end("export-usdz-xforms");
+
+	Progress.report("export-usdz", "invoke onAfterHierarchy");
+	invokeAll( context, 'onAfterHierarchy', writer );
+
+	writer.closeBlock();
+	writer.closeBlock();
+	writer.appendLine(afterStageRoot());
+	writer.closeBlock();
+
+	Progress.report("export-usdz", "write to string")
+	context.output += writer.toString();
+
+}
+
+function addResources( object: USDObject | null, context: USDZExporterContext, resources: Array<() => void>) {
+
+	if ( !object ) return;
+
+	const geometry = object.geometry;
+	const material = object.material;
+
+	if ( geometry ) {
+
+		if ( material && ( 
+			'isMeshStandardMaterial' in material && material.isMeshStandardMaterial || 
+			'isMeshBasicMaterial' in material && material.isMeshBasicMaterial ||
+			material.type === "MeshLineMaterial"
+		) )  { // TODO convert unlit to lit+emissive
+
+			const geometryFileName = 'geometries/' + getGeometryName(geometry, object.name) + '.usda';
+
+			if ( ! ( geometryFileName in context.files ) ) {
+
+				const action = () => {
+					const meshObject = buildMeshObject( geometry, object.skinnedMesh?.skeleton?.bones, context.quickLookCompatible );
+					context.files[ geometryFileName ] = buildUSDFileAsString( meshObject, context);
+				};
+
+				resources.push(action);
+
+			}
+
+		} else {
+
+			console.warn( 'NeedleUSDZExporter: Unsupported material type (USDZ only supports MeshStandardMaterial)', material?.name );
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	if ( material ) {
+		
+		if ( ! ( material.uuid in context.materials ) ) {
+
+			context.materials[ material.uuid ] = material;
+
+		}
+	}
+
+	for ( const ch of object.children ) {
+
+		addResources( ch, context, resources );
+
+	}
+
+}
+
+async function invokeAll( context: USDZExporterContext, name: string, writer: USDWriter | null = null ) {
+
+	if ( context.extensions ) {
+
+		for ( const ext of context.extensions ) {
+
+			if ( !ext ) continue;
+
+			if ( typeof ext[ name ] === 'function' ) {
+
+				const method = ext[ name ];
+				const res = method.call( ext, context, writer );
+				if(res instanceof Promise) {
+					await res;
+				}
+			}
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+}
+let _renderer: WebGLRenderer | null = null;
+let renderTarget: WebGLRenderTarget | null = null;
+let fullscreenQuadGeometry: PlaneGeometry | null;
+let fullscreenQuadMaterial: ShaderMaterial | null;
+let fullscreenQuad: Mesh | null;
+
+declare type ImageReadbackResult = {
+	imageData: ImageData;
+	imageBitmap?: ImageBitmap;
+} 
+
+/** Reads back a texture from the GPU (can be compressed, a render texture, or anything), optionally applies RGBA colorScale to it, and returns CPU data for further usage. 
+ * Note that there are WebGL / WebGPU rules preventing some use of data between WebGL contexts.
+*/
+async function decompressGpuTexture( texture, maxTextureSize = Infinity, renderer: WebGLRenderer | null = null, colorScale: Vector4 | undefined = undefined): Promise<ImageReadbackResult> {
+
+	if ( ! fullscreenQuadGeometry ) fullscreenQuadGeometry = new PlaneGeometry( 2, 2, 1, 1 );
+	if ( ! fullscreenQuadMaterial ) fullscreenQuadMaterial = new ShaderMaterial( {
+		uniforms: { 
+			blitTexture: new Uniform( texture ),
+			flipY: new Uniform( false ),
+			scale: new Uniform( new Vector4( 1, 1, 1, 1 ) ),
+		},
+		vertexShader: `
+            varying vec2 vUv;
+			uniform bool flipY;
+            void main(){
+                vUv = uv;
+				if (flipY)
+					vUv.y = 1. - vUv.y;
+                gl_Position = vec4(position.xy * 1.0,0.,.999999);
+            }`,
+		fragmentShader: `
+            uniform sampler2D blitTexture;
+			uniform vec4 scale; 
+            varying vec2 vUv;
+
+            void main(){ 
+                gl_FragColor = vec4(vUv.xy, 0, 1);
+                
+                #ifdef IS_SRGB
+                gl_FragColor = sRGBTransferOETF( texture2D( blitTexture, vUv) );
+                #else
+                gl_FragColor = texture2D( blitTexture, vUv);
+                #endif
+				
+				gl_FragColor.rgba *= scale.rgba;
+            }`
+	} );
+
+	// update uniforms
+	const uniforms = fullscreenQuadMaterial.uniforms;
+	uniforms.blitTexture.value = texture;
+	uniforms.flipY.value = false;
+	uniforms.scale.value = new Vector4( 1, 1, 1, 1 );
+	if ( colorScale !== undefined ) uniforms.scale.value.copy( colorScale );
+
+	fullscreenQuadMaterial.defines.IS_SRGB = texture.colorSpace == SRGBColorSpace;
+	fullscreenQuadMaterial.needsUpdate = true;
+
+	if ( ! fullscreenQuad ) {
+
+		fullscreenQuad = new Mesh( fullscreenQuadGeometry, fullscreenQuadMaterial );
+		fullscreenQuad.frustumCulled = false;
+
+	}
+
+	const _camera = new PerspectiveCamera();
+	const _scene = new Scene();
+	_scene.add( fullscreenQuad );
+
+	if ( ! renderer ) {
+
+		renderer = _renderer = new WebGLRenderer( { antialias: false, alpha: true, premultipliedAlpha: false, preserveDrawingBuffer: true } );
+
+	}
+
+	const width = Math.min( texture.image.width, maxTextureSize );
+	const height = Math.min( texture.image.height, maxTextureSize );
+
+	// dispose render target if the size is wrong
+	if ( renderTarget && ( renderTarget.width !== width || renderTarget.height !== height ) ) {
+
+		renderTarget.dispose();
+		renderTarget = null;
+
+	}
+
+	if ( ! renderTarget ) {
+		
+		renderTarget = new WebGLRenderTarget( width, height, { format: RGBAFormat, type: UnsignedByteType, minFilter: LinearFilter, magFilter: LinearFilter } );
+	}
+
+	renderer.setRenderTarget( renderTarget );
+	renderer.setSize( width, height );
+	renderer.clear();
+	renderer.render( _scene, _camera );
+
+	if ( _renderer ) {
+
+		_renderer.dispose();
+		_renderer = null;
+
+	}
+
+	const buffer = new Uint8ClampedArray( renderTarget.width * renderTarget.height * 4 );
+	renderer.readRenderTargetPixels( renderTarget, 0, 0, renderTarget.width, renderTarget.height, buffer );
+	const imageData = new ImageData( buffer, renderTarget.width, renderTarget.height, undefined );
+	const bmp = await createImageBitmap( imageData, { premultiplyAlpha: "none" } );
+	return {
+		imageData,
+		imageBitmap: bmp
+	};
+
+}
+
+/** Checks if the given image is of a type with readable data and width/height */
+function isImageBitmap( image ) {
+
+	return ( typeof HTMLImageElement !== 'undefined' && image instanceof HTMLImageElement ) ||
+		( typeof HTMLCanvasElement !== 'undefined' && image instanceof HTMLCanvasElement ) ||
+		( typeof OffscreenCanvas !== 'undefined' && image instanceof OffscreenCanvas ) ||
+		( typeof ImageBitmap !== 'undefined' && image instanceof ImageBitmap );
+
+}
+
+/** This method uses a 'bitmaprenderer' context and doesn't do any pixel manipulation. 
+ * This way, we can keep the alpha channel as it was, but we're losing the ability to do pixel manipulations or resize operations. */
+async function imageToCanvasUnpremultiplied( image: ImageBitmapSource & { width: number, height: number }, maxTextureSize = 4096) {
+
+	const scale = maxTextureSize / Math.max( image.width, image.height );
+	const width = image.width * Math.min( 1, scale );
+	const height = image.height * Math.min( 1, scale );
+
+	const canvas = new OffscreenCanvas( width, height );
+	const settings: ImageBitmapOptions = { premultiplyAlpha: "none" };
+	if (image.width !== width) settings.resizeWidth = width;
+	if (image.height !== height) settings.resizeHeight = height;
+
+	const imageBitmap = await createImageBitmap(image, settings);
+	const ctx = canvas.getContext("bitmaprenderer") as ImageBitmapRenderingContext | null;
+	if (ctx) {
+		ctx.transferFromImageBitmap(imageBitmap);
+	}
+	return canvas as OffscreenCanvasExt;
+}
+
+/** This method uses a '2d' canvas context for pixel manipulation, and can apply a color scale or Y flip to the given image.
+ * Unfortunately, canvas always uses premultiplied data, and thus images with low alpha values (or multiplying by a=0) will result in black pixels.
+ */
+async function imageToCanvas( image: HTMLImageElement | HTMLCanvasElement | OffscreenCanvas | ImageBitmap, color: Vector4 | undefined = undefined, flipY = false, maxTextureSize = 4096 ) {
+
+	if ( isImageBitmap( image ) ) {
+
+		// max. canvas size on Safari is still 4096x4096
+		const scale = maxTextureSize / Math.max( image.width, image.height );
+
+		const canvas = new OffscreenCanvas( image.width * Math.min( 1, scale ), image.height * Math.min( 1, scale ) );
+
+		const context = canvas.getContext( '2d', { alpha: true, premultipliedAlpha: false } ) as OffscreenCanvasRenderingContext2D;
+		if (!context) throw new Error('Could not get canvas 2D context');
+
+		if ( flipY === true ) {
+
+			context.translate( 0, canvas.height );
+			context.scale( 1, - 1 );
+
+		}
+
+		context.drawImage( image, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height );
+
+		// Currently only used to apply opacity scale since QuickLook and usdview don't support that yet
+		if ( color !== undefined ) {
+
+			const r = color.x;
+			const g = color.y;
+			const b = color.z;
+			const a = color.w;
+
+			const imagedata = context.getImageData( 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height );
+			const data = imagedata.data;
+
+			for ( let i = 0; i < data.length; i += 4 ) {
+
+				data[ i + 0 ] = data[ i + 0 ] * r;
+				data[ i + 1 ] = data[ i + 1 ] * g;
+				data[ i + 2 ] = data[ i + 2 ] * b;
+				data[ i + 3 ] = data[ i + 3 ] * a;
+
+			}
+
+			context.putImageData( imagedata, 0, 0 );
+
+		}
+
+		return canvas as OffscreenCanvasExt;
+
+	} else {
+
+		throw new Error( 'NeedleUSDZExporter: No valid image data found. Unable to process texture.' );
+
+	}
+
+}
+
+//
+
+const PRECISION = 7;
+
+function buildHeader() {
+
+	return `#usda 1.0
+(
+    customLayerData = {
+        string creator = "Needle Engine USDZExporter"
+    }
+    metersPerUnit = 1
+    upAxis = "Y"
+)
+`;
+
+}
+
+function buildUSDFileAsString( dataToInsert, _context: USDZExporterContext ) {
+
+	let output = buildHeader();
+	output += dataToInsert;
+	return fflate.strToU8( output );
+
+}
+
+function getObjectId( object ) {
+
+	return object.name.replace( /[-<>\(\)\[\]§$%&\/\\\=\?\,\;]/g, '' ) + '_' + object.id;
+
+}
+
+function getBoneName(bone: Object3D) {
+	return makeNameSafe(bone.name || 'bone_' + bone.uuid);
+}
+
+function getGeometryName(geometry: BufferGeometry, _fallbackName: string) {
+	// Using object names here breaks instancing...
+	// So we removed fallbackName again. Downside: geometries don't have nice names...
+	// A better workaround would be that we actually name them on glTF import (so the geometry has a name, not the object)
+	return makeNameSafe(geometry.name || 'Geometry') + "_" + geometry.id;
+}
+
+function getMaterialName(material: Material) {
+	return makeNameSafe(material.name || 'Material') + "_" + material.id;
+}
+
+function getPathToSkeleton(bone: Object3D, assumedRoot: Object3D) {
+	let path = getBoneName(bone);
+	let current = bone.parent;
+	while ( current && current !== assumedRoot ) {
+		path = getBoneName(current) + '/' + path;
+		current = current.parent;
+	}
+	return path;
+}
+
+// Xform
+
+export function buildXform( model: USDObject | null, writer: USDWriter, context: USDZExporterContext ) {
+
+	if ( model == null)
+		return;
+
+	Progress.report("export-usdz-xforms", { message: "buildXform " + model.displayName || model.name, autoStep: true });
+
+	// const matrix = model.matrix;
+	const transform = model.transform;
+	const geometry = model.geometry;
+	const material = model.material;
+	const camera = model.camera;
+	const name = model.name;
+
+	if ( model.animations ) {
+		for ( const animation of model.animations ) {
+			context.animations.push( animation )
+		}
+	}
+
+	// const transform = buildMatrix( matrix );
+
+	/*
+	if ( matrix.determinant() < 0 ) {
+
+		console.warn( 'NeedleUSDZExporter: USDZ does not support negative scales', name );
+
+	}
+	*/
+
+	const isSkinnedMesh = geometry && geometry.isBufferGeometry && geometry.attributes.skinIndex !== undefined && geometry.attributes.skinIndex.count > 0;
+	const objType = isSkinnedMesh ? 'SkelRoot' : 'Xform';
+	const _apiSchemas = new Array<string>();
+
+	// Specific case: the material is white unlit, the mesh has vertex colors, so we can
+	// export as displayColor directly
+	const isUnlitDisplayColor = 
+		material && material instanceof MeshBasicMaterial && 
+		material.color && material.color.r === 1 && material.color.g === 1 && material.color.b === 1 &&
+		!material.map && material.opacity === 1 &&
+		geometry?.attributes.color;
+
+	if (geometry?.attributes.color && !isUnlitDisplayColor) {
+		console.warn("NeedleUSDZExporter: Geometry has vertex colors. Vertex colors will only be shown in QuickLook for unlit materials with white color and no texture. Otherwise, they will be ignored.", model.displayName);
+	}
+
+	writer.appendLine();
+	if ( geometry ) {
+		writer.beginBlock( `def ${objType} "${name}"`, "(", false );
+		// NE-4084: To use the doubleSided workaround with skeletal meshes we'd have to 
+		// also emit extra data for jointIndices etc., so we're skipping skinned meshes here.
+		if (context.quickLookCompatible && material && material.side === DoubleSide && !isSkinnedMesh)
+			writer.appendLine(`prepend references = @./geometries/${getGeometryName(geometry, name)}.usda@</Geometry_doubleSided>`);
+		else
+			writer.appendLine(`prepend references = @./geometries/${getGeometryName(geometry, name)}.usda@</Geometry>`);
+		if (!isUnlitDisplayColor)
+			_apiSchemas.push("MaterialBindingAPI");
+		if (isSkinnedMesh)
+			_apiSchemas.push("SkelBindingAPI");
+	}
+	else if ( camera && !context.quickLookCompatible)
+		writer.beginBlock( `def Camera "${name}"`, "(", false );
+	else if ( model.type !== undefined)
+		writer.beginBlock( `def ${model.type} "${name}"` );
+	else // if (model.type === undefined)
+		writer.beginBlock( `def Xform "${name}"`, "(", false);
+
+	if (model.type === undefined) {
+		if (model.extraSchemas?.length)
+			_apiSchemas.push(...model.extraSchemas);
+		if (_apiSchemas.length)
+			writer.appendLine(`prepend apiSchemas = [${_apiSchemas.map(s => `"${s}"`).join(', ')}]`);
+	}
+	
+	if (model.displayName)
+		writer.appendLine(`displayName = "${makeDisplayNameSafe(model.displayName)}"`);
+	
+	if ( camera || model.type === undefined) {
+		writer.closeBlock( ")" );
+		writer.beginBlock();
+	}
+
+	if ( geometry && material ) {
+		if (!isUnlitDisplayColor) {
+			const materialName = getMaterialName(material);
+			writer.appendLine( `rel material:binding = </StageRoot/Materials/${materialName}>` );
+		}
+
+		// Turns out QuickLook / RealityKit doesn't support the doubleSided attribute, so we
+		// work around that by emitting additional indices above, and then we shouldn't emit the attribute either as geometry is
+		// already doubleSided then.
+		if (!context.quickLookCompatible && material.side === DoubleSide ) {
+			// double-sided is a mesh property in USD, we can apply it as `over` here
+			writer.beginBlock( `over "Geometry" `);
+			writer.appendLine( `uniform bool doubleSided = 1` );
+			writer.closeBlock();
+		}
+	}
+	let haveWrittenAnyXformOps = false;
+	if ( isSkinnedMesh ) {
+		writer.appendLine( `rel skel:skeleton = <Rig>` );
+		writer.appendLine( `rel skel:animationSource = <Rig/_anim>`);
+		haveWrittenAnyXformOps = false;
+		// writer.appendLine( `matrix4d xformOp:transform = ${buildMatrix(new Matrix4())}` ); // always identity / in world space
+	}
+	else if (model.type === undefined) {
+		if (transform) {
+			haveWrittenAnyXformOps = haveWrittenAnyXformOps || (transform.position !== null || transform.quaternion !== null || transform.scale !== null);
+			if (transform.position) {
+				model.needsTranslate = true;
+				writer.appendLine( `double3 xformOp:translate = (${fn(transform.position.x)}, ${fn(transform.position.y)}, ${fn(transform.position.z)})` );
+			}
+			if (transform.quaternion) {
+				model.needsOrient = true;
+				writer.appendLine( `quatf xformOp:orient = (${fn(transform.quaternion.w)}, ${fn(transform.quaternion.x)}, ${fn(transform.quaternion.y)}, ${fn(transform.quaternion.z)})` );
+			}
+			if (transform.scale) {
+				model.needsScale = true;
+				writer.appendLine( `double3 xformOp:scale = (${fn(transform.scale.x)}, ${fn(transform.scale.y)}, ${fn(transform.scale.z)})` );
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (model.visibility !== undefined)
+		writer.appendLine(`token visibility = "${model.visibility}"`);
+
+	if ( camera && !context.quickLookCompatible) {
+
+		if ( 'isOrthographicCamera' in camera && camera.isOrthographicCamera ) {
+
+			writer.appendLine( `float2 clippingRange = (${camera.near}, ${camera.far})` );
+			writer.appendLine( `float horizontalAperture = ${( ( Math.abs( camera.left ) + Math.abs( camera.right ) ) * 10 ).toPrecision( PRECISION )}` );
+			writer.appendLine( `float verticalAperture = ${( ( Math.abs( camera.top ) + Math.abs( camera.bottom ) ) * 10 ).toPrecision( PRECISION )}` );
+			writer.appendLine( 'token projection = "orthographic"' );
+
+		} else if ( 'isPerspectiveCamera' in camera && camera.isPerspectiveCamera) {
+
+			writer.appendLine( `float2 clippingRange = (${camera.near.toPrecision( PRECISION )}, ${camera.far.toPrecision( PRECISION )})` );
+			writer.appendLine( `float focalLength = ${camera.getFocalLength().toPrecision( PRECISION )}` );
+			writer.appendLine( `float focusDistance = ${camera.focus.toPrecision( PRECISION )}` );
+			writer.appendLine( `float horizontalAperture = ${camera.getFilmWidth().toPrecision( PRECISION )}` );
+			writer.appendLine( 'token projection = "perspective"' );
+			writer.appendLine( `float verticalAperture = ${camera.getFilmHeight().toPrecision( PRECISION )}` );
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	if ( model.onSerialize ) {
+
+		model.onSerialize( writer, context );
+
+	}
+
+	// after serialization, we know which xformops to actually define here:
+	if (model.type === undefined) {
+		// TODO only write the necessary ones – this isn't trivial though because we need to know
+		// if some of them are animated, and then we need to include those.
+		// Best approach would likely be to write xformOpOrder _after_ onSerialize
+		// and keep track of what was written in onSerialize (e.g. model.needsTranslate = true)
+		const ops = new Array<string>();
+		if (model.needsTranslate) ops.push('"xformOp:translate"');
+		if (model.needsOrient) ops.push('"xformOp:orient"');
+		if (model.needsScale) ops.push('"xformOp:scale"');
+		if (ops.length)
+			writer.appendLine( `uniform token[] xformOpOrder = [${ops.join(', ')}]` );
+	}
+
+	if ( model.children ) {
+
+		writer.appendLine();
+		for ( const ch of model.children ) {
+
+			buildXform( ch, writer, context );
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	writer.closeBlock();
+
+}
+
+function fn( num:number ): string {
+
+	return Number.isInteger(num) ? num.toString() : num.toFixed( 10 );
+
+}
+
+function buildMatrix( matrix ) {
+
+	const array = matrix.elements;
+
+	return `( ${buildMatrixRow( array, 0 )}, ${buildMatrixRow( array, 4 )}, ${buildMatrixRow( array, 8 )}, ${buildMatrixRow( array, 12 )} )`;
+
+}
+
+function buildMatrixRow( array, offset ) {
+
+	return `(${fn( array[ offset + 0 ] )}, ${fn( array[ offset + 1 ] )}, ${fn( array[ offset + 2 ] )}, ${fn( array[ offset + 3 ] )})`;
+
+}
+
+// Mesh
+
+function buildMeshObject( geometry: BufferGeometry, bonesArray: Bone[] = [], quickLookCompatible: boolean = true) {
+
+	const mesh = buildMesh( geometry, bonesArray, quickLookCompatible );
+	return `
+def "Geometry"
+${mesh}
+`;
+
+}
+
+function buildMesh( geometry: BufferGeometry, bones: Bone[] = [], quickLookCompatible: boolean = true) {
+
+	const name = 'Geometry';
+	const attributes = geometry.attributes;
+	const count = attributes.position.count;
+
+	const hasBones = bones && bones.length > 0;
+
+	// We need to sort bones and all skinning data by path –
+	// Neither glTF nor three.js care, but in USD they must be sorted
+	// since the array defines the virtual hierarchy and is evaluated in that order
+	const sortedBones: Array<{bone: Object3D, index: number}> = [];
+	const indexMapping: number[] = [];
+	let sortedSkinIndex = new Array<number>();
+	let sortedSkinIndexAttribute: BufferAttribute | InterleavedBufferAttribute | null = attributes.skinIndex;
+	let bonesArray = "";
+	if (hasBones) {
+		const uuidsFound:string[] = [];
+		for (const bone of bones ) {
+			// if (bone.parent!.type !== 'Bone')
+			{
+				sortedBones.push({bone: bone, index: bones.indexOf(bone)});
+				uuidsFound.push(bone.uuid);
+			}
+		}
+
+		let maxSteps = 10_000;
+		while (uuidsFound.length < bones.length && maxSteps-- > 0) {
+			for (const sortedBone of sortedBones) {
+				const children = sortedBone.bone.children as Bone[];
+				for (const childBone of children){
+					if (uuidsFound.indexOf(childBone.uuid) === -1 && bones.indexOf(childBone) !== -1){
+						sortedBones.push({bone: childBone, index: bones.indexOf(childBone)});
+						uuidsFound.push(childBone.uuid);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (maxSteps <= 0) console.error("Failed to sort bones in skinned mesh", sortedBones, bones, uuidsFound);
+
+		// add structural nodes to the list of bones
+		for (const structuralNode of findStructuralNodesInBoneHierarchy(bones) ) {
+			sortedBones.push( { bone: structuralNode, index: sortedBones.length } );
+		}
+
+        // sort bones by path – need to be sorted in the same order as during mesh export
+		const assumedRoot = sortedBones[0].bone.parent!;
+		sortedBones.sort((a, b) => getPathToSkeleton(a.bone, assumedRoot) > getPathToSkeleton(b.bone, assumedRoot) ? 1 : -1);
+		bonesArray = sortedBones.map( x => "\"" + getPathToSkeleton(x.bone, assumedRoot) + "\"" ).join( ', ' );
+		
+		// TODO we can probably skip the expensive attribute re-ordering if the bones were already in a correct order.
+		// That doesn't mean that they are strictly sorted by path – just that all parents strictly need to come first.
+
+		// build index mapping
+		for (const i in sortedBones) {
+			indexMapping[sortedBones[i].index] = parseInt(i);
+		}
+
+		// remap skin index attributes
+		const skinIndex = attributes.skinIndex;
+		sortedSkinIndex = new Array<number>();
+		for ( let i = 0; i < skinIndex.count; i ++ ) {
+	
+			const x = skinIndex.getX( i );
+			const y = skinIndex.getY( i );
+			const z = skinIndex.getZ( i );
+			const w = skinIndex.getW( i );
+
+			sortedSkinIndex.push( indexMapping[x], indexMapping[y], indexMapping[z], indexMapping[w] );
+		}
+
+		// turn it back into an attribute so the rest of the code doesn't need to learn a new thing
+		sortedSkinIndexAttribute = new BufferAttribute( new Uint16Array( sortedSkinIndex ), 4 );
+	}
+
+	const isSkinnedMesh = attributes.skinWeight && attributes.skinIndex;
+
+	return `
+{	
+    def Mesh "${name}" ${isSkinnedMesh ? `(
+        prepend apiSchemas = ["SkelBindingAPI"]
+    )` : ''}
+    {
+        int[] faceVertexCounts = [${buildMeshVertexCount( geometry )}]
+        int[] faceVertexIndices = [${buildMeshVertexIndices( geometry )}]
+		${attributes.normal || quickLookCompatible ? // in QuickLook, normals are required, otherwise double-sided rendering doesn't work.
+		`normal3f[] normals = [${buildVector3Array( attributes.normal, count )}] (
+            interpolation = "vertex"
+        )` : '' }
+        point3f[] points = [${buildVector3Array( attributes.position, count )}]
+        ${attributes.uv ?
+		`texCoord2f[] primvars:st = [${buildVector2Array( attributes.uv, count, true )}] (
+            interpolation = "vertex"
+        )` : '' }
+		${attributes.uv1 ? buildCustomAttributeAccessor('st1', attributes.uv1) : '' }
+		${attributes.uv2 ? buildCustomAttributeAccessor('st2', attributes.uv2) : '' }
+		${attributes.uv3 ? buildCustomAttributeAccessor('st3', attributes.uv3) : '' }
+		${isSkinnedMesh ?
+			`matrix4d primvars:skel:geomBindTransform = ( (1, 0, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0, 0), (0, 0, 1, 0), (0, 0, 0, 1) ) (
+				elementSize = 1
+				interpolation = "constant"
+			)` : '' }
+		${attributes.skinIndex ?
+		`int[] primvars:skel:jointIndices = [${buildVector4Array( sortedSkinIndexAttribute, true )}] (
+			elementSize = 4
+			interpolation = "vertex"
+		)` : '' }
+		${attributes.skinWeight ?
+		`float[] primvars:skel:jointWeights = [${buildVector4Array( attributes.skinWeight )}] (
+			elementSize = 4
+			interpolation = "vertex"
+		)` : '' }
+		${attributes.color ?
+		`color3f[] primvars:displayColor = [${buildVector3Array( attributes.color, count )}] (
+			interpolation = "vertex"
+		)` : '' }
+        uniform token subdivisionScheme = "none"
+    }
+}
+${quickLookCompatible ? `
+# This is a workaround for QuickLook/RealityKit not supporting the doubleSided attribute. We're adding a second
+# geometry definition here, that uses the same mesh data but appends extra faces with reversed winding order.
+def "${name}_doubleSided" (
+	prepend references = </Geometry>
+)
+{
+	over "Geometry"
+	{
+		int[] faceVertexCounts = [${buildMeshVertexCount( geometry ) + ", " + buildMeshVertexCount( geometry )}]
+		int[] faceVertexIndices = [${buildMeshVertexIndices( geometry ) + ", " + buildMeshVertexIndices( geometry, true )}]
+	}
+}
+` : '' }
+`;
+}
+
+function buildMeshVertexCount( geometry: BufferGeometry ) {
+
+	const count = geometry.index !== null ? geometry.index.count : geometry.attributes.position.count;
+
+	return Array( Math.floor(count / 3) ).fill( 3 ).join( ', ' );
+
+}
+
+function buildMeshVertexIndices( geometry: BufferGeometry, reverseWinding: boolean = false ) {
+
+	const index = geometry.index;
+	const array: Array<number> = [];
+
+	if ( index !== null ) {
+
+		for ( let i = 0; i < index.count; i ++ ) {
+
+			let val = i;
+			if ( reverseWinding )
+				val  = i % 3 === 0 ? i + 2 : i % 3 === 2 ? i - 2 : i;
+			array.push( index.getX( val ) );
+
+		}
+
+	} else {
+
+		const length = geometry.attributes.position.count;
+
+		for ( let i = 0; i < length; i ++ ) {
+
+			let val = i;
+			if ( reverseWinding )
+				val  = i % 3 === 0 ? i + 2 : i % 3 === 2 ? i - 2 : i;
+			array.push( val );
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	return array.join( ', ' );
+
+}
+
+/** Returns a string with the correct attribute declaration for the given attribute. Could have 2,3,4 components. */
+function buildCustomAttributeAccessor( primvarName: string, attribute: BufferAttribute | InterleavedBufferAttribute ) {
+	const count = attribute.itemSize;
+	switch (count) {
+		case 2:	
+			// TODO: Check if we want to flip Y here as well. We do that for texcoords, but the data in UV1..N could be intended for other purposes.
+			return `texCoord2f[] primvars:${primvarName} = [${buildVector2Array( attribute, count, true )}] (
+				interpolation = "vertex"
+			)`;
+		case 3:
+			return `texCoord3f[] primvars:${primvarName} = [${buildVector3Array( attribute, count )}] (
+				interpolation = "vertex"
+			)`;
+		case 4:
+			return `double4[] primvars:${primvarName} = [${buildVector4Array2( attribute, count )}] (
+				interpolation = "vertex"
+			)`;
+		default:
+			console.warn('USDZExporter: Attribute with ' + count + ' components are currently not supported. Results may be undefined for ' + primvarName + '.');
+			return '';
+	}
+}
+
+function buildVector3Array( attribute, count ) {
+
+	if ( attribute === undefined ) {
+
+		console.warn( 'USDZExporter: A mesh attribute is missing and will be set with placeholder data. The result may look incorrect.' );
+		return Array( count ).fill( '(0, 0, 1)' ).join( ', ' );
+
+	}
+
+	const array: Array<string> = [];
+
+	for ( let i = 0; i < attribute.count; i ++ ) {
+
+		const x = attribute.getX( i );
+		const y = attribute.getY( i );
+		const z = attribute.getZ( i );
+
+		array.push( `(${x.toPrecision( PRECISION )}, ${y.toPrecision( PRECISION )}, ${z.toPrecision( PRECISION )})` );
+
+	}
+
+	return array.join( ', ' );
+
+}
+
+
+function buildVector4Array2( attribute, count ) {
+
+	if ( attribute === undefined ) {
+
+		console.warn( 'USDZExporter: Attribute is missing. Results may be undefined.' );
+		return Array( count ).fill( '(0, 0, 0, 0)' ).join( ', ' );
+
+	}
+
+	const array: Array<string> = [];
+
+	for ( let i = 0; i < attribute.count; i ++ ) {
+
+		const x = attribute.getX( i );
+		const y = attribute.getY( i );
+		const z = attribute.getZ( i ) || 0;
+		const w = attribute.getW( i ) || 0;
+
+		array.push( `(${x.toPrecision( PRECISION )}, ${y.toPrecision( PRECISION )}, ${z.toPrecision( PRECISION )}, ${w.toPrecision( PRECISION )})` );
+
+	}
+
+	return array.join( ', ' );
+
+}
+
+function buildVector4Array( attribute, ints = false ) {
+	const array: Array<string> = [];
+
+	for ( let i = 0; i < attribute.count; i ++ ) {
+
+		const x = attribute.getX( i );
+		const y = attribute.getY( i );
+		const z = attribute.getZ( i );
+		const w = attribute.getW( i );
+
+		array.push( `${ints ? x : x.toPrecision( PRECISION )}` );
+		array.push( `${ints ? y : y.toPrecision( PRECISION )}` );
+		array.push( `${ints ? z : z.toPrecision( PRECISION )}` );
+		array.push( `${ints ? w : w.toPrecision( PRECISION )}` );
+
+	}
+
+	return array.join( ', ' );
+
+}
+
+function buildVector2Array( attribute: BufferAttribute | InterleavedBufferAttribute, count: number, flipY: boolean = false ) {
+	
+	if ( attribute === undefined ) {
+
+		console.warn( 'USDZExporter: UVs missing.' );
+		return Array( count ).fill( '(0, 0)' ).join( ', ' );
+
+	}
+
+	const array: Array<string> = [];
+
+	for ( let i = 0; i < attribute.count; i ++ ) {
+
+		const x = attribute.getX( i );
+		let y = attribute.getY( i );
+		if (flipY)
+			y = 1 - y;
+		array.push( `(${x.toPrecision( PRECISION )}, ${y.toPrecision( PRECISION )})` );
+
+	}
+
+	return array.join( ', ' );
+
+}
+
+// Materials
+
+function buildMaterials( materials: Map<string, Material>, textures: TextureMap, quickLookCompatible = false ) {
+
+	const array: Array<string> = [];
+
+	for ( const uuid in materials ) {
+
+		const material = materials[ uuid ];
+
+		array.push( buildMaterial( material, textures, quickLookCompatible ) );
+
+	}
+
+	return `
+	def "Materials"
+    {
+${array.join( '' )}
+    }`;
+}
+
+/** Slot of the exported texture. Some slots (e.g. normal, opacity) require additional processing. */
+declare type MapType = 'diffuse' | 'normal' | 'occlusion' | 'opacity' | 'roughness' | 'emissive' | 'metallic' | 'transmission';
+
+function texName(tex: Texture) {
+	// If we have a source, we only want to use the source's id, not the texture's id
+	// to avoid exporting the same underlying data multiple times.
+	return makeNameSafe(tex.name) + '_' + (tex.source?.id ?? tex.id);
+}
+
+function buildTexture( texture: Texture, mapType: MapType, quickLookCompatible: boolean, textures: TextureMap, material, usedUVChannels, color: Color | undefined = undefined, opacity: number | undefined = undefined ) {
+
+	const name = texName(texture);
+	// File names need to be unique; so when we're baking color and/or opacity into a texture we need to keep track of that.
+	// TODO This currently results in textures potentially being exported multiple times that are actually identical!
+	// const colorHex = color ? color.getHexString() : undefined;
+	// const colorId = ( color && colorHex != 'ffffff' ? '_' + color.getHexString() : '' );
+	const id = name + ( opacity !== undefined && opacity !== 1.0 ? '_' + opacity : '' );
+
+	// Seems neither QuickLook nor usdview support scale/bias on .a values, so we need to bake opacity multipliers into
+	// the texture. This is not ideal.
+	const opacityIsAppliedToTextureAndNotAsScale = quickLookCompatible && opacity !== undefined && opacity !== 1.0;
+	const scaleToApply = opacityIsAppliedToTextureAndNotAsScale ? new Vector4(1, 1, 1, opacity) : undefined;
+
+	// Treat undefined opacity as 1
+	if (opacity === undefined)
+		opacity = 1.0;
+
+	// When we're baking opacity into the texture, we shouldn't apply it as scale as well – so we set it to 1.
+	if (opacityIsAppliedToTextureAndNotAsScale)
+		opacity = 1.0;
+
+	// sanitize scaleToApply.w === 0 - this isn't working right now, seems the PNG can't be read back properly.
+	if (scaleToApply && scaleToApply.w <= 0.05) scaleToApply.w = 0.05;
+
+	textures[ id ] = { texture, scale: scaleToApply };
+
+	const uv = texture.channel > 0 ? 'st' + texture.channel : 'st';
+	usedUVChannels.add(texture.channel);
+
+	const isRGBA = formatsWithAlphaChannel.includes( texture.format );
+
+	const WRAPPINGS = {
+		1000: 'repeat', // RepeatWrapping
+		1001: 'clamp', // ClampToEdgeWrapping
+		1002: 'mirror' // MirroredRepeatWrapping
+	};
+
+	const repeat = texture.repeat.clone();
+	const offset = texture.offset.clone();
+	const rotation = texture.rotation;
+
+	// rotation is around the wrong point. after rotation we need to shift offset again so that we're rotating around the right spot
+	const xRotationOffset = Math.sin(rotation);
+	const yRotationOffset = Math.cos(rotation);
+
+	// texture coordinates start in the opposite corner, need to correct
+	offset.y = 1 - offset.y - repeat.y;
+
+	// turns out QuickLook is buggy and interprets texture repeat inverted.
+	// Apple Feedback: 	FB10036297 and FB11442287
+	if ( quickLookCompatible ) {
+
+		// This is NOT correct yet in QuickLook, but comes close for a range of models.
+		// It becomes more incorrect the bigger the offset is
+
+		// sanitize repeat values to avoid NaNs
+		if (repeat.x === 0) repeat.x = 0.0001;
+		if (repeat.y === 0) repeat.y = 0.0001;
+
+		offset.x = offset.x / repeat.x;
+		offset.y = offset.y / repeat.y;
+
+		offset.x += xRotationOffset / repeat.x;
+		offset.y += yRotationOffset - 1;
+	}
+
+	else {
+
+		// results match glTF results exactly. verified correct in usdview.
+		offset.x += xRotationOffset * repeat.x;
+		offset.y += (1 - yRotationOffset) * repeat.y;
+
+	}
+
+	const materialName = getMaterialName(material);
+
+	const needsTextureTransform = ( repeat.x != 1 || repeat.y != 1 || offset.x != 0 || offset.y != 0 || rotation != 0 );
+	const textureTransformInput = `${materialRoot}/${materialName}/${'uvReader_' + uv}.outputs:result>`;		const textureTransformOutput = `${materialRoot}/${materialName}/Transform2d_${mapType}.outputs:result>`;
+	const needsTextureScale = mapType !== 'normal' && (color && (color.r !== 1 || color.g !== 1 || color.b !== 1 || opacity !== 1)) || false;
+
+	const needsNormalScaleAndBias = mapType === 'normal';
+	const normalScale = material instanceof MeshStandardMaterial ? (material.normalScale ? material.normalScale.x * 2 : 2) : 2;
+	const normalScaleValueString = normalScale.toFixed( PRECISION );
+	const normalBiasString = (-1 * (normalScale / 2)).toFixed( PRECISION );
+	const normalBiasZString = (1 - normalScale).toFixed( PRECISION );
+
+	return `
+		${needsTextureTransform ? `def Shader "Transform2d_${mapType}" (
+			sdrMetadata = {
+				string role = "math"
+			}
+		)
+		{
+			uniform token info:id = "UsdTransform2d"
+			float2 inputs:in.connect = ${textureTransformInput}
+			float2 inputs:scale = ${buildVector2( repeat )}
+			float2 inputs:translation = ${buildVector2( offset )}
+			float inputs:rotation = ${(rotation / Math.PI * 180).toFixed( PRECISION )}
+			float2 outputs:result
+		}
+		` : '' }
+		def Shader "${name}_${mapType}"
+		{
+			uniform token info:id = "UsdUVTexture"
+			asset inputs:file = @textures/${id}.${isRGBA ? 'png' : 'jpg'}@
+			token inputs:sourceColorSpace = "${ texture.colorSpace === 'srgb' ? 'sRGB' : 'raw' }"
+			float2 inputs:st.connect = ${needsTextureTransform ? textureTransformOutput : textureTransformInput}
+			${needsTextureScale ? `
+			float4 inputs:scale = (${color ? color.r + ', ' + color.g + ', ' + color.b : '1, 1, 1'}, ${opacity})
+			` : `` }
+			${needsNormalScaleAndBias ? `
+			float4 inputs:scale = (${normalScaleValueString}, ${normalScaleValueString}, ${normalScaleValueString}, 1)
+			float4 inputs:bias = (${normalBiasString}, ${normalBiasString}, ${normalBiasZString}, 0)
+			` : `` }
+			token inputs:wrapS = "${ WRAPPINGS[ texture.wrapS ] }"
+			token inputs:wrapT = "${ WRAPPINGS[ texture.wrapT ] }"
+			float outputs:r
+			float outputs:g
+			float outputs:b
+			float3 outputs:rgb
+			${material.transparent || material.alphaTest > 0.0 ? 'float outputs:a' : ''}
+		}`;
+}
+
+function buildMaterial( material: MeshBasicMaterial, textures: TextureMap, quickLookCompatible = false ) {
+
+	const materialName = getMaterialName(material);
+
+	// Special case: occluder material
+	// Supported on iOS 18+ and visionOS 1+
+	const isShadowCatcherMaterial = 
+		material.colorWrite === false || 
+		(material.userData?.isShadowCatcherMaterial || material.userData?.isLightBlendMaterial);
+	if (isShadowCatcherMaterial) {
+
+		// Two options here:
+		// - ND_realitykit_occlusion_surfaceshader (non-shadow receiving)
+		// - ND_realitykit_shadowreceiver_surfaceshader (shadow receiving)
+
+		const mode = (material.userData.isLightBlendMaterial || material.userData.isShadowCatcherMaterial)
+			? "ND_realitykit_shadowreceiver_surfaceshader"
+			: "ND_realitykit_occlusion_surfaceshader";
+		
+		return `
+
+		def Material "${materialName}" ${material.name ?`(
+			displayName = "${material.name}"
+		)` : ''}
+		{
+			token outputs:mtlx:surface.connect = ${materialRoot}/${materialName}/Occlusion.outputs:out>
+
+			def Shader "Occlusion"
+			{
+				uniform token info:id = "${mode}"
+				token outputs:out
+			}
+		}`;
+	}
+
+	// https://graphics.pixar.com/usd/docs/UsdPreviewSurface-Proposal.html
+
+	const pad = '                ';
+	const inputs: Array<string> = [];
+	const samplers: Array<string> = [];
+	const usedUVChannels: Set<number> = new Set();
+
+	if ((material as any).isMeshPhysicalNodeMaterial === true) {
+		return buildNodeMaterial(material as unknown as MeshPhysicalNodeMaterial, materialName, textures);
+	}
+
+	let effectiveOpacity = ( material.transparent || material.alphaTest ) ? material.opacity : 1;
+	let haveConnectedOpacity = false;
+	let haveConnectedOpacityThreshold = false;
+	
+	if ( material instanceof MeshPhysicalMaterial && material.transmission !== undefined) {
+
+		// TODO does not help when a roughnessMap is used
+		effectiveOpacity *= (1 - material.transmission * (1 - (material.roughness * 0.5)));
+
+	}
+
+	if ( material.map ) {
+
+		inputs.push( `${pad}color3f inputs:diffuseColor.connect = ${materialRoot}/${materialName}/${texName(material.map)}_diffuse.outputs:rgb>` );
+
+		// Enforce alpha hashing in QuickLook for unlit materials
+		if (material instanceof MeshBasicMaterial && material.transparent && material.alphaTest == 0.0 && quickLookCompatible) {
+			inputs.push( `${pad}float inputs:opacity.connect = ${materialRoot}/${materialName}/${texName(material.map)}_diffuse.outputs:a>` );
+			haveConnectedOpacity = true;
+			// see below – QuickLook applies alpha hashing instead of pure blending when
+			// both opacity and opacityThreshold are connected
+			inputs.push( `${pad}float inputs:opacityThreshold = ${0.0000000001}` );
+			haveConnectedOpacityThreshold = true;
+		}
+		else if ( material.transparent ) {
+
+			inputs.push( `${pad}float inputs:opacity.connect = ${materialRoot}/${materialName}/${texName(material.map)}_diffuse.outputs:a>` );
+			haveConnectedOpacity = true;
+
+		} else if ( material.alphaTest > 0.0 ) {
+
+			inputs.push( `${pad}float inputs:opacity.connect = ${materialRoot}/${materialName}/${texName(material.map)}_diffuse.outputs:a>` );
+			haveConnectedOpacity = true;
+			inputs.push( `${pad}float inputs:opacityThreshold = ${material.alphaTest}` );
+			haveConnectedOpacityThreshold = true;
+
+		}
+
+		samplers.push( buildTexture( material.map, 'diffuse', quickLookCompatible, textures, material, usedUVChannels, material.color, effectiveOpacity ) );
+
+	} else {
+
+		inputs.push( `${pad}color3f inputs:diffuseColor = ${buildColor( material.color )}` );
+
+	}
+
+	if ( material.alphaHash && quickLookCompatible) {
+
+		// Seems we can do this to basically enforce alpha hashing / dithered transparency in QuickLook – 
+		// works completely different in usdview though...
+		if (haveConnectedOpacityThreshold) {
+			console.warn('Opacity threshold for ' + material.name + ' was already connected. Skipping alphaHash opacity threshold.');
+		}
+		else {
+			inputs.push( `${pad}float inputs:opacityThreshold = 0.0000000001` );
+			haveConnectedOpacityThreshold = true;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ( material.aoMap ) {
+
+		inputs.push( `${pad}float inputs:occlusion.connect = ${materialRoot}/${materialName}/${texName(material.aoMap)}_occlusion.outputs:r>` );
+
+		samplers.push( buildTexture( material.aoMap, 'occlusion', quickLookCompatible, textures, material, usedUVChannels ) );
+
+	}
+
+	if ( material.alphaMap ) {
+
+		inputs.push( `${pad}float inputs:opacity.connect = ${materialRoot}/${materialName}/${texName(material.alphaMap)}_opacity.outputs:r>` );
+		// TODO this is likely not correct and will prevent blending from working correctly – masking will be used instead
+		inputs.push( `${pad}float inputs:opacityThreshold = 0.0000000001` );
+		haveConnectedOpacity = true;
+		haveConnectedOpacityThreshold = true;
+
+		samplers.push( buildTexture( material.alphaMap, 'opacity', quickLookCompatible, textures, material, usedUVChannels, new Color( 1, 1, 1 ), effectiveOpacity ) );
+
+	} else { // opacity will always be connected if we have a map
+
+		if (haveConnectedOpacity) {
+			console.warn('Opacity for ' + material.name + ' was already connected. Skipping default opacity.');
+		} else {
+			inputs.push( `${pad}float inputs:opacity = ${effectiveOpacity}` );
+			haveConnectedOpacity = true;
+		}
+
+		if ( material.alphaTest > 0.0 ) {
+
+			if (haveConnectedOpacityThreshold) {
+				console.warn('Opacity threshold for ' + material.name + ' was already connected. Skipping default opacity threshold.');
+			}
+			else {
+				inputs.push( `${pad}float inputs:opacityThreshold = ${material.alphaTest}` );
+				haveConnectedOpacityThreshold = true;
+			}
+		}
+		
+	}
+
+	if ( material instanceof MeshStandardMaterial ) { 
+
+		if ( material.emissiveMap ) {
+
+			inputs.push( `${pad}color3f inputs:emissiveColor.connect = ${materialRoot}/${materialName}/${texName(material.emissiveMap)}_emissive.outputs:rgb>` );
+			const color = material.emissive.clone();
+			color.multiplyScalar( material.emissiveIntensity );
+			samplers.push( buildTexture( material.emissiveMap, 'emissive', quickLookCompatible, textures, material, usedUVChannels, color ) );
+
+		} else if ( material.emissive?.getHex() > 0 ) {
+
+			const color = material.emissive.clone();
+			color.multiplyScalar( material.emissiveIntensity );
+			inputs.push( `${pad}color3f inputs:emissiveColor = ${buildColor( color )}` );
+
+		} else {
+			
+			// We don't need to export (0,0,0) as emissive color
+			// inputs.push( `${pad}color3f inputs:emissiveColor = (0, 0, 0)` );
+
+		}
+
+		if ( material.normalMap ) {
+
+			inputs.push( `${pad}normal3f inputs:normal.connect = ${materialRoot}/${materialName}/${texName(material.normalMap)}_normal.outputs:rgb>` );
+
+			samplers.push( buildTexture( material.normalMap, 'normal', quickLookCompatible, textures, material, usedUVChannels ) );
+
+		}
+
+		if ( material.roughnessMap && material.roughness === 1 ) {
+
+			inputs.push( `${pad}float inputs:roughness.connect = ${materialRoot}/${materialName}/${texName(material.roughnessMap)}_roughness.outputs:g>` );
+
+			samplers.push( buildTexture( material.roughnessMap, 'roughness', quickLookCompatible, textures, material, usedUVChannels ) );
+
+		} else {
+
+			inputs.push( `${pad}float inputs:roughness = ${material.roughness !== undefined ? material.roughness : 1 }` );
+
+		}
+
+		if ( material.metalnessMap && material.metalness === 1 ) {
+
+			inputs.push( `${pad}float inputs:metallic.connect = ${materialRoot}/${materialName}/${texName(material.metalnessMap)}_metallic.outputs:b>` );
+
+			samplers.push( buildTexture( material.metalnessMap, 'metallic', quickLookCompatible, textures, material, usedUVChannels ) );
+
+		} else {
+
+			inputs.push( `${pad}float inputs:metallic = ${material.metalness !== undefined ? material.metalness : 0 }` );
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	if ( material instanceof MeshPhysicalMaterial ) {
+
+		inputs.push( `${pad}float inputs:clearcoat = ${material.clearcoat}` );
+		inputs.push( `${pad}float inputs:clearcoatRoughness = ${material.clearcoatRoughness}` );
+		inputs.push( `${pad}float inputs:ior = ${material.ior}` );
+
+		if ( !material.transparent && ! (material.alphaTest > 0.0) && material.transmissionMap) {
+
+			inputs.push( `${pad}float inputs:opacity.connect = ${materialRoot}/${materialName}/${texName(material.transmissionMap)}_transmission.outputs:r>` );
+	
+			samplers.push( buildTexture( material.transmissionMap, 'transmission', quickLookCompatible, textures, material, usedUVChannels ) );
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	// check if usedUVChannels contains any data besides exactly 0 or 1
+	if (usedUVChannels.size > 2) {
+		console.warn('USDZExporter: Material ' + material.name + ' uses more than 2 UV channels. Currently, only UV0 and UV1 are supported.');
+	}
+	else if (usedUVChannels.size === 2) {
+		// check if it's exactly 0 and 1
+		if (!usedUVChannels.has(0) || !usedUVChannels.has(1)) {
+			console.warn('USDZExporter: Material ' + material.name + ' uses UV channels other than 0 and 1. Currently, only UV0 and UV1 are supported.');
+		}
+	}
+
+	return `
+
+		def Material "${materialName}" ${material.name ?`(
+			displayName = "${makeDisplayNameSafe(material.name)}"
+		)` : ''}
+		{
+			token outputs:surface.connect = ${materialRoot}/${materialName}/PreviewSurface.outputs:surface>
+
+			def Shader "PreviewSurface"
+			{
+				uniform token info:id = "UsdPreviewSurface"
+${inputs.join( '\n' )}
+				int inputs:useSpecularWorkflow = ${material instanceof MeshBasicMaterial ? '1' : '0'}
+				token outputs:surface
+			}
+${samplers.length > 0 ? `
+${usedUVChannels.has(0) ? `
+			def Shader "uvReader_st"
+			{
+				uniform token info:id = "UsdPrimvarReader_float2"
+				token inputs:varname = "st"
+				float2 inputs:fallback = (0.0, 0.0)
+				float2 outputs:result
+			}
+` : ''}
+${usedUVChannels.has(1) ? `
+			def Shader "uvReader_st1"
+			{
+				uniform token info:id = "UsdPrimvarReader_float2"
+				token inputs:varname = "st1"
+				float2 inputs:fallback = (0.0, 0.0)
+				float2 outputs:result
+			}
+` : ''}
+${samplers.join( '\n' )}` : ''}
+		}`;
+}
+
+function buildColor( color ) {
+
+	return `(${color.r}, ${color.g}, ${color.b})`;
+
+}
+
+function buildVector2( vector ) {
+
+	return `(${ vector.x }, ${ vector.y })`;
+
+}
+
+const formatsWithAlphaChannel = [
+	// uncompressed formats with alpha channel
+	1023, // RGBAFormat
+	// compressed formats with alpha channel
+	33777, // RGBA_S3TC_DXT1_Format
+	33778, // RGBA_S3TC_DXT3_Format
+	33779, // RGBA_S3TC_DXT5_Format
+	35842, // RGBA_PVRTC_4BPPV1_Format
+	35843, // RGBA_PVRTC_2BPPV1_Format
+	37496, // RGBA_ETC2_EAC_Format
+	37808, // RGBA_ASTC_4x4_Format
+	37809, // RGBA_ASTC_5x4_Format
+	37810, // RGBA_ASTC_5x5_Format
+	37811, // RGBA_ASTC_6x5_Format
+	37812, // RGBA_ASTC_6x6_Format
+	37813, // RGBA_ASTC_8x5_Format
+	37814, // RGBA_ASTC_8x6_Format
+	37815, // RGBA_ASTC_8x8_Format
+	37816, // RGBA_ASTC_10x5_Format
+	37817, // RGBA_ASTC_10x6_Format
+	37818, // RGBA_ASTC_10x8_Format
+	37819, // RGBA_ASTC_10x10_Format
+	37820, // RGBA_ASTC_12x10_Format
+	37821, // RGBA_ASTC_12x12_Format
+	36492, // RGBA_BPTC_Format
+];
+
+export { 
+	buildMatrix,
+	decompressGpuTexture,
+	findStructuralNodesInBoneHierarchy,
+	formatsWithAlphaChannel,
+	getBoneName,
+	getMaterialName as getMaterialNameForUSD,
+	getPathToSkeleton,
+	imageToCanvas, 
+	imageToCanvasUnpremultiplied,
+	makeNameSafe as makeNameSafeForUSD,
+	USDDocument, 
+	fn as usdNumberFormatting, 
+	USDObject, 
+	USDWriter, 
+	USDZExporter, 
+	USDZExporterContext, 
 };