@es3d/es3d 1.0.0 → 1.0.1

package/src/format/serializer.js

@@ -1,333 +1,333 @@
-// Serialization of the ES3D AST to text.
-//
-//   serialize(doc, { syntax: 'xml' | 'compact' | 'json', pretty, aliases, precision, comments })
-//
-// pretty   : indentation, one element per line, comments kept (default true)
-// aliases  : use the short attribute aliases (p, r, s, m, ...) (default !pretty)
-// precision: quantize numbers to this many decimals (null = keep source values)
-// normalize: re-format typed values canonically (implied by precision / !pretty)
-//
-// Without precision/normalize the original attribute strings are written
-// unchanged, so load -> save is lossless.
-
-import { elementSpec, attrSpec } from './schema.js';
-import { formatNumber, formatNumberList, formatColor, formatTransformOps, formatPathData } from './value-format.js';
-import { toJsonTree } from './json.js';
-
-const PRESETS = {
-  pretty: { pretty: true, aliases: false, precision: null, normalize: false, comments: true },
-  minified: { pretty: false, aliases: true, precision: null, normalize: true, comments: false },
-};
-
-function resolveOptions(opts = {}) {
-  const base = opts.pretty === false ? PRESETS.minified : PRESETS.pretty;
-  const o = { syntax: 'xml', indent: '  ', wrap: 100, ...base, ...opts };
-  if (o.precision !== null && o.precision !== undefined) o.normalize = true;
-  return o;
-}
-
-/** Canonical (or aliased) attribute name for output. */
-function outName(elName, canonical, opts) {
-  if (!opts.aliases) return canonical;
-  const spec = attrSpec(elName, canonical);
-  return spec && spec.alias ? spec.alias : canonical;
-}
-
-function canonicalName(el, a) {
-  if (el.attrIndex) {
-    for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(el.attrIndex)) if (v === a) return k;
-  }
-  const spec = elementSpec(el.name);
-  if (!spec) return a.name;
-  if (spec.attrs[a.name]) return a.name;
-  for (const [k, s] of Object.entries(spec.attrs)) if (s.alias === a.name) return k;
-  return a.name;
-}
-
-const allEqual = (v) => v.every((x) => x === v[0]);
-
-/** Format an attribute value, re-encoding typed values when normalizing. */
-export function formatAttrValue(el, canonical, raw, opts) {
-  if (!opts.normalize) return raw;
-  const spec = attrSpec(el.name, canonical);
-  const v = el.values ? el.values[canonical] : undefined;
-  if (!spec || v === undefined) return raw.trim();
-  const p = opts.precision;
-  const c = !opts.pretty;
-  switch (spec.type) {
-    case 'number':
-    case 'angle':
-      return formatNumber(v, p, c);
-    case 'int':
-      return String(v);
-    case 'vec2':
-    case 'vec3':
-    case 'vec4':
-    case 'numbers':
-    case 'animValue':
-      return formatNumberList(v, { sep: ',', precision: p, compact: c });
-    case 'keyframes':
-      return v.map((k) => formatNumberList(k, { sep: ',', precision: p, compact: c })).join(c ? ';' : '; ');
-    case 'size2':
-    case 'size3':
-    case 'scale3':
-      return allEqual(v) ? formatNumber(v[0], p, c) : formatNumberList(v, { sep: ',', precision: p, compact: c });
-    case 'count2':
-      return v.join(',');
-    case 'points2':
-      return formatNumberList(v, { group: 2, precision: p, compact: c });
-    case 'points3':
-      return formatNumberList(v, { group: 3, precision: p, compact: c });
-    case 'floats':
-      return formatNumberList(v, { sep: ' ', precision: p, compact: c });
-    case 'indices':
-      return Array.from(v).join(' ');
-    case 'color': {
-      const hex = formatColor(v);
-      const r = raw.trim();
-      return r.length < hex.length ? r : hex;
-    }
-    case 'ref':
-    case 'id':
-    case 'enum':
-    case 'string':
-      return String(v);
-    case 'bool':
-      return v ? 'true' : 'false';
-    case 'transform':
-      return formatTransformOps(v.ops, p, c);
-    case 'path2d':
-      return formatPathData(v.segments, { precision: p, minify: c, dim: 2 });
-    case 'spine':
-      if (v.kind === 'path') return formatPathData(v.segments, { precision: p, minify: c, dim: 3 });
-      if (v.kind === 'points') return formatNumberList(v.points, { group: 3, precision: p, compact: c });
-      return `helix(${[v.radius, v.pitch, v.turns, ...(v.segmentsPerTurn ? [v.segmentsPerTurn] : [])].map((x) => formatNumber(x, p, c)).join(',')})`;
-    case 'range': {
-      const [a, b] = v;
-      return a === b ? formatNumber(a, p, c) : `${formatNumber(a, p, c)}..${formatNumber(b, p, c)}`;
-    }
-    case 'range3': {
-      const f = ([a, b]) => (a === b ? formatNumber(a, p, c) : `${formatNumber(a, p, c)}..${formatNumber(b, p, c)}`);
-      return v.ranges.map(f).join(',');
-    }
-    case 'idlist':
-      return v.join(',');
-    case 'duration':
-      return formatNumber(v, p, c) + 's';
-    case 'repeatCount':
-      return v === Infinity ? 'indefinite' : formatNumber(v, p, c);
-    default:
-      return raw.trim();
-  }
-}
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// markup syntax
-
-function escAttr(s) {
-  return s.replace(/&/g, '&amp;').replace(/</g, '&lt;').replace(/"/g, '&quot;');
-}
-function escText(s) {
-  return s.replace(/&/g, '&amp;').replace(/</g, '&lt;').replace(/>/g, '&gt;');
-}
-function xmlComment(text) {
-  return `<!--${text.replace(/--/g, '- -').replace(/-$/, '- ')}-->`;
-}
-
-function attrPairs(el, opts) {
-  const out = [];
-  for (const a of el.attrs) {
-    const canonical = canonicalName(el, a);
-    out.push([outName(el.name, canonical, opts), formatAttrValue(el, canonical, a.value, opts), canonical]);
-  }
-  return out;
-}
-
-function serializeXml(doc, opts) {
-  const lines = [];
-  const ind = (d) => opts.indent.repeat(d);
-  if (opts.pretty) {
-    if (opts.comments) for (const c of doc.leading) lines.push(xmlComment(c.text));
-    const emit = (el, depth) => {
-      const pairs = attrPairs(el, opts);
-      const attrsInline = pairs.map(([k, v]) => ` ${k}="${escAttr(v)}"`).join('');
-      const kids = el.children.filter((c) => c.type === 'element' || opts.comments);
-      const hasText = el.text !== null && el.text !== undefined && el.text.trim() !== '';
-      let open = `${ind(depth)}<${el.name}${attrsInline}`;
-      if (open.length + 2 > opts.wrap && pairs.length > 1) {
-        open = `${ind(depth)}<${el.name}` + pairs.map(([k, v]) => `\n${ind(depth + 2)}${k}="${escAttr(v)}"`).join('');
-      }
-      if (!kids.length && !hasText) {
-        lines.push(open + '/>');
-        return;
-      }
-      if (hasText && !kids.length) {
-        lines.push(`${open}>${escText(el.text.trim())}</${el.name}>`);
-        return;
-      }
-      lines.push(open + '>');
-      if (hasText) lines.push(ind(depth + 1) + escText(el.text.trim()));
-      for (const c of kids) {
-        if (c.type === 'comment') lines.push(ind(depth + 1) + xmlComment(c.text));
-        else emit(c, depth + 1);
-      }
-      lines.push(`${ind(depth)}</${el.name}>`);
-    };
-    emit(doc.root, 0);
-    if (opts.comments) for (const c of doc.trailing) lines.push(xmlComment(c.text));
-    return lines.join('\n') + '\n';
-  }
-  // minified
-  let out = '';
-  const emit = (el) => {
-    out += '<' + el.name;
-    for (const [k, v] of attrPairs(el, opts)) out += ` ${k}="${escAttr(v)}"`;
-    const kids = el.children.filter((c) => c.type === 'element' || opts.comments);
-    const hasText = el.text !== null && el.text !== undefined && el.text.trim() !== '';
-    if (!kids.length && !hasText) {
-      out += '/>';
-      return;
-    }
-    out += '>';
-    if (hasText) out += escText(el.text.trim());
-    for (const c of kids) {
-      if (c.type === 'comment') out += xmlComment(c.text);
-      else emit(c);
-    }
-    out += `</${el.name}>`;
-  };
-  emit(doc.root);
-  return out;
-}
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// compact syntax
-
-const NAME_RE = /^[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_.:-]*$/;
-
-function quoteCompact(v) {
-  if (v !== '' && !/[\s{};"\\]/.test(v)) return v;
-  return '"' + v.replace(/\\/g, '\\\\').replace(/"/g, '\\"').replace(/\n/g, '\\n').replace(/\t/g, '\\t') + '"';
-}
-
-function compactComment(text, pretty) {
-  if (pretty && !text.includes('\n')) return '//' + (text.startsWith(' ') ? '' : ' ') + text.replace(/\s+$/, '');
-  return '/*' + text.replace(/\*\//g, '* /') + '*/';
-}
-
-function compactHeader(el, opts) {
-  let s = el.name;
-  const rest = [];
-  for (const [k, v, canonical] of attrPairs(el, opts)) {
-    if (canonical === 'id' && NAME_RE.test(v)) s += '#' + v;
-    else if (canonical === 'ref' && NAME_RE.test(v)) rest.unshift('@' + v);
-    else rest.push(`${k}=${quoteCompact(v)}`);
-  }
-  const hasText = el.text !== null && el.text !== undefined && el.text.trim() !== '';
-  if (hasText) {
-    const t = el.text.trim();
-    rest.unshift('"' + t.replace(/\\/g, '\\\\').replace(/"/g, '\\"').replace(/\n/g, '\\n').replace(/\t/g, '\\t') + '"');
-  }
-  return rest.length ? s + ' ' + rest.join(' ') : s;
-}
-
-function serializeCompact(doc, opts) {
-  if (opts.pretty) {
-    const lines = [];
-    const ind = (d) => opts.indent.repeat(d);
-    if (opts.comments) for (const c of doc.leading) lines.push(compactComment(c.text, true));
-    const emitChildren = (el, depth) => {
-      for (const c of el.children) {
-        if (c.type === 'comment') {
-          if (opts.comments) lines.push(ind(depth) + compactComment(c.text, true));
-          continue;
-        }
-        const kids = c.children.filter((k) => k.type === 'element' || opts.comments);
-        const head = ind(depth) + compactHeader(c, opts);
-        if (!kids.length) lines.push(head);
-        else {
-          lines.push(head + ' {');
-          emitChildren(c, depth + 1);
-          lines.push(ind(depth) + '}');
-        }
-      }
-    };
-    lines.push(compactHeader(doc.root, opts));
-    emitChildren(doc.root, 0);
-    if (opts.comments) for (const c of doc.trailing) lines.push(compactComment(c.text, true));
-    return lines.join('\n') + '\n';
-  }
-  const parts = [];
-  const emit = (el) => {
-    let s = compactHeader(el, opts);
-    const kids = el.children.filter((k) => k.type === 'element' || opts.comments);
-    if (kids.length) {
-      const inner = [];
-      for (const c of kids) inner.push(c.type === 'comment' ? compactComment(c.text, false) : emit(c));
-      s += '{' + joinStatements(inner) + '}';
-    }
-    return s;
-  };
-  parts.push(compactHeader(doc.root, opts));
-  for (const c of doc.root.children) {
-    if (c.type === 'comment') {
-      if (opts.comments) parts.push(compactComment(c.text, false));
-    } else parts.push(emit(c));
-  }
-  return joinStatements(parts);
-}
-
-/** Join compact statements; a separator is needed only between two plain headers. */
-function joinStatements(items) {
-  let out = '';
-  for (let i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
-    const s = items[i];
-    if (i > 0) {
-      const prev = items[i - 1];
-      if (!prev.endsWith('}') && !prev.endsWith('*/')) out += ';';
-    }
-    out += s;
-  }
-  return out;
-}
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-/**
- * Serialize a document.
- * @param {import('./ast.js').Document} doc
- * @param {object} [options]
- * @returns {string}
- */
-export function serialize(doc, options = {}) {
-  const opts = resolveOptions(options);
-  if (!doc.root) throw new Error('Cannot serialize a document without a root element.');
-  if (opts.syntax === 'compact') return serializeCompact(doc, opts);
-  if (opts.syntax === 'json') {
-    const workDoc = opts.normalize ? normalizedCopy(doc, opts) : doc;
-    const tree = toJsonTree(workDoc, { comments: opts.comments });
-    return opts.pretty ? JSON.stringify(tree, null, 1) + '\n' : JSON.stringify(tree);
-  }
-  return serializeXml(doc, opts);
-}
-
-/** Copy of the AST where attribute values are already formatted per opts. */
-function normalizedCopy(doc, opts) {
-  const clone = (el) => {
-    const pairs = attrPairs(el, opts);
-    return {
-      ...el,
-      attrs: pairs.map(([k, v]) => ({ name: k, value: v })),
-      children: el.children.map((c) => (c.type === 'element' ? clone(c) : c)),
-    };
-  };
-  return { ...doc, root: clone(doc.root) };
-}
-
-export const SERIALIZE_PRESETS = {
-  'xml-pretty': { syntax: 'xml', pretty: true },
-  'xml-min': { syntax: 'xml', pretty: false },
-  'compact-pretty': { syntax: 'compact', pretty: true },
-  'compact-min': { syntax: 'compact', pretty: false },
-  'json-min': { syntax: 'json', pretty: false },
-};
+// Serialization of the ES3D AST to text.
+//
+//   serialize(doc, { syntax: 'xml' | 'compact' | 'json', pretty, aliases, precision, comments })
+//
+// pretty   : indentation, one element per line, comments kept (default true)
+// aliases  : use the short attribute aliases (p, r, s, m, ...) (default !pretty)
+// precision: quantize numbers to this many decimals (null = keep source values)
+// normalize: re-format typed values canonically (implied by precision / !pretty)
+//
+// Without precision/normalize the original attribute strings are written
+// unchanged, so load -> save is lossless.
+
+import { elementSpec, attrSpec } from './schema.js';
+import { formatNumber, formatNumberList, formatColor, formatTransformOps, formatPathData } from './value-format.js';
+import { toJsonTree } from './json.js';
+
+const PRESETS = {
+  pretty: { pretty: true, aliases: false, precision: null, normalize: false, comments: true },
+  minified: { pretty: false, aliases: true, precision: null, normalize: true, comments: false },
+};
+
+function resolveOptions(opts = {}) {
+  const base = opts.pretty === false ? PRESETS.minified : PRESETS.pretty;
+  const o = { syntax: 'xml', indent: '  ', wrap: 100, ...base, ...opts };
+  if (o.precision !== null && o.precision !== undefined) o.normalize = true;
+  return o;
+}
+
+/** Canonical (or aliased) attribute name for output. */
+function outName(elName, canonical, opts) {
+  if (!opts.aliases) return canonical;
+  const spec = attrSpec(elName, canonical);
+  return spec && spec.alias ? spec.alias : canonical;
+}
+
+function canonicalName(el, a) {
+  if (el.attrIndex) {
+    for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(el.attrIndex)) if (v === a) return k;
+  }
+  const spec = elementSpec(el.name);
+  if (!spec) return a.name;
+  if (spec.attrs[a.name]) return a.name;
+  for (const [k, s] of Object.entries(spec.attrs)) if (s.alias === a.name) return k;
+  return a.name;
+}
+
+const allEqual = (v) => v.every((x) => x === v[0]);
+
+/** Format an attribute value, re-encoding typed values when normalizing. */
+export function formatAttrValue(el, canonical, raw, opts) {
+  if (!opts.normalize) return raw;
+  const spec = attrSpec(el.name, canonical);
+  const v = el.values ? el.values[canonical] : undefined;
+  if (!spec || v === undefined) return raw.trim();
+  const p = opts.precision;
+  const c = !opts.pretty;
+  switch (spec.type) {
+    case 'number':
+    case 'angle':
+      return formatNumber(v, p, c);
+    case 'int':
+      return String(v);
+    case 'vec2':
+    case 'vec3':
+    case 'vec4':
+    case 'numbers':
+    case 'animValue':
+      return formatNumberList(v, { sep: ',', precision: p, compact: c });
+    case 'keyframes':
+      return v.map((k) => formatNumberList(k, { sep: ',', precision: p, compact: c })).join(c ? ';' : '; ');
+    case 'size2':
+    case 'size3':
+    case 'scale3':
+      return allEqual(v) ? formatNumber(v[0], p, c) : formatNumberList(v, { sep: ',', precision: p, compact: c });
+    case 'count2':
+      return v.join(',');
+    case 'points2':
+      return formatNumberList(v, { group: 2, precision: p, compact: c });
+    case 'points3':
+      return formatNumberList(v, { group: 3, precision: p, compact: c });
+    case 'floats':
+      return formatNumberList(v, { sep: ' ', precision: p, compact: c });
+    case 'indices':
+      return Array.from(v).join(' ');
+    case 'color': {
+      const hex = formatColor(v);
+      const r = raw.trim();
+      return r.length < hex.length ? r : hex;
+    }
+    case 'ref':
+    case 'id':
+    case 'enum':
+    case 'string':
+      return String(v);
+    case 'bool':
+      return v ? 'true' : 'false';
+    case 'transform':
+      return formatTransformOps(v.ops, p, c);
+    case 'path2d':
+      return formatPathData(v.segments, { precision: p, minify: c, dim: 2 });
+    case 'spine':
+      if (v.kind === 'path') return formatPathData(v.segments, { precision: p, minify: c, dim: 3 });
+      if (v.kind === 'points') return formatNumberList(v.points, { group: 3, precision: p, compact: c });
+      return `helix(${[v.radius, v.pitch, v.turns, ...(v.segmentsPerTurn ? [v.segmentsPerTurn] : [])].map((x) => formatNumber(x, p, c)).join(',')})`;
+    case 'range': {
+      const [a, b] = v;
+      return a === b ? formatNumber(a, p, c) : `${formatNumber(a, p, c)}..${formatNumber(b, p, c)}`;
+    }
+    case 'range3': {
+      const f = ([a, b]) => (a === b ? formatNumber(a, p, c) : `${formatNumber(a, p, c)}..${formatNumber(b, p, c)}`);
+      return v.ranges.map(f).join(',');
+    }
+    case 'idlist':
+      return v.join(',');
+    case 'duration':
+      return formatNumber(v, p, c) + 's';
+    case 'repeatCount':
+      return v === Infinity ? 'indefinite' : formatNumber(v, p, c);
+    default:
+      return raw.trim();
+  }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// markup syntax
+
+function escAttr(s) {
+  return s.replace(/&/g, '&amp;').replace(/</g, '&lt;').replace(/"/g, '&quot;');
+}
+function escText(s) {
+  return s.replace(/&/g, '&amp;').replace(/</g, '&lt;').replace(/>/g, '&gt;');
+}
+function xmlComment(text) {
+  return `<!--${text.replace(/--/g, '- -').replace(/-$/, '- ')}-->`;
+}
+
+function attrPairs(el, opts) {
+  const out = [];
+  for (const a of el.attrs) {
+    const canonical = canonicalName(el, a);
+    out.push([outName(el.name, canonical, opts), formatAttrValue(el, canonical, a.value, opts), canonical]);
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+function serializeXml(doc, opts) {
+  const lines = [];
+  const ind = (d) => opts.indent.repeat(d);
+  if (opts.pretty) {
+    if (opts.comments) for (const c of doc.leading) lines.push(xmlComment(c.text));
+    const emit = (el, depth) => {
+      const pairs = attrPairs(el, opts);
+      const attrsInline = pairs.map(([k, v]) => ` ${k}="${escAttr(v)}"`).join('');
+      const kids = el.children.filter((c) => c.type === 'element' || opts.comments);
+      const hasText = el.text !== null && el.text !== undefined && el.text.trim() !== '';
+      let open = `${ind(depth)}<${el.name}${attrsInline}`;
+      if (open.length + 2 > opts.wrap && pairs.length > 1) {
+        open = `${ind(depth)}<${el.name}` + pairs.map(([k, v]) => `\n${ind(depth + 2)}${k}="${escAttr(v)}"`).join('');
+      }
+      if (!kids.length && !hasText) {
+        lines.push(open + '/>');
+        return;
+      }
+      if (hasText && !kids.length) {
+        lines.push(`${open}>${escText(el.text.trim())}</${el.name}>`);
+        return;
+      }
+      lines.push(open + '>');
+      if (hasText) lines.push(ind(depth + 1) + escText(el.text.trim()));
+      for (const c of kids) {
+        if (c.type === 'comment') lines.push(ind(depth + 1) + xmlComment(c.text));
+        else emit(c, depth + 1);
+      }
+      lines.push(`${ind(depth)}</${el.name}>`);
+    };
+    emit(doc.root, 0);
+    if (opts.comments) for (const c of doc.trailing) lines.push(xmlComment(c.text));
+    return lines.join('\n') + '\n';
+  }
+  // minified
+  let out = '';
+  const emit = (el) => {
+    out += '<' + el.name;
+    for (const [k, v] of attrPairs(el, opts)) out += ` ${k}="${escAttr(v)}"`;
+    const kids = el.children.filter((c) => c.type === 'element' || opts.comments);
+    const hasText = el.text !== null && el.text !== undefined && el.text.trim() !== '';
+    if (!kids.length && !hasText) {
+      out += '/>';
+      return;
+    }
+    out += '>';
+    if (hasText) out += escText(el.text.trim());
+    for (const c of kids) {
+      if (c.type === 'comment') out += xmlComment(c.text);
+      else emit(c);
+    }
+    out += `</${el.name}>`;
+  };
+  emit(doc.root);
+  return out;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// compact syntax
+
+const NAME_RE = /^[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_.:-]*$/;
+
+function quoteCompact(v) {
+  if (v !== '' && !/[\s{};"\\]/.test(v)) return v;
+  return '"' + v.replace(/\\/g, '\\\\').replace(/"/g, '\\"').replace(/\n/g, '\\n').replace(/\t/g, '\\t') + '"';
+}
+
+function compactComment(text, pretty) {
+  if (pretty && !text.includes('\n')) return '//' + (text.startsWith(' ') ? '' : ' ') + text.replace(/\s+$/, '');
+  return '/*' + text.replace(/\*\//g, '* /') + '*/';
+}
+
+function compactHeader(el, opts) {
+  let s = el.name;
+  const rest = [];
+  for (const [k, v, canonical] of attrPairs(el, opts)) {
+    if (canonical === 'id' && NAME_RE.test(v)) s += '#' + v;
+    else if (canonical === 'ref' && NAME_RE.test(v)) rest.unshift('@' + v);
+    else rest.push(`${k}=${quoteCompact(v)}`);
+  }
+  const hasText = el.text !== null && el.text !== undefined && el.text.trim() !== '';
+  if (hasText) {
+    const t = el.text.trim();
+    rest.unshift('"' + t.replace(/\\/g, '\\\\').replace(/"/g, '\\"').replace(/\n/g, '\\n').replace(/\t/g, '\\t') + '"');
+  }
+  return rest.length ? s + ' ' + rest.join(' ') : s;
+}
+
+function serializeCompact(doc, opts) {
+  if (opts.pretty) {
+    const lines = [];
+    const ind = (d) => opts.indent.repeat(d);
+    if (opts.comments) for (const c of doc.leading) lines.push(compactComment(c.text, true));
+    const emitChildren = (el, depth) => {
+      for (const c of el.children) {
+        if (c.type === 'comment') {
+          if (opts.comments) lines.push(ind(depth) + compactComment(c.text, true));
+          continue;
+        }
+        const kids = c.children.filter((k) => k.type === 'element' || opts.comments);
+        const head = ind(depth) + compactHeader(c, opts);
+        if (!kids.length) lines.push(head);
+        else {
+          lines.push(head + ' {');
+          emitChildren(c, depth + 1);
+          lines.push(ind(depth) + '}');
+        }
+      }
+    };
+    lines.push(compactHeader(doc.root, opts));
+    emitChildren(doc.root, 0);
+    if (opts.comments) for (const c of doc.trailing) lines.push(compactComment(c.text, true));
+    return lines.join('\n') + '\n';
+  }
+  const parts = [];
+  const emit = (el) => {
+    let s = compactHeader(el, opts);
+    const kids = el.children.filter((k) => k.type === 'element' || opts.comments);
+    if (kids.length) {
+      const inner = [];
+      for (const c of kids) inner.push(c.type === 'comment' ? compactComment(c.text, false) : emit(c));
+      s += '{' + joinStatements(inner) + '}';
+    }
+    return s;
+  };
+  parts.push(compactHeader(doc.root, opts));
+  for (const c of doc.root.children) {
+    if (c.type === 'comment') {
+      if (opts.comments) parts.push(compactComment(c.text, false));
+    } else parts.push(emit(c));
+  }
+  return joinStatements(parts);
+}
+
+/** Join compact statements; a separator is needed only between two plain headers. */
+function joinStatements(items) {
+  let out = '';
+  for (let i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
+    const s = items[i];
+    if (i > 0) {
+      const prev = items[i - 1];
+      if (!prev.endsWith('}') && !prev.endsWith('*/')) out += ';';
+    }
+    out += s;
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Serialize a document.
+ * @param {import('./ast.js').Document} doc
+ * @param {object} [options]
+ * @returns {string}
+ */
+export function serialize(doc, options = {}) {
+  const opts = resolveOptions(options);
+  if (!doc.root) throw new Error('Cannot serialize a document without a root element.');
+  if (opts.syntax === 'compact') return serializeCompact(doc, opts);
+  if (opts.syntax === 'json') {
+    const workDoc = opts.normalize ? normalizedCopy(doc, opts) : doc;
+    const tree = toJsonTree(workDoc, { comments: opts.comments });
+    return opts.pretty ? JSON.stringify(tree, null, 1) + '\n' : JSON.stringify(tree);
+  }
+  return serializeXml(doc, opts);
+}
+
+/** Copy of the AST where attribute values are already formatted per opts. */
+function normalizedCopy(doc, opts) {
+  const clone = (el) => {
+    const pairs = attrPairs(el, opts);
+    return {
+      ...el,
+      attrs: pairs.map(([k, v]) => ({ name: k, value: v })),
+      children: el.children.map((c) => (c.type === 'element' ? clone(c) : c)),
+    };
+  };
+  return { ...doc, root: clone(doc.root) };
+}
+
+export const SERIALIZE_PRESETS = {
+  'xml-pretty': { syntax: 'xml', pretty: true },
+  'xml-min': { syntax: 'xml', pretty: false },
+  'compact-pretty': { syntax: 'compact', pretty: true },
+  'compact-min': { syntax: 'compact', pretty: false },
+  'json-min': { syntax: 'json', pretty: false },
+};