@devo-bmad-custom/agent-orchestration 1.0.0

package/src/.agents/skills/ui-ux-pro-custom/data/swift-ios-skills/core-nfc/SKILL.md

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+---
+name: core-nfc
+description: "Read and write NFC tags using CoreNFC. Use when scanning NDEF tags, reading ISO7816/ISO15693/FeliCa/MIFARE tags, writing NDEF messages, handling NFC session lifecycle, configuring NFC entitlements, or implementing background tag reading in iOS apps."
+---
+
+# CoreNFC
+
+Read and write NFC tags on iPhone using the CoreNFC framework. Covers NDEF
+reader sessions, tag reader sessions, NDEF message construction, entitlements,
+and background tag reading. Targets Swift 6.2 / iOS 26+.
+
+## Contents
+
+- [Setup](#setup)
+- [NDEF Reader Session](#ndef-reader-session)
+- [Tag Reader Session](#tag-reader-session)
+- [Writing NDEF Messages](#writing-ndef-messages)
+- [NDEF Payload Types](#ndef-payload-types)
+- [Background Tag Reading](#background-tag-reading)
+- [Common Mistakes](#common-mistakes)
+- [Review Checklist](#review-checklist)
+- [References](#references)
+
+## Setup
+
+### Project Configuration
+
+1. Add the **Near Field Communication Tag Reading** capability in Xcode
+2. Add `NFCReaderUsageDescription` to Info.plist with a user-facing reason string
+3. Add the `com.apple.developer.nfc.readersession.formats` entitlement with the tag types your app reads (e.g., `NDEF`, `TAG`)
+4. For ISO 7816 tags, add supported application identifiers to `com.apple.developer.nfc.readersession.iso7816.select-identifiers` in Info.plist
+
+### Device Requirements
+
+NFC reading requires iPhone 7 or later. Always check for reader session
+availability before presenting NFC UI.
+
+```swift
+import CoreNFC
+
+guard NFCNDEFReaderSession.readingAvailable else {
+    // Device does not support NFC or feature is restricted
+    showUnsupportedMessage()
+    return
+}
+```
+
+### Key Types
+
+| Type | Role |
+|---|---|
+| `NFCNDEFReaderSession` | Scans for NDEF-formatted tags |
+| `NFCTagReaderSession` | Scans for ISO7816, ISO15693, FeliCa, MIFARE tags |
+| `NFCNDEFMessage` | Collection of NDEF payload records |
+| `NFCNDEFPayload` | Single record within an NDEF message |
+| `NFCNDEFTag` | Protocol for interacting with an NDEF-capable tag |
+
+## NDEF Reader Session
+
+Use `NFCNDEFReaderSession` to read NDEF-formatted data from tags. This is the
+simplest path for reading standard tag content like URLs, text, and MIME data.
+
+```swift
+import CoreNFC
+
+final class NDEFReader: NSObject, NFCNDEFReaderSessionDelegate {
+    private var session: NFCNDEFReaderSession?
+
+    func beginScanning() {
+        guard NFCNDEFReaderSession.readingAvailable else { return }
+
+        session = NFCNDEFReaderSession(
+            delegate: self,
+            queue: nil,
+            invalidateAfterFirstRead: false
+        )
+        session?.alertMessage = "Hold your iPhone near an NFC tag."
+        session?.begin()
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - NFCNDEFReaderSessionDelegate
+
+    func readerSessionDidBecomeActive(_ session: NFCNDEFReaderSession) {
+        // Session is scanning
+    }
+
+    func readerSession(
+        _ session: NFCNDEFReaderSession,
+        didDetectNDEFs messages: [NFCNDEFMessage]
+    ) {
+        for message in messages {
+            for record in message.records {
+                processRecord(record)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    func readerSession(
+        _ session: NFCNDEFReaderSession,
+        didInvalidateWithError error: Error
+    ) {
+        let nfcError = error as? NFCReaderError
+        if nfcError?.code != .readerSessionInvalidationErrorFirstNDEFTagRead,
+           nfcError?.code != .readerSessionInvalidationErrorUserCanceled {
+            print("Session invalidated: \(error.localizedDescription)")
+        }
+        self.session = nil
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Reading with Tag Connection
+
+For read-write operations, use the tag-detection delegate method to connect
+to individual tags:
+
+```swift
+func readerSession(
+    _ session: NFCNDEFReaderSession,
+    didDetect tags: [any NFCNDEFTag]
+) {
+    guard let tag = tags.first else {
+        session.restartPolling()
+        return
+    }
+
+    session.connect(to: tag) { error in
+        if let error {
+            session.invalidate(errorMessage: "Connection failed: \(error)")
+            return
+        }
+
+        tag.queryNDEFStatus { status, capacity, error in
+            guard error == nil else {
+                session.invalidate(errorMessage: "Query failed.")
+                return
+            }
+
+            switch status {
+            case .notSupported:
+                session.invalidate(errorMessage: "Tag is not NDEF compliant.")
+            case .readOnly:
+                tag.readNDEF { message, error in
+                    if let message {
+                        self.processMessage(message)
+                    }
+                    session.invalidate()
+                }
+            case .readWrite:
+                tag.readNDEF { message, error in
+                    if let message {
+                        self.processMessage(message)
+                    }
+                    session.alertMessage = "Tag read successfully."
+                    session.invalidate()
+                }
+            @unknown default:
+                session.invalidate()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+## Tag Reader Session
+
+Use `NFCTagReaderSession` when you need direct access to the native tag
+protocol (ISO 7816, ISO 15693, FeliCa, or MIFARE).
+
+```swift
+final class TagReader: NSObject, NFCTagReaderSessionDelegate {
+    private var session: NFCTagReaderSession?
+
+    func beginScanning() {
+        session = NFCTagReaderSession(
+            pollingOption: [.iso14443, .iso15693],
+            delegate: self,
+            queue: nil
+        )
+        session?.alertMessage = "Hold your iPhone near a tag."
+        session?.begin()
+    }
+
+    func tagReaderSessionDidBecomeActive(
+        _ session: NFCTagReaderSession
+    ) { }
+
+    func tagReaderSession(
+        _ session: NFCTagReaderSession,
+        didDetect tags: [NFCTag]
+    ) {
+        guard let tag = tags.first else { return }
+
+        session.connect(to: tag) { error in
+            guard error == nil else {
+                session.invalidate(
+                    errorMessage: "Connection failed."
+                )
+                return
+            }
+
+            switch tag {
+            case .iso7816(let iso7816Tag):
+                self.readISO7816(tag: iso7816Tag, session: session)
+            case .miFare(let miFareTag):
+                self.readMiFare(tag: miFareTag, session: session)
+            case .iso15693(let iso15693Tag):
+                self.readISO15693(tag: iso15693Tag, session: session)
+            case .feliCa(let feliCaTag):
+                self.readFeliCa(tag: feliCaTag, session: session)
+            @unknown default:
+                session.invalidate(errorMessage: "Unsupported tag type.")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    func tagReaderSession(
+        _ session: NFCTagReaderSession,
+        didInvalidateWithError error: Error
+    ) {
+        self.session = nil
+    }
+}
+```
+
+## Writing NDEF Messages
+
+Write NDEF data to a connected tag. Always check `readWrite` status first.
+
+```swift
+func writeToTag(
+    tag: any NFCNDEFTag,
+    session: NFCNDEFReaderSession,
+    url: URL
+) {
+    tag.queryNDEFStatus { status, capacity, error in
+        guard status == .readWrite else {
+            session.invalidate(errorMessage: "Tag is read-only.")
+            return
+        }
+
+        guard let payload = NFCNDEFPayload.wellKnownTypeURIPayload(
+            url: url
+        ) else {
+            session.invalidate(errorMessage: "Invalid URL.")
+            return
+        }
+
+        let message = NFCNDEFMessage(records: [payload])
+
+        tag.writeNDEF(message) { error in
+            if let error {
+                session.invalidate(
+                    errorMessage: "Write failed: \(error.localizedDescription)"
+                )
+            } else {
+                session.alertMessage = "Tag written successfully."
+                session.invalidate()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+## NDEF Payload Types
+
+### Creating Common Payloads
+
+```swift
+// URL payload
+let urlPayload = NFCNDEFPayload.wellKnownTypeURIPayload(
+    url: URL(string: "https://example.com")!
+)
+
+// Text payload
+let textPayload = NFCNDEFPayload.wellKnownTypeTextPayload(
+    string: "Hello NFC",
+    locale: Locale(identifier: "en")
+)
+
+// Custom payload
+let customPayload = NFCNDEFPayload(
+    format: .nfcExternal,
+    type: "com.example:mytype".data(using: .utf8)!,
+    identifier: Data(),
+    payload: "custom-data".data(using: .utf8)!
+)
+```
+
+### Parsing Payload Content
+
+```swift
+func processRecord(_ record: NFCNDEFPayload) {
+    switch record.typeNameFormat {
+    case .nfcWellKnown:
+        if let url = record.wellKnownTypeURIPayload() {
+            print("URL: \(url)")
+        } else if let (text, locale) = record.wellKnownTypeTextPayload() {
+            print("Text (\(locale)): \(text)")
+        }
+    case .absoluteURI:
+        if let uri = String(data: record.payload, encoding: .utf8) {
+            print("Absolute URI: \(uri)")
+        }
+    case .media:
+        let mimeType = String(data: record.type, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""
+        print("MIME type: \(mimeType), size: \(record.payload.count)")
+    case .nfcExternal:
+        let type = String(data: record.type, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""
+        print("External type: \(type)")
+    case .empty, .unknown, .unchanged:
+        break
+    @unknown default:
+        break
+    }
+}
+```
+
+## Background Tag Reading
+
+On iPhone XS and later, iOS can read NFC tags in the background without
+opening your app. To opt in:
+
+1. Add associated domains or universal links that match the URL on your tags
+2. Register your app for the tag's NDEF content type
+3. Include your app's bundle ID in the tag's NDEF record
+
+When a user taps a compatible tag, iOS displays a notification that opens
+your app. Handle the tag data via `NSUserActivity`:
+
+```swift
+func scene(
+    _ scene: UIScene,
+    continue userActivity: NSUserActivity
+) {
+    guard userActivity.activityType ==
+        NSUserActivityTypeBrowsingWeb else { return }
+
+    if let message = userActivity.ndefMessagePayload {
+        for record in message.records {
+            processRecord(record)
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+## Common Mistakes
+
+### DON'T: Forget the NFC entitlement
+
+Without the `com.apple.developer.nfc.readersession.formats` entitlement,
+session creation crashes at runtime.
+
+```swift
+// WRONG -- entitlement not added, crashes
+let session = NFCNDEFReaderSession(
+    delegate: self, queue: nil, invalidateAfterFirstRead: true
+)
+
+// CORRECT -- add entitlement in Signing & Capabilities first
+// Then the same code works:
+let session = NFCNDEFReaderSession(
+    delegate: self, queue: nil, invalidateAfterFirstRead: true
+)
+```
+
+### DON'T: Skip the readingAvailable check
+
+Attempting to create an NFC session on an unsupported device (iPad, iPod
+touch, or iPhone 6s and earlier) crashes.
+
+```swift
+// WRONG
+func scan() {
+    let session = NFCNDEFReaderSession(
+        delegate: self, queue: nil, invalidateAfterFirstRead: true
+    )
+    session.begin()
+}
+
+// CORRECT
+func scan() {
+    guard NFCNDEFReaderSession.readingAvailable else {
+        showUnsupportedAlert()
+        return
+    }
+    let session = NFCNDEFReaderSession(
+        delegate: self, queue: nil, invalidateAfterFirstRead: true
+    )
+    session.begin()
+}
+```
+
+### DON'T: Ignore session invalidation errors
+
+The session invalidates for multiple reasons. Distinguishing user cancellation
+from real errors prevents false error alerts.
+
+```swift
+// WRONG -- shows error when user cancels
+func readerSession(
+    _ session: NFCNDEFReaderSession,
+    didInvalidateWithError error: Error
+) {
+    showAlert("NFC Error: \(error.localizedDescription)")
+}
+
+// CORRECT -- filter expected invalidation reasons
+func readerSession(
+    _ session: NFCNDEFReaderSession,
+    didInvalidateWithError error: Error
+) {
+    let nfcError = error as? NFCReaderError
+    switch nfcError?.code {
+    case .readerSessionInvalidationErrorUserCanceled,
+         .readerSessionInvalidationErrorFirstNDEFTagRead:
+        break  // Normal termination
+    default:
+        showAlert("NFC Error: \(error.localizedDescription)")
+    }
+    self.session = nil
+}
+```
+
+### DON'T: Hold a strong reference to a stale session
+
+Once a session is invalidated, it cannot be restarted. Nil out your reference
+and create a new session for the next scan.
+
+```swift
+// WRONG -- reusing invalidated session
+func scanAgain() {
+    session?.begin()  // Does nothing, session is dead
+}
+
+// CORRECT -- create a new session
+func scanAgain() {
+    session = NFCNDEFReaderSession(
+        delegate: self, queue: nil, invalidateAfterFirstRead: false
+    )
+    session?.begin()
+}
+```
+
+### DON'T: Write without checking tag status
+
+Writing to a read-only tag silently fails or produces confusing errors.
+
+```swift
+// WRONG -- writes without checking status
+tag.writeNDEF(message) { error in
+    // May fail on read-only tags
+}
+
+// CORRECT -- check status first
+tag.queryNDEFStatus { status, capacity, error in
+    guard status == .readWrite else {
+        session.invalidate(errorMessage: "Tag is read-only.")
+        return
+    }
+    tag.writeNDEF(message) { error in
+        // Handle result
+    }
+}
+```
+
+## Review Checklist
+
+- [ ] NFC capability added in Signing & Capabilities
+- [ ] `NFCReaderUsageDescription` set in Info.plist
+- [ ] `com.apple.developer.nfc.readersession.formats` entitlement configured with correct tag types
+- [ ] `NFCNDEFReaderSession.readingAvailable` checked before creating sessions
+- [ ] Session delegate set before calling `begin()`
+- [ ] Session reference set to nil after invalidation
+- [ ] `didInvalidateWithError` distinguishes user cancellation from actual errors
+- [ ] NDEF status queried before write operations
+- [ ] Tag capacity checked before writing large messages
+- [ ] ISO 7816 application identifiers listed in Info.plist if using `NFCTagReaderSession`
+- [ ] Background tag reading configured with associated domains if needed
+- [ ] Only one reader session active at a time
+
+## References
+
+- Extended patterns (ISO 7816 commands, multi-tag scanning, NDEF locking): `references/nfc-patterns.md`
+- [Core NFC framework](https://sosumi.ai/documentation/corenfc)
+- [NFCNDEFReaderSession](https://sosumi.ai/documentation/corenfc/nfcndefreadersession)
+- [NFCTagReaderSession](https://sosumi.ai/documentation/corenfc/nfctagreadersession)
+- [NFCNDEFMessage](https://sosumi.ai/documentation/corenfc/nfcndefmessage)
+- [NFCNDEFPayload](https://sosumi.ai/documentation/corenfc/nfcndefpayload)
+- [NFCNDEFTag](https://sosumi.ai/documentation/corenfc/nfcndeftag)
+- [NFCNDEFReaderSessionDelegate](https://sosumi.ai/documentation/corenfc/nfcndefreadersessiondelegate)
+- [NFCTagReaderSessionDelegate](https://sosumi.ai/documentation/corenfc/nfctagreadersessiondelegate)
+- [Building an NFC Tag-Reader App](https://sosumi.ai/documentation/corenfc/building_an_nfc_tag-reader_app)
+- [Adding Support for Background Tag Reading](https://sosumi.ai/documentation/corenfc/adding-support-for-background-tag-reading)
+- [Near Field Communication Tag Reader Session Formats Entitlement](https://sosumi.ai/documentation/bundleresources/entitlements/com.apple.developer.nfc.readersession.formats)