@devo-bmad-custom/agent-orchestration 1.0.0

package/src/.agents/skills/ui-ux-pro-custom/data/swift-ios-skills/swiftui-performance/SKILL.md

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+---
+name: swiftui-performance
+description: "Audit and improve SwiftUI runtime performance. Use when diagnosing slow rendering, janky scrolling, high CPU, memory usage, excessive view updates, layout thrash, body evaluation cost, identity churn, view lifetime issues, lazy loading, Instruments profiling guidance, and performance audit requests."
+---
+
+# SwiftUI Performance
+
+## Contents
+
+- [Overview](#overview)
+- [Workflow Decision Tree](#workflow-decision-tree)
+- [1. Code-First Review](#1-code-first-review)
+- [2. Guide the User to Profile](#2-guide-the-user-to-profile)
+- [3. Analyze and Diagnose](#3-analyze-and-diagnose)
+- [4. Remediate](#4-remediate)
+- [Common Code Smells (and Fixes)](#common-code-smells-and-fixes)
+- [5. Verify](#5-verify)
+- [Outputs](#outputs)
+- [MCP Tool Notes](#mcp-tool-notes)
+- [Instruments Profiling](#instruments-profiling)
+- [Identity and Lifetime](#identity-and-lifetime)
+- [Lazy Loading Patterns](#lazy-loading-patterns)
+- [State and Observation Optimization](#state-and-observation-optimization)
+- [Common Mistakes](#common-mistakes)
+- [Review Checklist](#review-checklist)
+- [References](#references)
+
+## Overview
+
+Audit SwiftUI view performance end-to-end, from instrumentation and baselining to root-cause analysis and concrete remediation steps.
+
+## Workflow Decision Tree
+
+- If the user provides code, start with "Code-First Review."
+- If the user only describes symptoms, ask for minimal code/context, then do "Code-First Review."
+- If code review is inconclusive, go to "Guide the User to Profile" and ask for a trace or screenshots.
+
+## 1. Code-First Review
+
+Collect:
+- Target view/feature code.
+- Data flow: state, environment, observable models.
+- Symptoms and reproduction steps.
+
+Focus on:
+- View invalidation storms from broad state changes.
+- Unstable identity in lists (`id` churn, `UUID()` per render).
+- Top-level conditional view swapping (`if/else` returning different root branches).
+- Heavy work in `body` (formatting, sorting, image decoding).
+- Layout thrash (deep stacks, `GeometryReader`, preference chains).
+- Large images without downsampling or resizing.
+- Over-animated hierarchies (implicit animations on large trees).
+
+Provide:
+- Likely root causes with code references.
+- Suggested fixes and refactors.
+- If needed, a minimal repro or instrumentation suggestion.
+
+## 2. Guide the User to Profile
+
+Explain how to collect data with Instruments:
+- Use the SwiftUI template in Instruments (always profile a **Release build**).
+- Reproduce the exact interaction (scroll, navigation, animation).
+- Capture SwiftUI timeline and Time Profiler.
+- Export or screenshot the relevant lanes and the call tree.
+
+Ask for:
+- Trace export or screenshots of SwiftUI lanes + Time Profiler call tree.
+- Device/OS/build configuration.
+
+## 3. Analyze and Diagnose
+
+Prioritize likely SwiftUI culprits:
+- View invalidation storms from broad state changes.
+- Unstable identity in lists (`id` churn, `UUID()` per render).
+- Top-level conditional view swapping (`if/else` returning different root branches).
+- Heavy work in `body` (formatting, sorting, image decoding).
+- Layout thrash (deep stacks, `GeometryReader`, preference chains).
+- Large images without downsampling or resizing.
+- Over-animated hierarchies (implicit animations on large trees).
+
+Summarize findings with evidence from traces/logs.
+
+## 4. Remediate
+
+Apply targeted fixes:
+- Narrow state scope (`@State`/`@Observable` closer to leaf views).
+- Stabilize identities for `ForEach` and lists.
+- Move heavy work out of `body` (precompute, cache, `@State`).
+- Use `equatable()` or value wrappers for expensive subtrees.
+- Downsample images before rendering.
+- Reduce layout complexity or use fixed sizing where possible.
+
+## Common Code Smells (and Fixes)
+
+Look for these patterns during code review.
+
+### Expensive formatters in `body`
+
+```swift
+var body: some View {
+    let number = NumberFormatter() // slow allocation
+    let measure = MeasurementFormatter() // slow allocation
+    Text(measure.string(from: .init(value: meters, unit: .meters)))
+}
+```
+
+Prefer cached formatters in a model or a dedicated helper:
+
+```swift
+final class DistanceFormatter {
+    static let shared = DistanceFormatter()
+    let number = NumberFormatter()
+    let measure = MeasurementFormatter()
+}
+```
+
+### Computed properties that do heavy work
+
+```swift
+var filtered: [Item] {
+    items.filter { $0.isEnabled } // runs on every body eval
+}
+```
+
+Prefer precompute or cache on change:
+
+```swift
+@State private var filtered: [Item] = []
+// update filtered when inputs change
+```
+
+### Sorting/filtering in `body` or `ForEach`
+
+```swift
+// DON'T: sorts or filters on every body evaluation
+ForEach(items.sorted(by: sortRule)) { item in Row(item) }
+ForEach(items.filter { $0.isEnabled }) { item in Row(item) }
+```
+
+Prefer precomputed, cached collections with stable identity. Update on input change, not in `body`.
+
+### Unstable identity
+
+```swift
+ForEach(items, id: \.self) { item in
+    Row(item)
+}
+```
+
+Avoid `id: \.self` for non-stable values; use a stable ID.
+
+### Top-level conditional view swapping
+
+```swift
+var content: some View {
+    if isEditing {
+        editingView
+    } else {
+        readOnlyView
+    }
+}
+```
+
+Prefer one stable base view and localize conditions to sections/modifiers (for example inside `toolbar`, row content, `overlay`, or `disabled`). This reduces root identity churn and helps SwiftUI diffing stay efficient.
+
+### Image decoding on the main thread
+
+```swift
+Image(uiImage: UIImage(data: data)!)
+```
+
+Prefer decode/downsample off the main thread and store the result.
+
+### Broad dependencies in observable models
+
+```swift
+@Observable class Model {
+    var items: [Item] = []
+}
+
+var body: some View {
+    Row(isFavorite: model.items.contains(item))
+}
+```
+
+Prefer granular view models or per-item state to reduce update fan-out.
+
+## 5. Verify
+
+Ask the user to re-run the same capture and compare with baseline metrics.
+Summarize the delta (CPU, frame drops, memory peak) if provided.
+
+## Outputs
+
+Provide:
+- A short metrics table (before/after if available).
+- Top issues (ordered by impact).
+- Proposed fixes with estimated effort.
+
+## MCP Tool Notes
+
+- **xcodebuildmcp**: When building for profiling, use Release configuration. Debug builds include extra runtime checks that distort performance measurements. Always profile Release builds on a real device when possible.
+
+## Instruments Profiling
+
+### SwiftUI Instrument Template
+
+Instruments ships with a dedicated **SwiftUI** template (available in Xcode 15+ / Instruments 15+). This template provides:
+
+- **SwiftUI View Body** instrument -- counts how many times each view's `body` is evaluated.
+- **SwiftUI View Properties** instrument -- tracks `@State`, `@Binding`, and `@Observable` property changes that trigger view updates.
+- **Time Profiler** -- standard CPU profiler for identifying expensive `body` computations.
+- **Hangs** instrument -- flags main-thread hangs > 250ms.
+
+### Profiling Workflow
+
+1. **Build for Profiling.** Product > Profile (Cmd+I) in Xcode. This creates a Release build with profiling symbols.
+2. **Select the SwiftUI template.** Or create a custom template with SwiftUI + Time Profiler + Hangs.
+3. **Record the interaction.** Reproduce the exact scroll, navigation, or animation that is slow.
+4. **Inspect the SwiftUI lane.** Look for views with high body evaluation counts. A view evaluated hundreds of times during a single scroll is likely the bottleneck.
+5. **Cross-reference with Time Profiler.** If a view body is called often AND takes significant time per call, that is the priority fix.
+
+### View Body Evaluation Count
+
+In the SwiftUI instrument lane, each row represents a view type. Key signals:
+
+- **High count, low time per call:** Identity or state-invalidation problem (too many re-evaluations).
+- **Low count, high time per call:** Expensive computation inside `body` (formatting, sorting, image work).
+- **High count AND high time:** Both problems -- fix the expensive work first, then fix the invalidation.
+
+### Identifying Unnecessary Redraws
+
+Add `Self._printChanges()` in Debug builds to log exactly which property triggered a view update:
+
+```swift
+var body: some View {
+    #if DEBUG
+    let _ = Self._printChanges()  // prints: "MyView: @self, _count changed."
+    #endif
+    Text("Count: \(count)")
+}
+```
+
+Remove `_printChanges()` before submitting to the App Store -- it is a debug-only API.
+
+### Time Profiler for Body Hotspots
+
+When Time Profiler shows significant time in a view's `body`:
+
+1. Filter the call tree by the view type name.
+2. Look for allocations (`NumberFormatter()`, `DateFormatter()`), collection operations (`.sorted()`, `.filter()`), or image decoding.
+3. Move expensive operations to `onChange`, `task`, or precomputed `@State`.
+
+## Identity and Lifetime
+
+### Structural Identity vs Explicit Identity
+
+SwiftUI assigns every view an **identity** used to track its lifetime, state, and animations.
+
+- **Structural identity** (default): determined by the view's position in the view hierarchy. SwiftUI uses the call-site location in `body` to distinguish views.
+- **Explicit identity**: you assign with `.id(_:)` modifier or `ForEach(items, id: \.stableID)`.
+
+```swift
+// Structural identity: SwiftUI knows these are different views by position
+VStack {
+    Text("First")   // position 0
+    Text("Second")  // position 1
+}
+```
+
+### How Identity Tracks View Lifetime
+
+When a view's identity changes, SwiftUI treats it as a **new view**:
+
+- All `@State` is reset.
+- `onAppear` fires again.
+- Animations may restart.
+- Transition animations play (if defined).
+
+When identity stays the same, SwiftUI updates the **existing view** in place, preserving state and providing smooth transitions.
+
+### AnyView and Identity Reset
+
+`AnyView` erases type information, forcing SwiftUI to fall back to less efficient diffing:
+
+```swift
+// DON'T: AnyView destroys type identity
+func makeView(for item: Item) -> AnyView {
+    if item.isPremium {
+        return AnyView(PremiumRow(item: item))
+    } else {
+        return AnyView(StandardRow(item: item))
+    }
+}
+
+// DO: use @ViewBuilder to preserve structural identity
+@ViewBuilder
+func makeView(for item: Item) -> some View {
+    if item.isPremium {
+        PremiumRow(item: item)
+    } else {
+        StandardRow(item: item)
+    }
+}
+```
+
+`AnyView` also prevents SwiftUI from detecting which branch changed, causing full subtree replacement instead of targeted updates.
+
+### id() Modifier Impacts
+
+The `.id()` modifier assigns explicit identity. Changing the value **destroys and recreates** the view:
+
+```swift
+// DON'T: UUID() changes every render, destroying and recreating the view each time
+ScrollView {
+    LazyVStack {
+        ForEach(items) { item in
+            Row(item: item)
+                .id(UUID())  // kills performance -- new identity every render
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// DO: use a stable identifier
+ForEach(items) { item in
+    Row(item: item)
+        .id(item.stableID)  // identity only changes when the item actually changes
+}
+```
+
+Intentional `.id()` change is useful for **resetting state** (e.g., `.id(selectedTab)` to reset a scroll position when switching tabs).
+
+## Lazy Loading Patterns
+
+### LazyVStack and LazyHStack
+
+Lazy stacks only create views for items currently visible on screen. Off-screen items are not evaluated until scrolled into view.
+
+```swift
+ScrollView {
+    LazyVStack(spacing: 12) {
+        ForEach(items) { item in
+            ItemRow(item: item)
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+Key behaviors:
+- Views are created lazily but **not destroyed** when scrolled off screen (they remain in memory).
+- `onAppear` fires when the view first enters the visible area.
+- `onDisappear` fires when it leaves, but the view is still alive.
+
+### LazyVGrid and LazyHGrid
+
+Use lazy grids for multi-column layouts:
+
+```swift
+// Adaptive: as many columns as fit with minimum width
+let columns = [GridItem(.adaptive(minimum: 150))]
+
+ScrollView {
+    LazyVGrid(columns: columns, spacing: 16) {
+        ForEach(photos) { photo in
+            PhotoThumbnail(photo: photo)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Fixed: exact number of equal columns
+let fixedColumns = [
+    GridItem(.flexible()),
+    GridItem(.flexible()),
+    GridItem(.flexible()),
+]
+```
+
+### When to Use Lazy vs Eager Stacks
+
+| Scenario | Use |
+|----------|-----|
+| < 50 items | `VStack` / `HStack` (eager is fine) |
+| 50-100 items | Either works; prefer `Lazy` if items are complex |
+| > 100 items | `LazyVStack` / `LazyHStack` (required for performance) |
+| Always-visible content | `VStack` (no benefit to lazy) |
+| Scrollable lists | `LazyVStack` inside `ScrollView`, or `List` |
+
+**Important:** Do not nest `GeometryReader` inside lazy containers. It forces eager measurement and defeats lazy loading. Use `.onGeometryChange` (iOS 18+) instead.
+
+## State and Observation Optimization
+
+### @Observable Granular Tracking
+
+`@Observable` (Observation framework, iOS 17+) tracks property access at the **per-property level**. A view only re-evaluates when properties it actually read in `body` change:
+
+```swift
+@Observable class UserProfile {
+    var name: String = ""
+    var avatarURL: URL?
+    var biography: String = ""
+}
+
+// This view ONLY re-renders when `name` changes -- not when
+// biography or avatarURL change, because it only reads `name`
+struct NameLabel: View {
+    let profile: UserProfile
+    var body: some View {
+        Text(profile.name)
+    }
+}
+```
+
+This is a significant improvement over `ObservableObject` + `@Published`, which invalidates all observing views when **any** published property changes.
+
+### Avoiding Observation Scope Pollution
+
+If a view reads many properties from an `@Observable` model in `body`, it re-renders when **any** of those properties change. Push reads into child views to narrow the scope:
+
+```swift
+// DON'T: reads name, email, avatar, and settings in one body
+struct ProfileView: View {
+    let model: ProfileModel
+    var body: some View {
+        VStack {
+            Text(model.name)           // tracks name
+            Text(model.email)          // tracks email
+            AsyncImage(url: model.avatar) // tracks avatar
+            SettingsForm(model.settings)  // tracks settings
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// DO: split into child views so each only tracks what it reads
+struct ProfileView: View {
+    let model: ProfileModel
+    var body: some View {
+        VStack {
+            NameRow(model: model)      // only tracks name
+            EmailRow(model: model)     // only tracks email
+            AvatarView(model: model)   // only tracks avatar
+            SettingsForm(model: model) // only tracks settings
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Computed Properties for Derived State
+
+Use computed properties on `@Observable` models to derive state without introducing extra stored properties that widen observation scope:
+
+```swift
+@Observable class ShoppingCart {
+    var items: [CartItem] = []
+
+    // Views reading `total` only re-render when `items` changes
+    var total: Decimal {
+        items.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.price * Decimal($1.quantity) }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+## Common Mistakes
+
+1. **Profiling Debug builds.** Debug builds include extra runtime checks and disable optimizations, producing misleading perf data. Profile Release builds on a real device.
+2. **Observing an entire model when only one property is needed.** Break large `@Observable` models into focused ones, or use computed properties/closures to narrow observation scope.
+3. **Using `GeometryReader` inside ScrollView items.** GeometryReader forces eager sizing and defeats lazy loading. Prefer `.onGeometryChange` (iOS 18+) or measure outside the lazy container.
+4. **Calling `DateFormatter()` or `NumberFormatter()` inside `body`.** These are expensive to create. Make them static or move them outside the view.
+5. **Animating non-equatable state.** If SwiftUI cannot determine equality, it redraws every frame. Conform state to `Equatable` or use `.animation(_:value:)` with an explicit value.
+6. **Large flat `List` without identifiers.** Use `id:` or make items `Identifiable` so SwiftUI can diff efficiently instead of rebuilding the entire list.
+7. **Unnecessary `@State` wrapper objects.** Wrapping a simple value type in a class for `@State` defeats value semantics. Use plain `@State` with structs.
+8. **Blocking `MainActor` with synchronous I/O.** File reads, JSON parsing of large payloads, and image decoding should happen off the main actor. Use `Task.detached` or a custom actor.
+
+## Review Checklist
+
+- [ ] No `DateFormatter`/`NumberFormatter` allocations inside `body`
+- [ ] Large lists use `Identifiable` items or explicit `id:`
+- [ ] `@Observable` models expose only the properties views actually read
+- [ ] Heavy computation is off `MainActor` (image processing, parsing)
+- [ ] `GeometryReader` is not inside a `LazyVStack`/`LazyHStack`/`List`
+- [ ] Animations use explicit `value:` parameter
+- [ ] No synchronous network/file I/O on the main thread
+- [ ] Profiling done on Release build, real device
+- [ ] `@Observable` view models are `@MainActor`-isolated; types crossing concurrency boundaries are `Sendable`
+
+## References
+
+- Demystify SwiftUI performance (WWDC23): `references/demystify-swiftui-performance-wwdc23.md`
+- Optimizing SwiftUI performance with Instruments: `references/optimizing-swiftui-performance-instruments.md`
+- Understanding hangs in your app: `references/understanding-hangs-in-your-app.md`
+- Understanding and improving SwiftUI performance: `references/understanding-improving-swiftui-performance.md`

package/src/.agents/skills/ui-ux-pro-custom/data/swift-ios-skills/swiftui-performance/references/demystify-swiftui-performance-wwdc23.md

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+# Demystify SwiftUI Performance (WWDC23) (Summary)
+
+Context: WWDC23 session on building a mental model for SwiftUI performance and triaging hangs/hitches.
+
+## Performance loop
+
+- Measure -> Identify -> Optimize -> Re-measure.
+- Focus on concrete symptoms (slow navigation, broken animations, spinning cursor).
+
+## Dependencies and updates
+
+- Views form a dependency graph; dynamic properties are a frequent source of updates.
+- Use `Self._printChanges()` in debug only to inspect extra dependencies.
+- Eliminate unnecessary dependencies by extracting views or narrowing state.
+- Consider `@Observable` for more granular property tracking.
+
+## Common causes of slow updates
+
+- Expensive view bodies (string interpolation, filtering, formatting).
+- Dynamic property instantiation and state initialization in `body`.
+- Slow identity resolution in lists/tables.
+- Hidden work: bundle lookups, heap allocations, repeated string construction.
+
+## Avoid slow initialization in view bodies
+
+- Don't create heavy models synchronously in view bodies.
+- Use `.task` to fetch async data and keep `init` lightweight.
+
+## Lists and tables identity rules
+
+- Stable identity is critical for performance and animation.
+- Ensure a constant number of views per element in `ForEach`.
+- Avoid inline filtering in `ForEach`; pre-filter and cache collections.
+- Avoid `AnyView` in list rows; it hides identity and increases cost.
+- Flatten nested `ForEach` when possible to reduce overhead.
+
+## Table specifics
+
+- `TableRow` resolves to a single row; row count must be constant.
+- Prefer the streamlined `Table` initializer to enforce constant rows.
+- Use explicit IDs for back deployment when needed.
+
+## Debugging aids
+
+- Use Instruments for hangs and hitches.
+- Use `_printChanges` to validate dependency assumptions during debug.

package/src/.agents/skills/ui-ux-pro-custom/data/swift-ios-skills/swiftui-performance/references/optimizing-swiftui-performance-instruments.md

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+# Optimizing SwiftUI Performance with Instruments (Summary)
+
+Context: WWDC session introducing the next-generation SwiftUI Instrument in Instruments 26 and how to diagnose SwiftUI-specific bottlenecks.
+
+## Key takeaways
+
+- Profile SwiftUI issues with the SwiftUI template (SwiftUI instrument + Time Profiler + Hangs/Hitches).
+- Long view body updates are a common bottleneck; use "Long View Body Updates" to identify slow bodies.
+- Set inspection range on a long update and correlate with Time Profiler to find expensive frames.
+- Keep work out of `body`: move formatting, sorting, image decoding, and other expensive work into cached or precomputed paths.
+- Use Cause & Effect Graph to diagnose *why* updates occur; SwiftUI is declarative, so backtraces are often unhelpful.
+- Avoid broad dependencies that trigger many updates (e.g., `@Observable` arrays or global environment reads).
+- Prefer granular view models and scoped state so only the affected view updates.
+- Environment values update checks still cost time; avoid placing fast-changing values (timers, geometry) in environment.
+- Profile early and often during feature development to catch regressions.
+
+## Suggested workflow (condensed)
+
+1. Record a trace in Release mode using the SwiftUI template.
+2. Inspect "Long View Body Updates" and "Other Long Updates."
+3. Zoom into a long update, then inspect Time Profiler for hot frames.
+4. Fix slow body work by moving heavy logic into precomputed/cache paths.
+5. Use Cause & Effect Graph to identify unintended update fan-out.
+6. Re-record and compare the update counts and hitch frequency.
+
+## Example patterns from the session
+
+- Caching formatted distance strings in a location manager instead of computing in `body`.
+- Replacing a dependency on a global favorites array with per-item view models to reduce update fan-out.

package/src/.agents/skills/ui-ux-pro-custom/data/swift-ios-skills/swiftui-performance/references/understanding-hangs-in-your-app.md

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+# Understanding Hangs in Your App (Summary)
+
+Context: Apple guidance on identifying hangs caused by long-running main-thread work and understanding the main run loop.
+
+## Key concepts
+
+- A hang is a noticeable delay in a discrete interaction (typically >100 ms).
+- Hangs almost always come from long-running work on the main thread.
+- The main run loop processes UI events, timers, and main-queue work sequentially.
+
+## Main-thread work stages
+
+- Event delivery to the correct view/handler.
+- Your code: state updates, data fetch, UI changes.
+- Core Animation commit to the render server.
+
+## Why the main run loop matters
+
+- Only the main thread can update UI safely.
+- The run loop is the foundation that executes main-queue work.
+- If the run loop is busy, it can't handle new events; this causes hangs.
+
+## Diagnosing hangs
+
+- Observe the main run loop's busy periods: healthy loops sleep most of the time.
+- Hang detection typically flags busy periods >250 ms.
+- The Hangs instrument can be configured to lower thresholds.
+
+## Practical takeaways
+
+- Keep main-thread work short; offload heavy work from event handlers.
+- Avoid long-running tasks on the main dispatch queue or main actor.
+- Use run loop behavior as a proxy for user-perceived responsiveness.

package/src/.agents/skills/ui-ux-pro-custom/data/swift-ios-skills/swiftui-performance/references/understanding-improving-swiftui-performance.md

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+# Understanding and Improving SwiftUI Performance (Summary)
+
+Context: Apple guidance on diagnosing SwiftUI performance with Instruments and applying design patterns to reduce long or frequent updates.
+
+## Core concepts
+
+- SwiftUI is declarative; view updates are driven by state, environment, and observable data dependencies.
+- View bodies must compute quickly to meet frame deadlines; slow or frequent updates lead to hitches.
+- Instruments is the primary tool to find long-running updates and excessive update frequency.
+
+## Instruments workflow
+
+1. Profile via Product > Profile.
+2. Choose the SwiftUI template and record.
+3. Exercise the target interaction.
+4. Stop recording and inspect the SwiftUI track + Time Profiler.
+
+## SwiftUI timeline lanes
+
+- Update Groups: overview of time SwiftUI spends calculating updates.
+- Long View Body Updates: orange >500us, red >1000us.
+- Long Platform View Updates: AppKit/UIKit hosting in SwiftUI.
+- Other Long Updates: geometry/text/layout and other SwiftUI work.
+- Hitches: frame misses where UI wasn't ready in time.
+
+## Diagnose long view body updates
+
+- Expand the SwiftUI track; inspect module-specific subtracks.
+- Set Inspection Range and correlate with Time Profiler.
+- Use call tree or flame graph to identify expensive frames.
+- Repeat the update to gather enough samples for analysis.
+- Filter to a specific update (Show Calls Made by `MySwiftUIView.body`).
+
+## Diagnose frequent updates
+
+- Use Update Groups to find long active groups without long updates.
+- Set inspection range on the group and analyze update counts.
+- Use Cause graph ("Show Causes") to see what triggers updates.
+- Compare causes with expected data flow; prioritize the highest-frequency causes.
+
+## Remediation patterns
+
+- Move expensive work out of `body` and cache results.
+- Use `Observable()` macro to scope dependencies to properties actually read.
+- Avoid broad dependencies that fan out updates to many views.
+- Reduce layout churn; isolate state-dependent subtrees from layout readers.
+- Avoid storing closures that capture parent state; precompute child views.
+- Gate frequent updates (e.g., geometry changes) by thresholds.
+
+## Verification
+
+- Re-record after changes to confirm reduced update counts and fewer hitches.