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@devo-bmad-custom/agent-orchestration 1.0.0

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package/src/.agents/skills/nextjs-app-router-patterns/SKILL.md ADDED Viewed

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+---
+name: nextjs-app-router-patterns
+description: Master Next.js 14+ App Router with Server Components, streaming, parallel routes, and advanced data fetching. Use when building Next.js applications, implementing SSR/SSG, or optimizing React Server Components.
+---
+# Next.js App Router Patterns
+Comprehensive patterns for Next.js 14+ App Router architecture, Server Components, and modern full-stack React development.
+## When to Use This Skill
+- Building new Next.js applications with App Router
+- Migrating from Pages Router to App Router
+- Implementing Server Components and streaming
+- Setting up parallel and intercepting routes
+- Optimizing data fetching and caching
+- Building full-stack features with Server Actions
+## Core Concepts
+### 1. Rendering Modes
+| Mode                  | Where        | When to Use                               |
+| --------------------- | ------------ | ----------------------------------------- |
+| **Server Components** | Server only  | Data fetching, heavy computation, secrets |
+| **Client Components** | Browser      | Interactivity, hooks, browser APIs        |
+| **Static**            | Build time   | Content that rarely changes               |
+| **Dynamic**           | Request time | Personalized or real-time data            |
+| **Streaming**         | Progressive  | Large pages, slow data sources            |
+### 2. File Conventions
+```
+app/
+├── layout.tsx       # Shared UI wrapper
+├── page.tsx         # Route UI
+├── loading.tsx      # Loading UI (Suspense)
+├── error.tsx        # Error boundary
+├── not-found.tsx    # 404 UI
+├── route.ts         # API endpoint
+├── template.tsx     # Re-mounted layout
+├── default.tsx      # Parallel route fallback
+└── opengraph-image.tsx  # OG image generation
+```
+## Quick Start
+```typescript
+// app/layout.tsx
+import { Inter } from 'next/font/google'
+import { Providers } from './providers'
+const inter = Inter({ subsets: ['latin'] })
+export const metadata = {
+  title: { default: 'My App', template: '%s | My App' },
+  description: 'Built with Next.js App Router',
+}
+export default function RootLayout({
+  children,
+}: {
+  children: React.ReactNode
+}) {
+  return (
+    <html lang="en" suppressHydrationWarning>
+      <body className={inter.className}>
+        <Providers>{children}</Providers>
+      </body>
+    </html>
+  )
+}
+// app/page.tsx - Server Component by default
+async function getProducts() {
+  const res = await fetch('https://api.example.com/products', {
+    next: { revalidate: 3600 }, // ISR: revalidate every hour
+  })
+  return res.json()
+}
+export default async function HomePage() {
+  const products = await getProducts()
+  return (
+    <main>
+      <h1>Products</h1>
+      <ProductGrid products={products} />
+    </main>
+  )
+}
+```
+## Patterns
+### Pattern 1: Server Components with Data Fetching
+```typescript
+// app/products/page.tsx
+import { Suspense } from 'react'
+import { ProductList, ProductListSkeleton } from '@/components/products'
+import { FilterSidebar } from '@/components/filters'
+interface SearchParams {
+  category?: string
+  sort?: 'price' | 'name' | 'date'
+  page?: string
+}
+export default async function ProductsPage({
+  searchParams,
+}: {
+  searchParams: Promise<SearchParams>
+}) {
+  const params = await searchParams
+  return (
+    <div className="flex gap-8">
+      <FilterSidebar />
+      <Suspense
+        key={JSON.stringify(params)}
+        fallback={<ProductListSkeleton />}
+      >
+        <ProductList
+          category={params.category}
+          sort={params.sort}
+          page={Number(params.page) || 1}
+        />
+      </Suspense>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+// components/products/ProductList.tsx - Server Component
+async function getProducts(filters: ProductFilters) {
+  const res = await fetch(
+    `${process.env.API_URL}/products?${new URLSearchParams(filters)}`,
+    { next: { tags: ['products'] } }
+  )
+  if (!res.ok) throw new Error('Failed to fetch products')
+  return res.json()
+}
+export async function ProductList({ category, sort, page }: ProductFilters) {
+  const { products, totalPages } = await getProducts({ category, sort, page })
+  return (
+    <div>
+      <div className="grid grid-cols-3 gap-4">
+        {products.map((product) => (
+          <ProductCard key={product.id} product={product} />
+        ))}
+      </div>
+      <Pagination currentPage={page} totalPages={totalPages} />
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+```
+### Pattern 2: Client Components with 'use client'
+```typescript
+// components/products/AddToCartButton.tsx
+'use client'
+import { useState, useTransition } from 'react'
+import { addToCart } from '@/app/actions/cart'
+export function AddToCartButton({ productId }: { productId: string }) {
+  const [isPending, startTransition] = useTransition()
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null)
+  const handleClick = () => {
+    setError(null)
+    startTransition(async () => {
+      const result = await addToCart(productId)
+      if (result.error) {
+        setError(result.error)
+      }
+    })
+  }
+  return (
+    <div>
+      <button
+        onClick={handleClick}
+        disabled={isPending}
+        className="btn-primary"
+      >
+        {isPending ? 'Adding...' : 'Add to Cart'}
+      </button>
+      {error && <p className="text-red-500 text-sm">{error}</p>}
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+```
+### Pattern 3: Server Actions
+```typescript
+// app/actions/cart.ts
+"use server";
+import { revalidateTag } from "next/cache";
+import { cookies } from "next/headers";
+import { redirect } from "next/navigation";
+export async function addToCart(productId: string) {
+  const cookieStore = await cookies();
+  const sessionId = cookieStore.get("session")?.value;
+  if (!sessionId) {
+    redirect("/login");
+  }
+  try {
+    await db.cart.upsert({
+      where: { sessionId_productId: { sessionId, productId } },
+      update: { quantity: { increment: 1 } },
+      create: { sessionId, productId, quantity: 1 },
+    });
+    revalidateTag("cart");
+    return { success: true };
+  } catch (error) {
+    return { error: "Failed to add item to cart" };
+  }
+}
+export async function checkout(formData: FormData) {
+  const address = formData.get("address") as string;
+  const payment = formData.get("payment") as string;
+  // Validate
+  if (!address || !payment) {
+    return { error: "Missing required fields" };
+  }
+  // Process order
+  const order = await processOrder({ address, payment });
+  // Redirect to confirmation
+  redirect(`/orders/${order.id}/confirmation`);
+}
+```
+### Pattern 4: Parallel Routes
+```typescript
+// app/dashboard/layout.tsx
+export default function DashboardLayout({
+  children,
+  analytics,
+  team,
+}: {
+  children: React.ReactNode
+  analytics: React.ReactNode
+  team: React.ReactNode
+}) {
+  return (
+    <div className="dashboard-grid">
+      <main>{children}</main>
+      <aside className="analytics-panel">{analytics}</aside>
+      <aside className="team-panel">{team}</aside>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+// app/dashboard/@analytics/page.tsx
+export default async function AnalyticsSlot() {
+  const stats = await getAnalytics()
+  return <AnalyticsChart data={stats} />
+}
+// app/dashboard/@analytics/loading.tsx
+export default function AnalyticsLoading() {
+  return <ChartSkeleton />
+}
+// app/dashboard/@team/page.tsx
+export default async function TeamSlot() {
+  const members = await getTeamMembers()
+  return <TeamList members={members} />
+}
+```
+### Pattern 5: Intercepting Routes (Modal Pattern)
+```typescript
+// File structure for photo modal
+// app/
+// ├── @modal/
+// │   ├── (.)photos/[id]/page.tsx  # Intercept
+// │   └── default.tsx
+// ├── photos/
+// │   └── [id]/page.tsx            # Full page
+// └── layout.tsx
+// app/@modal/(.)photos/[id]/page.tsx
+import { Modal } from '@/components/Modal'
+import { PhotoDetail } from '@/components/PhotoDetail'
+export default async function PhotoModal({
+  params,
+}: {
+  params: Promise<{ id: string }>
+}) {
+  const { id } = await params
+  const photo = await getPhoto(id)
+  return (
+    <Modal>
+      <PhotoDetail photo={photo} />
+    </Modal>
+  )
+}
+// app/photos/[id]/page.tsx - Full page version
+export default async function PhotoPage({
+  params,
+}: {
+  params: Promise<{ id: string }>
+}) {
+  const { id } = await params
+  const photo = await getPhoto(id)
+  return (
+    <div className="photo-page">
+      <PhotoDetail photo={photo} />
+      <RelatedPhotos photoId={id} />
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+// app/layout.tsx
+export default function RootLayout({
+  children,
+  modal,
+}: {
+  children: React.ReactNode
+  modal: React.ReactNode
+}) {
+  return (
+    <html>
+      <body>
+        {children}
+        {modal}
+      </body>
+    </html>
+  )
+}
+```
+### Pattern 6: Streaming with Suspense
+```typescript
+// app/product/[id]/page.tsx
+import { Suspense } from 'react'
+export default async function ProductPage({
+  params,
+}: {
+  params: Promise<{ id: string }>
+}) {
+  const { id } = await params
+  // This data loads first (blocking)
+  const product = await getProduct(id)
+  return (
+    <div>
+      {/* Immediate render */}
+      <ProductHeader product={product} />
+      {/* Stream in reviews */}
+      <Suspense fallback={<ReviewsSkeleton />}>
+        <Reviews productId={id} />
+      </Suspense>
+      {/* Stream in recommendations */}
+      <Suspense fallback={<RecommendationsSkeleton />}>
+        <Recommendations productId={id} />
+      </Suspense>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+// These components fetch their own data
+async function Reviews({ productId }: { productId: string }) {
+  const reviews = await getReviews(productId) // Slow API
+  return <ReviewList reviews={reviews} />
+}
+async function Recommendations({ productId }: { productId: string }) {
+  const products = await getRecommendations(productId) // ML-based, slow
+  return <ProductCarousel products={products} />
+}
+```
+### Pattern 7: Route Handlers (API Routes)
+```typescript
+// app/api/products/route.ts
+import { NextRequest, NextResponse } from "next/server";
+export async function GET(request: NextRequest) {
+  const searchParams = request.nextUrl.searchParams;
+  const category = searchParams.get("category");
+  const products = await db.product.findMany({
+    where: category ? { category } : undefined,
+    take: 20,
+  });
+  return NextResponse.json(products);
+}
+export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
+  const body = await request.json();
+  const product = await db.product.create({
+    data: body,
+  });
+  return NextResponse.json(product, { status: 201 });
+}
+// app/api/products/[id]/route.ts
+export async function GET(
+  request: NextRequest,
+  { params }: { params: Promise<{ id: string }> },
+) {
+  const { id } = await params;
+  const product = await db.product.findUnique({ where: { id } });
+  if (!product) {
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: "Product not found" }, { status: 404 });
+  }
+  return NextResponse.json(product);
+}
+```
+### Pattern 8: Metadata and SEO
+```typescript
+// app/products/[slug]/page.tsx
+import { Metadata } from 'next'
+import { notFound } from 'next/navigation'
+type Props = {
+  params: Promise<{ slug: string }>
+}
+export async function generateMetadata({ params }: Props): Promise<Metadata> {
+  const { slug } = await params
+  const product = await getProduct(slug)
+  if (!product) return {}
+  return {
+    title: product.name,
+    description: product.description,
+    openGraph: {
+      title: product.name,
+      description: product.description,
+      images: [{ url: product.image, width: 1200, height: 630 }],
+    },
+    twitter: {
+      card: 'summary_large_image',
+      title: product.name,
+      description: product.description,
+      images: [product.image],
+    },
+  }
+}
+export async function generateStaticParams() {
+  const products = await db.product.findMany({ select: { slug: true } })
+  return products.map((p) => ({ slug: p.slug }))
+}
+export default async function ProductPage({ params }: Props) {
+  const { slug } = await params
+  const product = await getProduct(slug)
+  if (!product) notFound()
+  return <ProductDetail product={product} />
+}
+```
+## Caching Strategies
+### Data Cache
+```typescript
+// No cache (always fresh)
+fetch(url, { cache: "no-store" });
+// Cache forever (static)
+fetch(url, { cache: "force-cache" });
+// ISR - revalidate after 60 seconds
+fetch(url, { next: { revalidate: 60 } });
+// Tag-based invalidation
+fetch(url, { next: { tags: ["products"] } });
+// Invalidate via Server Action
+("use server");
+import { revalidateTag, revalidatePath } from "next/cache";
+export async function updateProduct(id: string, data: ProductData) {
+  await db.product.update({ where: { id }, data });
+  revalidateTag("products");
+  revalidatePath("/products");
+}
+```
+## Best Practices
+### Do's
+- **Start with Server Components** - Add 'use client' only when needed
+- **Colocate data fetching** - Fetch data where it's used
+- **Use Suspense boundaries** - Enable streaming for slow data
+- **Leverage parallel routes** - Independent loading states
+- **Use Server Actions** - For mutations with progressive enhancement
+### Don'ts
+- **Don't pass serializable data** - Server → Client boundary limitations
+- **Don't use hooks in Server Components** - No useState, useEffect
+- **Don't fetch in Client Components** - Use Server Components or React Query
+- **Don't over-nest layouts** - Each layout adds to the component tree
+- **Don't ignore loading states** - Always provide loading.tsx or Suspense