@devo-bmad-custom/agent-orchestration 1.0.0

package/src/.agents/skills/next-best-practices/SKILL.md

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+---
+name: next-best-practices
+description: Next.js best practices - file conventions, RSC boundaries, data patterns, async APIs, metadata, error handling, route handlers, image/font optimization, bundling
+user-invocable: false
+---
+
+# Next.js Best Practices
+
+Apply these rules when writing or reviewing Next.js code.
+
+## File Conventions
+
+See [file-conventions.md](./file-conventions.md) for:
+- Project structure and special files
+- Route segments (dynamic, catch-all, groups)
+- Parallel and intercepting routes
+- Middleware rename in v16 (middleware → proxy)
+
+## RSC Boundaries
+
+Detect invalid React Server Component patterns.
+
+See [rsc-boundaries.md](./rsc-boundaries.md) for:
+- Async client component detection (invalid)
+- Non-serializable props detection
+- Server Action exceptions
+
+## Async Patterns
+
+Next.js 15+ async API changes.
+
+See [async-patterns.md](./async-patterns.md) for:
+- Async `params` and `searchParams`
+- Async `cookies()` and `headers()`
+- Migration codemod
+
+## Runtime Selection
+
+See [runtime-selection.md](./runtime-selection.md) for:
+- Default to Node.js runtime
+- When Edge runtime is appropriate
+
+## Directives
+
+See [directives.md](./directives.md) for:
+- `'use client'`, `'use server'` (React)
+- `'use cache'` (Next.js)
+
+## Functions
+
+See [functions.md](./functions.md) for:
+- Navigation hooks: `useRouter`, `usePathname`, `useSearchParams`, `useParams`
+- Server functions: `cookies`, `headers`, `draftMode`, `after`
+- Generate functions: `generateStaticParams`, `generateMetadata`
+
+## Error Handling
+
+See [error-handling.md](./error-handling.md) for:
+- `error.tsx`, `global-error.tsx`, `not-found.tsx`
+- `redirect`, `permanentRedirect`, `notFound`
+- `forbidden`, `unauthorized` (auth errors)
+- `unstable_rethrow` for catch blocks
+
+## Data Patterns
+
+See [data-patterns.md](./data-patterns.md) for:
+- Server Components vs Server Actions vs Route Handlers
+- Avoiding data waterfalls (`Promise.all`, Suspense, preload)
+- Client component data fetching
+
+## Route Handlers
+
+See [route-handlers.md](./route-handlers.md) for:
+- `route.ts` basics
+- GET handler conflicts with `page.tsx`
+- Environment behavior (no React DOM)
+- When to use vs Server Actions
+
+## Metadata & OG Images
+
+See [metadata.md](./metadata.md) for:
+- Static and dynamic metadata
+- `generateMetadata` function
+- OG image generation with `next/og`
+- File-based metadata conventions
+
+## Image Optimization
+
+See [image.md](./image.md) for:
+- Always use `next/image` over `<img>`
+- Remote images configuration
+- Responsive `sizes` attribute
+- Blur placeholders
+- Priority loading for LCP
+
+## Font Optimization
+
+See [font.md](./font.md) for:
+- `next/font` setup
+- Google Fonts, local fonts
+- Tailwind CSS integration
+- Preloading subsets
+
+## Bundling
+
+See [bundling.md](./bundling.md) for:
+- Server-incompatible packages
+- CSS imports (not link tags)
+- Polyfills (already included)
+- ESM/CommonJS issues
+- Bundle analysis
+
+## Scripts
+
+See [scripts.md](./scripts.md) for:
+- `next/script` vs native script tags
+- Inline scripts need `id`
+- Loading strategies
+- Google Analytics with `@next/third-parties`
+
+## Hydration Errors
+
+See [hydration-error.md](./hydration-error.md) for:
+- Common causes (browser APIs, dates, invalid HTML)
+- Debugging with error overlay
+- Fixes for each cause
+
+## Suspense Boundaries
+
+See [suspense-boundaries.md](./suspense-boundaries.md) for:
+- CSR bailout with `useSearchParams` and `usePathname`
+- Which hooks require Suspense boundaries
+
+## Parallel & Intercepting Routes
+
+See [parallel-routes.md](./parallel-routes.md) for:
+- Modal patterns with `@slot` and `(.)` interceptors
+- `default.tsx` for fallbacks
+- Closing modals correctly with `router.back()`
+
+## Self-Hosting
+
+See [self-hosting.md](./self-hosting.md) for:
+- `output: 'standalone'` for Docker
+- Cache handlers for multi-instance ISR
+- What works vs needs extra setup
+
+## Debug Tricks
+
+See [debug-tricks.md](./debug-tricks.md) for:
+- MCP endpoint for AI-assisted debugging
+- Rebuild specific routes with `--debug-build-paths`
+

package/src/.agents/skills/next-best-practices/async-patterns.md

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+# Async Patterns
+
+In Next.js 15+, `params`, `searchParams`, `cookies()`, and `headers()` are asynchronous.
+
+## Async Params and SearchParams
+
+Always type them as `Promise<...>` and await them.
+
+### Pages and Layouts
+
+```tsx
+type Props = { params: Promise<{ slug: string }> }
+
+export default async function Page({ params }: Props) {
+  const { slug } = await params
+}
+```
+
+### Route Handlers
+
+```tsx
+export async function GET(
+  request: Request,
+  { params }: { params: Promise<{ id: string }> }
+) {
+  const { id } = await params
+}
+```
+
+### SearchParams
+
+```tsx
+type Props = {
+  params: Promise<{ slug: string }>
+  searchParams: Promise<{ query?: string }>
+}
+
+export default async function Page({ params, searchParams }: Props) {
+  const { slug } = await params
+  const { query } = await searchParams
+}
+```
+
+### Synchronous Components
+
+Use `React.use()` for non-async components:
+
+```tsx
+import { use } from 'react'
+
+type Props = { params: Promise<{ slug: string }> }
+
+export default function Page({ params }: Props) {
+  const { slug } = use(params)
+}
+```
+
+### generateMetadata
+
+```tsx
+type Props = { params: Promise<{ slug: string }> }
+
+export async function generateMetadata({ params }: Props): Promise<Metadata> {
+  const { slug } = await params
+  return { title: slug }
+}
+```
+
+## Async Cookies and Headers
+
+```tsx
+import { cookies, headers } from 'next/headers'
+
+export default async function Page() {
+  const cookieStore = await cookies()
+  const headersList = await headers()
+
+  const theme = cookieStore.get('theme')
+  const userAgent = headersList.get('user-agent')
+}
+```
+
+## Migration Codemod
+
+```bash
+npx @next/codemod@latest next-async-request-api .
+```

package/src/.agents/skills/next-best-practices/bundling.md

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+# Bundling
+
+Fix common bundling issues with third-party packages.
+
+## Server-Incompatible Packages
+
+Some packages use browser APIs (`window`, `document`, `localStorage`) and fail in Server Components.
+
+### Error Signs
+
+```
+ReferenceError: window is not defined
+ReferenceError: document is not defined
+ReferenceError: localStorage is not defined
+Module not found: Can't resolve 'fs'
+```
+
+### Solution 1: Mark as Client-Only
+
+If the package is only needed on client:
+
+```tsx
+// Bad: Fails - package uses window
+import SomeChart from 'some-chart-library'
+
+export default function Page() {
+  return <SomeChart />
+}
+
+// Good: Use dynamic import with ssr: false
+import dynamic from 'next/dynamic'
+
+const SomeChart = dynamic(() => import('some-chart-library'), {
+  ssr: false,
+})
+
+export default function Page() {
+  return <SomeChart />
+}
+```
+
+### Solution 2: Externalize from Server Bundle
+
+For packages that should run on server but have bundling issues:
+
+```js
+// next.config.js
+module.exports = {
+  serverExternalPackages: ['problematic-package'],
+}
+```
+
+Use this for:
+- Packages with native bindings (sharp, bcrypt)
+- Packages that don't bundle well (some ORMs)
+- Packages with circular dependencies
+
+### Solution 3: Client Component Wrapper
+
+Wrap the entire usage in a client component:
+
+```tsx
+// components/ChartWrapper.tsx
+'use client'
+
+import { Chart } from 'chart-library'
+
+export function ChartWrapper(props) {
+  return <Chart {...props} />
+}
+
+// app/page.tsx (server component)
+import { ChartWrapper } from '@/components/ChartWrapper'
+
+export default function Page() {
+  return <ChartWrapper data={data} />
+}
+```
+
+## CSS Imports
+
+Import CSS files instead of using `<link>` tags. Next.js handles bundling and optimization.
+
+```tsx
+// Bad: Manual link tag
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="/styles.css" />
+
+// Good: Import CSS
+import './styles.css'
+
+// Good: CSS Modules
+import styles from './Button.module.css'
+```
+
+## Polyfills
+
+Next.js includes common polyfills automatically. Don't load redundant ones from polyfill.io or similar CDNs.
+
+Already included: `Array.from`, `Object.assign`, `Promise`, `fetch`, `Map`, `Set`, `Symbol`, `URLSearchParams`, and 50+ others.
+
+```tsx
+// Bad: Redundant polyfills
+<script src="https://polyfill.io/v3/polyfill.min.js?features=fetch,Promise,Array.from" />
+
+// Good: Next.js includes these automatically
+```
+
+## ESM/CommonJS Issues
+
+### Error Signs
+
+```
+SyntaxError: Cannot use import statement outside a module
+Error: require() of ES Module
+Module not found: ESM packages need to be imported
+```
+
+### Solution: Transpile Package
+
+```js
+// next.config.js
+module.exports = {
+  transpilePackages: ['some-esm-package', 'another-package'],
+}
+```
+
+## Common Problematic Packages
+
+| Package | Issue | Solution |
+|---------|-------|----------|
+| `sharp` | Native bindings | `serverExternalPackages: ['sharp']` |
+| `bcrypt` | Native bindings | `serverExternalPackages: ['bcrypt']` or use `bcryptjs` |
+| `canvas` | Native bindings | `serverExternalPackages: ['canvas']` |
+| `recharts` | Uses window | `dynamic(() => import('recharts'), { ssr: false })` |
+| `react-quill` | Uses document | `dynamic(() => import('react-quill'), { ssr: false })` |
+| `mapbox-gl` | Uses window | `dynamic(() => import('mapbox-gl'), { ssr: false })` |
+| `monaco-editor` | Uses window | `dynamic(() => import('@monaco-editor/react'), { ssr: false })` |
+| `lottie-web` | Uses document | `dynamic(() => import('lottie-react'), { ssr: false })` |
+
+## Bundle Analysis
+
+Analyze bundle size with the built-in analyzer (Next.js 16.1+):
+
+```bash
+next experimental-analyze
+```
+
+This opens an interactive UI to:
+- Filter by route, environment (client/server), and type
+- Inspect module sizes and import chains
+- View treemap visualization
+
+Save output for comparison:
+
+```bash
+next experimental-analyze --output
+# Output saved to .next/diagnostics/analyze
+```
+
+Reference: https://nextjs.org/docs/app/guides/package-bundling
+
+## Migrating from Webpack to Turbopack
+
+Turbopack is the default bundler in Next.js 15+. If you have custom webpack config, migrate to Turbopack-compatible alternatives:
+
+```js
+// next.config.js
+module.exports = {
+  // Good: Works with Turbopack
+  serverExternalPackages: ['package'],
+  transpilePackages: ['package'],
+
+  // Bad: Webpack-only - migrate away from this
+  webpack: (config) => {
+    // custom webpack config
+  },
+}
+```
+
+Reference: https://nextjs.org/docs/app/building-your-application/upgrading/from-webpack-to-turbopack

package/src/.agents/skills/next-best-practices/data-patterns.md

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+# Data Patterns
+
+Choose the right data fetching pattern for each use case.
+
+## Decision Tree
+
+```
+Need to fetch data?
+├── From a Server Component?
+│   └── Use: Fetch directly (no API needed)
+│
+├── From a Client Component?
+│   ├── Is it a mutation (POST/PUT/DELETE)?
+│   │   └── Use: Server Action
+│   └── Is it a read (GET)?
+│       └── Use: Route Handler OR pass from Server Component
+│
+├── Need external API access (webhooks, third parties)?
+│   └── Use: Route Handler
+│
+└── Need REST API for mobile app / external clients?
+    └── Use: Route Handler
+```
+
+## Pattern 1: Server Components (Preferred for Reads)
+
+Fetch data directly in Server Components - no API layer needed.
+
+```tsx
+// app/users/page.tsx
+async function UsersPage() {
+  // Direct database access - no API round-trip
+  const users = await db.user.findMany();
+
+  // Or fetch from external API
+  const posts = await fetch('https://api.example.com/posts').then(r => r.json());
+
+  return (
+    <ul>
+      {users.map(user => <li key={user.id}>{user.name}</li>)}
+    </ul>
+  );
+}
+```
+
+**Benefits**:
+- No API to maintain
+- No client-server waterfall
+- Secrets stay on server
+- Direct database access
+
+## Pattern 2: Server Actions (Preferred for Mutations)
+
+Server Actions are the recommended way to handle mutations.
+
+```tsx
+// app/actions.ts
+'use server';
+
+import { revalidatePath } from 'next/cache';
+
+export async function createPost(formData: FormData) {
+  const title = formData.get('title') as string;
+
+  await db.post.create({ data: { title } });
+
+  revalidatePath('/posts');
+}
+
+export async function deletePost(id: string) {
+  await db.post.delete({ where: { id } });
+
+  revalidateTag('posts');
+}
+```
+
+```tsx
+// app/posts/new/page.tsx
+import { createPost } from '@/app/actions';
+
+export default function NewPost() {
+  return (
+    <form action={createPost}>
+      <input name="title" required />
+      <button type="submit">Create</button>
+    </form>
+  );
+}
+```
+
+**Benefits**:
+- End-to-end type safety
+- Progressive enhancement (works without JS)
+- Automatic request handling
+- Integrated with React transitions
+
+**Constraints**:
+- POST only (no GET caching semantics)
+- Internal use only (no external access)
+- Cannot return non-serializable data
+
+## Pattern 3: Route Handlers (APIs)
+
+Use Route Handlers when you need a REST API.
+
+```tsx
+// app/api/posts/route.ts
+import { NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server';
+
+// GET is cacheable
+export async function GET(request: NextRequest) {
+  const posts = await db.post.findMany();
+  return NextResponse.json(posts);
+}
+
+// POST for mutations
+export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
+  const body = await request.json();
+  const post = await db.post.create({ data: body });
+  return NextResponse.json(post, { status: 201 });
+}
+```
+
+**When to use**:
+- External API access (mobile apps, third parties)
+- Webhooks from external services
+- GET endpoints that need HTTP caching
+- OpenAPI/Swagger documentation needed
+
+**When NOT to use**:
+- Internal data fetching (use Server Components)
+- Mutations from your UI (use Server Actions)
+
+## Avoiding Data Waterfalls
+
+### Problem: Sequential Fetches
+
+```tsx
+// Bad: Sequential waterfalls
+async function Dashboard() {
+  const user = await getUser();        // Wait...
+  const posts = await getPosts();      // Then wait...
+  const comments = await getComments(); // Then wait...
+
+  return <div>...</div>;
+}
+```
+
+### Solution 1: Parallel Fetching with Promise.all
+
+```tsx
+// Good: Parallel fetching
+async function Dashboard() {
+  const [user, posts, comments] = await Promise.all([
+    getUser(),
+    getPosts(),
+    getComments(),
+  ]);
+
+  return <div>...</div>;
+}
+```
+
+### Solution 2: Streaming with Suspense
+
+```tsx
+// Good: Show content progressively
+import { Suspense } from 'react';
+
+async function Dashboard() {
+  return (
+    <div>
+      <Suspense fallback={<UserSkeleton />}>
+        <UserSection />
+      </Suspense>
+      <Suspense fallback={<PostsSkeleton />}>
+        <PostsSection />
+      </Suspense>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+async function UserSection() {
+  const user = await getUser(); // Fetches independently
+  return <div>{user.name}</div>;
+}
+
+async function PostsSection() {
+  const posts = await getPosts(); // Fetches independently
+  return <PostList posts={posts} />;
+}
+```
+
+### Solution 3: Preload Pattern
+
+```tsx
+// lib/data.ts
+import { cache } from 'react';
+
+export const getUser = cache(async (id: string) => {
+  return db.user.findUnique({ where: { id } });
+});
+
+export const preloadUser = (id: string) => {
+  void getUser(id); // Fire and forget
+};
+```
+
+```tsx
+// app/user/[id]/page.tsx
+import { getUser, preloadUser } from '@/lib/data';
+
+export default async function UserPage({ params }) {
+  const { id } = await params;
+
+  // Start fetching early
+  preloadUser(id);
+
+  // Do other work...
+
+  // Data likely ready by now
+  const user = await getUser(id);
+  return <div>{user.name}</div>;
+}
+```
+
+## Client Component Data Fetching
+
+When Client Components need data:
+
+### Option 1: Pass from Server Component (Preferred)
+
+```tsx
+// Server Component
+async function Page() {
+  const data = await fetchData();
+  return <ClientComponent initialData={data} />;
+}
+
+// Client Component
+'use client';
+function ClientComponent({ initialData }) {
+  const [data, setData] = useState(initialData);
+  // ...
+}
+```
+
+### Option 2: Fetch on Mount (When Necessary)
+
+```tsx
+'use client';
+import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
+
+function ClientComponent() {
+  const [data, setData] = useState(null);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    fetch('/api/data')
+      .then(r => r.json())
+      .then(setData);
+  }, []);
+
+  if (!data) return <Loading />;
+  return <div>{data.value}</div>;
+}
+```
+
+### Option 3: Server Action for Reads (Works But Not Ideal)
+
+Server Actions can be called from Client Components for reads, but this is not their intended purpose:
+
+```tsx
+'use client';
+import { getData } from './actions';
+import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
+
+function ClientComponent() {
+  const [data, setData] = useState(null);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    getData().then(setData);
+  }, []);
+
+  return <div>{data?.value}</div>;
+}
+```
+
+**Note**: Server Actions always use POST, so no HTTP caching. Prefer Route Handlers for cacheable reads.
+
+## Quick Reference
+
+| Pattern | Use Case | HTTP Method | Caching |
+|---------|----------|-------------|---------|
+| Server Component fetch | Internal reads | Any | Full Next.js caching |
+| Server Action | Mutations, form submissions | POST only | No |
+| Route Handler | External APIs, webhooks | Any | GET can be cached |
+| Client fetch to API | Client-side reads | Any | HTTP cache headers |