@devo-bmad-custom/agent-orchestration 1.0.0

package/src/.agents/skills/ui-ux-pro-custom/data/swift-ios-skills/photos-camera-media/references/camera-capture.md

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+# Camera Capture
+
+Complete patterns for AVCaptureSession setup, photo capture, video recording, and camera features in SwiftUI. All patterns use a dedicated `@Observable` model that owns the session; the SwiftUI view only displays the preview and triggers actions.
+
+---
+
+## Contents
+
+- [1. Complete Camera Manager with Photo Capture](#1-complete-camera-manager-with-photo-capture)
+- [2. Camera Preview (UIViewRepresentable)](#2-camera-preview-uiviewrepresentable)
+- [3. Complete Camera Screen in SwiftUI](#3-complete-camera-screen-in-swiftui)
+- [4. Video Recording](#4-video-recording)
+- [5. Flash and Torch Control](#5-flash-and-torch-control)
+- [6. Focus and Exposure](#6-focus-and-exposure)
+- [7. Barcode and QR Code Scanning](#7-barcode-and-qr-code-scanning)
+- [8. Camera Preview Orientation](#8-camera-preview-orientation)
+- [9. Dual Camera and Device Discovery](#9-dual-camera-and-device-discovery)
+- [10. Restricting Scan Region](#10-restricting-scan-region)
+
+## 1. Complete Camera Manager with Photo Capture
+
+A full-featured camera model with photo capture using the delegate pattern.
+
+```swift
+import AVFoundation
+import UIKit
+
+@available(iOS 17.0, *)
+@Observable
+@MainActor
+final class CameraManager: NSObject {
+    let session = AVCaptureSession()
+
+    private let photoOutput = AVCapturePhotoOutput()
+    private var currentInput: AVCaptureDeviceInput?
+    private var photoContinuation: CheckedContinuation<Data?, Never>?
+
+    var isRunning = false
+    var cameraPosition: AVCaptureDevice.Position = .back
+    var flashMode: AVCaptureDevice.FlashMode = .auto
+    var lastCapturedPhoto: Data?
+    var error: String?
+
+    // MARK: - Configuration
+
+    func configure() async {
+        guard await requestAccess() else {
+            error = "Camera access denied"
+            return
+        }
+
+        session.beginConfiguration()
+        session.sessionPreset = .photo
+
+        // Add camera input
+        guard let device = cameraDevice(for: cameraPosition),
+              let input = try? AVCaptureDeviceInput(device: device),
+              session.canAddInput(input) else {
+            error = "Failed to configure camera input"
+            session.commitConfiguration()
+            return
+        }
+        session.addInput(input)
+        currentInput = input
+
+        // Add photo output
+        guard session.canAddOutput(photoOutput) else {
+            error = "Failed to configure photo output"
+            session.commitConfiguration()
+            return
+        }
+        session.addOutput(photoOutput)
+
+        // Enable maximum quality (iOS 16+)
+        if let maxDimensions = photoOutput.maxPhotoDimensions(for: .photo) {
+            photoOutput.maxPhotoDimensions = maxDimensions
+        }
+        photoOutput.maxPhotoQualityPrioritization = .quality
+
+        session.commitConfiguration()
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Session Control
+
+    func start() {
+        guard !session.isRunning else { return }
+        Task.detached { [session] in
+            session.startRunning()
+        }
+        isRunning = true
+    }
+
+    func stop() {
+        guard session.isRunning else { return }
+        Task.detached { [session] in
+            session.stopRunning()
+        }
+        isRunning = false
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Photo Capture
+
+    func capturePhoto() async -> Data? {
+        let settings = AVCapturePhotoSettings()
+        settings.flashMode = flashMode
+
+        if photoOutput.availablePhotoCodecTypes.contains(.hevc) {
+            settings.photoQualityPrioritization = .quality
+        }
+
+        return await withCheckedContinuation { continuation in
+            photoContinuation = continuation
+            photoOutput.capturePhoto(with: settings, delegate: self)
+        }
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Camera Switching
+
+    func switchCamera() {
+        let newPosition: AVCaptureDevice.Position = (cameraPosition == .back) ? .front : .back
+
+        guard let device = cameraDevice(for: newPosition),
+              let newInput = try? AVCaptureDeviceInput(device: device) else { return }
+
+        session.beginConfiguration()
+        if let currentInput {
+            session.removeInput(currentInput)
+        }
+        if session.canAddInput(newInput) {
+            session.addInput(newInput)
+            currentInput = newInput
+            cameraPosition = newPosition
+        }
+        session.commitConfiguration()
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Helpers
+
+    private func cameraDevice(for position: AVCaptureDevice.Position) -> AVCaptureDevice? {
+        AVCaptureDevice.default(.builtInWideAngleCamera, for: .video, position: position)
+    }
+
+    private func requestAccess() async -> Bool {
+        let status = AVCaptureDevice.authorizationStatus(for: .video)
+        if status == .notDetermined {
+            return await AVCaptureDevice.requestAccess(for: .video)
+        }
+        return status == .authorized
+    }
+}
+
+// MARK: - AVCapturePhotoCaptureDelegate
+
+@available(iOS 17.0, *)
+extension CameraManager: AVCapturePhotoCaptureDelegate {
+    nonisolated func photoOutput(
+        _ output: AVCapturePhotoOutput,
+        didFinishProcessingPhoto photo: AVCapturePhoto,
+        error: Error?
+    ) {
+        let data = photo.fileDataRepresentation()
+        Task { @MainActor in
+            lastCapturedPhoto = data
+            photoContinuation?.resume(returning: data)
+            photoContinuation = nil
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+The `capturePhoto()` method bridges the delegate-based API to async/await using `CheckedContinuation`. Store only one continuation at a time -- overlapping captures are not supported.
+
+---
+
+## 2. Camera Preview (UIViewRepresentable)
+
+```swift
+import SwiftUI
+import AVFoundation
+
+struct CameraPreview: UIViewRepresentable {
+    let session: AVCaptureSession
+
+    func makeUIView(context: Context) -> CameraPreviewView {
+        let view = CameraPreviewView()
+        view.previewLayer.session = session
+        view.previewLayer.videoGravity = .resizeAspectFill
+        return view
+    }
+
+    func updateUIView(_ uiView: CameraPreviewView, context: Context) {
+        if uiView.previewLayer.session !== session {
+            uiView.previewLayer.session = session
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Custom UIView that uses AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer as its backing layer.
+/// Overriding layerClass ensures the preview layer resizes automatically with the view.
+final class CameraPreviewView: UIView {
+    override class var layerClass: AnyClass { AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer.self }
+
+    var previewLayer: AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer {
+        layer as! AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer
+    }
+}
+```
+
+Never add `AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer` as a sublayer manually. Using `layerClass` avoids manual frame management in `layoutSubviews`.
+
+---
+
+## 3. Complete Camera Screen in SwiftUI
+
+```swift
+import SwiftUI
+
+@available(iOS 17.0, *)
+struct CameraScreen: View {
+    @State private var camera = CameraManager()
+    @State private var showCapturedPhoto = false
+
+    var body: some View {
+        ZStack {
+            CameraPreview(session: camera.session)
+                .ignoresSafeArea()
+
+            VStack {
+                // Top controls
+                HStack {
+                    Button {
+                        camera.switchCamera()
+                    } label: {
+                        Image(systemName: "camera.rotate")
+                            .font(.title2)
+                            .padding()
+                            .background(.ultraThinMaterial, in: Circle())
+                    }
+
+                    Spacer()
+
+                    // Flash toggle
+                    Button {
+                        camera.flashMode = (camera.flashMode == .off) ? .auto : .off
+                    } label: {
+                        Image(systemName: camera.flashMode == .off
+                              ? "bolt.slash.fill" : "bolt.fill")
+                            .font(.title2)
+                            .padding()
+                            .background(.ultraThinMaterial, in: Circle())
+                    }
+                }
+                .padding(.horizontal)
+
+                Spacer()
+
+                // Bottom controls
+                HStack {
+                    // Thumbnail of last capture
+                    if let data = camera.lastCapturedPhoto,
+                       let uiImage = UIImage(data: data) {
+                        Button { showCapturedPhoto = true } label: {
+                            Image(uiImage: uiImage)
+                                .resizable()
+                                .scaledToFill()
+                                .frame(width: 50, height: 50)
+                                .clipShape(RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 8))
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        Color.clear.frame(width: 50, height: 50)
+                    }
+
+                    Spacer()
+
+                    // Shutter button
+                    Button {
+                        Task { _ = await camera.capturePhoto() }
+                    } label: {
+                        ZStack {
+                            Circle().fill(.white).frame(width: 72, height: 72)
+                            Circle().stroke(.gray, lineWidth: 3).frame(width: 78, height: 78)
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    Spacer()
+
+                    Color.clear.frame(width: 50, height: 50)
+                }
+                .padding(.horizontal, 24)
+                .padding(.bottom, 32)
+            }
+        }
+        .task {
+            await camera.configure()
+            camera.start()
+        }
+        .onDisappear {
+            camera.stop()
+        }
+        .sheet(isPresented: $showCapturedPhoto) {
+            if let data = camera.lastCapturedPhoto,
+               let uiImage = UIImage(data: data) {
+                Image(uiImage: uiImage)
+                    .resizable()
+                    .scaledToFit()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## 4. Video Recording
+
+Add `AVCaptureMovieFileOutput` for video capture. Video recording requires `NSMicrophoneUsageDescription` in Info.plist for audio.
+
+```swift
+import AVFoundation
+
+@available(iOS 17.0, *)
+@Observable
+@MainActor
+final class VideoRecorder: NSObject {
+    let session = AVCaptureSession()
+
+    private let movieOutput = AVCaptureMovieFileOutput()
+    private var videoContinuation: CheckedContinuation<URL?, Never>?
+
+    var isRecording = false
+    var recordedVideoURL: URL?
+    var error: String?
+
+    func configure() async {
+        guard await requestAccess() else {
+            error = "Camera access denied"
+            return
+        }
+
+        session.beginConfiguration()
+        session.sessionPreset = .high
+
+        // Video input
+        guard let videoDevice = AVCaptureDevice.default(.builtInWideAngleCamera,
+                                                         for: .video, position: .back),
+              let videoInput = try? AVCaptureDeviceInput(device: videoDevice),
+              session.canAddInput(videoInput) else {
+            session.commitConfiguration()
+            return
+        }
+        session.addInput(videoInput)
+
+        // Audio input
+        if let audioDevice = AVCaptureDevice.default(for: .audio),
+           let audioInput = try? AVCaptureDeviceInput(device: audioDevice),
+           session.canAddInput(audioInput) {
+            session.addInput(audioInput)
+        }
+
+        // Movie output
+        guard session.canAddOutput(movieOutput) else {
+            session.commitConfiguration()
+            return
+        }
+        session.addOutput(movieOutput)
+
+        session.commitConfiguration()
+    }
+
+    func startRecording() {
+        guard !isRecording else { return }
+
+        let outputURL = FileManager.default.temporaryDirectory
+            .appendingPathComponent(UUID().uuidString)
+            .appendingPathExtension("mov")
+
+        movieOutput.startRecording(to: outputURL, recordingDelegate: self)
+        isRecording = true
+    }
+
+    func stopRecording() async -> URL? {
+        guard isRecording else { return nil }
+
+        return await withCheckedContinuation { continuation in
+            videoContinuation = continuation
+            movieOutput.stopRecording()
+        }
+    }
+
+    func start() {
+        Task.detached { [session] in session.startRunning() }
+    }
+
+    func stop() {
+        Task.detached { [session] in session.stopRunning() }
+    }
+
+    private func requestAccess() async -> Bool {
+        let videoStatus = AVCaptureDevice.authorizationStatus(for: .video)
+        let videoGranted: Bool
+        if videoStatus == .notDetermined {
+            videoGranted = await AVCaptureDevice.requestAccess(for: .video)
+        } else {
+            videoGranted = videoStatus == .authorized
+        }
+
+        // Also request audio for video recording
+        let audioStatus = AVCaptureDevice.authorizationStatus(for: .audio)
+        if audioStatus == .notDetermined {
+            _ = await AVCaptureDevice.requestAccess(for: .audio)
+        }
+
+        return videoGranted
+    }
+}
+
+@available(iOS 17.0, *)
+extension VideoRecorder: AVCaptureFileOutputRecordingDelegate {
+    nonisolated func fileOutput(
+        _ output: AVCaptureFileOutput,
+        didFinishRecordingTo outputFileURL: URL,
+        from connections: [AVCaptureConnection],
+        error: Error?
+    ) {
+        Task { @MainActor in
+            isRecording = false
+            recordedVideoURL = error == nil ? outputFileURL : nil
+            videoContinuation?.resume(returning: error == nil ? outputFileURL : nil)
+            videoContinuation = nil
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+Clean up temporary video files when they are no longer needed. Recorded videos can be large and the temporary directory is not automatically cleaned during the app's lifetime.
+
+---
+
+## 5. Flash and Torch Control
+
+Flash applies to photo capture settings. Torch provides continuous illumination for video or preview.
+
+```swift
+import AVFoundation
+
+func toggleTorch(on device: AVCaptureDevice, enabled: Bool) throws {
+    guard device.hasTorch, device.isTorchAvailable else { return }
+
+    try device.lockForConfiguration()
+    device.torchMode = enabled ? .on : .off
+    if enabled {
+        try device.setTorchModeOn(level: AVCaptureDevice.maxAvailableTorchLevel)
+    }
+    device.unlockForConfiguration()
+}
+```
+
+Always wrap device configuration in `lockForConfiguration()` / `unlockForConfiguration()`. Multiple clients may attempt to configure the device simultaneously.
+
+---
+
+## 6. Focus and Exposure
+
+Implement tap-to-focus by converting a SwiftUI tap location to the camera coordinate system.
+
+```swift
+import AVFoundation
+
+func setFocusAndExposure(
+    at point: CGPoint,
+    in previewLayer: AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer,
+    device: AVCaptureDevice
+) throws {
+    let devicePoint = previewLayer.captureDevicePointConverted(fromLayerPoint: point)
+
+    try device.lockForConfiguration()
+
+    if device.isFocusPointOfInterestSupported {
+        device.focusPointOfInterest = devicePoint
+        device.focusMode = .autoFocus
+    }
+
+    if device.isExposurePointOfInterestSupported {
+        device.exposurePointOfInterest = devicePoint
+        device.exposureMode = .autoExpose
+    }
+
+    device.unlockForConfiguration()
+}
+```
+
+### Integrating Tap-to-Focus in SwiftUI
+
+```swift
+struct FocusableCameraPreview: UIViewRepresentable {
+    let session: AVCaptureSession
+    var onTapToFocus: ((CGPoint, AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer) -> Void)?
+
+    func makeUIView(context: Context) -> CameraPreviewView {
+        let view = CameraPreviewView()
+        view.previewLayer.session = session
+        view.previewLayer.videoGravity = .resizeAspectFill
+
+        let tap = UITapGestureRecognizer(
+            target: context.coordinator,
+            action: #selector(Coordinator.handleTap(_:))
+        )
+        view.addGestureRecognizer(tap)
+
+        return view
+    }
+
+    func updateUIView(_ uiView: CameraPreviewView, context: Context) {}
+
+    func makeCoordinator() -> Coordinator { Coordinator(self) }
+
+    final class Coordinator: NSObject {
+        var parent: FocusableCameraPreview
+
+        init(_ parent: FocusableCameraPreview) { self.parent = parent }
+
+        @objc func handleTap(_ gesture: UITapGestureRecognizer) {
+            guard let view = gesture.view as? CameraPreviewView else { return }
+            let point = gesture.location(in: view)
+            parent.onTapToFocus?(point, view.previewLayer)
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## 7. Barcode and QR Code Scanning
+
+Use `AVCaptureMetadataOutput` to detect barcodes and QR codes from the camera feed.
+
+```swift
+import AVFoundation
+
+@available(iOS 17.0, *)
+@Observable
+@MainActor
+final class QRCodeScanner: NSObject {
+    let session = AVCaptureSession()
+
+    private let metadataOutput = AVCaptureMetadataOutput()
+
+    var scannedCode: String?
+    var isScanning = false
+
+    func configure() async {
+        guard await requestAccess() else { return }
+
+        session.beginConfiguration()
+
+        guard let device = AVCaptureDevice.default(.builtInWideAngleCamera,
+                                                    for: .video, position: .back),
+              let input = try? AVCaptureDeviceInput(device: device),
+              session.canAddInput(input) else {
+            session.commitConfiguration()
+            return
+        }
+        session.addInput(input)
+
+        guard session.canAddOutput(metadataOutput) else {
+            session.commitConfiguration()
+            return
+        }
+        session.addOutput(metadataOutput)
+
+        // Set metadata types AFTER adding to session -- available types depend on session config
+        metadataOutput.metadataObjectTypes = [.qr, .ean8, .ean13, .code128, .code39]
+        metadataOutput.setMetadataObjectsDelegate(self, queue: .main)
+
+        session.commitConfiguration()
+    }
+
+    func start() {
+        scannedCode = nil
+        isScanning = true
+        Task.detached { [session] in session.startRunning() }
+    }
+
+    func stop() {
+        isScanning = false
+        Task.detached { [session] in session.stopRunning() }
+    }
+
+    private func requestAccess() async -> Bool {
+        let status = AVCaptureDevice.authorizationStatus(for: .video)
+        if status == .notDetermined {
+            return await AVCaptureDevice.requestAccess(for: .video)
+        }
+        return status == .authorized
+    }
+}
+
+@available(iOS 17.0, *)
+extension QRCodeScanner: AVCaptureMetadataOutputObjectsDelegate {
+    nonisolated func metadataOutput(
+        _ output: AVCaptureMetadataOutput,
+        didOutput metadataObjects: [AVMetadataObject],
+        from connection: AVCaptureConnection
+    ) {
+        guard let object = metadataObjects.first as? AVMetadataMachineReadableCodeObject,
+              let value = object.stringValue else { return }
+
+        Task { @MainActor in
+            scannedCode = value
+            stop()
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Scanner View
+
+```swift
+@available(iOS 17.0, *)
+struct QRScannerView: View {
+    @State private var scanner = QRCodeScanner()
+
+    var body: some View {
+        ZStack {
+            CameraPreview(session: scanner.session)
+                .ignoresSafeArea()
+
+            // Scanning overlay
+            RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 12)
+                .stroke(.white, lineWidth: 2)
+                .frame(width: 250, height: 250)
+
+            if let code = scanner.scannedCode {
+                VStack {
+                    Spacer()
+                    Text(code)
+                        .font(.headline)
+                        .padding()
+                        .background(.ultraThinMaterial, in: RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 12))
+                        .padding(.bottom, 60)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        .task {
+            await scanner.configure()
+            scanner.start()
+        }
+        .onDisappear {
+            scanner.stop()
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+Set `metadataObjectTypes` after adding the output to the session. Setting types before causes a runtime crash because the available types are not yet determined.
+
+---
+
+## 8. Camera Preview Orientation
+
+Handle device rotation so the preview and captured photos have correct orientation.
+
+### Preview Layer Rotation
+
+```swift
+import AVFoundation
+import UIKit
+
+func updatePreviewOrientation(
+    _ previewLayer: AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer,
+    for interfaceOrientation: UIInterfaceOrientation
+) {
+    guard let connection = previewLayer.connection else { return }
+
+    // iOS 17+: use videoRotationAngle
+    if #available(iOS 17.0, *) {
+        let angle: CGFloat
+        switch interfaceOrientation {
+        case .portrait: angle = 90
+        case .portraitUpsideDown: angle = 270
+        case .landscapeLeft: angle = 180
+        case .landscapeRight: angle = 0
+        default: angle = 90
+        }
+        if connection.isVideoRotationAngleSupported(angle) {
+            connection.videoRotationAngle = angle
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Photo Output Orientation
+
+Set the rotation angle on the photo output connection before each capture to ensure the captured image matches the device orientation:
+
+```swift
+func capturePhotoWithOrientation() {
+    if let connection = photoOutput.connection(with: .video) {
+        // iOS 17+
+        if #available(iOS 17.0, *) {
+            let angle = currentVideoRotationAngle()
+            if connection.isVideoRotationAngleSupported(angle) {
+                connection.videoRotationAngle = angle
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    let settings = AVCapturePhotoSettings()
+    photoOutput.capturePhoto(with: settings, delegate: self)
+}
+
+private func currentVideoRotationAngle() -> CGFloat {
+    guard let scene = UIApplication.shared.connectedScenes.first as? UIWindowScene else {
+        return 90
+    }
+    switch scene.interfaceOrientation {
+    case .portrait: return 90
+    case .portraitUpsideDown: return 270
+    case .landscapeLeft: return 180
+    case .landscapeRight: return 0
+    default: return 90
+    }
+}
+```
+
+Use `videoRotationAngle` (iOS 17+) instead of the deprecated `videoOrientation` property. The angle is measured in degrees clockwise from landscape-right (the natural sensor orientation).
+
+---
+
+## 9. Dual Camera and Device Discovery
+
+Select specific camera hardware using `AVCaptureDevice.DiscoverySession`.
+
+```swift
+import AVFoundation
+
+func availableCameras() -> [AVCaptureDevice] {
+    let discoverySession = AVCaptureDevice.DiscoverySession(
+        deviceTypes: [
+            .builtInWideAngleCamera,
+            .builtInUltraWideCamera,
+            .builtInTelephotoCamera,
+            .builtInDualCamera,
+            .builtInTripleCamera
+        ],
+        mediaType: .video,
+        position: .unspecified
+    )
+    return discoverySession.devices
+}
+
+func preferredBackCamera() -> AVCaptureDevice? {
+    // Prefer triple > dual > wide angle
+    let session = AVCaptureDevice.DiscoverySession(
+        deviceTypes: [.builtInTripleCamera, .builtInDualCamera, .builtInWideAngleCamera],
+        mediaType: .video,
+        position: .back
+    )
+    return session.devices.first
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## 10. Restricting Scan Region
+
+Limit the metadata detection area to improve performance and UX:
+
+```swift
+// Restrict detection to center 60% of the preview
+metadataOutput.rectOfInterest = CGRect(x: 0.2, y: 0.2, width: 0.6, height: 0.6)
+```
+
+Note that `rectOfInterest` uses the camera coordinate system (landscape, origin top-left). Convert from preview coordinates using `previewLayer.metadataOutputRectConverted(fromLayerRect:)`.