RubyGems - wayfarer - Versions diffs - 0.4.7 → 0.4.9 - Mend

wayfarer 0.4.7 → 0.4.9

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-    <tr><td><a href="https://git-scm.com/book/ru">Русский</a>,</td></tr>
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-    <tr><td><a href="https://git-scm.com/book/zh">简体中文</a>,</td></tr>
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-  Partial translations available in
-  <table>
-    <tr><td><a href="https://git-scm.com/book/cs">Čeština</a>,</td></tr>
-    <tr><td><a href="https://git-scm.com/book/mk">Македонски</a>,</td></tr>
-    <tr><td><a href="https://git-scm.com/book/pl">Polski</a>,</td></tr>
-    <tr><td><a href="https://git-scm.com/book/sr">Српски</a>,</td></tr>
-    <tr><td><a href="https://git-scm.com/book/uz">Ўзбекча</a>,</td></tr>
-    <tr><td><a href="https://git-scm.com/book/zh-tw">繁體中文</a>,</td></tr>
-  </table>
-</p>
-<p>
-  Translations started for
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-    <tr><td><a href="https://git-scm.com/book/be">Беларуская</a>,</td></tr>
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-    <tr><td><a href="https://git-scm.com/book/id">Indonesian</a>,</td></tr>
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-    <tr><td><a href="https://git-scm.com/book/pt-br">Português (Brasil)</a>,</td></tr>
-    <tr><td><a href="https://git-scm.com/book/pt-pt">Português (Portugal)</a>,</td></tr>
-    <tr><td><a href="https://git-scm.com/book/sv">Svenska</a>,</td></tr>
-    <tr><td><a href="https://git-scm.com/book/tr">Türkçe</a>.</td></tr>
-  </table>
-</p>
-<hr class="sidebar"/>
-<p>
-The source of this book is <a href="https://github.com/progit/progit2">hosted on GitHub.</a></br>
-Patches, suggestions and comments are welcome.
-</p>
-  </nav>
-</aside>
-        <div id="content">
-<div id='book-chapters'>
-  <a class="dropdown-trigger" id="book-chapters-trigger" data-panel-id="chapters-dropdown" href="ch00/_credential_caching.html#">Chapters ▾</a>
-<div class='dropdown-panel' id='chapters-dropdown'>
-  <div class="three-column">
-    <div class='column-left'>
-      <ol class='book-toc'>
-  <li class='chapter'>
-  <h2>1. <a href="ch00/ch01-getting-started.html">Getting Started</a></h2>
-    <ol>
-        <li>
-          1.1
-          <a href="ch00/ch01-getting-started.html" >About Version Control </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          1.2
-          <a href="Getting-Started-A-Short-History-of-Git.html" >A Short History of Git </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          1.3
-          <a href="ch00/what_is_git_section.html" >What is Git? </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          1.4
-          <a href="Getting-Started-The-Command-Line.html" >The Command Line </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          1.5
-          <a href="Getting-Started-Installing-Git.html" >Installing Git </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          1.6
-          <a href="ch00/_editor.html" >First-Time Git Setup </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          1.7
-          <a href="ch00/_git_help.html" >Getting Help </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          1.8
-          <a href="Getting-Started-Summary.html" >Summary </a>
-        </li>
-    </ol>
-  </li>
-  <li class='chapter'>
-  <h2>2. <a href="ch00/_git_cloning.html">Git Basics</a></h2>
-    <ol>
-        <li>
-          2.1
-          <a href="ch00/_git_cloning.html" >Getting a Git Repository </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          2.2
-          <a href="ch00/_git_mv.html" >Recording Changes to the Repository </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          2.3
-          <a href="ch00/_viewing_history.html" >Viewing the Commit History </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          2.4
-          <a href="ch00/_unstaging.html" >Undoing Things </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          2.5
-          <a href="ch00/_remote_repos.html" >Working with Remotes </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          2.6
-          <a href="ch00/_annotated_tags.html" >Tagging </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          2.7
-          <a href="ch00/_git_aliases.html" >Git Aliases </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          2.8
-          <a href="Git-Basics-Summary.html" >Summary </a>
-        </li>
-    </ol>
-  </li>
-  <li class='chapter'>
-  <h2>3. <a href="ch00/_switching_branches.html">Git Branching</a></h2>
-    <ol>
-        <li>
-          3.1
-          <a href="ch00/_switching_branches.html" >Branches in a Nutshell </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          3.2
-          <a href="ch00/_basic_branching.html" >Basic Branching and Merging </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          3.3
-          <a href="ch00/_branch_management.html" >Branch Management </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          3.4
-          <a href="ch00/_topic_branch.html" >Branching Workflows </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          3.5
-          <a href="ch00/_delete_branches.html" >Remote Branches </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          3.6
-          <a href="ch00/_rebase_rebase.html" >Rebasing </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          3.7
-          <a href="Git-Branching-Summary.html" >Summary </a>
-        </li>
-    </ol>
-  </li>
-  <li class='chapter'>
-  <h2>4. <a href="Git-on-the-Server-The-Protocols.html">Git on the Server</a></h2>
-    <ol>
-        <li>
-          4.1
-          <a href="Git-on-the-Server-The-Protocols.html" >The Protocols </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          4.2
-          <a href="ch00/_bare_repo.html" >Getting Git on a Server </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          4.3
-          <a href="ch00/_generate_ssh_key.html" >Generating Your SSH Public Key </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          4.4
-          <a href="ch00/_setting_up_server.html" >Setting Up the Server </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          4.5
-          <a href="Git-on-the-Server-Git-Daemon.html" >Git Daemon </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          4.6
-          <a href="Git-on-the-Server-Smart-HTTP.html" >Smart HTTP </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          4.7
-          <a href="Git-on-the-Server-GitWeb.html" >GitWeb </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          4.8
-          <a href="ch00/_gitlab_groups_section.html" >GitLab </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          4.9
-          <a href="Git-on-the-Server-Third-Party-Hosted-Options.html" >Third Party Hosted Options </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          4.10
-          <a href="Git-on-the-Server-Summary.html" >Summary </a>
-        </li>
-    </ol>
-  </li>
-  <li class='chapter'>
-  <h2>5. <a href="ch00/_integration_manager.html">Distributed Git</a></h2>
-    <ol>
-        <li>
-          5.1
-          <a href="ch00/_integration_manager.html" >Distributed Workflows </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          5.2
-          <a href="ch00/_project_over_email.html" >Contributing to a Project </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          5.3
-          <a href="ch00/_git_am.html" >Maintaining a Project </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          5.4
-          <a href="Distributed-Git-Summary.html" >Summary </a>
-        </li>
-    </ol>
-  </li>
-</ol>
-    </div>
-    <div class='column-middle'>
-      <ol class='book-toc'>
-  <li class='chapter'>
-  <h2>6. <a href="ch00/_personal_avatar.html">GitHub</a></h2>
-    <ol>
-        <li>
-          6.1
-          <a href="ch00/_personal_avatar.html" >Account Setup and Configuration </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          6.2
-          <a href="ch00/_fetch_and_push_on_different_repositories.html" >Contributing to a Project </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          6.3
-          <a href="ch00/_email_notifications.html" >Maintaining a Project </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          6.4
-          <a href="ch00/_team_page.html" >Managing an organization </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          6.5
-          <a href="ch00/_commit_status.html" >Scripting GitHub </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          6.6
-          <a href="GitHub-Summary.html" >Summary </a>
-        </li>
-    </ol>
-  </li>
-  <li class='chapter'>
-  <h2>7. <a href="ch00/_git_reflog.html">Git Tools</a></h2>
-    <ol>
-        <li>
-          7.1
-          <a href="ch00/_git_reflog.html" >Revision Selection </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          7.2
-          <a href="ch00/_interactive_staging.html" >Interactive Staging </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          7.3
-          <a href="ch00/_git_clean.html" >Stashing and Cleaning </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          7.4
-          <a href="ch00/_signing_commits.html" >Signing Your Work </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          7.5
-          <a href="ch00/_git_grep.html" >Searching </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          7.6
-          <a href="ch00/_removing_file_every_commit.html" >Rewriting History </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          7.7
-          <a href="ch00/_the_index.html" >Reset Demystified </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          7.8
-          <a href="ch00/_reverse_commit.html" >Advanced Merging </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          7.9
-          <a href="ch00/ref_rerere.html" >Rerere </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          7.10
-          <a href="ch00/_file_annotation.html" >Debugging with Git </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          7.11
-          <a href="ch00/_publishing_submodules.html" >Submodules </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          7.12
-          <a href="ch00/_bundling.html" >Bundling </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          7.13
-          <a href="ch00/_replace.html" >Replace </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          7.14
-          <a href="ch00/_credential_caching.html" class=active>Credential Storage </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          7.15
-          <a href="Git-Tools-Summary.html" >Summary </a>
-        </li>
-    </ol>
-  </li>
-  <li class='chapter'>
-  <h2>8. <a href="ch00/_external_merge_tools.html">Customizing Git</a></h2>
-    <ol>
-        <li>
-          8.1
-          <a href="ch00/_external_merge_tools.html" >Git Configuration </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          8.2
-          <a href="ch00/_keyword_expansion.html" >Git Attributes </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          8.3
-          <a href="ch00/_email_hooks.html" >Git Hooks </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          8.4
-          <a href="ch00/_enforcing_commit_message_format.html" >An Example Git-Enforced Policy </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          8.5
-          <a href="Customizing-Git-Summary.html" >Summary </a>
-        </li>
-    </ol>
-  </li>
-  <li class='chapter'>
-  <h2>9. <a href="ch00/_git_svn.html">Git and Other Systems</a></h2>
-    <ol>
-        <li>
-          9.1
-          <a href="ch00/_git_svn.html" >Git as a Client </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          9.2
-          <a href="ch00/_git_p4.html" >Migrating to Git </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          9.3
-          <a href="Git-and-Other-Systems-Summary.html" >Summary </a>
-        </li>
-    </ol>
-  </li>
-  <li class='chapter'>
-  <h2>10. <a href="ch00/_plumbing_porcelain.html">Git Internals</a></h2>
-    <ol>
-        <li>
-          10.1
-          <a href="ch00/_plumbing_porcelain.html" >Plumbing and Porcelain </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          10.2
-          <a href="ch00/_git_commit_objects.html" >Git Objects </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          10.3
-          <a href="ch00/ref_the_ref.html" >Git References </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          10.4
-          <a href="Git-Internals-Packfiles.html" >Packfiles </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          10.5
-          <a href="ch00/_pushing_refspecs.html" >The Refspec </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          10.6
-          <a href="Git-Internals-Transfer-Protocols.html" >Transfer Protocols </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          10.7
-          <a href="ch00/_git_gc.html" >Maintenance and Data Recovery </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          10.8
-          <a href="Git-Internals-Environment-Variables.html" >Environment Variables </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          10.9
-          <a href="Git-Internals-Summary.html" >Summary </a>
-        </li>
-    </ol>
-  </li>
-</ol>
-    </div>
-    <div class='column-right'>
-      <ol class='book-toc'>
-  <li class='chapter'>
-  <h2>A1. <a href="./Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Graphical-Interfaces.html">Appendix A: Git in Other Environments</a></h2>
-    <ol>
-        <li>
-          A1.1
-          <a href="./Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Graphical-Interfaces.html" >Graphical Interfaces </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A1.2
-          <a href="./Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Git-in-Visual-Studio.html" >Git in Visual Studio </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A1.3
-          <a href="./Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Git-in-Visual-Studio-Code.html" >Git in Visual Studio Code </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A1.4
-          <a href="./Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Git-in-IntelliJ-%252F-PyCharm-%252F-WebStorm-%252F-PhpStorm-%252F-RubyMine.html" >Git in IntelliJ / PyCharm / WebStorm / PhpStorm / RubyMine </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A1.5
-          <a href="./Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Git-in-Sublime-Text.html" >Git in Sublime Text </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A1.6
-          <a href="./Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Git-in-Bash.html" >Git in Bash </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A1.7
-          <a href="ch00/oh_my_zsh_git.html" >Git in Zsh </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A1.8
-          <a href="./Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Git-in-PowerShell.html" >Git in PowerShell </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A1.9
-          <a href="./Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Summary.html" >Summary </a>
-        </li>
-    </ol>
-  </li>
-  <li class='chapter'>
-  <h2>A2. <a href="./Appendix-B:-Embedding-Git-in-your-Applications-Command-line-Git.html">Appendix B: Embedding Git in your Applications</a></h2>
-    <ol>
-        <li>
-          A2.1
-          <a href="./Appendix-B:-Embedding-Git-in-your-Applications-Command-line-Git.html" >Command-line Git </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A2.2
-          <a href="ch00/_libgit2_bindings.html" >Libgit2 </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A2.3
-          <a href="./Appendix-B:-Embedding-Git-in-your-Applications-JGit.html" >JGit </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A2.4
-          <a href="./Appendix-B:-Embedding-Git-in-your-Applications-go-git.html" >go-git </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A2.5
-          <a href="./Appendix-B:-Embedding-Git-in-your-Applications-Dulwich.html" >Dulwich </a>
-        </li>
-    </ol>
-  </li>
-  <li class='chapter'>
-  <h2>A3. <a href="ch00/ch_core_editor.html">Appendix C: Git Commands</a></h2>
-    <ol>
-        <li>
-          A3.1
-          <a href="ch00/ch_core_editor.html" >Setup and Config </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A3.2
-          <a href="./Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Getting-and-Creating-Projects.html" >Getting and Creating Projects </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A3.3
-          <a href="./Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Basic-Snapshotting.html" >Basic Snapshotting </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A3.4
-          <a href="./Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Branching-and-Merging.html" >Branching and Merging </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A3.5
-          <a href="./Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Sharing-and-Updating-Projects.html" >Sharing and Updating Projects </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A3.6
-          <a href="./Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Inspection-and-Comparison.html" >Inspection and Comparison </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A3.7
-          <a href="./Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Debugging.html" >Debugging </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A3.8
-          <a href="./Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Patching.html" >Patching </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A3.9
-          <a href="./Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Email.html" >Email </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A3.10
-          <a href="./Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-External-Systems.html" >External Systems </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A3.11
-          <a href="./Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Administration.html" >Administration </a>
-        </li>
-        <li>
-          A3.12
-          <a href="./Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Plumbing-Commands.html" >Plumbing Commands </a>
-        </li>
-    </ol>
-  </li>
-</ol>
-    </div>
-  </div>
- </div>
-    <span class="light" id="edition">
-      2nd Edition
-    </span>
-</div>
-<div id='main' class="book edition2">
-    <h1>7.14 Git Tools - Credential Storage</h1>
-  <div>
-<h2 id="_credential_caching">Credential Storage</h2>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>
-If you use the SSH transport for connecting to remotes, it’s possible for you to have a key without a passphrase, which allows you to securely transfer data without typing in your username and password.
-However, this isn’t possible with the HTTP protocols – every connection needs a username and password.
-This gets even harder for systems with two-factor authentication, where the token you use for a password is randomly generated and unpronounceable.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>Fortunately, Git has a credentials system that can help with this.
-Git has a few options provided in the box:</p>
-</div>
-<div class="ulist">
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>The default is not to cache at all.
-Every connection will prompt you for your username and password.</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>The “cache” mode keeps credentials in memory for a certain period of time.
-None of the passwords are ever stored on disk, and they are purged from the cache after 15 minutes.</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>The “store” mode saves the credentials to a plain-text file on disk, and they never expire.
-This means that until you change your password for the Git host, you won’t ever have to type in your credentials again.
-The downside of this approach is that your passwords are stored in cleartext in a plain file in your home directory.</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>If you’re using a Mac, Git comes with an “osxkeychain” mode, which caches credentials in the secure keychain that’s attached to your system account.
-This method stores the credentials on disk, and they never expire, but they’re encrypted with the same system that stores HTTPS certificates and Safari auto-fills.</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>If you’re using Windows, you can install a helper called “Git Credential Manager for Windows.”
-This is similar to the “osxkeychain” helper described above, but uses the Windows Credential Store to control sensitive information.
-It can be found at <a href="https://github.com/Microsoft/Git-Credential-Manager-for-Windows" class="bare">https://github.com/Microsoft/Git-Credential-Manager-for-Windows</a>.</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>You can choose one of these methods by setting a Git configuration value:</p>
-</div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content">
-<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git config --global credential.helper cache</code></pre>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>Some of these helpers have options.
-The “store” helper can take a <code>--file &lt;path&gt;</code> argument, which customizes where the plain-text file is saved (the default is <code>~/.git-credentials</code>).
-The “cache” helper accepts the <code>--timeout &lt;seconds&gt;</code> option, which changes the amount of time its daemon is kept running (the default is “900”, or 15 minutes).
-Here’s an example of how you’d configure the “store” helper with a custom file name:</p>
-</div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content">
-<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git config --global credential.helper 'store --file ~/.my-credentials'</code></pre>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>Git even allows you to configure several helpers.
-When looking for credentials for a particular host, Git will query them in order, and stop after the first answer is provided.
-When saving credentials, Git will send the username and password to <strong>all</strong> of the helpers in the list, and they can choose what to do with them.
-Here’s what a <code>.gitconfig</code> would look like if you had a credentials file on a thumb drive, but wanted to use the in-memory cache to save some typing if the drive isn’t plugged in:</p>
-</div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content">
-<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-ini" data-lang="ini">[credential]
-    helper = store --file /mnt/thumbdrive/.git-credentials
-    helper = cache --timeout 30000</code></pre>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="sect3">
-<h3 id="_under_the_hood">Under the Hood</h3>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>How does this all work?
-Git’s root command for the credential-helper system is <code>git credential</code>, which takes a command as an argument, and then more input through stdin.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>This might be easier to understand with an example.
-Let’s say that a credential helper has been configured, and the helper has stored credentials for <code>mygithost</code>.
-Here’s a session that uses the “fill” command, which is invoked when Git is trying to find credentials for a host:</p>
-</div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content">
-<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git credential fill <b class="conum">(1)</b>
-protocol=https <b class="conum">(2)</b>
-host=mygithost
-<b class="conum">(3)</b>
-protocol=https <b class="conum">(4)</b>
-host=mygithost
-username=bob
-password=s3cre7
-$ git credential fill <b class="conum">(5)</b>
-protocol=https
-host=unknownhost
-Username for 'https://unknownhost': bob
-Password for 'https://bob@unknownhost':
-protocol=https
-host=unknownhost
-username=bob
-password=s3cre7</code></pre>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="colist arabic">
-<ol>
-<li>
-<p>This is the command line that initiates the interaction.</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>Git-credential is then waiting for input on stdin.
-We provide it with the things we know: the protocol and hostname.</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>A blank line indicates that the input is complete, and the credential system should answer with what it knows.</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>Git-credential then takes over, and writes to stdout with the bits of information it found.</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>If credentials are not found, Git asks the user for the username and password, and provides them back to the invoking stdout (here they’re attached to the same console).</p>
-</li>
-</ol>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>The credential system is actually invoking a program that’s separate from Git itself; which one and how depends on the <code>credential.helper</code> configuration value.
-There are several forms it can take:</p>
-</div>
-<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch">
-<colgroup>
-<col style="width: 50%;">
-<col style="width: 50%;">
-</colgroup>
-<thead>
-<tr>
-<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Configuration Value</th>
-<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Behavior</th>
-</tr>
-</thead>
-<tbody>
-<tr>
-<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>foo</code></p></td>
-<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Runs <code>git-credential-foo</code></p></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>foo -a --opt=bcd</code></p></td>
-<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Runs <code>git-credential-foo -a --opt=bcd</code></p></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>/absolute/path/foo -xyz</code></p></td>
-<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Runs <code>/absolute/path/foo -xyz</code></p></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>!f() { echo "password=s3cre7"; }; f</code></p></td>
-<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Code after <code>!</code> evaluated in shell</p></td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>So the helpers described above are actually named <code>git-credential-cache</code>, <code>git-credential-store</code>, and so on, and we can configure them to take command-line arguments.
-The general form for this is “git-credential-foo [args] &lt;action&gt;.”
-The stdin/stdout protocol is the same as git-credential, but they use a slightly different set of actions:</p>
-</div>
-<div class="ulist">
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p><code>get</code> is a request for a username/password pair.</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p><code>store</code> is a request to save a set of credentials in this helper’s memory.</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p><code>erase</code> purge the credentials for the given properties from this helper’s memory.</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>For the <code>store</code> and <code>erase</code> actions, no response is required (Git ignores it anyway).
-For the <code>get</code> action, however, Git is very interested in what the helper has to say.
-If the helper doesn’t know anything useful, it can simply exit with no output, but if it does know, it should augment the provided information with the information it has stored.
-The output is treated like a series of assignment statements; anything provided will replace what Git already knows.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>Here’s the same example from above, but skipping git-credential and going straight for git-credential-store:</p>
-</div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content">
-<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git credential-store --file ~/git.store store <b class="conum">(1)</b>
-protocol=https
-host=mygithost
-username=bob
-password=s3cre7
-$ git credential-store --file ~/git.store get <b class="conum">(2)</b>
-protocol=https
-host=mygithost
-username=bob <b class="conum">(3)</b>
-password=s3cre7</code></pre>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="colist arabic">
-<ol>
-<li>
-<p>Here we tell <code>git-credential-store</code> to save some credentials: the username “bob” and the password “s3cre7” are to be used when <code><a href="https://mygithost" class="bare">https://mygithost</a></code> is accessed.</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>Now we’ll retrieve those credentials.
-We provide the parts of the connection we already know (<code><a href="https://mygithost" class="bare">https://mygithost</a></code>), and an empty line.</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p><code>git-credential-store</code> replies with the username and password we stored above.</p>
-</li>
-</ol>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>Here’s what the <code>~/git.store</code> file looks like:</p>
-</div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content">
-<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-ini" data-lang="ini">https://bob:s3cre7@mygithost</code></pre>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>It’s just a series of lines, each of which contains a credential-decorated URL.
-The <code>osxkeychain</code> and <code>wincred</code> helpers use the native format of their backing stores, while <code>cache</code> uses its own in-memory format (which no other process can read).</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="sect3">
-<h3 id="_a_custom_credential_cache">A Custom Credential Cache</h3>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>Given that <code>git-credential-store</code> and friends are separate programs from Git, it’s not much of a leap to realize that <em>any</em> program can be a Git credential helper.
-The helpers provided by Git cover many common use cases, but not all.
-For example, let’s say your team has some credentials that are shared with the entire team, perhaps for deployment.
-These are stored in a shared directory, but you don’t want to copy them to your own credential store, because they change often.
-None of the existing helpers cover this case; let’s see what it would take to write our own.
-There are several key features this program needs to have:</p>
-</div>
-<div class="olist arabic">
-<ol class="arabic">
-<li>
-<p>The only action we need to pay attention to is <code>get</code>; <code>store</code> and <code>erase</code> are write operations, so we’ll just exit cleanly when they’re received.</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>The file format of the shared-credential file is the same as that used by <code>git-credential-store</code>.</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>The location of that file is fairly standard, but we should allow the user to pass a custom path just in case.</p>
-</li>
-</ol>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>Once again, we’ll write this extension in Ruby, but any language will work so long as Git can execute the finished product.
-Here’s the full source code of our new credential helper:</p>
-</div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content">
-<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-ruby" data-lang="ruby">#!/usr/bin/env ruby
-require 'optparse'
-path = File.expand_path '~/.git-credentials' # <b class="conum">(1)</b>
-OptionParser.new do |opts|
-    opts.banner = 'USAGE: git-credential-read-only [options] &lt;action&gt;'
-    opts.on('-f', '--file PATH', 'Specify path for backing store') do |argpath|
-        path = File.expand_path argpath
-    end
-end.parse!
-exit(0) unless ARGV[0].downcase == 'get' # <b class="conum">(2)</b>
-exit(0) unless File.exists? path
-known = {} # <b class="conum">(3)</b>
-while line = STDIN.gets
-    break if line.strip == ''
-    k,v = line.strip.split '=', 2
-    known[k] = v
-end
-File.readlines(path).each do |fileline| # <b class="conum">(4)</b>
-    prot,user,pass,host = fileline.scan(/^(.*?):\/\/(.*?):(.*?)@(.*)$/).first
-    if prot == known['protocol'] and host == known['host'] and user == known['username'] then
-        puts "protocol=#{prot}"
-        puts "host=#{host}"
-        puts "username=#{user}"
-        puts "password=#{pass}"
-        exit(0)
-    end
-end</code></pre>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="colist arabic">
-<ol>
-<li>
-<p>Here we parse the command-line options, allowing the user to specify the input file.
-The default is <code>~/.git-credentials</code>.</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>This program only responds if the action is <code>get</code> and the backing-store file exists.</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>This loop reads from stdin until the first blank line is reached.
-The inputs are stored in the <code>known</code> hash for later reference.</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>This loop reads the contents of the storage file, looking for matches.
-If the protocol, host, and username from <code>known</code> match this line, the program prints the results to stdout and exits.</p>
-</li>
-</ol>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>We’ll save our helper as <code>git-credential-read-only</code>, put it somewhere in our <code>PATH</code> and mark it executable.
-Here’s what an interactive session looks like:</p>
-</div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content">
-<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git credential-read-only --file=/mnt/shared/creds get
-protocol=https
-host=mygithost
-username=bob
-protocol=https
-host=mygithost
-username=bob
-password=s3cre7</code></pre>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>Since its name starts with “git-”, we can use the simple syntax for the configuration value:</p>
-</div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content">
-<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git config --global credential.helper 'read-only --file /mnt/shared/creds'</code></pre>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="paragraph">
-<p>As you can see, extending this system is pretty straightforward, and can solve some common problems for you and your team.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div id="nav"><a href="ch00/_replace.html">prev</a> | <a href="Git-Tools-Summary.html">next</a></div></div>
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