wasmtime 28.0.0 → 29.0.0

data/ext/cargo-vendor/wasm-bindgen-macro-support-0.2.100/src/parser.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,2332 @@
+use std::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::str::Chars;
+use std::{char, iter};
+
+use ast::OperationKind;
+use backend::ast::{self, ThreadLocal};
+use backend::util::{ident_ty, ShortHash};
+use backend::Diagnostic;
+use proc_macro2::{Ident, Span, TokenStream, TokenTree};
+use quote::ToTokens;
+use shared::identifier::is_valid_ident;
+use syn::ext::IdentExt;
+use syn::parse::{Parse, ParseStream, Result as SynResult};
+use syn::spanned::Spanned;
+use syn::visit_mut::VisitMut;
+use syn::{ItemFn, Lit, MacroDelimiter, ReturnType};
+
+use crate::ClassMarker;
+
+thread_local!(static ATTRS: AttributeParseState = Default::default());
+
+/// Javascript keywords.
+///
+/// Note that some of these keywords are only reserved in strict mode. Since we
+/// generate strict mode JS code, we treat all of these as reserved.
+///
+/// https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Lexical_grammar#reserved_words
+const JS_KEYWORDS: [&str; 47] = [
+    "arguments",
+    "break",
+    "case",
+    "catch",
+    "class",
+    "const",
+    "continue",
+    "debugger",
+    "default",
+    "delete",
+    "do",
+    "else",
+    "enum",
+    "eval",
+    "export",
+    "extends",
+    "false",
+    "finally",
+    "for",
+    "function",
+    "if",
+    "implements",
+    "import",
+    "in",
+    "instanceof",
+    "interface",
+    "let",
+    "new",
+    "null",
+    "package",
+    "private",
+    "protected",
+    "public",
+    "return",
+    "static",
+    "super",
+    "switch",
+    "this",
+    "throw",
+    "true",
+    "try",
+    "typeof",
+    "var",
+    "void",
+    "while",
+    "with",
+    "yield",
+];
+
+/// Javascript keywords that behave like values in that they can be called like
+/// functions or have properties accessed on them.
+///
+/// Naturally, this list is a subset of `JS_KEYWORDS`.
+const VALUE_LIKE_JS_KEYWORDS: [&str; 7] = [
+    "eval",   // eval is a function-like keyword, so e.g. `eval(...)` is valid
+    "false",  // false resolves to a boolean value, so e.g. `false.toString()` is valid
+    "import", // import.meta and import()
+    "new",    // new.target
+    "super", // super can be used for a function call (`super(...)`) or property lookup (`super.prop`)
+    "this",  // this obviously can be used as a value
+    "true",  // true resolves to a boolean value, so e.g. `false.toString()` is valid
+];
+
+/// Returns whether the given string is a JS keyword.
+fn is_js_keyword(keyword: &str) -> bool {
+    JS_KEYWORDS.contains(&keyword)
+}
+/// Returns whether the given string is a JS keyword that does NOT behave like
+/// a value.
+///
+/// Value-like keywords can be called like functions or have properties
+/// accessed, which makes it possible to use them in imports. In general,
+/// imports should use this function to check for reserved keywords.
+fn is_non_value_js_keyword(keyword: &str) -> bool {
+    JS_KEYWORDS.contains(&keyword) && !VALUE_LIKE_JS_KEYWORDS.contains(&keyword)
+}
+
+/// Return an [`Err`] if the given string contains a comment close syntax (`*/``).
+fn check_js_comment_close(str: &str, span: Span) -> Result<(), Diagnostic> {
+    if str.contains("*/") {
+        Err(Diagnostic::span_error(
+            span,
+            "contains comment close syntax",
+        ))
+    } else {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Return an [`Err`] if the given string is a JS keyword or contains a comment close syntax (`*/``).
+fn check_invalid_type(str: &str, span: Span) -> Result<(), Diagnostic> {
+    if is_js_keyword(str) {
+        return Err(Diagnostic::span_error(span, "collides with JS keyword"));
+    }
+    check_js_comment_close(str, span)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct AttributeParseState {
+    parsed: Cell<usize>,
+    checks: Cell<usize>,
+    unused_attrs: RefCell<Vec<UnusedState>>,
+}
+
+struct UnusedState {
+    error: bool,
+    ident: Ident,
+}
+
+/// Parsed attributes from a `#[wasm_bindgen(..)]`.
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "extra-traits", derive(Debug))]
+pub struct BindgenAttrs {
+    /// List of parsed attributes
+    pub attrs: Vec<(Cell<bool>, BindgenAttr)>,
+}
+
+/// A list of identifiers representing the namespace prefix of an imported
+/// function or constant.
+///
+/// The list is guaranteed to be non-empty and not start with a JS keyword.
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "extra-traits", derive(Debug))]
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct JsNamespace(Vec<String>);
+
+macro_rules! attrgen {
+    ($mac:ident) => {
+        $mac! {
+            (catch, false, Catch(Span)),
+            (constructor, false, Constructor(Span)),
+            (method, false, Method(Span)),
+            (static_method_of, false, StaticMethodOf(Span, Ident)),
+            (js_namespace, false, JsNamespace(Span, JsNamespace, Vec<Span>)),
+            (module, false, Module(Span, String, Span)),
+            (raw_module, false, RawModule(Span, String, Span)),
+            (inline_js, false, InlineJs(Span, String, Span)),
+            (getter, false, Getter(Span, Option<String>)),
+            (setter, false, Setter(Span, Option<String>)),
+            (indexing_getter, false, IndexingGetter(Span)),
+            (indexing_setter, false, IndexingSetter(Span)),
+            (indexing_deleter, false, IndexingDeleter(Span)),
+            (structural, false, Structural(Span)),
+            (r#final, false, Final(Span)),
+            (readonly, false, Readonly(Span)),
+            (js_name, false, JsName(Span, String, Span)),
+            (js_class, false, JsClass(Span, String, Span)),
+            (inspectable, false, Inspectable(Span)),
+            (is_type_of, false, IsTypeOf(Span, syn::Expr)),
+            (extends, false, Extends(Span, syn::Path)),
+            (no_deref, false, NoDeref(Span)),
+            (vendor_prefix, false, VendorPrefix(Span, Ident)),
+            (variadic, false, Variadic(Span)),
+            (typescript_custom_section, false, TypescriptCustomSection(Span)),
+            (skip_typescript, false, SkipTypescript(Span)),
+            (skip_jsdoc, false, SkipJsDoc(Span)),
+            (main, false, Main(Span)),
+            (start, false, Start(Span)),
+            (wasm_bindgen, false, WasmBindgen(Span, syn::Path)),
+            (js_sys, false, JsSys(Span, syn::Path)),
+            (wasm_bindgen_futures, false, WasmBindgenFutures(Span, syn::Path)),
+            (skip, false, Skip(Span)),
+            (typescript_type, false, TypeScriptType(Span, String, Span)),
+            (getter_with_clone, false, GetterWithClone(Span)),
+            (static_string, false, StaticString(Span)),
+            (thread_local, false, ThreadLocal(Span)),
+            (thread_local_v2, false, ThreadLocalV2(Span)),
+            (unchecked_return_type, true, ReturnType(Span, String, Span)),
+            (return_description, true, ReturnDesc(Span, String, Span)),
+            (unchecked_param_type, true, ParamType(Span, String, Span)),
+            (param_description, true, ParamDesc(Span, String, Span)),
+
+            // For testing purposes only.
+            (assert_no_shim, false, AssertNoShim(Span)),
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+macro_rules! methods {
+    ($(($name:ident, $invalid_unused:literal, $variant:ident($($contents:tt)*)),)*) => {
+        $(methods!(@method $name, $variant($($contents)*));)*
+
+        fn enforce_used(self) -> Result<(), Diagnostic> {
+            // Account for the fact this method was called
+            ATTRS.with(|state| state.checks.set(state.checks.get() + 1));
+
+            let mut errors = Vec::new();
+            for (used, attr) in self.attrs.iter() {
+                if used.get() {
+                    continue
+                }
+                let span = match attr {
+                    $(BindgenAttr::$variant(span, ..) => span,)*
+                };
+                errors.push(Diagnostic::span_error(*span, "unused wasm_bindgen attribute"));
+            }
+            Diagnostic::from_vec(errors)
+        }
+
+        fn check_used(self) {
+            // Account for the fact this method was called
+            ATTRS.with(|state| {
+                state.checks.set(state.checks.get() + 1);
+
+                state.unused_attrs.borrow_mut().extend(
+                    self.attrs
+                    .iter()
+                    .filter_map(|(used, attr)| if used.get() { None } else { Some(attr) })
+                    .map(|attr| {
+                        match attr {
+                            $(BindgenAttr::$variant(span, ..) => {
+                                UnusedState {
+                                    error: $invalid_unused,
+                                    ident: syn::parse_quote_spanned!(*span => $name)
+                                }
+                            })*
+                        }
+                    })
+                );
+            });
+        }
+    };
+
+    (@method $name:ident, $variant:ident(Span, String, Span)) => {
+        pub(crate) fn $name(&self) -> Option<(&str, Span)> {
+            self.attrs
+                .iter()
+                .find_map(|a| match &a.1 {
+                    BindgenAttr::$variant(_, s, span) => {
+                        a.0.set(true);
+                        Some((&s[..], *span))
+                    }
+                    _ => None,
+                })
+        }
+    };
+
+    (@method $name:ident, $variant:ident(Span, JsNamespace, Vec<Span>)) => {
+        pub(crate) fn $name(&self) -> Option<(JsNamespace, &[Span])> {
+            self.attrs
+                .iter()
+                .find_map(|a| match &a.1 {
+                    BindgenAttr::$variant(_, ss, spans) => {
+                        a.0.set(true);
+                        Some((ss.clone(), &spans[..]))
+                    }
+                    _ => None,
+                })
+        }
+    };
+
+    (@method $name:ident, $variant:ident(Span, $($other:tt)*)) => {
+        #[allow(unused)]
+        pub(crate) fn $name(&self) -> Option<&$($other)*> {
+            self.attrs
+                .iter()
+                .find_map(|a| match &a.1 {
+                    BindgenAttr::$variant(_, s) => {
+                        a.0.set(true);
+                        Some(s)
+                    }
+                    _ => None,
+                })
+        }
+    };
+
+    (@method $name:ident, $variant:ident($($other:tt)*)) => {
+        #[allow(unused)]
+        pub(crate) fn $name(&self) -> Option<&$($other)*> {
+            self.attrs
+                .iter()
+                .find_map(|a| match &a.1 {
+                    BindgenAttr::$variant(s) => {
+                        a.0.set(true);
+                        Some(s)
+                    }
+                    _ => None,
+                })
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+impl BindgenAttrs {
+    /// Find and parse the wasm_bindgen attributes.
+    fn find(attrs: &mut Vec<syn::Attribute>) -> Result<BindgenAttrs, Diagnostic> {
+        let mut ret = BindgenAttrs::default();
+        loop {
+            let pos = attrs
+                .iter()
+                .enumerate()
+                .find(|&(_, m)| m.path().segments[0].ident == "wasm_bindgen")
+                .map(|a| a.0);
+            let pos = match pos {
+                Some(i) => i,
+                None => return Ok(ret),
+            };
+            let attr = attrs.remove(pos);
+            let tokens = match attr.meta {
+                syn::Meta::Path(_) => continue,
+                syn::Meta::List(syn::MetaList {
+                    delimiter: MacroDelimiter::Paren(_),
+                    tokens,
+                    ..
+                }) => tokens,
+                syn::Meta::List(_) | syn::Meta::NameValue(_) => {
+                    bail_span!(attr, "malformed #[wasm_bindgen] attribute")
+                }
+            };
+            let mut attrs: BindgenAttrs = syn::parse2(tokens)?;
+            ret.attrs.append(&mut attrs.attrs);
+            attrs.check_used();
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn get_thread_local(&self) -> Result<Option<ThreadLocal>, Diagnostic> {
+        let mut thread_local = self.thread_local_v2().map(|_| ThreadLocal::V2);
+
+        if let Some(span) = self.thread_local() {
+            if thread_local.is_some() {
+                return Err(Diagnostic::span_error(
+                    *span,
+                    "`thread_local` can't be used with `thread_local_v2`",
+                ));
+            } else {
+                thread_local = Some(ThreadLocal::V1)
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(thread_local)
+    }
+
+    attrgen!(methods);
+}
+
+impl Default for BindgenAttrs {
+    fn default() -> BindgenAttrs {
+        // Add 1 to the list of parsed attribute sets. We'll use this counter to
+        // sanity check that we call `check_used` an appropriate number of
+        // times.
+        ATTRS.with(|state| state.parsed.set(state.parsed.get() + 1));
+        BindgenAttrs { attrs: Vec::new() }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Parse for BindgenAttrs {
+    fn parse(input: ParseStream) -> SynResult<Self> {
+        let mut attrs = BindgenAttrs::default();
+        if input.is_empty() {
+            return Ok(attrs);
+        }
+
+        let opts = syn::punctuated::Punctuated::<_, syn::token::Comma>::parse_terminated(input)?;
+        attrs.attrs = opts.into_iter().map(|c| (Cell::new(false), c)).collect();
+        Ok(attrs)
+    }
+}
+
+macro_rules! gen_bindgen_attr {
+    ($(($method:ident, $_:literal, $($variants:tt)*),)*) => {
+        /// The possible attributes in the `#[wasm_bindgen]`.
+        #[cfg_attr(feature = "extra-traits", derive(Debug))]
+        pub enum BindgenAttr {
+            $($($variants)*,)*
+        }
+    }
+}
+attrgen!(gen_bindgen_attr);
+
+impl Parse for BindgenAttr {
+    fn parse(input: ParseStream) -> SynResult<Self> {
+        let original = input.fork();
+        let attr: AnyIdent = input.parse()?;
+        let attr = attr.0;
+        let attr_span = attr.span();
+        let attr_string = attr.to_string();
+        let raw_attr_string = format!("r#{}", attr_string);
+
+        macro_rules! parsers {
+            ($(($name:ident, $_:literal, $($contents:tt)*),)*) => {
+                $(
+                    if attr_string == stringify!($name) || raw_attr_string == stringify!($name) {
+                        parsers!(
+                            @parser
+                            $($contents)*
+                        );
+                    }
+                )*
+            };
+
+            (@parser $variant:ident(Span)) => ({
+                return Ok(BindgenAttr::$variant(attr_span));
+            });
+
+            (@parser $variant:ident(Span, Ident)) => ({
+                input.parse::<Token![=]>()?;
+                let ident = input.parse::<AnyIdent>()?.0;
+                return Ok(BindgenAttr::$variant(attr_span, ident))
+            });
+
+            (@parser $variant:ident(Span, Option<String>)) => ({
+                if input.parse::<Token![=]>().is_ok() {
+                    if input.peek(syn::LitStr) {
+                        let litstr = input.parse::<syn::LitStr>()?;
+                        return Ok(BindgenAttr::$variant(attr_span, Some(litstr.value())))
+                    }
+
+                    let ident = input.parse::<AnyIdent>()?.0;
+                    return Ok(BindgenAttr::$variant(attr_span, Some(ident.to_string())))
+                } else {
+                    return Ok(BindgenAttr::$variant(attr_span, None));
+                }
+            });
+
+            (@parser $variant:ident(Span, syn::Path)) => ({
+                input.parse::<Token![=]>()?;
+                return Ok(BindgenAttr::$variant(attr_span, input.parse()?));
+            });
+
+            (@parser $variant:ident(Span, syn::Expr)) => ({
+                input.parse::<Token![=]>()?;
+                return Ok(BindgenAttr::$variant(attr_span, input.parse()?));
+            });
+
+            (@parser $variant:ident(Span, String, Span)) => ({
+                input.parse::<Token![=]>()?;
+                let (val, span) = match input.parse::<syn::LitStr>() {
+                    Ok(str) => (str.value(), str.span()),
+                    Err(_) => {
+                        let ident = input.parse::<AnyIdent>()?.0;
+                        (ident.to_string(), ident.span())
+                    }
+                };
+                return Ok(BindgenAttr::$variant(attr_span, val, span))
+            });
+
+            (@parser $variant:ident(Span, JsNamespace, Vec<Span>)) => ({
+                input.parse::<Token![=]>()?;
+                let (vals, spans) = match input.parse::<syn::ExprArray>() {
+                    Ok(exprs) => {
+                        let mut vals = vec![];
+                        let mut spans = vec![];
+
+                        for expr in exprs.elems.iter() {
+                            if let syn::Expr::Lit(syn::ExprLit {
+                                lit: syn::Lit::Str(ref str),
+                                ..
+                            }) = expr {
+                                vals.push(str.value());
+                                spans.push(str.span());
+                            } else {
+                                return Err(syn::Error::new(expr.span(), "expected string literals"));
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        if vals.is_empty() {
+                            return Err(syn::Error::new(exprs.span(), "Empty namespace lists are not allowed."));
+                        }
+
+                        (vals, spans)
+                    },
+                    Err(_) => {
+                        let ident = input.parse::<AnyIdent>()?.0;
+                        (vec![ident.to_string()], vec![ident.span()])
+                    }
+                };
+
+                let first = &vals[0];
+                if is_non_value_js_keyword(first) {
+                    let msg = format!("Namespace cannot start with the JS keyword `{}`", first);
+                    return Err(syn::Error::new(spans[0], msg));
+                }
+
+                return Ok(BindgenAttr::$variant(attr_span, JsNamespace(vals), spans))
+            });
+        }
+
+        attrgen!(parsers);
+
+        Err(original.error(if attr_string.starts_with('_') {
+            "unknown attribute: it's safe to remove unused attributes entirely."
+        } else {
+            "unknown attribute"
+        }))
+    }
+}
+
+struct AnyIdent(Ident);
+
+impl Parse for AnyIdent {
+    fn parse(input: ParseStream) -> SynResult<Self> {
+        input.step(|cursor| match cursor.ident() {
+            Some((ident, remaining)) => Ok((AnyIdent(ident), remaining)),
+            None => Err(cursor.error("expected an identifier")),
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+/// Conversion trait with context.
+///
+/// Used to convert syn tokens into an AST, that we can then use to generate glue code. The context
+/// (`Ctx`) is used to pass in the attributes from the `#[wasm_bindgen]`, if needed.
+pub(crate) trait ConvertToAst<Ctx> {
+    /// What we are converting to.
+    type Target;
+    /// Convert into our target.
+    ///
+    /// Since this is used in a procedural macro, use panic to fail.
+    fn convert(self, context: Ctx) -> Result<Self::Target, Diagnostic>;
+}
+
+impl ConvertToAst<&ast::Program> for &mut syn::ItemStruct {
+    type Target = ast::Struct;
+
+    fn convert(self, program: &ast::Program) -> Result<Self::Target, Diagnostic> {
+        if !self.generics.params.is_empty() {
+            bail_span!(
+                self.generics,
+                "structs with #[wasm_bindgen] cannot have lifetime or \
+                 type parameters currently"
+            );
+        }
+        let attrs = BindgenAttrs::find(&mut self.attrs)?;
+
+        let mut fields = Vec::new();
+        let js_name = attrs
+            .js_name()
+            .map(|s| s.0.to_string())
+            .unwrap_or(self.ident.unraw().to_string());
+        if is_js_keyword(&js_name) {
+            bail_span!(
+                self.ident,
+                "struct cannot use the JS keyword `{}` as its name",
+                js_name
+            );
+        }
+
+        let is_inspectable = attrs.inspectable().is_some();
+        let getter_with_clone = attrs.getter_with_clone();
+        for (i, field) in self.fields.iter_mut().enumerate() {
+            match field.vis {
+                syn::Visibility::Public(..) => {}
+                _ => continue,
+            }
+            let (js_field_name, member) = match &field.ident {
+                Some(ident) => (ident.unraw().to_string(), syn::Member::Named(ident.clone())),
+                None => (i.to_string(), syn::Member::Unnamed(i.into())),
+            };
+
+            let attrs = BindgenAttrs::find(&mut field.attrs)?;
+            if attrs.skip().is_some() {
+                attrs.check_used();
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            let js_field_name = match attrs.js_name() {
+                Some((name, _)) => name.to_string(),
+                None => js_field_name,
+            };
+
+            let comments = extract_doc_comments(&field.attrs);
+            let getter = shared::struct_field_get(&js_name, &js_field_name);
+            let setter = shared::struct_field_set(&js_name, &js_field_name);
+
+            fields.push(ast::StructField {
+                rust_name: member,
+                js_name: js_field_name,
+                struct_name: self.ident.clone(),
+                readonly: attrs.readonly().is_some(),
+                ty: field.ty.clone(),
+                getter: Ident::new(&getter, Span::call_site()),
+                setter: Ident::new(&setter, Span::call_site()),
+                comments,
+                generate_typescript: attrs.skip_typescript().is_none(),
+                generate_jsdoc: attrs.skip_jsdoc().is_none(),
+                getter_with_clone: attrs.getter_with_clone().or(getter_with_clone).copied(),
+                wasm_bindgen: program.wasm_bindgen.clone(),
+            });
+            attrs.check_used();
+        }
+        let generate_typescript = attrs.skip_typescript().is_none();
+        let comments: Vec<String> = extract_doc_comments(&self.attrs);
+        attrs.check_used();
+        Ok(ast::Struct {
+            rust_name: self.ident.clone(),
+            js_name,
+            fields,
+            comments,
+            is_inspectable,
+            generate_typescript,
+            wasm_bindgen: program.wasm_bindgen.clone(),
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+fn get_ty(mut ty: &syn::Type) -> &syn::Type {
+    while let syn::Type::Group(g) = ty {
+        ty = &g.elem;
+    }
+
+    ty
+}
+
+fn get_expr(mut expr: &syn::Expr) -> &syn::Expr {
+    while let syn::Expr::Group(g) = expr {
+        expr = &g.expr;
+    }
+
+    expr
+}
+
+impl<'a> ConvertToAst<(&ast::Program, BindgenAttrs, &'a Option<ast::ImportModule>)>
+    for syn::ForeignItemFn
+{
+    type Target = ast::ImportKind;
+
+    fn convert(
+        self,
+        (program, opts, module): (&ast::Program, BindgenAttrs, &'a Option<ast::ImportModule>),
+    ) -> Result<Self::Target, Diagnostic> {
+        let (mut wasm, _) = function_from_decl(
+            &self.sig.ident,
+            &opts,
+            self.sig.clone(),
+            self.attrs.clone(),
+            self.vis.clone(),
+            FunctionPosition::Extern,
+            None,
+        )?;
+        let catch = opts.catch().is_some();
+        let variadic = opts.variadic().is_some();
+        let js_ret = if catch {
+            // TODO: this assumes a whole bunch:
+            //
+            // * The outer type is actually a `Result`
+            // * The error type is a `JsValue`
+            // * The actual type is the first type parameter
+            //
+            // should probably fix this one day...
+            extract_first_ty_param(wasm.ret.as_ref().map(|ret| &ret.r#type))?
+        } else {
+            wasm.ret.as_ref().map(|ret| ret.r#type.clone())
+        };
+
+        let operation_kind = operation_kind(&opts);
+
+        let kind = if opts.method().is_some() {
+            let class = wasm.arguments.first().ok_or_else(|| {
+                err_span!(self, "imported methods must have at least one argument")
+            })?;
+            let class = match get_ty(&class.pat_type.ty) {
+                syn::Type::Reference(syn::TypeReference {
+                    mutability: None,
+                    elem,
+                    ..
+                }) => &**elem,
+                _ => bail_span!(
+                    class.pat_type.ty,
+                    "first argument of method must be a shared reference"
+                ),
+            };
+            let class_name = match get_ty(class) {
+                syn::Type::Path(syn::TypePath {
+                    qself: None,
+                    ref path,
+                }) => path,
+                _ => bail_span!(class, "first argument of method must be a path"),
+            };
+            let class_name = extract_path_ident(class_name)?;
+            let class_name = opts
+                .js_class()
+                .map(|p| p.0.into())
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| class_name.to_string());
+
+            let kind = ast::MethodKind::Operation(ast::Operation {
+                is_static: false,
+                kind: operation_kind,
+            });
+
+            ast::ImportFunctionKind::Method {
+                class: class_name,
+                ty: class.clone(),
+                kind,
+            }
+        } else if let Some(cls) = opts.static_method_of() {
+            let class = opts
+                .js_class()
+                .map(|p| p.0.into())
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| cls.to_string());
+            let ty = ident_ty(cls.clone());
+
+            let kind = ast::MethodKind::Operation(ast::Operation {
+                is_static: true,
+                kind: operation_kind,
+            });
+
+            ast::ImportFunctionKind::Method { class, ty, kind }
+        } else if opts.constructor().is_some() {
+            let class = match js_ret {
+                Some(ref ty) => ty,
+                _ => bail_span!(self, "constructor returns must be bare types"),
+            };
+            let class_name = match get_ty(class) {
+                syn::Type::Path(syn::TypePath {
+                    qself: None,
+                    ref path,
+                }) => path,
+                _ => bail_span!(self, "return value of constructor must be a bare path"),
+            };
+            let class_name = extract_path_ident(class_name)?;
+            let class_name = opts
+                .js_class()
+                .map(|p| p.0.into())
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| class_name.to_string());
+
+            ast::ImportFunctionKind::Method {
+                class: class_name,
+                ty: class.clone(),
+                kind: ast::MethodKind::Constructor,
+            }
+        } else {
+            ast::ImportFunctionKind::Normal
+        };
+
+        let shim = {
+            let ns = match kind {
+                ast::ImportFunctionKind::Normal => (0, "n"),
+                ast::ImportFunctionKind::Method { ref class, .. } => (1, &class[..]),
+            };
+            let data = (ns, self.sig.to_token_stream().to_string(), module);
+            format!(
+                "__wbg_{}_{}",
+                wasm.name
+                    .chars()
+                    .filter(|c| c.is_ascii_alphanumeric())
+                    .collect::<String>(),
+                ShortHash(data)
+            )
+        };
+        if let Some(span) = opts.r#final() {
+            if opts.structural().is_some() {
+                let msg = "cannot specify both `structural` and `final`";
+                return Err(Diagnostic::span_error(*span, msg));
+            }
+        }
+        let assert_no_shim = opts.assert_no_shim().is_some();
+
+        let mut doc_comment = String::new();
+        // Extract the doc comments from our list of attributes.
+        wasm.rust_attrs.retain(|attr| {
+            /// Returns the contents of the passed `#[doc = "..."]` attribute,
+            /// or `None` if it isn't one.
+            fn get_docs(attr: &syn::Attribute) -> Option<String> {
+                if attr.path().is_ident("doc") {
+                    if let syn::Meta::NameValue(syn::MetaNameValue {
+                        value:
+                            syn::Expr::Lit(syn::ExprLit {
+                                lit: Lit::Str(str), ..
+                            }),
+                        ..
+                    }) = &attr.meta
+                    {
+                        Some(str.value())
+                    } else {
+                        None
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            }
+
+            if let Some(docs) = get_docs(attr) {
+                if !doc_comment.is_empty() {
+                    // Add newlines between the doc comments
+                    doc_comment.push('\n');
+                }
+                // Add this doc comment to the complete docs
+                doc_comment.push_str(&docs);
+
+                // Remove it from the list of regular attributes
+                false
+            } else {
+                true
+            }
+        });
+
+        let ret = ast::ImportKind::Function(ast::ImportFunction {
+            function: wasm,
+            assert_no_shim,
+            kind,
+            js_ret,
+            catch,
+            variadic,
+            structural: opts.structural().is_some() || opts.r#final().is_none(),
+            rust_name: self.sig.ident,
+            shim: Ident::new(&shim, Span::call_site()),
+            doc_comment,
+            wasm_bindgen: program.wasm_bindgen.clone(),
+            wasm_bindgen_futures: program.wasm_bindgen_futures.clone(),
+        });
+        opts.check_used();
+
+        Ok(ret)
+    }
+}
+
+impl ConvertToAst<(&ast::Program, BindgenAttrs)> for syn::ForeignItemType {
+    type Target = ast::ImportKind;
+
+    fn convert(
+        self,
+        (program, attrs): (&ast::Program, BindgenAttrs),
+    ) -> Result<Self::Target, Diagnostic> {
+        let js_name = attrs
+            .js_name()
+            .map(|s| s.0)
+            .map_or_else(|| self.ident.to_string(), |s| s.to_string());
+        let typescript_type = attrs.typescript_type().map(|s| s.0.to_string());
+        let is_type_of = attrs.is_type_of().cloned();
+        let shim = format!(
+            "__wbg_instanceof_{}_{}",
+            self.ident,
+            ShortHash((attrs.js_namespace().map(|(ns, _)| ns.0), &self.ident))
+        );
+        let mut extends = Vec::new();
+        let mut vendor_prefixes = Vec::new();
+        let no_deref = attrs.no_deref().is_some();
+        for (used, attr) in attrs.attrs.iter() {
+            match attr {
+                BindgenAttr::Extends(_, e) => {
+                    extends.push(e.clone());
+                    used.set(true);
+                }
+                BindgenAttr::VendorPrefix(_, e) => {
+                    vendor_prefixes.push(e.clone());
+                    used.set(true);
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
+        attrs.check_used();
+        Ok(ast::ImportKind::Type(ast::ImportType {
+            vis: self.vis,
+            attrs: self.attrs,
+            doc_comment: None,
+            instanceof_shim: shim,
+            is_type_of,
+            rust_name: self.ident,
+            typescript_type,
+            js_name,
+            extends,
+            vendor_prefixes,
+            no_deref,
+            wasm_bindgen: program.wasm_bindgen.clone(),
+        }))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> ConvertToAst<(&ast::Program, BindgenAttrs, &'a Option<ast::ImportModule>)>
+    for syn::ForeignItemStatic
+{
+    type Target = ast::ImportKind;
+
+    fn convert(
+        self,
+        (program, opts, module): (&ast::Program, BindgenAttrs, &'a Option<ast::ImportModule>),
+    ) -> Result<Self::Target, Diagnostic> {
+        if let syn::StaticMutability::Mut(_) = self.mutability {
+            bail_span!(self.mutability, "cannot import mutable globals yet")
+        }
+
+        if let Some(span) = opts.static_string() {
+            return Err(Diagnostic::span_error(
+                *span,
+                "static strings require a string literal",
+            ));
+        }
+
+        let default_name = self.ident.to_string();
+        let js_name = opts
+            .js_name()
+            .map(|p| p.0)
+            .unwrap_or(&default_name)
+            .to_string();
+        let shim = format!(
+            "__wbg_static_accessor_{}_{}",
+            self.ident,
+            ShortHash((&js_name, module, &self.ident)),
+        );
+        let thread_local = opts.get_thread_local()?;
+
+        opts.check_used();
+        Ok(ast::ImportKind::Static(ast::ImportStatic {
+            ty: *self.ty,
+            vis: self.vis,
+            rust_name: self.ident.clone(),
+            js_name,
+            shim: Ident::new(&shim, Span::call_site()),
+            wasm_bindgen: program.wasm_bindgen.clone(),
+            thread_local,
+        }))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> ConvertToAst<(&ast::Program, BindgenAttrs, &'a Option<ast::ImportModule>)>
+    for syn::ItemStatic
+{
+    type Target = ast::ImportKind;
+
+    fn convert(
+        self,
+        (program, opts, module): (&ast::Program, BindgenAttrs, &'a Option<ast::ImportModule>),
+    ) -> Result<Self::Target, Diagnostic> {
+        if let syn::StaticMutability::Mut(_) = self.mutability {
+            bail_span!(self.mutability, "cannot import mutable globals yet")
+        }
+
+        let string = if let syn::Expr::Lit(syn::ExprLit {
+            lit: syn::Lit::Str(string),
+            ..
+        }) = *self.expr.clone()
+        {
+            string.value()
+        } else {
+            bail_span!(
+                self.expr,
+                "statics with a value can only be string literals"
+            )
+        };
+
+        if opts.static_string().is_none() {
+            bail_span!(
+                self,
+                "static strings require `#[wasm_bindgen(static_string)]`"
+            )
+        }
+
+        let thread_local = if let Some(thread_local) = opts.get_thread_local()? {
+            thread_local
+        } else {
+            bail_span!(
+                self,
+                "static strings require `#[wasm_bindgen(thread_local_v2)]`"
+            )
+        };
+
+        let shim = format!(
+            "__wbg_string_{}_{}",
+            self.ident,
+            ShortHash((&module, &self.ident)),
+        );
+        opts.check_used();
+        Ok(ast::ImportKind::String(ast::ImportString {
+            ty: *self.ty,
+            vis: self.vis,
+            rust_name: self.ident.clone(),
+            shim: Ident::new(&shim, Span::call_site()),
+            wasm_bindgen: program.wasm_bindgen.clone(),
+            js_sys: program.js_sys.clone(),
+            string,
+            thread_local,
+        }))
+    }
+}
+
+impl ConvertToAst<(BindgenAttrs, Vec<FnArgAttrs>)> for syn::ItemFn {
+    type Target = ast::Function;
+
+    fn convert(
+        self,
+        (attrs, args_attrs): (BindgenAttrs, Vec<FnArgAttrs>),
+    ) -> Result<Self::Target, Diagnostic> {
+        match self.vis {
+            syn::Visibility::Public(_) => {}
+            _ if attrs.start().is_some() => {}
+            _ => bail_span!(self, "can only #[wasm_bindgen] public functions"),
+        }
+        if self.sig.constness.is_some() {
+            bail_span!(
+                self.sig.constness,
+                "can only #[wasm_bindgen] non-const functions"
+            );
+        }
+
+        let (mut ret, _) = function_from_decl(
+            &self.sig.ident,
+            &attrs,
+            self.sig.clone(),
+            self.attrs,
+            self.vis,
+            FunctionPosition::Free,
+            Some(args_attrs),
+        )?;
+        attrs.check_used();
+
+        // Due to legacy behavior, we need to escape all keyword identifiers as
+        // `_keyword`, except `default`
+        if is_js_keyword(&ret.name) && ret.name != "default" {
+            ret.name = format!("_{}", ret.name);
+        }
+
+        Ok(ret)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Returns whether `self` is passed by reference or by value.
+fn get_self_method(r: syn::Receiver) -> ast::MethodSelf {
+    // The tricky part here is that `r` can have many forms. E.g. `self`,
+    // `&self`, `&mut self`, `self: Self`, `self: &Self`, `self: &mut Self`,
+    // `self: Box<Self>`, `self: Rc<Self>`, etc.
+    // Luckily, syn always populates the `ty` field with the type of `self`, so
+    // e.g. `&self` gets the type `&Self`. So we only have check whether the
+    // type is a reference or not.
+    match &*r.ty {
+        syn::Type::Reference(ty) => {
+            if ty.mutability.is_some() {
+                ast::MethodSelf::RefMutable
+            } else {
+                ast::MethodSelf::RefShared
+            }
+        }
+        _ => ast::MethodSelf::ByValue,
+    }
+}
+
+enum FunctionPosition<'a> {
+    Extern,
+    Free,
+    Impl { self_ty: &'a Ident },
+}
+
+/// Construct a function (and gets the self type if appropriate) for our AST from a syn function.
+#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+fn function_from_decl(
+    decl_name: &syn::Ident,
+    opts: &BindgenAttrs,
+    sig: syn::Signature,
+    attrs: Vec<syn::Attribute>,
+    vis: syn::Visibility,
+    position: FunctionPosition,
+    args_attrs: Option<Vec<FnArgAttrs>>,
+) -> Result<(ast::Function, Option<ast::MethodSelf>), Diagnostic> {
+    if sig.variadic.is_some() {
+        bail_span!(sig.variadic, "can't #[wasm_bindgen] variadic functions");
+    }
+    if !sig.generics.params.is_empty() {
+        bail_span!(
+            sig.generics,
+            "can't #[wasm_bindgen] functions with lifetime or type parameters",
+        );
+    }
+
+    assert_no_lifetimes(&sig)?;
+
+    let syn::Signature { inputs, output, .. } = sig;
+
+    // A helper function to replace `Self` in the function signature of methods.
+    // E.g. `fn get(&self) -> Option<Self>` to `fn get(&self) -> Option<MyType>`
+    // The following comment explains why this is necessary:
+    // https://github.com/rustwasm/wasm-bindgen/issues/3105#issuecomment-1275160744
+    let replace_self = |mut t: syn::Type| {
+        if let FunctionPosition::Impl { self_ty } = position {
+            // This uses a visitor to replace all occurrences of `Self` with
+            // the actual type identifier. The visitor guarantees that we find
+            // all occurrences of `Self`, even if deeply nested and even if
+            // future Rust versions add more places where `Self` can appear.
+            struct SelfReplace(Ident);
+            impl VisitMut for SelfReplace {
+                fn visit_ident_mut(&mut self, i: &mut proc_macro2::Ident) {
+                    if i == "Self" {
+                        *i = self.0.clone();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            let mut replace = SelfReplace(self_ty.clone());
+            replace.visit_type_mut(&mut t);
+        }
+        t
+    };
+
+    // A helper function to replace argument names that are JS keywords.
+    // E.g. this will replace `fn foo(class: u32)` to `fn foo(_class: u32)`
+    let replace_colliding_arg = |i: &mut syn::PatType| {
+        if let syn::Pat::Ident(ref mut i) = *i.pat {
+            let ident = i.ident.unraw().to_string();
+            // JS keywords are NEVER allowed as argument names. Since argument
+            // names are considered an implementation detail in JS, we can
+            // safely rename them to avoid collisions.
+            if is_js_keyword(&ident) {
+                i.ident = Ident::new(format!("_{}", ident).as_str(), i.ident.span());
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    let mut method_self = None;
+    let mut arguments = Vec::new();
+    for arg in inputs.into_iter() {
+        match arg {
+            syn::FnArg::Typed(mut c) => {
+                // typical arguments like foo: u32
+                replace_colliding_arg(&mut c);
+                c.ty = Box::new(replace_self(*c.ty));
+                arguments.push(c);
+            }
+            syn::FnArg::Receiver(r) => {
+                // the self argument, so self, &self, &mut self, self: Box<Self>, etc.
+
+                // `self` is only allowed for `fn`s inside an `impl` block.
+                match position {
+                    FunctionPosition::Free => {
+                        bail_span!(
+                            r.self_token,
+                            "the `self` argument is only allowed for functions in `impl` blocks.\n\n\
+                            If the function is already in an `impl` block, did you perhaps forget to add `#[wasm_bindgen]` to the `impl` block?"
+                        );
+                    }
+                    FunctionPosition::Extern => {
+                        bail_span!(
+                            r.self_token,
+                            "the `self` argument is not allowed for `extern` functions.\n\n\
+                            Did you perhaps mean `this`? For more information on importing JavaScript functions, see:\n\
+                            https://rustwasm.github.io/docs/wasm-bindgen/examples/import-js.html"
+                        );
+                    }
+                    FunctionPosition::Impl { .. } => {}
+                }
+
+                // We need to know *how* `self` is passed to the method (by
+                // value or by reference) to generate the correct JS shim.
+                assert!(method_self.is_none());
+                method_self = Some(get_self_method(r));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // process function return data
+    let ret_ty_override = opts.unchecked_return_type();
+    let ret_desc = opts.return_description();
+    let ret = match output {
+        syn::ReturnType::Default => None,
+        syn::ReturnType::Type(_, ty) => Some(ast::FunctionReturnData {
+            r#type: replace_self(*ty),
+            js_type: ret_ty_override
+                .as_ref()
+                .map_or::<Result<_, Diagnostic>, _>(Ok(None), |(ty, span)| {
+                    check_invalid_type(ty, *span)?;
+                    Ok(Some(ty.to_string()))
+                })?,
+            desc: ret_desc.as_ref().map_or::<Result<_, Diagnostic>, _>(
+                Ok(None),
+                |(desc, span)| {
+                    check_js_comment_close(desc, *span)?;
+                    Ok(Some(desc.to_string()))
+                },
+            )?,
+        }),
+    };
+    // error if there were description or type override specified for
+    // function return while it doesn't actually return anything
+    if ret.is_none() && (ret_ty_override.is_some() || ret_desc.is_some()) {
+        if let Some((_, span)) = ret_ty_override {
+            return Err(Diagnostic::span_error(
+                span,
+                "cannot specify return type for a function that doesn't return",
+            ));
+        }
+        if let Some((_, span)) = ret_desc {
+            return Err(Diagnostic::span_error(
+                span,
+                "cannot specify return description for a function that doesn't return",
+            ));
+        }
+    }
+
+    let (name, name_span, renamed_via_js_name) =
+        if let Some((js_name, js_name_span)) = opts.js_name() {
+            let kind = operation_kind(opts);
+            let prefix = match kind {
+                OperationKind::Setter(_) => "set_",
+                _ => "",
+            };
+            (format!("{}{}", prefix, js_name), js_name_span, true)
+        } else {
+            (decl_name.unraw().to_string(), decl_name.span(), false)
+        };
+
+    Ok((
+        ast::Function {
+            name_span,
+            name,
+            renamed_via_js_name,
+            rust_attrs: attrs,
+            rust_vis: vis,
+            r#unsafe: sig.unsafety.is_some(),
+            r#async: sig.asyncness.is_some(),
+            generate_typescript: opts.skip_typescript().is_none(),
+            generate_jsdoc: opts.skip_jsdoc().is_none(),
+            variadic: opts.variadic().is_some(),
+            ret,
+            arguments: arguments
+                .into_iter()
+                .zip(
+                    args_attrs
+                        .into_iter()
+                        .flatten()
+                        .chain(iter::repeat(FnArgAttrs::default())),
+                )
+                .map(|(pat_type, attrs)| ast::FunctionArgumentData {
+                    pat_type,
+                    js_name: attrs.js_name,
+                    js_type: attrs.js_type,
+                    desc: attrs.desc,
+                })
+                .collect(),
+        },
+        method_self,
+    ))
+}
+
+/// Helper struct to store extracted function argument attrs
+#[derive(Default, Clone)]
+struct FnArgAttrs {
+    js_name: Option<String>,
+    js_type: Option<String>,
+    desc: Option<String>,
+}
+
+/// Extracts function arguments attributes
+fn extract_args_attrs(sig: &mut syn::Signature) -> Result<Vec<FnArgAttrs>, Diagnostic> {
+    let mut args_attrs = vec![];
+    for input in sig.inputs.iter_mut() {
+        if let syn::FnArg::Typed(pat_type) = input {
+            let attrs = BindgenAttrs::find(&mut pat_type.attrs)?;
+            let arg_attrs = FnArgAttrs {
+                js_name: attrs
+                    .js_name()
+                    .map_or(Ok(None), |(js_name_override, span)| {
+                        if is_js_keyword(js_name_override) || !is_valid_ident(js_name_override) {
+                            return Err(Diagnostic::span_error(span, "invalid JS identifier"));
+                        }
+                        Ok(Some(js_name_override.to_string()))
+                    })?,
+                js_type: attrs
+                    .unchecked_param_type()
+                    .map_or::<Result<_, Diagnostic>, _>(Ok(None), |(ty, span)| {
+                        check_invalid_type(ty, span)?;
+                        Ok(Some(ty.to_string()))
+                    })?,
+                desc: attrs
+                    .param_description()
+                    .map_or::<Result<_, Diagnostic>, _>(Ok(None), |(description, span)| {
+                        check_js_comment_close(description, span)?;
+                        Ok(Some(description.to_string()))
+                    })?,
+            };
+            // throw error for any unused attrs
+            attrs.enforce_used()?;
+            args_attrs.push(arg_attrs);
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(args_attrs)
+}
+
+pub(crate) trait MacroParse<Ctx> {
+    /// Parse the contents of an object into our AST, with a context if necessary.
+    ///
+    /// The context is used to have access to the attributes on `#[wasm_bindgen]`, and to allow
+    /// writing to the output `TokenStream`.
+    fn macro_parse(self, program: &mut ast::Program, context: Ctx) -> Result<(), Diagnostic>;
+}
+
+impl<'a> MacroParse<(Option<BindgenAttrs>, &'a mut TokenStream)> for syn::Item {
+    fn macro_parse(
+        self,
+        program: &mut ast::Program,
+        (opts, tokens): (Option<BindgenAttrs>, &'a mut TokenStream),
+    ) -> Result<(), Diagnostic> {
+        match self {
+            syn::Item::Fn(mut f) => {
+                let opts = opts.unwrap_or_default();
+                if let Some(path) = opts.wasm_bindgen() {
+                    program.wasm_bindgen = path.clone();
+                }
+                if let Some(path) = opts.js_sys() {
+                    program.js_sys = path.clone();
+                }
+                if let Some(path) = opts.wasm_bindgen_futures() {
+                    program.wasm_bindgen_futures = path.clone();
+                }
+
+                if opts.main().is_some() {
+                    opts.check_used();
+                    return main(program, f, tokens);
+                }
+
+                let no_mangle = f
+                    .attrs
+                    .iter()
+                    .enumerate()
+                    .find(|(_, m)| m.path().is_ident("no_mangle"));
+                if let Some((i, _)) = no_mangle {
+                    f.attrs.remove(i);
+                }
+                // extract fn args attributes before parsing to tokens stream
+                let args_attrs = extract_args_attrs(&mut f.sig)?;
+                let comments = extract_doc_comments(&f.attrs);
+                // If the function isn't used for anything other than being exported to JS,
+                // it'll be unused when not building for the Wasm target and produce a
+                // `dead_code` warning. So, add `#[allow(dead_code)]` before it to avoid that.
+                tokens.extend(quote::quote! { #[allow(dead_code)] });
+                f.to_tokens(tokens);
+                if opts.start().is_some() {
+                    if !f.sig.generics.params.is_empty() {
+                        bail_span!(&f.sig.generics, "the start function cannot have generics",);
+                    }
+                    if !f.sig.inputs.is_empty() {
+                        bail_span!(&f.sig.inputs, "the start function cannot have arguments",);
+                    }
+                }
+                let method_kind = ast::MethodKind::Operation(ast::Operation {
+                    is_static: true,
+                    kind: operation_kind(&opts),
+                });
+                let rust_name = f.sig.ident.clone();
+                let start = opts.start().is_some();
+
+                program.exports.push(ast::Export {
+                    comments,
+                    function: f.convert((opts, args_attrs))?,
+                    js_class: None,
+                    method_kind,
+                    method_self: None,
+                    rust_class: None,
+                    rust_name,
+                    start,
+                    wasm_bindgen: program.wasm_bindgen.clone(),
+                    wasm_bindgen_futures: program.wasm_bindgen_futures.clone(),
+                });
+            }
+            syn::Item::Impl(mut i) => {
+                let opts = opts.unwrap_or_default();
+                (&mut i).macro_parse(program, opts)?;
+                i.to_tokens(tokens);
+            }
+            syn::Item::ForeignMod(mut f) => {
+                let opts = match opts {
+                    Some(opts) => opts,
+                    None => BindgenAttrs::find(&mut f.attrs)?,
+                };
+                f.macro_parse(program, opts)?;
+            }
+            syn::Item::Enum(mut e) => {
+                let opts = match opts {
+                    Some(opts) => opts,
+                    None => BindgenAttrs::find(&mut e.attrs)?,
+                };
+                e.macro_parse(program, (tokens, opts))?;
+            }
+            syn::Item::Const(mut c) => {
+                let opts = match opts {
+                    Some(opts) => opts,
+                    None => BindgenAttrs::find(&mut c.attrs)?,
+                };
+                c.macro_parse(program, opts)?;
+            }
+            _ => {
+                bail_span!(
+                    self,
+                    "#[wasm_bindgen] can only be applied to a function, \
+                     struct, enum, impl, or extern block",
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl MacroParse<BindgenAttrs> for &mut syn::ItemImpl {
+    fn macro_parse(self, program: &mut ast::Program, opts: BindgenAttrs) -> Result<(), Diagnostic> {
+        if self.defaultness.is_some() {
+            bail_span!(
+                self.defaultness,
+                "#[wasm_bindgen] default impls are not supported"
+            );
+        }
+        if self.unsafety.is_some() {
+            bail_span!(
+                self.unsafety,
+                "#[wasm_bindgen] unsafe impls are not supported"
+            );
+        }
+        if let Some((_, path, _)) = &self.trait_ {
+            bail_span!(path, "#[wasm_bindgen] trait impls are not supported");
+        }
+        if !self.generics.params.is_empty() {
+            bail_span!(
+                self.generics,
+                "#[wasm_bindgen] generic impls aren't supported"
+            );
+        }
+        let name = match get_ty(&self.self_ty) {
+            syn::Type::Path(syn::TypePath {
+                qself: None,
+                ref path,
+            }) => path,
+            _ => bail_span!(
+                self.self_ty,
+                "unsupported self type in #[wasm_bindgen] impl"
+            ),
+        };
+        let mut errors = Vec::new();
+        for item in self.items.iter_mut() {
+            if let Err(e) = prepare_for_impl_recursion(item, name, program, &opts) {
+                errors.push(e);
+            }
+        }
+        Diagnostic::from_vec(errors)?;
+        opts.check_used();
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+// Prepare for recursion into an `impl` block. Here we want to attach an
+// internal attribute, `__wasm_bindgen_class_marker`, with any metadata we need
+// to pass from the impl to the impl item. Recursive macro expansion will then
+// expand the `__wasm_bindgen_class_marker` attribute.
+//
+// Note that we currently do this because inner items may have things like cfgs
+// on them, so we want to expand the impl first, let the insides get cfg'd, and
+// then go for the rest.
+fn prepare_for_impl_recursion(
+    item: &mut syn::ImplItem,
+    class: &syn::Path,
+    program: &ast::Program,
+    impl_opts: &BindgenAttrs,
+) -> Result<(), Diagnostic> {
+    let method = match item {
+        syn::ImplItem::Fn(m) => m,
+        syn::ImplItem::Const(_) => {
+            bail_span!(
+                &*item,
+                "const definitions aren't supported with #[wasm_bindgen]"
+            );
+        }
+        syn::ImplItem::Type(_) => bail_span!(
+            &*item,
+            "type definitions in impls aren't supported with #[wasm_bindgen]"
+        ),
+        syn::ImplItem::Macro(_) => {
+            // In theory we want to allow this, but we have no way of expanding
+            // the macro and then placing our magical attributes on the expanded
+            // functions. As a result, just disallow it for now to hopefully
+            // ward off buggy results from this macro.
+            bail_span!(&*item, "macros in impls aren't supported");
+        }
+        syn::ImplItem::Verbatim(_) => panic!("unparsed impl item?"),
+        other => bail_span!(other, "failed to parse this item as a known item"),
+    };
+
+    let ident = extract_path_ident(class)?;
+
+    let js_class = impl_opts
+        .js_class()
+        .map(|s| s.0.to_string())
+        .unwrap_or(ident.to_string());
+
+    let wasm_bindgen = &program.wasm_bindgen;
+    let wasm_bindgen_futures = &program.wasm_bindgen_futures;
+    method.attrs.insert(
+        0,
+        syn::Attribute {
+            pound_token: Default::default(),
+            style: syn::AttrStyle::Outer,
+            bracket_token: Default::default(),
+            meta: syn::parse_quote! { #wasm_bindgen::prelude::__wasm_bindgen_class_marker(#class = #js_class, wasm_bindgen = #wasm_bindgen, wasm_bindgen_futures = #wasm_bindgen_futures) },
+        },
+    );
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+impl MacroParse<&ClassMarker> for &mut syn::ImplItemFn {
+    fn macro_parse(
+        self,
+        program: &mut ast::Program,
+        ClassMarker {
+            class,
+            js_class,
+            wasm_bindgen,
+            wasm_bindgen_futures,
+        }: &ClassMarker,
+    ) -> Result<(), Diagnostic> {
+        program.wasm_bindgen = wasm_bindgen.clone();
+        program.wasm_bindgen_futures = wasm_bindgen_futures.clone();
+
+        match self.vis {
+            syn::Visibility::Public(_) => {}
+            _ => return Ok(()),
+        }
+        if self.defaultness.is_some() {
+            panic!("default methods are not supported");
+        }
+        if self.sig.constness.is_some() {
+            bail_span!(
+                self.sig.constness,
+                "can only #[wasm_bindgen] non-const functions",
+            );
+        }
+
+        let opts = BindgenAttrs::find(&mut self.attrs)?;
+        let comments = extract_doc_comments(&self.attrs);
+        let args_attrs: Vec<FnArgAttrs> = extract_args_attrs(&mut self.sig)?;
+        let (function, method_self) = function_from_decl(
+            &self.sig.ident,
+            &opts,
+            self.sig.clone(),
+            self.attrs.clone(),
+            self.vis.clone(),
+            FunctionPosition::Impl { self_ty: class },
+            Some(args_attrs),
+        )?;
+        let method_kind = if opts.constructor().is_some() {
+            ast::MethodKind::Constructor
+        } else {
+            let is_static = method_self.is_none();
+            let kind = operation_kind(&opts);
+            ast::MethodKind::Operation(ast::Operation { is_static, kind })
+        };
+        program.exports.push(ast::Export {
+            comments,
+            function,
+            js_class: Some(js_class.to_string()),
+            method_kind,
+            method_self,
+            rust_class: Some(class.clone()),
+            rust_name: self.sig.ident.clone(),
+            start: false,
+            wasm_bindgen: program.wasm_bindgen.clone(),
+            wasm_bindgen_futures: program.wasm_bindgen_futures.clone(),
+        });
+        opts.check_used();
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+fn string_enum(
+    enum_: syn::ItemEnum,
+    program: &mut ast::Program,
+    js_name: String,
+    generate_typescript: bool,
+    comments: Vec<String>,
+) -> Result<(), Diagnostic> {
+    let mut variants = vec![];
+    let mut variant_values = vec![];
+
+    for v in enum_.variants.iter() {
+        let (_, expr) = match &v.discriminant {
+            Some(pair) => pair,
+            None => {
+                bail_span!(v, "all variants of a string enum must have a string value");
+            }
+        };
+        match get_expr(expr) {
+            syn::Expr::Lit(syn::ExprLit {
+                attrs: _,
+                lit: syn::Lit::Str(str_lit),
+            }) => {
+                variants.push(v.ident.clone());
+                variant_values.push(str_lit.value());
+            }
+            expr => bail_span!(
+                expr,
+                "enums with #[wasm_bindgen] cannot mix string and non-string values",
+            ),
+        }
+    }
+
+    program.imports.push(ast::Import {
+        module: None,
+        js_namespace: None,
+        kind: ast::ImportKind::Enum(ast::StringEnum {
+            vis: enum_.vis,
+            name: enum_.ident,
+            js_name,
+            variants,
+            variant_values,
+            comments,
+            rust_attrs: enum_.attrs,
+            generate_typescript,
+            wasm_bindgen: program.wasm_bindgen.clone(),
+        }),
+    });
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Represents a possibly negative numeric value as base 10 digits.
+struct NumericValue<'a> {
+    negative: bool,
+    base10_digits: &'a str,
+}
+impl<'a> NumericValue<'a> {
+    fn from_expr(expr: &'a syn::Expr) -> Option<Self> {
+        match get_expr(expr) {
+            syn::Expr::Lit(syn::ExprLit {
+                lit: syn::Lit::Int(int_lit),
+                ..
+            }) => Some(Self {
+                negative: false,
+                base10_digits: int_lit.base10_digits(),
+            }),
+            syn::Expr::Unary(syn::ExprUnary {
+                op: syn::UnOp::Neg(_),
+                expr,
+                ..
+            }) => Self::from_expr(expr).map(|n| n.neg()),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn parse(&self) -> Option<i64> {
+        let mut value = self.base10_digits.parse::<i64>().ok()?;
+        if self.negative {
+            value = -value;
+        }
+        Some(value)
+    }
+
+    fn neg(self) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            negative: !self.negative,
+            base10_digits: self.base10_digits,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> MacroParse<(&'a mut TokenStream, BindgenAttrs)> for syn::ItemEnum {
+    fn macro_parse(
+        self,
+        program: &mut ast::Program,
+        (tokens, opts): (&'a mut TokenStream, BindgenAttrs),
+    ) -> Result<(), Diagnostic> {
+        if self.variants.is_empty() {
+            bail_span!(self, "cannot export empty enums to JS");
+        }
+        for variant in self.variants.iter() {
+            match variant.fields {
+                syn::Fields::Unit => (),
+                _ => bail_span!(
+                    variant.fields,
+                    "enum variants with associated data are not supported with #[wasm_bindgen]"
+                ),
+            }
+        }
+
+        let generate_typescript = opts.skip_typescript().is_none();
+        let comments = extract_doc_comments(&self.attrs);
+        let js_name = opts
+            .js_name()
+            .map(|s| s.0)
+            .map_or_else(|| self.ident.to_string(), |s| s.to_string());
+        if is_js_keyword(&js_name) {
+            bail_span!(
+                self.ident,
+                "enum cannot use the JS keyword `{}` as its name",
+                js_name
+            );
+        }
+
+        opts.check_used();
+
+        // Check if the enum is a string enum, by checking whether any variant has a string discriminant.
+        let is_string_enum = self.variants.iter().any(|v| {
+            if let Some((_, expr)) = &v.discriminant {
+                if let syn::Expr::Lit(syn::ExprLit {
+                    lit: syn::Lit::Str(_),
+                    ..
+                }) = get_expr(expr)
+                {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            false
+        });
+        if is_string_enum {
+            return string_enum(self, program, js_name, generate_typescript, comments);
+        }
+
+        match self.vis {
+            syn::Visibility::Public(_) => {}
+            _ => bail_span!(self, "only public enums are allowed with #[wasm_bindgen]"),
+        }
+
+        // Go through all variants once first to determine whether the enum is
+        // signed or unsigned. We don't need to actually parse the discriminant
+        // values yet, we just need to know their sign. The actual parsing is
+        // done in a second pass.
+        let signed = self.variants.iter().any(|v| match &v.discriminant {
+            Some((_, expr)) => NumericValue::from_expr(expr).map_or(false, |n| n.negative),
+            None => false,
+        });
+        let underlying_min = if signed { i32::MIN as i64 } else { 0 };
+        let underlying_max = if signed {
+            i32::MAX as i64
+        } else {
+            u32::MAX as i64
+        };
+
+        let mut last_discriminant: Option<i64> = None;
+        let mut discriminant_map: HashMap<i64, &syn::Variant> = HashMap::new();
+
+        let variants = self
+            .variants
+            .iter()
+            .map(|v| {
+                let value: i64 = match &v.discriminant {
+                    Some((_, expr)) => match NumericValue::from_expr(expr).and_then(|n| n.parse()) {
+                        Some(value) => value,
+                        _ => bail_span!(
+                            expr,
+                            "C-style enums with #[wasm_bindgen] may only have \
+                             numeric literal values that fit in a 32-bit integer as discriminants. \
+                             Expressions or variables are not supported.",
+                        ),
+                    },
+                    None => {
+                        // Use the same algorithm as rustc to determine the next discriminant
+                        // https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/items/enumerations.html#implicit-discriminants
+                        last_discriminant.map_or(0, |last| last + 1)
+                    }
+                };
+
+                last_discriminant = Some(value);
+
+                // check that the value fits within the underlying type
+                let underlying = if signed { "i32" } else { "u32" };
+                let numbers = if signed { "signed numbers" } else { "unsigned numbers" };
+                if value < underlying_min {
+                    bail_span!(
+                        v,
+                        "C-style enums with #[wasm_bindgen] can only support {0} that can be represented by `{2}`, \
+                        but `{1}` is too small for `{2}`",
+                        numbers,
+                        value,
+                        underlying
+                    );
+                }
+                if value > underlying_max {
+                    bail_span!(
+                        v,
+                        "C-style enums with #[wasm_bindgen] can only support {0} that can be represented by `{2}`, \
+                        but `{1}` is too large for `{2}`",
+                        numbers,
+                        value,
+                        underlying
+                    );
+                }
+
+                // detect duplicate discriminants
+                if let Some(old) = discriminant_map.insert(value, v) {
+                    bail_span!(
+                        v,
+                        "discriminant value `{}` is already used by {} in this enum",
+                        value,
+                        old.ident
+                    );
+                }
+
+                let comments = extract_doc_comments(&v.attrs);
+                Ok(ast::Variant {
+                    name: v.ident.clone(),
+                    // due to the above checks, we know that the value fits
+                    // within 32 bits, so this cast doesn't lose any information
+                    value: value as u32,
+                    comments,
+                })
+            })
+            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, Diagnostic>>()?;
+
+        // To make all the code handling holes simpler, we only consider
+        // non-negative holes. This allows us to use `u32` to represent holes.
+        let hole = (0..=underlying_max)
+            .find(|v| !discriminant_map.contains_key(v))
+            .unwrap() as u32;
+
+        self.to_tokens(tokens);
+
+        program.enums.push(ast::Enum {
+            rust_name: self.ident,
+            js_name,
+            signed,
+            variants,
+            comments,
+            hole,
+            generate_typescript,
+            wasm_bindgen: program.wasm_bindgen.clone(),
+        });
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl MacroParse<BindgenAttrs> for syn::ItemConst {
+    fn macro_parse(self, program: &mut ast::Program, opts: BindgenAttrs) -> Result<(), Diagnostic> {
+        // Shortcut
+        if opts.typescript_custom_section().is_none() {
+            bail_span!(self, "#[wasm_bindgen] will not work on constants unless you are defining a #[wasm_bindgen(typescript_custom_section)].");
+        }
+
+        let typescript_custom_section = match get_expr(&self.expr) {
+            syn::Expr::Lit(syn::ExprLit {
+                lit: syn::Lit::Str(litstr),
+                ..
+            }) => ast::LitOrExpr::Lit(litstr.value()),
+            expr => ast::LitOrExpr::Expr(expr.clone()),
+        };
+
+        program
+            .typescript_custom_sections
+            .push(typescript_custom_section);
+
+        opts.check_used();
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl MacroParse<BindgenAttrs> for syn::ItemForeignMod {
+    fn macro_parse(self, program: &mut ast::Program, opts: BindgenAttrs) -> Result<(), Diagnostic> {
+        let mut errors = Vec::new();
+        if let Some(other) = self.abi.name.filter(|l| l.value() != "C") {
+            errors.push(err_span!(
+                other,
+                "only foreign mods with the `C` ABI are allowed"
+            ));
+        }
+        let js_namespace = opts.js_namespace().map(|(s, _)| s);
+        let module = module_from_opts(program, &opts)
+            .map_err(|e| errors.push(e))
+            .unwrap_or_default();
+        for item in self.items.into_iter() {
+            let ctx = ForeignItemCtx {
+                module: module.clone(),
+                js_namespace: js_namespace.clone(),
+            };
+            if let Err(e) = item.macro_parse(program, ctx) {
+                errors.push(e);
+            }
+        }
+        Diagnostic::from_vec(errors)?;
+        opts.check_used();
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+struct ForeignItemCtx {
+    module: Option<ast::ImportModule>,
+    js_namespace: Option<JsNamespace>,
+}
+
+impl MacroParse<ForeignItemCtx> for syn::ForeignItem {
+    fn macro_parse(
+        mut self,
+        program: &mut ast::Program,
+        ctx: ForeignItemCtx,
+    ) -> Result<(), Diagnostic> {
+        let item_opts = {
+            let attrs = match self {
+                syn::ForeignItem::Fn(ref mut f) => &mut f.attrs,
+                syn::ForeignItem::Type(ref mut t) => &mut t.attrs,
+                syn::ForeignItem::Static(ref mut s) => &mut s.attrs,
+                syn::ForeignItem::Verbatim(v) => {
+                    let mut item: syn::ItemStatic =
+                        syn::parse(v.into()).expect("only foreign functions/types allowed for now");
+                    let item_opts = BindgenAttrs::find(&mut item.attrs)?;
+                    let kind = item.convert((program, item_opts, &ctx.module))?;
+
+                    program.imports.push(ast::Import {
+                        module: None,
+                        js_namespace: None,
+                        kind,
+                    });
+
+                    return Ok(());
+                }
+                _ => panic!("only foreign functions/types allowed for now"),
+            };
+            BindgenAttrs::find(attrs)?
+        };
+
+        let js_namespace = item_opts
+            .js_namespace()
+            .map(|(s, _)| s)
+            .or(ctx.js_namespace)
+            .map(|s| s.0);
+        let module = ctx.module;
+
+        let kind = match self {
+            syn::ForeignItem::Fn(f) => f.convert((program, item_opts, &module))?,
+            syn::ForeignItem::Type(t) => t.convert((program, item_opts))?,
+            syn::ForeignItem::Static(s) => s.convert((program, item_opts, &module))?,
+            _ => panic!("only foreign functions/types allowed for now"),
+        };
+
+        // check for JS keywords
+
+        // We only need to check if there isn't a JS namespace or module. If
+        // there is namespace, then we already checked the namespace while
+        // parsing. If there is a module, we can rename the import symbol to
+        // avoid using keywords.
+        let needs_check = js_namespace.is_none() && module.is_none();
+        if needs_check {
+            match &kind {
+                ast::ImportKind::Function(import_function) => {
+                    if matches!(import_function.kind, ast::ImportFunctionKind::Normal)
+                        && is_non_value_js_keyword(&import_function.function.name)
+                    {
+                        bail_span!(
+                            import_function.rust_name,
+                            "Imported function cannot use the JS keyword `{}` as its name.",
+                            import_function.function.name
+                        );
+                    }
+                }
+                ast::ImportKind::Static(import_static) => {
+                    if is_non_value_js_keyword(&import_static.js_name) {
+                        bail_span!(
+                            import_static.rust_name,
+                            "Imported static cannot use the JS keyword `{}` as its name.",
+                            import_static.js_name
+                        );
+                    }
+                }
+                ast::ImportKind::String(_) => {
+                    // static strings don't have JS names, so we don't need to check for JS keywords
+                }
+                ast::ImportKind::Type(import_type) => {
+                    if is_non_value_js_keyword(&import_type.js_name) {
+                        bail_span!(
+                            import_type.rust_name,
+                            "Imported type cannot use the JS keyword `{}` as its name.",
+                            import_type.js_name
+                        );
+                    }
+                }
+                ast::ImportKind::Enum(_) => {
+                    // string enums aren't possible here
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        program.imports.push(ast::Import {
+            module,
+            js_namespace,
+            kind,
+        });
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn module_from_opts(
+    program: &mut ast::Program,
+    opts: &BindgenAttrs,
+) -> Result<Option<ast::ImportModule>, Diagnostic> {
+    if let Some(path) = opts.wasm_bindgen() {
+        program.wasm_bindgen = path.clone();
+    }
+
+    if let Some(path) = opts.js_sys() {
+        program.js_sys = path.clone();
+    }
+
+    if let Some(path) = opts.wasm_bindgen_futures() {
+        program.wasm_bindgen_futures = path.clone();
+    }
+
+    let mut errors = Vec::new();
+    let module = if let Some((name, span)) = opts.module() {
+        if opts.inline_js().is_some() {
+            let msg = "cannot specify both `module` and `inline_js`";
+            errors.push(Diagnostic::span_error(span, msg));
+        }
+        if opts.raw_module().is_some() {
+            let msg = "cannot specify both `module` and `raw_module`";
+            errors.push(Diagnostic::span_error(span, msg));
+        }
+        Some(ast::ImportModule::Named(name.to_string(), span))
+    } else if let Some((name, span)) = opts.raw_module() {
+        if opts.inline_js().is_some() {
+            let msg = "cannot specify both `raw_module` and `inline_js`";
+            errors.push(Diagnostic::span_error(span, msg));
+        }
+        Some(ast::ImportModule::RawNamed(name.to_string(), span))
+    } else if let Some((js, span)) = opts.inline_js() {
+        let i = program.inline_js.len();
+        program.inline_js.push(js.to_string());
+        Some(ast::ImportModule::Inline(i, span))
+    } else {
+        None
+    };
+    Diagnostic::from_vec(errors)?;
+    Ok(module)
+}
+
+/// Get the first type parameter of a generic type, errors on incorrect input.
+fn extract_first_ty_param(ty: Option<&syn::Type>) -> Result<Option<syn::Type>, Diagnostic> {
+    let t = match ty {
+        Some(t) => t,
+        None => return Ok(None),
+    };
+    let path = match *get_ty(t) {
+        syn::Type::Path(syn::TypePath {
+            qself: None,
+            ref path,
+        }) => path,
+        _ => bail_span!(t, "must be Result<...>"),
+    };
+    let seg = path
+        .segments
+        .last()
+        .ok_or_else(|| err_span!(t, "must have at least one segment"))?;
+    let generics = match seg.arguments {
+        syn::PathArguments::AngleBracketed(ref t) => t,
+        _ => bail_span!(t, "must be Result<...>"),
+    };
+    let generic = generics
+        .args
+        .first()
+        .ok_or_else(|| err_span!(t, "must have at least one generic parameter"))?;
+    let ty = match generic {
+        syn::GenericArgument::Type(t) => t,
+        other => bail_span!(other, "must be a type parameter"),
+    };
+    match get_ty(ty) {
+        syn::Type::Tuple(t) if t.elems.is_empty() => return Ok(None),
+        _ => {}
+    }
+    Ok(Some(ty.clone()))
+}
+
+/// Extract the documentation comments from a Vec of attributes
+fn extract_doc_comments(attrs: &[syn::Attribute]) -> Vec<String> {
+    attrs
+        .iter()
+        .filter_map(|a| {
+            // if the path segments include an ident of "doc" we know this
+            // this is a doc comment
+            if a.path().segments.iter().any(|s| s.ident == "doc") {
+                let tokens = match &a.meta {
+                    syn::Meta::Path(_) => None,
+                    syn::Meta::List(list) => Some(list.tokens.clone()),
+                    syn::Meta::NameValue(name_value) => Some(name_value.value.to_token_stream()),
+                };
+
+                Some(
+                    // We want to filter out any Puncts so just grab the Literals
+                    tokens.into_iter().flatten().filter_map(|t| match t {
+                        TokenTree::Literal(lit) => {
+                            let quoted = lit.to_string();
+                            Some(try_unescape(&quoted).unwrap_or(quoted))
+                        }
+                        _ => None,
+                    }),
+                )
+            } else {
+                None
+            }
+        })
+        //Fold up the [[String]] iter we created into Vec<String>
+        .fold(vec![], |mut acc, a| {
+            acc.extend(a);
+            acc
+        })
+}
+
+// Unescapes a quoted string. char::escape_debug() was used to escape the text.
+fn try_unescape(mut s: &str) -> Option<String> {
+    s = s.strip_prefix('"').unwrap_or(s);
+    s = s.strip_suffix('"').unwrap_or(s);
+    let mut result = String::with_capacity(s.len());
+    let mut chars = s.chars();
+    while let Some(c) = chars.next() {
+        if c == '\\' {
+            let c = chars.next()?;
+            match c {
+                't' => result.push('\t'),
+                'r' => result.push('\r'),
+                'n' => result.push('\n'),
+                '\\' | '\'' | '"' => result.push(c),
+                'u' => {
+                    if chars.next() != Some('{') {
+                        return None;
+                    }
+                    let (c, next) = unescape_unicode(&mut chars)?;
+                    result.push(c);
+                    if next != '}' {
+                        return None;
+                    }
+                }
+                _ => return None,
+            }
+        } else {
+            result.push(c);
+        }
+    }
+    Some(result)
+}
+
+fn unescape_unicode(chars: &mut Chars) -> Option<(char, char)> {
+    let mut value = 0;
+    for (i, c) in chars.enumerate() {
+        match (i, c.to_digit(16)) {
+            (0..=5, Some(num)) => value = (value << 4) | num,
+            (1.., None) => return Some((char::from_u32(value)?, c)),
+            _ => break,
+        }
+    }
+    None
+}
+
+/// Check there are no lifetimes on the function.
+fn assert_no_lifetimes(sig: &syn::Signature) -> Result<(), Diagnostic> {
+    struct Walk {
+        diagnostics: Vec<Diagnostic>,
+    }
+
+    impl<'ast> syn::visit::Visit<'ast> for Walk {
+        fn visit_lifetime(&mut self, i: &'ast syn::Lifetime) {
+            self.diagnostics.push(err_span!(
+                i,
+                "it is currently not sound to use lifetimes in function \
+                 signatures"
+            ));
+        }
+    }
+    let mut walk = Walk {
+        diagnostics: Vec::new(),
+    };
+    syn::visit::Visit::visit_signature(&mut walk, sig);
+    Diagnostic::from_vec(walk.diagnostics)
+}
+
+/// Extracts the last ident from the path
+fn extract_path_ident(path: &syn::Path) -> Result<Ident, Diagnostic> {
+    for segment in path.segments.iter() {
+        match segment.arguments {
+            syn::PathArguments::None => {}
+            _ => bail_span!(path, "paths with type parameters are not supported yet"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    match path.segments.last() {
+        Some(value) => Ok(value.ident.clone()),
+        None => {
+            bail_span!(path, "empty idents are not supported");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn reset_attrs_used() {
+    ATTRS.with(|state| {
+        state.parsed.set(0);
+        state.checks.set(0);
+        state.unused_attrs.borrow_mut().clear();
+    })
+}
+
+pub fn check_unused_attrs(tokens: &mut TokenStream) {
+    ATTRS.with(|state| {
+        assert_eq!(state.parsed.get(), state.checks.get());
+        let unused_attrs = &*state.unused_attrs.borrow();
+        if !unused_attrs.is_empty() {
+            let unused_attrs = unused_attrs.iter().map(|UnusedState { error, ident }| {
+                if *error {
+                    let text = format!("invalid attribute {} in this position", ident);
+                    quote::quote! { ::core::compile_error!(#text); }
+                } else {
+                    quote::quote! { let #ident: (); }
+                }
+            });
+            tokens.extend(quote::quote! {
+                // Anonymous scope to prevent name clashes.
+                const _: () = {
+                    #(#unused_attrs)*
+                };
+            });
+        }
+    })
+}
+
+fn operation_kind(opts: &BindgenAttrs) -> ast::OperationKind {
+    let mut operation_kind = ast::OperationKind::Regular;
+    if let Some(g) = opts.getter() {
+        operation_kind = ast::OperationKind::Getter(g.clone());
+    }
+    if let Some(s) = opts.setter() {
+        operation_kind = ast::OperationKind::Setter(s.clone());
+    }
+    if opts.indexing_getter().is_some() {
+        operation_kind = ast::OperationKind::IndexingGetter;
+    }
+    if opts.indexing_setter().is_some() {
+        operation_kind = ast::OperationKind::IndexingSetter;
+    }
+    if opts.indexing_deleter().is_some() {
+        operation_kind = ast::OperationKind::IndexingDeleter;
+    }
+    operation_kind
+}
+
+pub fn link_to(opts: BindgenAttrs) -> Result<ast::LinkToModule, Diagnostic> {
+    let mut program = ast::Program::default();
+    let module = module_from_opts(&mut program, &opts)?.ok_or_else(|| {
+        Diagnostic::span_error(Span::call_site(), "`link_to!` requires a module.")
+    })?;
+    if let ast::ImportModule::Named(p, s) | ast::ImportModule::RawNamed(p, s) = &module {
+        if !p.starts_with("./") && !p.starts_with("../") && !p.starts_with('/') {
+            return Err(Diagnostic::span_error(
+                *s,
+                "`link_to!` does not support module paths.",
+            ));
+        }
+    }
+    opts.enforce_used()?;
+    program.linked_modules.push(module);
+    Ok(ast::LinkToModule(program))
+}
+
+fn main(program: &ast::Program, mut f: ItemFn, tokens: &mut TokenStream) -> Result<(), Diagnostic> {
+    if f.sig.ident != "main" {
+        bail_span!(&f.sig.ident, "the main function has to be called main");
+    }
+    if let Some(constness) = f.sig.constness {
+        bail_span!(&constness, "the main function cannot be const");
+    }
+    if !f.sig.generics.params.is_empty() {
+        bail_span!(&f.sig.generics, "the main function cannot have generics");
+    }
+    if !f.sig.inputs.is_empty() {
+        bail_span!(&f.sig.inputs, "the main function cannot have arguments");
+    }
+
+    let r#return = f.sig.output;
+    f.sig.output = ReturnType::Default;
+    let body = f.block;
+
+    let wasm_bindgen = &program.wasm_bindgen;
+    let wasm_bindgen_futures = &program.wasm_bindgen_futures;
+
+    if f.sig.asyncness.take().is_some() {
+        f.block = Box::new(
+            syn::parse2(quote::quote! {
+                {
+                    async fn __wasm_bindgen_generated_main() #r#return #body
+                    #wasm_bindgen_futures::spawn_local(
+                        async move {
+                            use #wasm_bindgen::__rt::Main;
+                            let __ret = __wasm_bindgen_generated_main();
+                            (&mut &mut &mut #wasm_bindgen::__rt::MainWrapper(Some(__ret.await))).__wasm_bindgen_main()
+                        },
+                    )
+                }
+            })
+            .unwrap(),
+        );
+    } else {
+        f.block = Box::new(
+            syn::parse2(quote::quote! {
+                {
+                    fn __wasm_bindgen_generated_main() #r#return #body
+                    use #wasm_bindgen::__rt::Main;
+                    let __ret = __wasm_bindgen_generated_main();
+                    (&mut &mut &mut #wasm_bindgen::__rt::MainWrapper(Some(__ret))).__wasm_bindgen_main()
+                }
+            })
+            .unwrap(),
+        );
+    }
+
+    f.to_tokens(tokens);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    #[test]
+    fn test_try_unescape() {
+        use super::try_unescape;
+        assert_eq!(try_unescape("hello").unwrap(), "hello");
+        assert_eq!(try_unescape("\"hello").unwrap(), "hello");
+        assert_eq!(try_unescape("hello\"").unwrap(), "hello");
+        assert_eq!(try_unescape("\"hello\"").unwrap(), "hello");
+        assert_eq!(try_unescape("hello\\\\").unwrap(), "hello\\");
+        assert_eq!(try_unescape("hello\\n").unwrap(), "hello\n");
+        assert_eq!(try_unescape("hello\\u"), None);
+        assert_eq!(try_unescape("hello\\u{"), None);
+        assert_eq!(try_unescape("hello\\u{}"), None);
+        assert_eq!(try_unescape("hello\\u{0}").unwrap(), "hello\0");
+        assert_eq!(try_unescape("hello\\u{000000}").unwrap(), "hello\0");
+        assert_eq!(try_unescape("hello\\u{0000000}"), None);
+    }
+}