spikard 0.5.0 → 0.6.1

data/vendor/crates/spikard-core/src/validation/mod.rs

@@ -1,457 +1,457 @@
-//! Request/response validation using JSON Schema
-
-pub mod error_mapper;
-
-use crate::debug_log_module;
-use jsonschema::Validator;
-use serde_json::Value;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-use self::error_mapper::{ErrorCondition, ErrorMapper};
-
-/// Schema validator that compiles and validates JSON Schema
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct SchemaValidator {
-    compiled: Arc<Validator>,
-    schema: Value,
-}
-
-impl SchemaValidator {
-    /// Create a new validator from a JSON Schema
-    pub fn new(schema: Value) -> Result<Self, String> {
-        let compiled = jsonschema::options()
-            .with_draft(jsonschema::Draft::Draft202012)
-            .should_validate_formats(true)
-            .with_pattern_options(jsonschema::PatternOptions::regex())
-            .build(&schema)
-            .map_err(|e| {
-                anyhow::anyhow!("Invalid JSON Schema")
-                    .context(format!("Schema compilation failed: {}", e))
-                    .to_string()
-            })?;
-
-        Ok(Self {
-            compiled: Arc::new(compiled),
-            schema,
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Get the underlying JSON Schema
-    pub fn schema(&self) -> &Value {
-        &self.schema
-    }
-
-    /// Pre-process data to convert file objects to strings for format: "binary" validation
-    ///
-    /// Files uploaded via multipart are converted to objects like:
-    /// {"filename": "...", "size": N, "content": "...", "content_type": "..."}
-    ///
-    /// But schemas define them as: {"type": "string", "format": "binary"}
-    ///
-    /// This method recursively processes the data and converts file objects to their content strings
-    /// so that validation passes, while preserving the original structure for handlers to use.
-    fn preprocess_binary_fields(&self, data: &Value) -> Value {
-        self.preprocess_value_with_schema(data, &self.schema)
-    }
-
-    #[allow(clippy::only_used_in_recursion)]
-    fn preprocess_value_with_schema(&self, data: &Value, schema: &Value) -> Value {
-        if let Some(schema_obj) = schema.as_object() {
-            let is_string_type = schema_obj.get("type").and_then(|t| t.as_str()) == Some("string");
-            let is_binary_format = schema_obj.get("format").and_then(|f| f.as_str()) == Some("binary");
-
-            #[allow(clippy::collapsible_if)]
-            if is_string_type && is_binary_format {
-                if let Some(data_obj) = data.as_object() {
-                    if data_obj.contains_key("filename")
-                        && data_obj.contains_key("content")
-                        && data_obj.contains_key("size")
-                        && data_obj.contains_key("content_type")
-                    {
-                        return data_obj.get("content").unwrap_or(&Value::Null).clone();
-                    }
-                }
-                return data.clone();
-            }
-
-            #[allow(clippy::collapsible_if)]
-            if schema_obj.get("type").and_then(|t| t.as_str()) == Some("array") {
-                if let Some(items_schema) = schema_obj.get("items") {
-                    if let Some(data_array) = data.as_array() {
-                        let processed_array: Vec<Value> = data_array
-                            .iter()
-                            .map(|item| self.preprocess_value_with_schema(item, items_schema))
-                            .collect();
-                        return Value::Array(processed_array);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            #[allow(clippy::collapsible_if)]
-            if schema_obj.get("type").and_then(|t| t.as_str()) == Some("object") {
-                if let Some(properties) = schema_obj.get("properties").and_then(|p| p.as_object()) {
-                    if let Some(data_obj) = data.as_object() {
-                        let mut processed_obj = serde_json::Map::new();
-                        for (key, value) in data_obj {
-                            if let Some(prop_schema) = properties.get(key) {
-                                processed_obj
-                                    .insert(key.clone(), self.preprocess_value_with_schema(value, prop_schema));
-                            } else {
-                                processed_obj.insert(key.clone(), value.clone());
-                            }
-                        }
-                        return Value::Object(processed_obj);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        data.clone()
-    }
-
-    /// Validate JSON data against the schema
-    pub fn validate(&self, data: &Value) -> Result<(), ValidationError> {
-        let processed_data = self.preprocess_binary_fields(data);
-
-        let validation_errors: Vec<_> = self.compiled.iter_errors(&processed_data).collect();
-
-        if validation_errors.is_empty() {
-            return Ok(());
-        }
-
-        let errors: Vec<ValidationErrorDetail> = validation_errors
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(|err| {
-                let instance_path = err.instance_path().to_string();
-                let schema_path_str = err.schema_path().as_str();
-                let error_msg = err.to_string();
-
-                let param_name = if schema_path_str.ends_with("/required") {
-                    let field_name = if let Some(start) = error_msg.find('"') {
-                        if let Some(end) = error_msg[start + 1..].find('"') {
-                            error_msg[start + 1..start + 1 + end].to_string()
-                        } else {
-                            "".to_string()
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        "".to_string()
-                    };
-
-                    if !instance_path.is_empty() && instance_path.starts_with('/') && instance_path.len() > 1 {
-                        let base_path = &instance_path[1..];
-                        if !field_name.is_empty() {
-                            format!("{}/{}", base_path, field_name)
-                        } else {
-                            base_path.to_string()
-                        }
-                    } else if !field_name.is_empty() {
-                        field_name
-                    } else {
-                        "body".to_string()
-                    }
-                } else if schema_path_str.contains("/additionalProperties") {
-                    if let Some(start) = error_msg.find('(') {
-                        if let Some(quote_start) = error_msg[start..].find('\'') {
-                            let abs_start = start + quote_start + 1;
-                            if let Some(quote_end) = error_msg[abs_start..].find('\'') {
-                                let property_name = error_msg[abs_start..abs_start + quote_end].to_string();
-                                if !instance_path.is_empty()
-                                    && instance_path.starts_with('/')
-                                    && instance_path.len() > 1
-                                {
-                                    format!("{}/{}", &instance_path[1..], property_name)
-                                } else {
-                                    property_name
-                                }
-                            } else {
-                                instance_path[1..].to_string()
-                            }
-                        } else {
-                            instance_path[1..].to_string()
-                        }
-                    } else if instance_path.starts_with('/') && instance_path.len() > 1 {
-                        instance_path[1..].to_string()
-                    } else {
-                        "body".to_string()
-                    }
-                } else if instance_path.starts_with('/') && instance_path.len() > 1 {
-                    instance_path[1..].to_string()
-                } else if instance_path.is_empty() {
-                    "body".to_string()
-                } else {
-                    instance_path
-                };
-
-                let loc_parts: Vec<String> = if param_name.contains('/') {
-                    let mut parts = vec!["body".to_string()];
-                    parts.extend(param_name.split('/').map(|s| s.to_string()));
-                    parts
-                } else if param_name == "body" {
-                    vec!["body".to_string()]
-                } else {
-                    vec!["body".to_string(), param_name.clone()]
-                };
-
-                let input_value = if schema_path_str == "/required" {
-                    data.clone()
-                } else {
-                    err.instance().clone().into_owned()
-                };
-
-                let schema_prop_path = if param_name.contains('/') {
-                    format!("/properties/{}", param_name.replace('/', "/properties/"))
-                } else {
-                    format!("/properties/{}", param_name)
-                };
-
-                let mut error_condition = ErrorCondition::from_schema_error(schema_path_str, &error_msg);
-
-                error_condition = match error_condition {
-                    ErrorCondition::TypeMismatch { .. } => {
-                        let expected_type = self
-                            .schema
-                            .pointer(&format!("{}/type", schema_prop_path))
-                            .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
-                            .unwrap_or("unknown")
-                            .to_string();
-                        ErrorCondition::TypeMismatch { expected_type }
-                    }
-                    ErrorCondition::AdditionalProperties { .. } => {
-                        let unexpected_field = if param_name.contains('/') {
-                            param_name.split('/').next_back().unwrap_or(&param_name).to_string()
-                        } else {
-                            param_name.clone()
-                        };
-                        ErrorCondition::AdditionalProperties {
-                            field: unexpected_field,
-                        }
-                    }
-                    other => other,
-                };
-
-                let (error_type, msg, ctx) =
-                    ErrorMapper::map_error(&error_condition, &self.schema, &schema_prop_path, &error_msg);
-
-                ValidationErrorDetail {
-                    error_type,
-                    loc: loc_parts,
-                    msg,
-                    input: input_value,
-                    ctx,
-                }
-            })
-            .collect();
-
-        debug_log_module!("validation", "Returning {} validation errors", errors.len());
-        for (i, error) in errors.iter().enumerate() {
-            debug_log_module!(
-                "validation",
-                "  Error {}: type={}, loc={:?}, msg={}, input={}, ctx={:?}",
-                i,
-                error.error_type,
-                error.loc,
-                error.msg,
-                error.input,
-                error.ctx
-            );
-        }
-        #[allow(clippy::collapsible_if)]
-        if crate::debug::is_enabled() {
-            if let Ok(json_errors) = serde_json::to_value(&errors) {
-                if let Ok(json_str) = serde_json::to_string_pretty(&json_errors) {
-                    debug_log_module!("validation", "Serialized errors:\n{}", json_str);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        Err(ValidationError { errors })
-    }
-
-    /// Validate and parse JSON bytes
-    pub fn validate_json(&self, json_bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<Value, ValidationError> {
-        let value: Value = serde_json::from_slice(json_bytes).map_err(|e| ValidationError {
-            errors: vec![ValidationErrorDetail {
-                error_type: "json_parse_error".to_string(),
-                loc: vec!["body".to_string()],
-                msg: format!("Invalid JSON: {}", e),
-                input: Value::Null,
-                ctx: None,
-            }],
-        })?;
-
-        self.validate(&value)?;
-
-        Ok(value)
-    }
-}
-
-/// Validation error containing one or more validation failures
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct ValidationError {
-    pub errors: Vec<ValidationErrorDetail>,
-}
-
-/// Individual validation error detail (FastAPI-compatible format)
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize)]
-pub struct ValidationErrorDetail {
-    #[serde(rename = "type")]
-    pub error_type: String,
-    pub loc: Vec<String>,
-    pub msg: String,
-    pub input: Value,
-    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
-    pub ctx: Option<Value>,
-}
-
-impl std::fmt::Display for ValidationError {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        write!(f, "Validation failed: {} errors", self.errors.len())
-    }
-}
-
-impl std::error::Error for ValidationError {}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-    use serde_json::json;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_validator_creation() {
-        let schema = json!({
-            "type": "object",
-            "properties": {
-                "name": {"type": "string"},
-                "age": {"type": "integer"}
-            },
-            "required": ["name"]
-        });
-
-        let validator = SchemaValidator::new(schema).unwrap();
-        assert!(validator.compiled.is_valid(&json!({"name": "Alice", "age": 30})));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_validation_success() {
-        let schema = json!({
-            "type": "object",
-            "properties": {
-                "email": {"type": "string", "format": "email"}
-            }
-        });
-
-        let validator = SchemaValidator::new(schema).unwrap();
-        let data = json!({"email": "test@example.com"});
-
-        assert!(validator.validate(&data).is_ok());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_validation_failure() {
-        let schema = json!({
-            "type": "object",
-            "properties": {
-                "age": {"type": "integer", "minimum": 0}
-            },
-            "required": ["age"]
-        });
-
-        let validator = SchemaValidator::new(schema).unwrap();
-        let data = json!({"age": -5});
-
-        assert!(validator.validate(&data).is_err());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_validation_error_serialization() {
-        let schema = json!({
-            "type": "object",
-            "properties": {
-                "name": {
-                    "type": "string",
-                    "maxLength": 10
-                }
-            },
-            "required": ["name"]
-        });
-
-        let validator = SchemaValidator::new(schema).unwrap();
-        let data = json!({"name": "this_is_way_too_long"});
-
-        let result = validator.validate(&data);
-        assert!(result.is_err());
-
-        let err = result.unwrap_err();
-        assert_eq!(err.errors.len(), 1);
-
-        let error_detail = &err.errors[0];
-        assert_eq!(error_detail.error_type, "string_too_long");
-        assert_eq!(error_detail.loc, vec!["body", "name"]);
-        assert_eq!(error_detail.msg, "String should have at most 10 characters");
-        assert_eq!(error_detail.input, Value::String("this_is_way_too_long".to_string()));
-        assert_eq!(error_detail.ctx, Some(json!({"max_length": 10})));
-
-        let json_output = serde_json::to_value(&err.errors).unwrap();
-        println!(
-            "Serialized JSON: {}",
-            serde_json::to_string_pretty(&json_output).unwrap()
-        );
-
-        let serialized_error = &json_output[0];
-        assert!(serialized_error.get("type").is_some());
-        assert!(serialized_error.get("loc").is_some());
-        assert!(serialized_error.get("msg").is_some());
-        assert!(
-            serialized_error.get("input").is_some(),
-            "Missing 'input' field in serialized JSON!"
-        );
-        assert!(
-            serialized_error.get("ctx").is_some(),
-            "Missing 'ctx' field in serialized JSON!"
-        );
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            serialized_error["input"],
-            Value::String("this_is_way_too_long".to_string())
-        );
-        assert_eq!(serialized_error["ctx"], json!({"max_length": 10}));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_exclusive_minimum() {
-        let schema = json!({
-            "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
-            "type": "object",
-            "required": ["id", "name", "price"],
-            "properties": {
-                "id": {
-                    "type": "integer"
-                },
-                "name": {
-                    "type": "string",
-                    "minLength": 3
-                },
-                "price": {
-                    "type": "number",
-                    "exclusiveMinimum": 0
-                }
-            }
-        });
-
-        let validator = SchemaValidator::new(schema).unwrap();
-
-        let data = json!({
-            "id": 1,
-            "name": "X",
-            "price": -10
-        });
-
-        let result = validator.validate(&data);
-        eprintln!("Validation result: {:?}", result);
-
-        assert!(result.is_err(), "Should have validation errors");
-        let err = result.unwrap_err();
-        eprintln!("Errors: {:?}", err.errors);
-        assert_eq!(err.errors.len(), 2, "Should have 2 errors");
-    }
-}
+//! Request/response validation using JSON Schema
+
+pub mod error_mapper;
+
+use crate::debug_log_module;
+use jsonschema::Validator;
+use serde_json::Value;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use self::error_mapper::{ErrorCondition, ErrorMapper};
+
+/// Schema validator that compiles and validates JSON Schema
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct SchemaValidator {
+    compiled: Arc<Validator>,
+    schema: Value,
+}
+
+impl SchemaValidator {
+    /// Create a new validator from a JSON Schema
+    pub fn new(schema: Value) -> Result<Self, String> {
+        let compiled = jsonschema::options()
+            .with_draft(jsonschema::Draft::Draft202012)
+            .should_validate_formats(true)
+            .with_pattern_options(jsonschema::PatternOptions::regex())
+            .build(&schema)
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                anyhow::anyhow!("Invalid JSON Schema")
+                    .context(format!("Schema compilation failed: {}", e))
+                    .to_string()
+            })?;
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            compiled: Arc::new(compiled),
+            schema,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Get the underlying JSON Schema
+    pub fn schema(&self) -> &Value {
+        &self.schema
+    }
+
+    /// Pre-process data to convert file objects to strings for format: "binary" validation
+    ///
+    /// Files uploaded via multipart are converted to objects like:
+    /// {"filename": "...", "size": N, "content": "...", "content_type": "..."}
+    ///
+    /// But schemas define them as: {"type": "string", "format": "binary"}
+    ///
+    /// This method recursively processes the data and converts file objects to their content strings
+    /// so that validation passes, while preserving the original structure for handlers to use.
+    fn preprocess_binary_fields(&self, data: &Value) -> Value {
+        self.preprocess_value_with_schema(data, &self.schema)
+    }
+
+    #[allow(clippy::only_used_in_recursion)]
+    fn preprocess_value_with_schema(&self, data: &Value, schema: &Value) -> Value {
+        if let Some(schema_obj) = schema.as_object() {
+            let is_string_type = schema_obj.get("type").and_then(|t| t.as_str()) == Some("string");
+            let is_binary_format = schema_obj.get("format").and_then(|f| f.as_str()) == Some("binary");
+
+            #[allow(clippy::collapsible_if)]
+            if is_string_type && is_binary_format {
+                if let Some(data_obj) = data.as_object() {
+                    if data_obj.contains_key("filename")
+                        && data_obj.contains_key("content")
+                        && data_obj.contains_key("size")
+                        && data_obj.contains_key("content_type")
+                    {
+                        return data_obj.get("content").unwrap_or(&Value::Null).clone();
+                    }
+                }
+                return data.clone();
+            }
+
+            #[allow(clippy::collapsible_if)]
+            if schema_obj.get("type").and_then(|t| t.as_str()) == Some("array") {
+                if let Some(items_schema) = schema_obj.get("items") {
+                    if let Some(data_array) = data.as_array() {
+                        let processed_array: Vec<Value> = data_array
+                            .iter()
+                            .map(|item| self.preprocess_value_with_schema(item, items_schema))
+                            .collect();
+                        return Value::Array(processed_array);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            #[allow(clippy::collapsible_if)]
+            if schema_obj.get("type").and_then(|t| t.as_str()) == Some("object") {
+                if let Some(properties) = schema_obj.get("properties").and_then(|p| p.as_object()) {
+                    if let Some(data_obj) = data.as_object() {
+                        let mut processed_obj = serde_json::Map::new();
+                        for (key, value) in data_obj {
+                            if let Some(prop_schema) = properties.get(key) {
+                                processed_obj
+                                    .insert(key.clone(), self.preprocess_value_with_schema(value, prop_schema));
+                            } else {
+                                processed_obj.insert(key.clone(), value.clone());
+                            }
+                        }
+                        return Value::Object(processed_obj);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        data.clone()
+    }
+
+    /// Validate JSON data against the schema
+    pub fn validate(&self, data: &Value) -> Result<(), ValidationError> {
+        let processed_data = self.preprocess_binary_fields(data);
+
+        let validation_errors: Vec<_> = self.compiled.iter_errors(&processed_data).collect();
+
+        if validation_errors.is_empty() {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        let errors: Vec<ValidationErrorDetail> = validation_errors
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|err| {
+                let instance_path = err.instance_path().to_string();
+                let schema_path_str = err.schema_path().as_str();
+                let error_msg = err.to_string();
+
+                let param_name = if schema_path_str.ends_with("/required") {
+                    let field_name = if let Some(start) = error_msg.find('"') {
+                        if let Some(end) = error_msg[start + 1..].find('"') {
+                            error_msg[start + 1..start + 1 + end].to_string()
+                        } else {
+                            "".to_string()
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        "".to_string()
+                    };
+
+                    if !instance_path.is_empty() && instance_path.starts_with('/') && instance_path.len() > 1 {
+                        let base_path = &instance_path[1..];
+                        if !field_name.is_empty() {
+                            format!("{}/{}", base_path, field_name)
+                        } else {
+                            base_path.to_string()
+                        }
+                    } else if !field_name.is_empty() {
+                        field_name
+                    } else {
+                        "body".to_string()
+                    }
+                } else if schema_path_str.contains("/additionalProperties") {
+                    if let Some(start) = error_msg.find('(') {
+                        if let Some(quote_start) = error_msg[start..].find('\'') {
+                            let abs_start = start + quote_start + 1;
+                            if let Some(quote_end) = error_msg[abs_start..].find('\'') {
+                                let property_name = error_msg[abs_start..abs_start + quote_end].to_string();
+                                if !instance_path.is_empty()
+                                    && instance_path.starts_with('/')
+                                    && instance_path.len() > 1
+                                {
+                                    format!("{}/{}", &instance_path[1..], property_name)
+                                } else {
+                                    property_name
+                                }
+                            } else {
+                                instance_path[1..].to_string()
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            instance_path[1..].to_string()
+                        }
+                    } else if instance_path.starts_with('/') && instance_path.len() > 1 {
+                        instance_path[1..].to_string()
+                    } else {
+                        "body".to_string()
+                    }
+                } else if instance_path.starts_with('/') && instance_path.len() > 1 {
+                    instance_path[1..].to_string()
+                } else if instance_path.is_empty() {
+                    "body".to_string()
+                } else {
+                    instance_path
+                };
+
+                let loc_parts: Vec<String> = if param_name.contains('/') {
+                    let mut parts = vec!["body".to_string()];
+                    parts.extend(param_name.split('/').map(|s| s.to_string()));
+                    parts
+                } else if param_name == "body" {
+                    vec!["body".to_string()]
+                } else {
+                    vec!["body".to_string(), param_name.clone()]
+                };
+
+                let input_value = if schema_path_str == "/required" {
+                    data.clone()
+                } else {
+                    err.instance().clone().into_owned()
+                };
+
+                let schema_prop_path = if param_name.contains('/') {
+                    format!("/properties/{}", param_name.replace('/', "/properties/"))
+                } else {
+                    format!("/properties/{}", param_name)
+                };
+
+                let mut error_condition = ErrorCondition::from_schema_error(schema_path_str, &error_msg);
+
+                error_condition = match error_condition {
+                    ErrorCondition::TypeMismatch { .. } => {
+                        let expected_type = self
+                            .schema
+                            .pointer(&format!("{}/type", schema_prop_path))
+                            .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
+                            .unwrap_or("unknown")
+                            .to_string();
+                        ErrorCondition::TypeMismatch { expected_type }
+                    }
+                    ErrorCondition::AdditionalProperties { .. } => {
+                        let unexpected_field = if param_name.contains('/') {
+                            param_name.split('/').next_back().unwrap_or(&param_name).to_string()
+                        } else {
+                            param_name.clone()
+                        };
+                        ErrorCondition::AdditionalProperties {
+                            field: unexpected_field,
+                        }
+                    }
+                    other => other,
+                };
+
+                let (error_type, msg, ctx) =
+                    ErrorMapper::map_error(&error_condition, &self.schema, &schema_prop_path, &error_msg);
+
+                ValidationErrorDetail {
+                    error_type,
+                    loc: loc_parts,
+                    msg,
+                    input: input_value,
+                    ctx,
+                }
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        debug_log_module!("validation", "Returning {} validation errors", errors.len());
+        for (i, error) in errors.iter().enumerate() {
+            debug_log_module!(
+                "validation",
+                "  Error {}: type={}, loc={:?}, msg={}, input={}, ctx={:?}",
+                i,
+                error.error_type,
+                error.loc,
+                error.msg,
+                error.input,
+                error.ctx
+            );
+        }
+        #[allow(clippy::collapsible_if)]
+        if crate::debug::is_enabled() {
+            if let Ok(json_errors) = serde_json::to_value(&errors) {
+                if let Ok(json_str) = serde_json::to_string_pretty(&json_errors) {
+                    debug_log_module!("validation", "Serialized errors:\n{}", json_str);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Err(ValidationError { errors })
+    }
+
+    /// Validate and parse JSON bytes
+    pub fn validate_json(&self, json_bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<Value, ValidationError> {
+        let value: Value = serde_json::from_slice(json_bytes).map_err(|e| ValidationError {
+            errors: vec![ValidationErrorDetail {
+                error_type: "json_parse_error".to_string(),
+                loc: vec!["body".to_string()],
+                msg: format!("Invalid JSON: {}", e),
+                input: Value::Null,
+                ctx: None,
+            }],
+        })?;
+
+        self.validate(&value)?;
+
+        Ok(value)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Validation error containing one or more validation failures
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct ValidationError {
+    pub errors: Vec<ValidationErrorDetail>,
+}
+
+/// Individual validation error detail (FastAPI-compatible format)
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize)]
+pub struct ValidationErrorDetail {
+    #[serde(rename = "type")]
+    pub error_type: String,
+    pub loc: Vec<String>,
+    pub msg: String,
+    pub input: Value,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub ctx: Option<Value>,
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for ValidationError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "Validation failed: {} errors", self.errors.len())
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::error::Error for ValidationError {}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use serde_json::json;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_validator_creation() {
+        let schema = json!({
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "name": {"type": "string"},
+                "age": {"type": "integer"}
+            },
+            "required": ["name"]
+        });
+
+        let validator = SchemaValidator::new(schema).unwrap();
+        assert!(validator.compiled.is_valid(&json!({"name": "Alice", "age": 30})));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_validation_success() {
+        let schema = json!({
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "email": {"type": "string", "format": "email"}
+            }
+        });
+
+        let validator = SchemaValidator::new(schema).unwrap();
+        let data = json!({"email": "test@example.com"});
+
+        assert!(validator.validate(&data).is_ok());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_validation_failure() {
+        let schema = json!({
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "age": {"type": "integer", "minimum": 0}
+            },
+            "required": ["age"]
+        });
+
+        let validator = SchemaValidator::new(schema).unwrap();
+        let data = json!({"age": -5});
+
+        assert!(validator.validate(&data).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_validation_error_serialization() {
+        let schema = json!({
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "name": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "maxLength": 10
+                }
+            },
+            "required": ["name"]
+        });
+
+        let validator = SchemaValidator::new(schema).unwrap();
+        let data = json!({"name": "this_is_way_too_long"});
+
+        let result = validator.validate(&data);
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+
+        let err = result.unwrap_err();
+        assert_eq!(err.errors.len(), 1);
+
+        let error_detail = &err.errors[0];
+        assert_eq!(error_detail.error_type, "string_too_long");
+        assert_eq!(error_detail.loc, vec!["body", "name"]);
+        assert_eq!(error_detail.msg, "String should have at most 10 characters");
+        assert_eq!(error_detail.input, Value::String("this_is_way_too_long".to_string()));
+        assert_eq!(error_detail.ctx, Some(json!({"max_length": 10})));
+
+        let json_output = serde_json::to_value(&err.errors).unwrap();
+        println!(
+            "Serialized JSON: {}",
+            serde_json::to_string_pretty(&json_output).unwrap()
+        );
+
+        let serialized_error = &json_output[0];
+        assert!(serialized_error.get("type").is_some());
+        assert!(serialized_error.get("loc").is_some());
+        assert!(serialized_error.get("msg").is_some());
+        assert!(
+            serialized_error.get("input").is_some(),
+            "Missing 'input' field in serialized JSON!"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            serialized_error.get("ctx").is_some(),
+            "Missing 'ctx' field in serialized JSON!"
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            serialized_error["input"],
+            Value::String("this_is_way_too_long".to_string())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(serialized_error["ctx"], json!({"max_length": 10}));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_exclusive_minimum() {
+        let schema = json!({
+            "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
+            "type": "object",
+            "required": ["id", "name", "price"],
+            "properties": {
+                "id": {
+                    "type": "integer"
+                },
+                "name": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "minLength": 3
+                },
+                "price": {
+                    "type": "number",
+                    "exclusiveMinimum": 0
+                }
+            }
+        });
+
+        let validator = SchemaValidator::new(schema).unwrap();
+
+        let data = json!({
+            "id": 1,
+            "name": "X",
+            "price": -10
+        });
+
+        let result = validator.validate(&data);
+        eprintln!("Validation result: {:?}", result);
+
+        assert!(result.is_err(), "Should have validation errors");
+        let err = result.unwrap_err();
+        eprintln!("Errors: {:?}", err.errors);
+        assert_eq!(err.errors.len(), 2, "Should have 2 errors");
+    }
+}