RubyGems - rails - Versions diffs - 4.2.0.beta4 → 4.2.0.rc1 - Mend

rails 4.2.0.beta4 → 4.2.0.rc1

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-  <hr class="hide" />
-  <div id="feature">
-    <div class="wrapper">
-      <h2>Rails nested model forms</h2><p>Creating a form for a model <em>and</em> its associations can become quite tedious. Therefore Rails provides helpers to assist in dealing with the complexities of generating these forms <em>and</em> the required CRUD operations to create, update, and destroy associations.</p><p>After reading this guide, you will know:</p>
-<ul>
-<li>do stuff.</li>
-</ul>
-                <div id="subCol">
-            <h3 class="chapter"><img src="images/chapters_icon.gif" alt="" />Chapters</h3>
-            <ol class="chapters">
-<li>
-<a href="#model-setup">Model setup</a>
-<ul>
-<li><a href="#activerecord::base-model">ActiveRecord::Base model</a></li>
-<li><a href="#custom-model">Custom model</a></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li>
-<a href="#views">Views</a>
-<ul>
-<li><a href="#controller-code">Controller code</a></li>
-<li><a href="#form-code">Form code</a></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-</ol>
-          </div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-  <div id="container">
-    <div class="wrapper">
-      <div id="mainCol">
-        <div class="note"><p>This guide assumes the user knows how to use the <a href="form_helpers.html">Rails form helpers</a> in general. Also, it's <strong>not</strong> an API reference. For a complete reference please visit <a href="http://api.rubyonrails.org/">the Rails API documentation</a>.</p></div><h3 id="model-setup">1 Model setup</h3><p>To be able to use the nested model functionality in your forms, the model will need to support some basic operations.</p><p>First of all, it needs to define a writer method for the attribute that corresponds to the association you are building a nested model form for. The <code>fields_for</code> form helper will look for this method to decide whether or not a nested model form should be built.</p><p>If the associated object is an array, a form builder will be yielded for each object, else only a single form builder will be yielded.</p><p>Consider a Person model with an associated Address. When asked to yield a nested FormBuilder for the <code>:address</code> attribute, the <code>fields_for</code> form helper will look for a method on the Person instance named <code>address_attributes=</code>.</p><h4 id="activerecord::base-model">1.1 ActiveRecord::Base model</h4><p>For an ActiveRecord::Base model and association this writer method is commonly defined with the <code>accepts_nested_attributes_for</code> class method:</p><h5 id="has_one">1.1.1 has_one</h5><div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-class Person &lt; ActiveRecord::Base
-  has_one :address
-  accepts_nested_attributes_for :address
-end
-</pre>
-</div>
-<h5 id="belongs_to">1.1.2 belongs_to</h5><div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-class Person &lt; ActiveRecord::Base
-  belongs_to :firm
-  accepts_nested_attributes_for :firm
-end
-</pre>
-</div>
-<h5 id="has_many-/-has_and_belongs_to_many">1.1.3 has_many / has_and_belongs_to_many</h5><div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-class Person &lt; ActiveRecord::Base
-  has_many :projects
-  accepts_nested_attributes_for :projects
-end
-</pre>
-</div>
-<h4 id="custom-model">1.2 Custom model</h4><p>As you might have inflected from this explanation, you <em>don't</em> necessarily need an ActiveRecord::Base model to use this functionality. The following examples are sufficient to enable the nested model form behavior:</p><h5 id="single-associated-object">1.2.1 Single associated object</h5><div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-class Person
-  def address
-    Address.new
-  end
-  def address_attributes=(attributes)
-    # ...
-  end
-end
-</pre>
-</div>
-<h5 id="association-collection">1.2.2 Association collection</h5><div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-class Person
-  def projects
-    [Project.new, Project.new]
-  end
-  def projects_attributes=(attributes)
-    # ...
-  end
-end
-</pre>
-</div>
-<div class="note"><p>See (TODO) in the advanced section for more information on how to deal with the CRUD operations in your custom model.</p></div><h3 id="views">2 Views</h3><h4 id="controller-code">2.1 Controller code</h4><p>A nested model form will <em>only</em> be built if the associated object(s) exist. This means that for a new model instance you would probably want to build the associated object(s) first.</p><p>Consider the following typical RESTful controller which will prepare a new Person instance and its <code>address</code> and <code>projects</code> associations before rendering the <code>new</code> template:</p><div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-class PeopleController &lt; ApplicationController
-  def new
-    @person = Person.new
-    @person.built_address
-    2.times { @person.projects.build }
-  end
-  def create
-    @person = Person.new(params[:person])
-    if @person.save
-      # ...
-    end
-  end
-end
-</pre>
-</div>
-<div class="note"><p>Obviously the instantiation of the associated object(s) can become tedious and not DRY, so you might want to move that into the model itself. ActiveRecord::Base provides an <code>after_initialize</code> callback which is a good way to refactor this.</p></div><h4 id="form-code">2.2 Form code</h4><p>Now that you have a model instance, with the appropriate methods and associated object(s), you can start building the nested model form.</p><h5 id="standard-form">2.2.1 Standard form</h5><p>Start out with a regular RESTful form:</p><div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: ruby; html-script: true; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-&lt;%= form_for @person do |f| %&gt;
-  &lt;%= f.text_field :name %&gt;
-&lt;% end %&gt;
-</pre>
-</div>
-<p>This will generate the following html:</p><div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: xml; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-&lt;form action="/people" class="new_person" id="new_person" method="post"&gt;
-  &lt;input id="person_name" name="person[name]" type="text" /&gt;
-&lt;/form&gt;
-</pre>
-</div>
-<h5 id="nested-form-for-a-single-associated-object">2.2.2 Nested form for a single associated object</h5><p>Now add a nested form for the <code>address</code> association:</p><div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: ruby; html-script: true; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-&lt;%= form_for @person do |f| %&gt;
-  &lt;%= f.text_field :name %&gt;
-  &lt;%= f.fields_for :address do |af| %&gt;
-    &lt;%= af.text_field :street %&gt;
-  &lt;% end %&gt;
-&lt;% end %&gt;
-</pre>
-</div>
-<p>This generates:</p><div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: xml; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-&lt;form action="/people" class="new_person" id="new_person" method="post"&gt;
-  &lt;input id="person_name" name="person[name]" type="text" /&gt;
-  &lt;input id="person_address_attributes_street" name="person[address_attributes][street]" type="text" /&gt;
-&lt;/form&gt;
-</pre>
-</div>
-<p>Notice that <code>fields_for</code> recognized the <code>address</code> as an association for which a nested model form should be built by the way it has namespaced the <code>name</code> attribute.</p><p>When this form is posted the Rails parameter parser will construct a hash like the following:</p><div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-{
-  "person" =&gt; {
-    "name" =&gt; "Eloy Duran",
-    "address_attributes" =&gt; {
-      "street" =&gt; "Nieuwe Prinsengracht"
-    }
-  }
-}
-</pre>
-</div>
-<p>That's it. The controller will simply pass this hash on to the model from the <code>create</code> action. The model will then handle building the <code>address</code> association for you and automatically save it when the parent (<code>person</code>) is saved.</p><h5 id="nested-form-for-a-collection-of-associated-objects">2.2.3 Nested form for a collection of associated objects</h5><p>The form code for an association collection is pretty similar to that of a single associated object:</p><div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: ruby; html-script: true; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-&lt;%= form_for @person do |f| %&gt;
-  &lt;%= f.text_field :name %&gt;
-  &lt;%= f.fields_for :projects do |pf| %&gt;
-    &lt;%= pf.text_field :name %&gt;
-  &lt;% end %&gt;
-&lt;% end %&gt;
-</pre>
-</div>
-<p>Which generates:</p><div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: xml; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-&lt;form action="/people" class="new_person" id="new_person" method="post"&gt;
-  &lt;input id="person_name" name="person[name]" type="text" /&gt;
-  &lt;input id="person_projects_attributes_0_name" name="person[projects_attributes][0][name]" type="text" /&gt;
-  &lt;input id="person_projects_attributes_1_name" name="person[projects_attributes][1][name]" type="text" /&gt;
-&lt;/form&gt;
-</pre>
-</div>
-<p>As you can see it has generated 2 <code>project name</code> inputs, one for each new <code>project</code> that was built in the controller's <code>new</code> action. Only this time the <code>name</code> attribute of the input contains a digit as an extra namespace. This will be parsed by the Rails parameter parser as:</p><div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-{
-  "person" =&gt; {
-    "name" =&gt; "Eloy Duran",
-    "projects_attributes" =&gt; {
-      "0" =&gt; { "name" =&gt; "Project 1" },
-      "1" =&gt; { "name" =&gt; "Project 2" }
-    }
-  }
-}
-</pre>
-</div>
-<p>You can basically see the <code>projects_attributes</code> hash as an array of attribute hashes, one for each model instance.</p><div class="note"><p>The reason that <code>fields_for</code> constructed a hash instead of an array is that it won't work for any form nested deeper than one level deep.</p></div><div class="info"><p>You <em>can</em> however pass an array to the writer method generated by <code>accepts_nested_attributes_for</code> if you're using plain Ruby or some other API access. See (TODO) for more info and example.</p></div>
-        <h3>Feedback</h3>
-        <p>
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-          Please contribute if you see any typos or factual errors.
-          To get started, you can read our <a href="http://edgeguides.rubyonrails.org/contributing_to_ruby_on_rails.html#contributing-to-the-rails-documentation">documentation contributions</a> section.
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-        <p>
-          If for whatever reason you spot something to fix but cannot patch it yourself, please
-          <a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/issues">open an issue</a>.
-        </p>
-        <p>And last but not least, any kind of discussion regarding Ruby on Rails
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-<ul>
-<li>A way for developers to share bleeding-edge ideas without hurting the stable code base.</li>
-<li>A segmented architecture so that units of code can be fixed or updated on their own release schedule.</li>
-<li>An outlet for the core developers so that they don&#39;t have to include every cool new feature under the sun.</li>
-</ul>
-<p>After reading this guide, you will know:</p>
-<ul>
-<li>How to create a plugin from scratch.</li>
-<li>How to write and run tests for the plugin.</li>
-</ul>
-<p>This guide describes how to build a test-driven plugin that will:</p>
-<ul>
-<li>Extend core Ruby classes like Hash and String.</li>
-<li>Add methods to <code>ActiveRecord::Base</code> in the tradition of the <code>acts_as</code> plugins.</li>
-<li>Give you information about where to put generators in your plugin.</li>
-</ul>
-<p>For the purpose of this guide pretend for a moment that you are an avid bird watcher.
-Your favorite bird is the Yaffle, and you want to create a plugin that allows other developers to share in the Yaffle
-goodness.</p>
-                <div id="subCol">
-            <h3 class="chapter"><img src="images/chapters_icon.gif" alt="" />Chapters</h3>
-            <ol class="chapters">
-<li>
-<a href="#setup">Setup</a>
-<ul>
-<li><a href="#generate-a-gemified-plugin.">Generate a gemified plugin.</a></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li><a href="#testing-your-newly-generated-plugin">Testing Your Newly Generated Plugin</a></li>
-<li><a href="#extending-core-classes">Extending Core Classes</a></li>
-<li>
-<a href="#add-an-%22acts_as%22-method-to-active-record">Add an "acts_as" Method to Active Record</a>
-<ul>
-<li><a href="#add-a-class-method">Add a Class Method</a></li>
-<li><a href="#add-an-instance-method">Add an Instance Method</a></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li><a href="#generators">Generators</a></li>
-<li><a href="#publishing-your-gem">Publishing Your Gem</a></li>
-<li>
-<a href="#rdoc-documentation">RDoc Documentation</a>
-<ul>
-<li><a href="#references">References</a></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-</ol>
-          </div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-  <div id="container">
-    <div class="wrapper">
-      <div id="mainCol">
-        <h3 id="setup">1 Setup</h3><p>Currently, Rails plugins are built as gems, <em>gemified plugins</em>. They can be shared across
-different rails applications using RubyGems and Bundler if desired.</p><h4 id="generate-a-gemified-plugin.">1.1 Generate a gemified plugin.</h4><p>Rails ships with a <code>rails plugin new</code> command which creates a
-skeleton for developing any kind of Rails extension with the ability
-to run integration tests using a dummy Rails application. Create your
-plugin with the command:</p><div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: plain; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-$ bin/rails plugin new yaffle
-</pre>
-</div>
-<p>See usage and options by asking for help:</p><div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: plain; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-$ bin/rails plugin new --help
-</pre>
-</div>
-<h3 id="testing-your-newly-generated-plugin">2 Testing Your Newly Generated Plugin</h3><p>You can navigate to the directory that contains the plugin, run the <code>bundle install</code> command
- and run the one generated test using the <code>rake</code> command.</p><p>You should see:</p><div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: plain; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-  1 runs, 1 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors, 0 skips
-</pre>
-</div>
-<p>This will tell you that everything got generated properly and you are ready to start adding functionality.</p><h3 id="extending-core-classes">3 Extending Core Classes</h3><p>This section will explain how to add a method to String that will be available anywhere in your rails application.</p><p>In this example you will add a method to String named <code>to_squawk</code>. To begin, create a new test file with a few assertions:</p><div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-# yaffle/test/core_ext_test.rb
-require 'test_helper'
-class CoreExtTest &lt; ActiveSupport::TestCase
-  def test_to_squawk_prepends_the_word_squawk
-    assert_equal "squawk! Hello World", "Hello World".to_squawk
-  end
-end
-</pre>
-</div>
-<p>Run <code>rake</code> to run the test. This test should fail because we haven't implemented the <code>to_squawk</code> method:</p><div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: plain; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-    1) Error:
-  CoreExtTest#test_to_squawk_prepends_the_word_squawk:
-  NoMethodError: undefined method `to_squawk' for "Hello World":String
-    /path/to/yaffle/test/core_ext_test.rb:5:in `test_to_squawk_prepends_the_word_squawk'
-</pre>
-</div>
-<p>Great - now you are ready to start development.</p><p>In <code>lib/yaffle.rb</code>, add <code>require 'yaffle/core_ext'</code>:</p><div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-# yaffle/lib/yaffle.rb
-require 'yaffle/core_ext'
-module Yaffle
-end
-</pre>
-</div>
-<p>Finally, create the <code>core_ext.rb</code> file and add the <code>to_squawk</code> method:</p><div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-# yaffle/lib/yaffle/core_ext.rb
-String.class_eval do
-  def to_squawk
-    "squawk! #{self}".strip
-  end
-end
-</pre>
-</div>
-<p>To test that your method does what it says it does, run the unit tests with <code>rake</code> from your plugin directory.</p><div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: plain; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-  2 runs, 2 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors, 0 skips
-</pre>
-</div>
-<p>To see this in action, change to the test/dummy directory, fire up a console and start squawking:</p><div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: plain; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-$ bin/rails console
-&gt;&gt; "Hello World".to_squawk
-=&gt; "squawk! Hello World"
-</pre>
-</div>
-<h3 id='add-an-"acts_as"-method-to-active-record'>4 Add an "acts_as" Method to Active Record</h3><p>A common pattern in plugins is to add a method called <code>acts_as_something</code> to models. In this case, you
-want to write a method called <code>acts_as_yaffle</code> that adds a <code>squawk</code> method to your Active Record models.</p><p>To begin, set up your files so that you have:</p><div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-# yaffle/test/acts_as_yaffle_test.rb
-require 'test_helper'
-class ActsAsYaffleTest &lt; ActiveSupport::TestCase
-end
-</pre>
-</div>
-<div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-# yaffle/lib/yaffle.rb
-require 'yaffle/core_ext'
-require 'yaffle/acts_as_yaffle'
-module Yaffle
-end
-</pre>
-</div>
-<div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-# yaffle/lib/yaffle/acts_as_yaffle.rb
-module Yaffle
-  module ActsAsYaffle
-    # your code will go here
-  end
-end
-</pre>
-</div>
-<h4 id="add-a-class-method">4.1 Add a Class Method</h4><p>This plugin will expect that you've added a method to your model named <code>last_squawk</code>. However, the
-plugin users might have already defined a method on their model named <code>last_squawk</code> that they use
-for something else. This plugin will allow the name to be changed by adding a class method called <code>yaffle_text_field</code>.</p><p>To start out, write a failing test that shows the behavior you'd like:</p><div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-# yaffle/test/acts_as_yaffle_test.rb
-require 'test_helper'
-class ActsAsYaffleTest &lt; ActiveSupport::TestCase
-  def test_a_hickwalls_yaffle_text_field_should_be_last_squawk
-    assert_equal "last_squawk", Hickwall.yaffle_text_field
-  end
-  def test_a_wickwalls_yaffle_text_field_should_be_last_tweet
-    assert_equal "last_tweet", Wickwall.yaffle_text_field
-  end
-end
-</pre>
-</div>
-<p>When you run <code>rake</code>, you should see the following:</p><div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: plain; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-    1) Error:
-  ActsAsYaffleTest#test_a_hickwalls_yaffle_text_field_should_be_last_squawk:
-  NameError: uninitialized constant ActsAsYaffleTest::Hickwall
-    /path/to/yaffle/test/acts_as_yaffle_test.rb:6:in `test_a_hickwalls_yaffle_text_field_should_be_last_squawk'
-    2) Error:
-  ActsAsYaffleTest#test_a_wickwalls_yaffle_text_field_should_be_last_tweet:
-  NameError: uninitialized constant ActsAsYaffleTest::Wickwall
-    /path/to/yaffle/test/acts_as_yaffle_test.rb:10:in `test_a_wickwalls_yaffle_text_field_should_be_last_tweet'
-  4 runs, 2 assertions, 0 failures, 2 errors, 0 skips
-</pre>
-</div>
-<p>This tells us that we don't have the necessary models (Hickwall and Wickwall) that we are trying to test.
-We can easily generate these models in our "dummy" Rails application by running the following commands from the
-test/dummy directory:</p><div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: plain; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-$ cd test/dummy
-$ bin/rails generate model Hickwall last_squawk:string
-$ bin/rails generate model Wickwall last_squawk:string last_tweet:string
-</pre>
-</div>
-<p>Now you can create the necessary database tables in your testing database by navigating to your dummy app
-and migrating the database. First, run:</p><div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: plain; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-$ cd test/dummy
-$ bin/rake db:migrate
-</pre>
-</div>
-<p>While you are here, change the Hickwall and Wickwall models so that they know that they are supposed to act
-like yaffles.</p><div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-# test/dummy/app/models/hickwall.rb
-class Hickwall &lt; ActiveRecord::Base
-  acts_as_yaffle
-end
-# test/dummy/app/models/wickwall.rb
-class Wickwall &lt; ActiveRecord::Base
-  acts_as_yaffle yaffle_text_field: :last_tweet
-end
-</pre>
-</div>
-<p>We will also add code to define the <code>acts_as_yaffle</code> method.</p><div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-# yaffle/lib/yaffle/acts_as_yaffle.rb
-module Yaffle
-  module ActsAsYaffle
-    extend ActiveSupport::Concern
-    included do
-    end
-    module ClassMethods
-      def acts_as_yaffle(options = {})
-        # your code will go here
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
-ActiveRecord::Base.send :include, Yaffle::ActsAsYaffle
-</pre>
-</div>
-<p>You can then return to the root directory (<code>cd ../..</code>) of your plugin and rerun the tests using <code>rake</code>.</p><div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: plain; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-    1) Error:
-  ActsAsYaffleTest#test_a_hickwalls_yaffle_text_field_should_be_last_squawk:
-  NoMethodError: undefined method `yaffle_text_field' for #&lt;Class:0x007fd105e3b218&gt;
-    activerecord (4.1.5) lib/active_record/dynamic_matchers.rb:26:in `method_missing'
-    /path/to/yaffle/test/acts_as_yaffle_test.rb:6:in `test_a_hickwalls_yaffle_text_field_should_be_last_squawk'
-    2) Error:
-  ActsAsYaffleTest#test_a_wickwalls_yaffle_text_field_should_be_last_tweet:
-  NoMethodError: undefined method `yaffle_text_field' for #&lt;Class:0x007fd105e409c0&gt;
-    activerecord (4.1.5) lib/active_record/dynamic_matchers.rb:26:in `method_missing'
-    /path/to/yaffle/test/acts_as_yaffle_test.rb:10:in `test_a_wickwalls_yaffle_text_field_should_be_last_tweet'
-  4 runs, 2 assertions, 0 failures, 2 errors, 0 skips
-</pre>
-</div>
-<p>Getting closer... Now we will implement the code of the <code>acts_as_yaffle</code> method to make the tests pass.</p><div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-# yaffle/lib/yaffle/acts_as_yaffle.rb
-module Yaffle
-  module ActsAsYaffle
-   extend ActiveSupport::Concern
-    included do
-    end
-    module ClassMethods
-      def acts_as_yaffle(options = {})
-        cattr_accessor :yaffle_text_field
-        self.yaffle_text_field = (options[:yaffle_text_field] || :last_squawk).to_s
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
-ActiveRecord::Base.send :include, Yaffle::ActsAsYaffle
-</pre>
-</div>
-<p>When you run <code>rake</code>, you should see the tests all pass:</p><div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: plain; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-  4 runs, 4 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors, 0 skips
-</pre>
-</div>
-<h4 id="add-an-instance-method">4.2 Add an Instance Method</h4><p>This plugin will add a method named 'squawk' to any Active Record object that calls 'acts_as_yaffle'. The 'squawk'
-method will simply set the value of one of the fields in the database.</p><p>To start out, write a failing test that shows the behavior you'd like:</p><div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-# yaffle/test/acts_as_yaffle_test.rb
-require 'test_helper'
-class ActsAsYaffleTest &lt; ActiveSupport::TestCase
-  def test_a_hickwalls_yaffle_text_field_should_be_last_squawk
-    assert_equal "last_squawk", Hickwall.yaffle_text_field
-  end
-  def test_a_wickwalls_yaffle_text_field_should_be_last_tweet
-    assert_equal "last_tweet", Wickwall.yaffle_text_field
-  end
-  def test_hickwalls_squawk_should_populate_last_squawk
-    hickwall = Hickwall.new
-    hickwall.squawk("Hello World")
-    assert_equal "squawk! Hello World", hickwall.last_squawk
-  end
-  def test_wickwalls_squawk_should_populate_last_tweet
-    wickwall = Wickwall.new
-    wickwall.squawk("Hello World")
-    assert_equal "squawk! Hello World", wickwall.last_tweet
-  end
-end
-</pre>
-</div>
-<p>Run the test to make sure the last two tests fail with an error that contains "NoMethodError: undefined method `squawk'",
-then update 'acts_as_yaffle.rb' to look like this:</p><div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-# yaffle/lib/yaffle/acts_as_yaffle.rb
-module Yaffle
-  module ActsAsYaffle
-    extend ActiveSupport::Concern
-    included do
-    end
-    module ClassMethods
-      def acts_as_yaffle(options = {})
-        cattr_accessor :yaffle_text_field
-        self.yaffle_text_field = (options[:yaffle_text_field] || :last_squawk).to_s
-        include Yaffle::ActsAsYaffle::LocalInstanceMethods
-      end
-    end
-    module LocalInstanceMethods
-      def squawk(string)
-        write_attribute(self.class.yaffle_text_field, string.to_squawk)
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
-ActiveRecord::Base.send :include, Yaffle::ActsAsYaffle
-</pre>
-</div>
-<p>Run <code>rake</code> one final time and you should see:</p><div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: plain; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-  6 runs, 6 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors, 0 skips
-</pre>
-</div>
-<div class="note"><p>The use of <code>write_attribute</code> to write to the field in model is just one example of how a plugin can interact with the model, and will not always be the right method to use. For example, you could also use:</p></div><div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-send("#{self.class.yaffle_text_field}=", string.to_squawk)
-</pre>
-</div>
-<h3 id="generators">5 Generators</h3><p>Generators can be included in your gem simply by creating them in a lib/generators directory of your plugin. More information about
-the creation of generators can be found in the <a href="generators.html">Generators Guide</a></p><h3 id="publishing-your-gem">6 Publishing Your Gem</h3><p>Gem plugins currently in development can easily be shared from any Git repository. To share the Yaffle gem with others, simply
-commit the code to a Git repository (like GitHub) and add a line to the Gemfile of the application in question:</p><div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-gem 'yaffle', git: 'git://github.com/yaffle_watcher/yaffle.git'
-</pre>
-</div>
-<p>After running <code>bundle install</code>, your gem functionality will be available to the application.</p><p>When the gem is ready to be shared as a formal release, it can be published to <a href="http://www.rubygems.org">RubyGems</a>.
-For more information about publishing gems to RubyGems, see: <a href="http://blog.thepete.net/2010/11/creating-and-publishing-your-first-ruby.html">Creating and Publishing Your First Ruby Gem</a>.</p><h3 id="rdoc-documentation">7 RDoc Documentation</h3><p>Once your plugin is stable and you are ready to deploy, do everyone else a favor and document it! Luckily, writing documentation for your plugin is easy.</p><p>The first step is to update the README file with detailed information about how to use your plugin. A few key things to include are:</p>
-<ul>
-<li>Your name</li>
-<li>How to install</li>
-<li>How to add the functionality to the app (several examples of common use cases)</li>
-<li>Warnings, gotchas or tips that might help users and save them time</li>
-</ul>
-<p>Once your README is solid, go through and add rdoc comments to all of the methods that developers will use. It's also customary to add '#:nodoc:' comments to those parts of the code that are not included in the public API.</p><p>Once your comments are good to go, navigate to your plugin directory and run:</p><div class="code_container">
-<pre class="brush: plain; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
-$ bin/rake rdoc
-</pre>
-</div>
-<h4 id="references">7.1 References</h4>
-<ul>
-<li><a href="https://github.com/radar/guides/blob/master/gem-development.md">Developing a RubyGem using Bundler</a></li>
-<li><a href="http://yehudakatz.com/2010/04/02/using-gemspecs-as-intended/">Using .gemspecs as Intended</a></li>
-<li><a href="http://guides.rubygems.org/specification-reference/">Gemspec Reference</a></li>
-<li><a href="http://www.intridea.com/blog/2008/6/11/gemplugins-a-brief-introduction-to-the-future-of-rails-plugins">GemPlugins: A Brief Introduction to the Future of Rails Plugins</a></li>
-</ul>
-        <h3>Feedback</h3>
-        <p>
-          You're encouraged to help improve the quality of this guide.
-        </p>
-        <p>
-          Please contribute if you see any typos or factual errors.
-          To get started, you can read our <a href="http://edgeguides.rubyonrails.org/contributing_to_ruby_on_rails.html#contributing-to-the-rails-documentation">documentation contributions</a> section.
-        </p>
-        <p>
-          You may also find incomplete content, or stuff that is not up to date.
-          Please do add any missing documentation for master. Make sure to check
-          <a href="http://edgeguides.rubyonrails.org">Edge Guides</a> first to verify
-          if the issues are already fixed or not on the master branch.
-          Check the <a href="ruby_on_rails_guides_guidelines.html">Ruby on Rails Guides Guidelines</a>
-          for style and conventions.
-        </p>
-        <p>
-          If for whatever reason you spot something to fix but cannot patch it yourself, please
-          <a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/issues">open an issue</a>.
-        </p>
-        <p>And last but not least, any kind of discussion regarding Ruby on Rails
-          documentation is very welcome in the <a href="http://groups.google.com/group/rubyonrails-docs">rubyonrails-docs mailing list</a>.
-        </p>
-      </div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-  <hr class="hide" />
-  <div id="footer">
-    <div class="wrapper">
-      <p>This work is licensed under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International</a> License</p>
-<p>"Rails", "Ruby on Rails", and the Rails logo are trademarks of David Heinemeier Hansson. All rights reserved.</p>
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