libv8-sgonyea 3.3.10

data/lib/libv8/v8/src/x64/assembler-x64.h

@@ -0,0 +1,1633 @@
+// Copyright (c) 1994-2006 Sun Microsystems Inc.
+// All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+// - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+// this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//
+// - Redistribution in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+// documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+//
+// - Neither the name of Sun Microsystems or the names of contributors may
+// be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
+// specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
+// IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+// PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
+// CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+// EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+// PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+// NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+// SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// The original source code covered by the above license above has been
+// modified significantly by Google Inc.
+// Copyright 2011 the V8 project authors. All rights reserved.
+
+// A lightweight X64 Assembler.
+
+#ifndef V8_X64_ASSEMBLER_X64_H_
+#define V8_X64_ASSEMBLER_X64_H_
+
+#include "serialize.h"
+
+namespace v8 {
+namespace internal {
+
+// Utility functions
+
+// Test whether a 64-bit value is in a specific range.
+static inline bool is_uint32(int64_t x) {
+  static const uint64_t kMaxUInt32 = V8_UINT64_C(0xffffffff);
+  return static_cast<uint64_t>(x) <= kMaxUInt32;
+}
+
+static inline bool is_int32(int64_t x) {
+  static const int64_t kMinInt32 = -V8_INT64_C(0x80000000);
+  return is_uint32(x - kMinInt32);
+}
+
+static inline bool uint_is_int32(uint64_t x) {
+  static const uint64_t kMaxInt32 = V8_UINT64_C(0x7fffffff);
+  return x <= kMaxInt32;
+}
+
+static inline bool is_uint32(uint64_t x) {
+  static const uint64_t kMaxUInt32 = V8_UINT64_C(0xffffffff);
+  return x <= kMaxUInt32;
+}
+
+// CPU Registers.
+//
+// 1) We would prefer to use an enum, but enum values are assignment-
+// compatible with int, which has caused code-generation bugs.
+//
+// 2) We would prefer to use a class instead of a struct but we don't like
+// the register initialization to depend on the particular initialization
+// order (which appears to be different on OS X, Linux, and Windows for the
+// installed versions of C++ we tried). Using a struct permits C-style
+// "initialization". Also, the Register objects cannot be const as this
+// forces initialization stubs in MSVC, making us dependent on initialization
+// order.
+//
+// 3) By not using an enum, we are possibly preventing the compiler from
+// doing certain constant folds, which may significantly reduce the
+// code generated for some assembly instructions (because they boil down
+// to a few constants). If this is a problem, we could change the code
+// such that we use an enum in optimized mode, and the struct in debug
+// mode. This way we get the compile-time error checking in debug mode
+// and best performance in optimized code.
+//
+
+struct Register {
+  // The non-allocatable registers are:
+  //  rsp - stack pointer
+  //  rbp - frame pointer
+  //  rsi - context register
+  //  r10 - fixed scratch register
+  //  r12 - smi constant register
+  //  r13 - root register
+  static const int kNumRegisters = 16;
+  static const int kNumAllocatableRegisters = 10;
+
+  static int ToAllocationIndex(Register reg) {
+    return kAllocationIndexByRegisterCode[reg.code()];
+  }
+
+  static Register FromAllocationIndex(int index) {
+    ASSERT(index >= 0 && index < kNumAllocatableRegisters);
+    Register result = { kRegisterCodeByAllocationIndex[index] };
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  static const char* AllocationIndexToString(int index) {
+    ASSERT(index >= 0 && index < kNumAllocatableRegisters);
+    const char* const names[] = {
+      "rax",
+      "rbx",
+      "rdx",
+      "rcx",
+      "rdi",
+      "r8",
+      "r9",
+      "r11",
+      "r14",
+      "r15"
+    };
+    return names[index];
+  }
+
+  static Register toRegister(int code) {
+    Register r = { code };
+    return r;
+  }
+  bool is_valid() const { return 0 <= code_ && code_ < kNumRegisters; }
+  bool is(Register reg) const { return code_ == reg.code_; }
+  int code() const {
+    ASSERT(is_valid());
+    return code_;
+  }
+  int bit() const {
+    return 1 << code_;
+  }
+
+  // Return the high bit of the register code as a 0 or 1.  Used often
+  // when constructing the REX prefix byte.
+  int high_bit() const {
+    return code_ >> 3;
+  }
+  // Return the 3 low bits of the register code.  Used when encoding registers
+  // in modR/M, SIB, and opcode bytes.
+  int low_bits() const {
+    return code_ & 0x7;
+  }
+
+  // Unfortunately we can't make this private in a struct when initializing
+  // by assignment.
+  int code_;
+
+ private:
+  static const int kRegisterCodeByAllocationIndex[kNumAllocatableRegisters];
+  static const int kAllocationIndexByRegisterCode[kNumRegisters];
+};
+
+const Register rax = { 0 };
+const Register rcx = { 1 };
+const Register rdx = { 2 };
+const Register rbx = { 3 };
+const Register rsp = { 4 };
+const Register rbp = { 5 };
+const Register rsi = { 6 };
+const Register rdi = { 7 };
+const Register r8 = { 8 };
+const Register r9 = { 9 };
+const Register r10 = { 10 };
+const Register r11 = { 11 };
+const Register r12 = { 12 };
+const Register r13 = { 13 };
+const Register r14 = { 14 };
+const Register r15 = { 15 };
+const Register no_reg = { -1 };
+
+
+struct XMMRegister {
+  static const int kNumRegisters = 16;
+  static const int kNumAllocatableRegisters = 15;
+
+  static int ToAllocationIndex(XMMRegister reg) {
+    ASSERT(reg.code() != 0);
+    return reg.code() - 1;
+  }
+
+  static XMMRegister FromAllocationIndex(int index) {
+    ASSERT(0 <= index && index < kNumAllocatableRegisters);
+    XMMRegister result = { index + 1 };
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  static const char* AllocationIndexToString(int index) {
+    ASSERT(index >= 0 && index < kNumAllocatableRegisters);
+    const char* const names[] = {
+      "xmm1",
+      "xmm2",
+      "xmm3",
+      "xmm4",
+      "xmm5",
+      "xmm6",
+      "xmm7",
+      "xmm8",
+      "xmm9",
+      "xmm10",
+      "xmm11",
+      "xmm12",
+      "xmm13",
+      "xmm14",
+      "xmm15"
+    };
+    return names[index];
+  }
+
+  bool is_valid() const { return 0 <= code_ && code_ < kNumRegisters; }
+  bool is(XMMRegister reg) const { return code_ == reg.code_; }
+  int code() const {
+    ASSERT(is_valid());
+    return code_;
+  }
+
+  // Return the high bit of the register code as a 0 or 1.  Used often
+  // when constructing the REX prefix byte.
+  int high_bit() const {
+    return code_ >> 3;
+  }
+  // Return the 3 low bits of the register code.  Used when encoding registers
+  // in modR/M, SIB, and opcode bytes.
+  int low_bits() const {
+    return code_ & 0x7;
+  }
+
+  int code_;
+};
+
+const XMMRegister xmm0 = { 0 };
+const XMMRegister xmm1 = { 1 };
+const XMMRegister xmm2 = { 2 };
+const XMMRegister xmm3 = { 3 };
+const XMMRegister xmm4 = { 4 };
+const XMMRegister xmm5 = { 5 };
+const XMMRegister xmm6 = { 6 };
+const XMMRegister xmm7 = { 7 };
+const XMMRegister xmm8 = { 8 };
+const XMMRegister xmm9 = { 9 };
+const XMMRegister xmm10 = { 10 };
+const XMMRegister xmm11 = { 11 };
+const XMMRegister xmm12 = { 12 };
+const XMMRegister xmm13 = { 13 };
+const XMMRegister xmm14 = { 14 };
+const XMMRegister xmm15 = { 15 };
+
+
+typedef XMMRegister DoubleRegister;
+
+
+enum Condition {
+  // any value < 0 is considered no_condition
+  no_condition  = -1,
+
+  overflow      =  0,
+  no_overflow   =  1,
+  below         =  2,
+  above_equal   =  3,
+  equal         =  4,
+  not_equal     =  5,
+  below_equal   =  6,
+  above         =  7,
+  negative      =  8,
+  positive      =  9,
+  parity_even   = 10,
+  parity_odd    = 11,
+  less          = 12,
+  greater_equal = 13,
+  less_equal    = 14,
+  greater       = 15,
+
+  // Fake conditions that are handled by the
+  // opcodes using them.
+  always        = 16,
+  never         = 17,
+  // aliases
+  carry         = below,
+  not_carry     = above_equal,
+  zero          = equal,
+  not_zero      = not_equal,
+  sign          = negative,
+  not_sign      = positive,
+  last_condition = greater
+};
+
+
+// Returns the equivalent of !cc.
+// Negation of the default no_condition (-1) results in a non-default
+// no_condition value (-2). As long as tests for no_condition check
+// for condition < 0, this will work as expected.
+inline Condition NegateCondition(Condition cc) {
+  return static_cast<Condition>(cc ^ 1);
+}
+
+
+// Corresponds to transposing the operands of a comparison.
+inline Condition ReverseCondition(Condition cc) {
+  switch (cc) {
+    case below:
+      return above;
+    case above:
+      return below;
+    case above_equal:
+      return below_equal;
+    case below_equal:
+      return above_equal;
+    case less:
+      return greater;
+    case greater:
+      return less;
+    case greater_equal:
+      return less_equal;
+    case less_equal:
+      return greater_equal;
+    default:
+      return cc;
+  };
+}
+
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Machine instruction Immediates
+
+class Immediate BASE_EMBEDDED {
+ public:
+  explicit Immediate(int32_t value) : value_(value) {}
+
+ private:
+  int32_t value_;
+
+  friend class Assembler;
+};
+
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Machine instruction Operands
+
+enum ScaleFactor {
+  times_1 = 0,
+  times_2 = 1,
+  times_4 = 2,
+  times_8 = 3,
+  times_int_size = times_4,
+  times_pointer_size = times_8
+};
+
+
+class Operand BASE_EMBEDDED {
+ public:
+  // [base + disp/r]
+  Operand(Register base, int32_t disp);
+
+  // [base + index*scale + disp/r]
+  Operand(Register base,
+          Register index,
+          ScaleFactor scale,
+          int32_t disp);
+
+  // [index*scale + disp/r]
+  Operand(Register index,
+          ScaleFactor scale,
+          int32_t disp);
+
+  // Offset from existing memory operand.
+  // Offset is added to existing displacement as 32-bit signed values and
+  // this must not overflow.
+  Operand(const Operand& base, int32_t offset);
+
+  // Checks whether either base or index register is the given register.
+  // Does not check the "reg" part of the Operand.
+  bool AddressUsesRegister(Register reg) const;
+
+  // Queries related to the size of the generated instruction.
+  // Whether the generated instruction will have a REX prefix.
+  bool requires_rex() const { return rex_ != 0; }
+  // Size of the ModR/M, SIB and displacement parts of the generated
+  // instruction.
+  int operand_size() const { return len_; }
+
+ private:
+  byte rex_;
+  byte buf_[6];
+  // The number of bytes of buf_ in use.
+  byte len_;
+
+  // Set the ModR/M byte without an encoded 'reg' register. The
+  // register is encoded later as part of the emit_operand operation.
+  // set_modrm can be called before or after set_sib and set_disp*.
+  inline void set_modrm(int mod, Register rm);
+
+  // Set the SIB byte if one is needed. Sets the length to 2 rather than 1.
+  inline void set_sib(ScaleFactor scale, Register index, Register base);
+
+  // Adds operand displacement fields (offsets added to the memory address).
+  // Needs to be called after set_sib, not before it.
+  inline void set_disp8(int disp);
+  inline void set_disp32(int disp);
+
+  friend class Assembler;
+};
+
+
+// CpuFeatures keeps track of which features are supported by the target CPU.
+// Supported features must be enabled by a Scope before use.
+// Example:
+//   if (CpuFeatures::IsSupported(SSE3)) {
+//     CpuFeatures::Scope fscope(SSE3);
+//     // Generate SSE3 floating point code.
+//   } else {
+//     // Generate standard x87 or SSE2 floating point code.
+//   }
+class CpuFeatures : public AllStatic {
+ public:
+  // Detect features of the target CPU. Set safe defaults if the serializer
+  // is enabled (snapshots must be portable).
+  static void Probe();
+
+  // Check whether a feature is supported by the target CPU.
+  static bool IsSupported(CpuFeature f) {
+    ASSERT(initialized_);
+    if (f == SSE2 && !FLAG_enable_sse2) return false;
+    if (f == SSE3 && !FLAG_enable_sse3) return false;
+    if (f == CMOV && !FLAG_enable_cmov) return false;
+    if (f == RDTSC && !FLAG_enable_rdtsc) return false;
+    if (f == SAHF && !FLAG_enable_sahf) return false;
+    return (supported_ & (V8_UINT64_C(1) << f)) != 0;
+  }
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+  // Check whether a feature is currently enabled.
+  static bool IsEnabled(CpuFeature f) {
+    ASSERT(initialized_);
+    Isolate* isolate = Isolate::UncheckedCurrent();
+    if (isolate == NULL) {
+      // When no isolate is available, work as if we're running in
+      // release mode.
+      return IsSupported(f);
+    }
+    uint64_t enabled = isolate->enabled_cpu_features();
+    return (enabled & (V8_UINT64_C(1) << f)) != 0;
+  }
+#endif
+
+  // Enable a specified feature within a scope.
+  class Scope BASE_EMBEDDED {
+#ifdef DEBUG
+   public:
+    explicit Scope(CpuFeature f) {
+      uint64_t mask = V8_UINT64_C(1) << f;
+      ASSERT(CpuFeatures::IsSupported(f));
+      ASSERT(!Serializer::enabled() ||
+             (CpuFeatures::found_by_runtime_probing_ & mask) == 0);
+      isolate_ = Isolate::UncheckedCurrent();
+      old_enabled_ = 0;
+      if (isolate_ != NULL) {
+        old_enabled_ = isolate_->enabled_cpu_features();
+        isolate_->set_enabled_cpu_features(old_enabled_ | mask);
+      }
+    }
+    ~Scope() {
+      ASSERT_EQ(Isolate::UncheckedCurrent(), isolate_);
+      if (isolate_ != NULL) {
+        isolate_->set_enabled_cpu_features(old_enabled_);
+      }
+    }
+   private:
+    Isolate* isolate_;
+    uint64_t old_enabled_;
+#else
+   public:
+    explicit Scope(CpuFeature f) {}
+#endif
+  };
+
+ private:
+  // Safe defaults include SSE2 and CMOV for X64. It is always available, if
+  // anyone checks, but they shouldn't need to check.
+  // The required user mode extensions in X64 are (from AMD64 ABI Table A.1):
+  //   fpu, tsc, cx8, cmov, mmx, sse, sse2, fxsr, syscall
+  static const uint64_t kDefaultCpuFeatures = (1 << SSE2 | 1 << CMOV);
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+  static bool initialized_;
+#endif
+  static uint64_t supported_;
+  static uint64_t found_by_runtime_probing_;
+
+  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(CpuFeatures);
+};
+
+
+class Assembler : public AssemblerBase {
+ private:
+  // We check before assembling an instruction that there is sufficient
+  // space to write an instruction and its relocation information.
+  // The relocation writer's position must be kGap bytes above the end of
+  // the generated instructions. This leaves enough space for the
+  // longest possible x64 instruction, 15 bytes, and the longest possible
+  // relocation information encoding, RelocInfoWriter::kMaxLength == 16.
+  // (There is a 15 byte limit on x64 instruction length that rules out some
+  // otherwise valid instructions.)
+  // This allows for a single, fast space check per instruction.
+  static const int kGap = 32;
+
+ public:
+  // Create an assembler. Instructions and relocation information are emitted
+  // into a buffer, with the instructions starting from the beginning and the
+  // relocation information starting from the end of the buffer. See CodeDesc
+  // for a detailed comment on the layout (globals.h).
+  //
+  // If the provided buffer is NULL, the assembler allocates and grows its own
+  // buffer, and buffer_size determines the initial buffer size. The buffer is
+  // owned by the assembler and deallocated upon destruction of the assembler.
+  //
+  // If the provided buffer is not NULL, the assembler uses the provided buffer
+  // for code generation and assumes its size to be buffer_size. If the buffer
+  // is too small, a fatal error occurs. No deallocation of the buffer is done
+  // upon destruction of the assembler.
+  Assembler(Isolate* isolate, void* buffer, int buffer_size);
+  ~Assembler();
+
+  // Overrides the default provided by FLAG_debug_code.
+  void set_emit_debug_code(bool value) { emit_debug_code_ = value; }
+
+  // GetCode emits any pending (non-emitted) code and fills the descriptor
+  // desc. GetCode() is idempotent; it returns the same result if no other
+  // Assembler functions are invoked in between GetCode() calls.
+  void GetCode(CodeDesc* desc);
+
+  // Read/Modify the code target in the relative branch/call instruction at pc.
+  // On the x64 architecture, we use relative jumps with a 32-bit displacement
+  // to jump to other Code objects in the Code space in the heap.
+  // Jumps to C functions are done indirectly through a 64-bit register holding
+  // the absolute address of the target.
+  // These functions convert between absolute Addresses of Code objects and
+  // the relative displacements stored in the code.
+  static inline Address target_address_at(Address pc);
+  static inline void set_target_address_at(Address pc, Address target);
+
+  // This sets the branch destination (which is in the instruction on x64).
+  // This is for calls and branches within generated code.
+  inline static void set_target_at(Address instruction_payload,
+                                   Address target) {
+    set_target_address_at(instruction_payload, target);
+  }
+
+  // This sets the branch destination (which is a load instruction on x64).
+  // This is for calls and branches to runtime code.
+  inline static void set_external_target_at(Address instruction_payload,
+                                            Address target) {
+    *reinterpret_cast<Address*>(instruction_payload) = target;
+  }
+
+  inline Handle<Object> code_target_object_handle_at(Address pc);
+  // Number of bytes taken up by the branch target in the code.
+  static const int kCallTargetSize = 4;      // Use 32-bit displacement.
+  static const int kExternalTargetSize = 8;  // Use 64-bit absolute.
+  // Distance between the address of the code target in the call instruction
+  // and the return address pushed on the stack.
+  static const int kCallTargetAddressOffset = 4;  // Use 32-bit displacement.
+  // Distance between the start of the JS return sequence and where the
+  // 32-bit displacement of a near call would be, relative to the pushed
+  // return address.  TODO: Use return sequence length instead.
+  // Should equal Debug::kX64JSReturnSequenceLength - kCallTargetAddressOffset;
+  static const int kPatchReturnSequenceAddressOffset = 13 - 4;
+  // Distance between start of patched debug break slot and where the
+  // 32-bit displacement of a near call would be, relative to the pushed
+  // return address.  TODO: Use return sequence length instead.
+  // Should equal Debug::kX64JSReturnSequenceLength - kCallTargetAddressOffset;
+  static const int kPatchDebugBreakSlotAddressOffset = 13 - 4;
+  // TODO(X64): Rename this, removing the "Real", after changing the above.
+  static const int kRealPatchReturnSequenceAddressOffset = 2;
+
+  // Some x64 JS code is padded with int3 to make it large
+  // enough to hold an instruction when the debugger patches it.
+  static const int kJumpInstructionLength = 13;
+  static const int kCallInstructionLength = 13;
+  static const int kJSReturnSequenceLength = 13;
+  static const int kShortCallInstructionLength = 5;
+
+  // The debug break slot must be able to contain a call instruction.
+  static const int kDebugBreakSlotLength = kCallInstructionLength;
+
+  // One byte opcode for test eax,0xXXXXXXXX.
+  static const byte kTestEaxByte = 0xA9;
+  // One byte opcode for test al, 0xXX.
+  static const byte kTestAlByte = 0xA8;
+  // One byte opcode for nop.
+  static const byte kNopByte = 0x90;
+
+  // One byte prefix for a short conditional jump.
+  static const byte kJccShortPrefix = 0x70;
+  static const byte kJncShortOpcode = kJccShortPrefix | not_carry;
+  static const byte kJcShortOpcode = kJccShortPrefix | carry;
+
+
+
+  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Code generation
+  //
+  // Function names correspond one-to-one to x64 instruction mnemonics.
+  // Unless specified otherwise, instructions operate on 64-bit operands.
+  //
+  // If we need versions of an assembly instruction that operate on different
+  // width arguments, we add a single-letter suffix specifying the width.
+  // This is done for the following instructions: mov, cmp, inc, dec,
+  // add, sub, and test.
+  // There are no versions of these instructions without the suffix.
+  // - Instructions on 8-bit (byte) operands/registers have a trailing 'b'.
+  // - Instructions on 16-bit (word) operands/registers have a trailing 'w'.
+  // - Instructions on 32-bit (doubleword) operands/registers use 'l'.
+  // - Instructions on 64-bit (quadword) operands/registers use 'q'.
+  //
+  // Some mnemonics, such as "and", are the same as C++ keywords.
+  // Naming conflicts with C++ keywords are resolved by adding a trailing '_'.
+
+  // Insert the smallest number of nop instructions
+  // possible to align the pc offset to a multiple
+  // of m, where m must be a power of 2.
+  void Align(int m);
+  // Aligns code to something that's optimal for a jump target for the platform.
+  void CodeTargetAlign();
+
+  // Stack
+  void pushfq();
+  void popfq();
+
+  void push(Immediate value);
+  // Push a 32 bit integer, and guarantee that it is actually pushed as a
+  // 32 bit value, the normal push will optimize the 8 bit case.
+  void push_imm32(int32_t imm32);
+  void push(Register src);
+  void push(const Operand& src);
+
+  void pop(Register dst);
+  void pop(const Operand& dst);
+
+  void enter(Immediate size);
+  void leave();
+
+  // Moves
+  void movb(Register dst, const Operand& src);
+  void movb(Register dst, Immediate imm);
+  void movb(const Operand& dst, Register src);
+
+  // Move the low 16 bits of a 64-bit register value to a 16-bit
+  // memory location.
+  void movw(const Operand& dst, Register src);
+
+  void movl(Register dst, Register src);
+  void movl(Register dst, const Operand& src);
+  void movl(const Operand& dst, Register src);
+  void movl(const Operand& dst, Immediate imm);
+  // Load a 32-bit immediate value, zero-extended to 64 bits.
+  void movl(Register dst, Immediate imm32);
+
+  // Move 64 bit register value to 64-bit memory location.
+  void movq(const Operand& dst, Register src);
+  // Move 64 bit memory location to 64-bit register value.
+  void movq(Register dst, const Operand& src);
+  void movq(Register dst, Register src);
+  // Sign extends immediate 32-bit value to 64 bits.
+  void movq(Register dst, Immediate x);
+  // Move the offset of the label location relative to the current
+  // position (after the move) to the destination.
+  void movl(const Operand& dst, Label* src);
+
+  // Move sign extended immediate to memory location.
+  void movq(const Operand& dst, Immediate value);
+  // Instructions to load a 64-bit immediate into a register.
+  // All 64-bit immediates must have a relocation mode.
+  void movq(Register dst, void* ptr, RelocInfo::Mode rmode);
+  void movq(Register dst, int64_t value, RelocInfo::Mode rmode);
+  void movq(Register dst, const char* s, RelocInfo::Mode rmode);
+  // Moves the address of the external reference into the register.
+  void movq(Register dst, ExternalReference ext);
+  void movq(Register dst, Handle<Object> handle, RelocInfo::Mode rmode);
+
+  void movsxbq(Register dst, const Operand& src);
+  void movsxwq(Register dst, const Operand& src);
+  void movsxlq(Register dst, Register src);
+  void movsxlq(Register dst, const Operand& src);
+  void movzxbq(Register dst, const Operand& src);
+  void movzxbl(Register dst, const Operand& src);
+  void movzxwq(Register dst, const Operand& src);
+  void movzxwl(Register dst, const Operand& src);
+
+  // Repeated moves.
+
+  void repmovsb();
+  void repmovsw();
+  void repmovsl();
+  void repmovsq();
+
+  // Instruction to load from an immediate 64-bit pointer into RAX.
+  void load_rax(void* ptr, RelocInfo::Mode rmode);
+  void load_rax(ExternalReference ext);
+
+  // Conditional moves.
+  void cmovq(Condition cc, Register dst, Register src);
+  void cmovq(Condition cc, Register dst, const Operand& src);
+  void cmovl(Condition cc, Register dst, Register src);
+  void cmovl(Condition cc, Register dst, const Operand& src);
+
+  // Exchange two registers
+  void xchg(Register dst, Register src);
+
+  // Arithmetics
+  void addl(Register dst, Register src) {
+    arithmetic_op_32(0x03, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void addl(Register dst, Immediate src) {
+    immediate_arithmetic_op_32(0x0, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void addl(Register dst, const Operand& src) {
+    arithmetic_op_32(0x03, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void addl(const Operand& dst, Immediate src) {
+    immediate_arithmetic_op_32(0x0, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void addq(Register dst, Register src) {
+    arithmetic_op(0x03, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void addq(Register dst, const Operand& src) {
+    arithmetic_op(0x03, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void addq(const Operand& dst, Register src) {
+    arithmetic_op(0x01, src, dst);
+  }
+
+  void addq(Register dst, Immediate src) {
+    immediate_arithmetic_op(0x0, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void addq(const Operand& dst, Immediate src) {
+    immediate_arithmetic_op(0x0, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void sbbl(Register dst, Register src) {
+    arithmetic_op_32(0x1b, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void sbbq(Register dst, Register src) {
+    arithmetic_op(0x1b, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void cmpb(Register dst, Immediate src) {
+    immediate_arithmetic_op_8(0x7, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void cmpb_al(Immediate src);
+
+  void cmpb(Register dst, Register src) {
+    arithmetic_op(0x3A, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void cmpb(Register dst, const Operand& src) {
+    arithmetic_op(0x3A, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void cmpb(const Operand& dst, Register src) {
+    arithmetic_op(0x38, src, dst);
+  }
+
+  void cmpb(const Operand& dst, Immediate src) {
+    immediate_arithmetic_op_8(0x7, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void cmpw(const Operand& dst, Immediate src) {
+    immediate_arithmetic_op_16(0x7, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void cmpw(Register dst, Immediate src) {
+    immediate_arithmetic_op_16(0x7, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void cmpw(Register dst, const Operand& src) {
+    arithmetic_op_16(0x3B, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void cmpw(Register dst, Register src) {
+    arithmetic_op_16(0x3B, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void cmpw(const Operand& dst, Register src) {
+    arithmetic_op_16(0x39, src, dst);
+  }
+
+  void cmpl(Register dst, Register src) {
+    arithmetic_op_32(0x3B, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void cmpl(Register dst, const Operand& src) {
+    arithmetic_op_32(0x3B, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void cmpl(const Operand& dst, Register src) {
+    arithmetic_op_32(0x39, src, dst);
+  }
+
+  void cmpl(Register dst, Immediate src) {
+    immediate_arithmetic_op_32(0x7, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void cmpl(const Operand& dst, Immediate src) {
+    immediate_arithmetic_op_32(0x7, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void cmpq(Register dst, Register src) {
+    arithmetic_op(0x3B, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void cmpq(Register dst, const Operand& src) {
+    arithmetic_op(0x3B, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void cmpq(const Operand& dst, Register src) {
+    arithmetic_op(0x39, src, dst);
+  }
+
+  void cmpq(Register dst, Immediate src) {
+    immediate_arithmetic_op(0x7, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void cmpq(const Operand& dst, Immediate src) {
+    immediate_arithmetic_op(0x7, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void and_(Register dst, Register src) {
+    arithmetic_op(0x23, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void and_(Register dst, const Operand& src) {
+    arithmetic_op(0x23, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void and_(const Operand& dst, Register src) {
+    arithmetic_op(0x21, src, dst);
+  }
+
+  void and_(Register dst, Immediate src) {
+    immediate_arithmetic_op(0x4, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void and_(const Operand& dst, Immediate src) {
+    immediate_arithmetic_op(0x4, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void andl(Register dst, Immediate src) {
+    immediate_arithmetic_op_32(0x4, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void andl(Register dst, Register src) {
+    arithmetic_op_32(0x23, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void andl(Register dst, const Operand& src) {
+    arithmetic_op_32(0x23, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void andb(Register dst, Immediate src) {
+    immediate_arithmetic_op_8(0x4, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void decq(Register dst);
+  void decq(const Operand& dst);
+  void decl(Register dst);
+  void decl(const Operand& dst);
+  void decb(Register dst);
+  void decb(const Operand& dst);
+
+  // Sign-extends rax into rdx:rax.
+  void cqo();
+  // Sign-extends eax into edx:eax.
+  void cdq();
+
+  // Divide rdx:rax by src.  Quotient in rax, remainder in rdx.
+  void idivq(Register src);
+  // Divide edx:eax by lower 32 bits of src.  Quotient in eax, rem. in edx.
+  void idivl(Register src);
+
+  // Signed multiply instructions.
+  void imul(Register src);                               // rdx:rax = rax * src.
+  void imul(Register dst, Register src);                 // dst = dst * src.
+  void imul(Register dst, const Operand& src);           // dst = dst * src.
+  void imul(Register dst, Register src, Immediate imm);  // dst = src * imm.
+  // Signed 32-bit multiply instructions.
+  void imull(Register dst, Register src);                 // dst = dst * src.
+  void imull(Register dst, const Operand& src);           // dst = dst * src.
+  void imull(Register dst, Register src, Immediate imm);  // dst = src * imm.
+
+  void incq(Register dst);
+  void incq(const Operand& dst);
+  void incl(Register dst);
+  void incl(const Operand& dst);
+
+  void lea(Register dst, const Operand& src);
+  void leal(Register dst, const Operand& src);
+
+  // Multiply rax by src, put the result in rdx:rax.
+  void mul(Register src);
+
+  void neg(Register dst);
+  void neg(const Operand& dst);
+  void negl(Register dst);
+
+  void not_(Register dst);
+  void not_(const Operand& dst);
+  void notl(Register dst);
+
+  void or_(Register dst, Register src) {
+    arithmetic_op(0x0B, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void orl(Register dst, Register src) {
+    arithmetic_op_32(0x0B, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void or_(Register dst, const Operand& src) {
+    arithmetic_op(0x0B, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void orl(Register dst, const Operand& src) {
+    arithmetic_op_32(0x0B, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void or_(const Operand& dst, Register src) {
+    arithmetic_op(0x09, src, dst);
+  }
+
+  void or_(Register dst, Immediate src) {
+    immediate_arithmetic_op(0x1, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void orl(Register dst, Immediate src) {
+    immediate_arithmetic_op_32(0x1, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void or_(const Operand& dst, Immediate src) {
+    immediate_arithmetic_op(0x1, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void orl(const Operand& dst, Immediate src) {
+    immediate_arithmetic_op_32(0x1, dst, src);
+  }
+
+
+  void rcl(Register dst, Immediate imm8) {
+    shift(dst, imm8, 0x2);
+  }
+
+  void rol(Register dst, Immediate imm8) {
+    shift(dst, imm8, 0x0);
+  }
+
+  void rcr(Register dst, Immediate imm8) {
+    shift(dst, imm8, 0x3);
+  }
+
+  void ror(Register dst, Immediate imm8) {
+    shift(dst, imm8, 0x1);
+  }
+
+  // Shifts dst:src left by cl bits, affecting only dst.
+  void shld(Register dst, Register src);
+
+  // Shifts src:dst right by cl bits, affecting only dst.
+  void shrd(Register dst, Register src);
+
+  // Shifts dst right, duplicating sign bit, by shift_amount bits.
+  // Shifting by 1 is handled efficiently.
+  void sar(Register dst, Immediate shift_amount) {
+    shift(dst, shift_amount, 0x7);
+  }
+
+  // Shifts dst right, duplicating sign bit, by shift_amount bits.
+  // Shifting by 1 is handled efficiently.
+  void sarl(Register dst, Immediate shift_amount) {
+    shift_32(dst, shift_amount, 0x7);
+  }
+
+  // Shifts dst right, duplicating sign bit, by cl % 64 bits.
+  void sar_cl(Register dst) {
+    shift(dst, 0x7);
+  }
+
+  // Shifts dst right, duplicating sign bit, by cl % 64 bits.
+  void sarl_cl(Register dst) {
+    shift_32(dst, 0x7);
+  }
+
+  void shl(Register dst, Immediate shift_amount) {
+    shift(dst, shift_amount, 0x4);
+  }
+
+  void shl_cl(Register dst) {
+    shift(dst, 0x4);
+  }
+
+  void shll_cl(Register dst) {
+    shift_32(dst, 0x4);
+  }
+
+  void shll(Register dst, Immediate shift_amount) {
+    shift_32(dst, shift_amount, 0x4);
+  }
+
+  void shr(Register dst, Immediate shift_amount) {
+    shift(dst, shift_amount, 0x5);
+  }
+
+  void shr_cl(Register dst) {
+    shift(dst, 0x5);
+  }
+
+  void shrl_cl(Register dst) {
+    shift_32(dst, 0x5);
+  }
+
+  void shrl(Register dst, Immediate shift_amount) {
+    shift_32(dst, shift_amount, 0x5);
+  }
+
+  void store_rax(void* dst, RelocInfo::Mode mode);
+  void store_rax(ExternalReference ref);
+
+  void subq(Register dst, Register src) {
+    arithmetic_op(0x2B, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void subq(Register dst, const Operand& src) {
+    arithmetic_op(0x2B, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void subq(const Operand& dst, Register src) {
+    arithmetic_op(0x29, src, dst);
+  }
+
+  void subq(Register dst, Immediate src) {
+    immediate_arithmetic_op(0x5, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void subq(const Operand& dst, Immediate src) {
+    immediate_arithmetic_op(0x5, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void subl(Register dst, Register src) {
+    arithmetic_op_32(0x2B, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void subl(Register dst, const Operand& src) {
+    arithmetic_op_32(0x2B, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void subl(const Operand& dst, Immediate src) {
+    immediate_arithmetic_op_32(0x5, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void subl(Register dst, Immediate src) {
+    immediate_arithmetic_op_32(0x5, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void subb(Register dst, Immediate src) {
+    immediate_arithmetic_op_8(0x5, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void testb(Register dst, Register src);
+  void testb(Register reg, Immediate mask);
+  void testb(const Operand& op, Immediate mask);
+  void testb(const Operand& op, Register reg);
+  void testl(Register dst, Register src);
+  void testl(Register reg, Immediate mask);
+  void testl(const Operand& op, Immediate mask);
+  void testq(const Operand& op, Register reg);
+  void testq(Register dst, Register src);
+  void testq(Register dst, Immediate mask);
+
+  void xor_(Register dst, Register src) {
+    if (dst.code() == src.code()) {
+      arithmetic_op_32(0x33, dst, src);
+    } else {
+      arithmetic_op(0x33, dst, src);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void xorl(Register dst, Register src) {
+    arithmetic_op_32(0x33, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void xorl(Register dst, const Operand& src) {
+    arithmetic_op_32(0x33, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void xorl(Register dst, Immediate src) {
+    immediate_arithmetic_op_32(0x6, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void xorl(const Operand& dst, Immediate src) {
+    immediate_arithmetic_op_32(0x6, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void xor_(Register dst, const Operand& src) {
+    arithmetic_op(0x33, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void xor_(const Operand& dst, Register src) {
+    arithmetic_op(0x31, src, dst);
+  }
+
+  void xor_(Register dst, Immediate src) {
+    immediate_arithmetic_op(0x6, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  void xor_(const Operand& dst, Immediate src) {
+    immediate_arithmetic_op(0x6, dst, src);
+  }
+
+  // Bit operations.
+  void bt(const Operand& dst, Register src);
+  void bts(const Operand& dst, Register src);
+
+  // Miscellaneous
+  void clc();
+  void cld();
+  void cpuid();
+  void hlt();
+  void int3();
+  void nop();
+  void nop(int n);
+  void rdtsc();
+  void ret(int imm16);
+  void setcc(Condition cc, Register reg);
+
+  // Label operations & relative jumps (PPUM Appendix D)
+  //
+  // Takes a branch opcode (cc) and a label (L) and generates
+  // either a backward branch or a forward branch and links it
+  // to the label fixup chain. Usage:
+  //
+  // Label L;    // unbound label
+  // j(cc, &L);  // forward branch to unbound label
+  // bind(&L);   // bind label to the current pc
+  // j(cc, &L);  // backward branch to bound label
+  // bind(&L);   // illegal: a label may be bound only once
+  //
+  // Note: The same Label can be used for forward and backward branches
+  // but it may be bound only once.
+
+  void bind(Label* L);  // binds an unbound label L to the current code position
+
+  // Calls
+  // Call near relative 32-bit displacement, relative to next instruction.
+  void call(Label* L);
+  void call(Handle<Code> target,
+            RelocInfo::Mode rmode,
+            unsigned ast_id = kNoASTId);
+
+  // Calls directly to the given address using a relative offset.
+  // Should only ever be used in Code objects for calls within the
+  // same Code object. Should not be used when generating new code (use labels),
+  // but only when patching existing code.
+  void call(Address target);
+
+  // Call near absolute indirect, address in register
+  void call(Register adr);
+
+  // Call near indirect
+  void call(const Operand& operand);
+
+  // Jumps
+  // Jump short or near relative.
+  // Use a 32-bit signed displacement.
+  // Unconditional jump to L
+  void jmp(Label* L, Label::Distance distance = Label::kFar);
+  void jmp(Handle<Code> target, RelocInfo::Mode rmode);
+
+  // Jump near absolute indirect (r64)
+  void jmp(Register adr);
+
+  // Jump near absolute indirect (m64)
+  void jmp(const Operand& src);
+
+  // Conditional jumps
+  void j(Condition cc,
+         Label* L,
+         Label::Distance distance = Label::kFar);
+  void j(Condition cc, Handle<Code> target, RelocInfo::Mode rmode);
+
+  // Floating-point operations
+  void fld(int i);
+
+  void fld1();
+  void fldz();
+  void fldpi();
+  void fldln2();
+
+  void fld_s(const Operand& adr);
+  void fld_d(const Operand& adr);
+
+  void fstp_s(const Operand& adr);
+  void fstp_d(const Operand& adr);
+  void fstp(int index);
+
+  void fild_s(const Operand& adr);
+  void fild_d(const Operand& adr);
+
+  void fist_s(const Operand& adr);
+
+  void fistp_s(const Operand& adr);
+  void fistp_d(const Operand& adr);
+
+  void fisttp_s(const Operand& adr);
+  void fisttp_d(const Operand& adr);
+
+  void fabs();
+  void fchs();
+
+  void fadd(int i);
+  void fsub(int i);
+  void fmul(int i);
+  void fdiv(int i);
+
+  void fisub_s(const Operand& adr);
+
+  void faddp(int i = 1);
+  void fsubp(int i = 1);
+  void fsubrp(int i = 1);
+  void fmulp(int i = 1);
+  void fdivp(int i = 1);
+  void fprem();
+  void fprem1();
+
+  void fxch(int i = 1);
+  void fincstp();
+  void ffree(int i = 0);
+
+  void ftst();
+  void fucomp(int i);
+  void fucompp();
+  void fucomi(int i);
+  void fucomip();
+
+  void fcompp();
+  void fnstsw_ax();
+  void fwait();
+  void fnclex();
+
+  void fsin();
+  void fcos();
+  void fyl2x();
+
+  void frndint();
+
+  void sahf();
+
+  // SSE2 instructions
+  void movd(XMMRegister dst, Register src);
+  void movd(Register dst, XMMRegister src);
+  void movq(XMMRegister dst, Register src);
+  void movq(Register dst, XMMRegister src);
+  void movq(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);
+  void extractps(Register dst, XMMRegister src, byte imm8);
+
+  // Don't use this unless it's important to keep the
+  // top half of the destination register unchanged.
+  // Used movaps when moving double values and movq for integer
+  // values in xmm registers.
+  void movsd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);
+
+  void movsd(const Operand& dst, XMMRegister src);
+  void movsd(XMMRegister dst, const Operand& src);
+
+  void movdqa(const Operand& dst, XMMRegister src);
+  void movdqa(XMMRegister dst, const Operand& src);
+
+  void movapd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);
+  void movaps(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);
+
+  void movss(XMMRegister dst, const Operand& src);
+  void movss(const Operand& dst, XMMRegister src);
+
+  void cvttss2si(Register dst, const Operand& src);
+  void cvttss2si(Register dst, XMMRegister src);
+  void cvttsd2si(Register dst, const Operand& src);
+  void cvttsd2si(Register dst, XMMRegister src);
+  void cvttsd2siq(Register dst, XMMRegister src);
+
+  void cvtlsi2sd(XMMRegister dst, const Operand& src);
+  void cvtlsi2sd(XMMRegister dst, Register src);
+  void cvtqsi2sd(XMMRegister dst, const Operand& src);
+  void cvtqsi2sd(XMMRegister dst, Register src);
+
+  void cvtlsi2ss(XMMRegister dst, Register src);
+
+  void cvtss2sd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);
+  void cvtss2sd(XMMRegister dst, const Operand& src);
+  void cvtsd2ss(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);
+
+  void cvtsd2si(Register dst, XMMRegister src);
+  void cvtsd2siq(Register dst, XMMRegister src);
+
+  void addsd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);
+  void subsd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);
+  void mulsd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);
+  void divsd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);
+
+  void andpd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);
+  void orpd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);
+  void xorpd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);
+  void xorps(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);
+  void sqrtsd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);
+
+  void ucomisd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);
+  void ucomisd(XMMRegister dst, const Operand& src);
+
+  enum RoundingMode {
+    kRoundToNearest = 0x0,
+    kRoundDown      = 0x1,
+    kRoundUp        = 0x2,
+    kRoundToZero    = 0x3
+  };
+
+  void roundsd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src, RoundingMode mode);
+
+  void movmskpd(Register dst, XMMRegister src);
+
+  // The first argument is the reg field, the second argument is the r/m field.
+  void emit_sse_operand(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src);
+  void emit_sse_operand(XMMRegister reg, const Operand& adr);
+  void emit_sse_operand(XMMRegister dst, Register src);
+  void emit_sse_operand(Register dst, XMMRegister src);
+
+  // Debugging
+  void Print();
+
+  // Check the code size generated from label to here.
+  int SizeOfCodeGeneratedSince(Label* l) { return pc_offset() - l->pos(); }
+
+  // Mark address of the ExitJSFrame code.
+  void RecordJSReturn();
+
+  // Mark address of a debug break slot.
+  void RecordDebugBreakSlot();
+
+  // Record a comment relocation entry that can be used by a disassembler.
+  // Use --code-comments to enable.
+  void RecordComment(const char* msg, bool force = false);
+
+  // Writes a single word of data in the code stream.
+  // Used for inline tables, e.g., jump-tables.
+  void db(uint8_t data);
+  void dd(uint32_t data);
+
+  int pc_offset() const { return static_cast<int>(pc_ - buffer_); }
+
+  PositionsRecorder* positions_recorder() { return &positions_recorder_; }
+
+  // Check if there is less than kGap bytes available in the buffer.
+  // If this is the case, we need to grow the buffer before emitting
+  // an instruction or relocation information.
+  inline bool buffer_overflow() const {
+    return pc_ >= reloc_info_writer.pos() - kGap;
+  }
+
+  // Get the number of bytes available in the buffer.
+  inline int available_space() const {
+    return static_cast<int>(reloc_info_writer.pos() - pc_);
+  }
+
+  static bool IsNop(Address addr) { return *addr == 0x90; }
+
+  // Avoid overflows for displacements etc.
+  static const int kMaximalBufferSize = 512*MB;
+  static const int kMinimalBufferSize = 4*KB;
+
+ protected:
+  bool emit_debug_code() const { return emit_debug_code_; }
+
+ private:
+  byte* addr_at(int pos)  { return buffer_ + pos; }
+  byte byte_at(int pos)  { return buffer_[pos]; }
+  void set_byte_at(int pos, byte value) { buffer_[pos] = value; }
+  uint32_t long_at(int pos)  {
+    return *reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(addr_at(pos));
+  }
+  void long_at_put(int pos, uint32_t x)  {
+    *reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(addr_at(pos)) = x;
+  }
+
+  // code emission
+  void GrowBuffer();
+
+  void emit(byte x) { *pc_++ = x; }
+  inline void emitl(uint32_t x);
+  inline void emitq(uint64_t x, RelocInfo::Mode rmode);
+  inline void emitw(uint16_t x);
+  inline void emit_code_target(Handle<Code> target,
+                               RelocInfo::Mode rmode,
+                               unsigned ast_id = kNoASTId);
+  void emit(Immediate x) { emitl(x.value_); }
+
+  // Emits a REX prefix that encodes a 64-bit operand size and
+  // the top bit of both register codes.
+  // High bit of reg goes to REX.R, high bit of rm_reg goes to REX.B.
+  // REX.W is set.
+  inline void emit_rex_64(XMMRegister reg, Register rm_reg);
+  inline void emit_rex_64(Register reg, XMMRegister rm_reg);
+  inline void emit_rex_64(Register reg, Register rm_reg);
+
+  // Emits a REX prefix that encodes a 64-bit operand size and
+  // the top bit of the destination, index, and base register codes.
+  // The high bit of reg is used for REX.R, the high bit of op's base
+  // register is used for REX.B, and the high bit of op's index register
+  // is used for REX.X.  REX.W is set.
+  inline void emit_rex_64(Register reg, const Operand& op);
+  inline void emit_rex_64(XMMRegister reg, const Operand& op);
+
+  // Emits a REX prefix that encodes a 64-bit operand size and
+  // the top bit of the register code.
+  // The high bit of register is used for REX.B.
+  // REX.W is set and REX.R and REX.X are clear.
+  inline void emit_rex_64(Register rm_reg);
+
+  // Emits a REX prefix that encodes a 64-bit operand size and
+  // the top bit of the index and base register codes.
+  // The high bit of op's base register is used for REX.B, and the high
+  // bit of op's index register is used for REX.X.
+  // REX.W is set and REX.R clear.
+  inline void emit_rex_64(const Operand& op);
+
+  // Emit a REX prefix that only sets REX.W to choose a 64-bit operand size.
+  void emit_rex_64() { emit(0x48); }
+
+  // High bit of reg goes to REX.R, high bit of rm_reg goes to REX.B.
+  // REX.W is clear.
+  inline void emit_rex_32(Register reg, Register rm_reg);
+
+  // The high bit of reg is used for REX.R, the high bit of op's base
+  // register is used for REX.B, and the high bit of op's index register
+  // is used for REX.X.  REX.W is cleared.
+  inline void emit_rex_32(Register reg, const Operand& op);
+
+  // High bit of rm_reg goes to REX.B.
+  // REX.W, REX.R and REX.X are clear.
+  inline void emit_rex_32(Register rm_reg);
+
+  // High bit of base goes to REX.B and high bit of index to REX.X.
+  // REX.W and REX.R are clear.
+  inline void emit_rex_32(const Operand& op);
+
+  // High bit of reg goes to REX.R, high bit of rm_reg goes to REX.B.
+  // REX.W is cleared.  If no REX bits are set, no byte is emitted.
+  inline void emit_optional_rex_32(Register reg, Register rm_reg);
+
+  // The high bit of reg is used for REX.R, the high bit of op's base
+  // register is used for REX.B, and the high bit of op's index register
+  // is used for REX.X.  REX.W is cleared.  If no REX bits are set, nothing
+  // is emitted.
+  inline void emit_optional_rex_32(Register reg, const Operand& op);
+
+  // As for emit_optional_rex_32(Register, Register), except that
+  // the registers are XMM registers.
+  inline void emit_optional_rex_32(XMMRegister reg, XMMRegister base);
+
+  // As for emit_optional_rex_32(Register, Register), except that
+  // one of the registers is an XMM registers.
+  inline void emit_optional_rex_32(XMMRegister reg, Register base);
+
+  // As for emit_optional_rex_32(Register, Register), except that
+  // one of the registers is an XMM registers.
+  inline void emit_optional_rex_32(Register reg, XMMRegister base);
+
+  // As for emit_optional_rex_32(Register, const Operand&), except that
+  // the register is an XMM register.
+  inline void emit_optional_rex_32(XMMRegister reg, const Operand& op);
+
+  // Optionally do as emit_rex_32(Register) if the register number has
+  // the high bit set.
+  inline void emit_optional_rex_32(Register rm_reg);
+
+  // Optionally do as emit_rex_32(const Operand&) if the operand register
+  // numbers have a high bit set.
+  inline void emit_optional_rex_32(const Operand& op);
+
+
+  // Emit the ModR/M byte, and optionally the SIB byte and
+  // 1- or 4-byte offset for a memory operand.  Also encodes
+  // the second operand of the operation, a register or operation
+  // subcode, into the reg field of the ModR/M byte.
+  void emit_operand(Register reg, const Operand& adr) {
+    emit_operand(reg.low_bits(), adr);
+  }
+
+  // Emit the ModR/M byte, and optionally the SIB byte and
+  // 1- or 4-byte offset for a memory operand.  Also used to encode
+  // a three-bit opcode extension into the ModR/M byte.
+  void emit_operand(int rm, const Operand& adr);
+
+  // Emit a ModR/M byte with registers coded in the reg and rm_reg fields.
+  void emit_modrm(Register reg, Register rm_reg) {
+    emit(0xC0 | reg.low_bits() << 3 | rm_reg.low_bits());
+  }
+
+  // Emit a ModR/M byte with an operation subcode in the reg field and
+  // a register in the rm_reg field.
+  void emit_modrm(int code, Register rm_reg) {
+    ASSERT(is_uint3(code));
+    emit(0xC0 | code << 3 | rm_reg.low_bits());
+  }
+
+  // Emit the code-object-relative offset of the label's position
+  inline void emit_code_relative_offset(Label* label);
+
+  // Emit machine code for one of the operations ADD, ADC, SUB, SBC,
+  // AND, OR, XOR, or CMP.  The encodings of these operations are all
+  // similar, differing just in the opcode or in the reg field of the
+  // ModR/M byte.
+  void arithmetic_op_16(byte opcode, Register reg, Register rm_reg);
+  void arithmetic_op_16(byte opcode, Register reg, const Operand& rm_reg);
+  void arithmetic_op_32(byte opcode, Register reg, Register rm_reg);
+  void arithmetic_op_32(byte opcode, Register reg, const Operand& rm_reg);
+  void arithmetic_op(byte opcode, Register reg, Register rm_reg);
+  void arithmetic_op(byte opcode, Register reg, const Operand& rm_reg);
+  void immediate_arithmetic_op(byte subcode, Register dst, Immediate src);
+  void immediate_arithmetic_op(byte subcode, const Operand& dst, Immediate src);
+  // Operate on a byte in memory or register.
+  void immediate_arithmetic_op_8(byte subcode,
+                                 Register dst,
+                                 Immediate src);
+  void immediate_arithmetic_op_8(byte subcode,
+                                 const Operand& dst,
+                                 Immediate src);
+  // Operate on a word in memory or register.
+  void immediate_arithmetic_op_16(byte subcode,
+                                  Register dst,
+                                  Immediate src);
+  void immediate_arithmetic_op_16(byte subcode,
+                                  const Operand& dst,
+                                  Immediate src);
+  // Operate on a 32-bit word in memory or register.
+  void immediate_arithmetic_op_32(byte subcode,
+                                  Register dst,
+                                  Immediate src);
+  void immediate_arithmetic_op_32(byte subcode,
+                                  const Operand& dst,
+                                  Immediate src);
+
+  // Emit machine code for a shift operation.
+  void shift(Register dst, Immediate shift_amount, int subcode);
+  void shift_32(Register dst, Immediate shift_amount, int subcode);
+  // Shift dst by cl % 64 bits.
+  void shift(Register dst, int subcode);
+  void shift_32(Register dst, int subcode);
+
+  void emit_farith(int b1, int b2, int i);
+
+  // labels
+  // void print(Label* L);
+  void bind_to(Label* L, int pos);
+
+  // record reloc info for current pc_
+  void RecordRelocInfo(RelocInfo::Mode rmode, intptr_t data = 0);
+
+  friend class CodePatcher;
+  friend class EnsureSpace;
+  friend class RegExpMacroAssemblerX64;
+
+  // Code buffer:
+  // The buffer into which code and relocation info are generated.
+  byte* buffer_;
+  int buffer_size_;
+  // True if the assembler owns the buffer, false if buffer is external.
+  bool own_buffer_;
+
+  // code generation
+  byte* pc_;  // the program counter; moves forward
+  RelocInfoWriter reloc_info_writer;
+
+  List< Handle<Code> > code_targets_;
+
+  PositionsRecorder positions_recorder_;
+
+  bool emit_debug_code_;
+
+  friend class PositionsRecorder;
+};
+
+
+// Helper class that ensures that there is enough space for generating
+// instructions and relocation information.  The constructor makes
+// sure that there is enough space and (in debug mode) the destructor
+// checks that we did not generate too much.
+class EnsureSpace BASE_EMBEDDED {
+ public:
+  explicit EnsureSpace(Assembler* assembler) : assembler_(assembler) {
+    if (assembler_->buffer_overflow()) assembler_->GrowBuffer();
+#ifdef DEBUG
+    space_before_ = assembler_->available_space();
+#endif
+  }
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+  ~EnsureSpace() {
+    int bytes_generated = space_before_ - assembler_->available_space();
+    ASSERT(bytes_generated < assembler_->kGap);
+  }
+#endif
+
+ private:
+  Assembler* assembler_;
+#ifdef DEBUG
+  int space_before_;
+#endif
+};
+
+} }  // namespace v8::internal
+
+#endif  // V8_X64_ASSEMBLER_X64_H_