ires 0.1.3 → 0.1.4

data/ext/vendor/golang.org/x/net/http2/transport.go

@@ -0,0 +1,2285 @@
+// Copyright 2015 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// Transport code.
+
+package http2
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
+	"compress/gzip"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"log"
+	"math"
+	mathrand "math/rand"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"sort"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"golang.org/x/net/http2/hpack"
+	"golang.org/x/net/idna"
+	"golang.org/x/net/lex/httplex"
+)
+
+const (
+	// transportDefaultConnFlow is how many connection-level flow control
+	// tokens we give the server at start-up, past the default 64k.
+	transportDefaultConnFlow = 1 << 30
+
+	// transportDefaultStreamFlow is how many stream-level flow
+	// control tokens we announce to the peer, and how many bytes
+	// we buffer per stream.
+	transportDefaultStreamFlow = 4 << 20
+
+	// transportDefaultStreamMinRefresh is the minimum number of bytes we'll send
+	// a stream-level WINDOW_UPDATE for at a time.
+	transportDefaultStreamMinRefresh = 4 << 10
+
+	defaultUserAgent = "Go-http-client/2.0"
+)
+
+// Transport is an HTTP/2 Transport.
+//
+// A Transport internally caches connections to servers. It is safe
+// for concurrent use by multiple goroutines.
+type Transport struct {
+	// DialTLS specifies an optional dial function for creating
+	// TLS connections for requests.
+	//
+	// If DialTLS is nil, tls.Dial is used.
+	//
+	// If the returned net.Conn has a ConnectionState method like tls.Conn,
+	// it will be used to set http.Response.TLS.
+	DialTLS func(network, addr string, cfg *tls.Config) (net.Conn, error)
+
+	// TLSClientConfig specifies the TLS configuration to use with
+	// tls.Client. If nil, the default configuration is used.
+	TLSClientConfig *tls.Config
+
+	// ConnPool optionally specifies an alternate connection pool to use.
+	// If nil, the default is used.
+	ConnPool ClientConnPool
+
+	// DisableCompression, if true, prevents the Transport from
+	// requesting compression with an "Accept-Encoding: gzip"
+	// request header when the Request contains no existing
+	// Accept-Encoding value. If the Transport requests gzip on
+	// its own and gets a gzipped response, it's transparently
+	// decoded in the Response.Body. However, if the user
+	// explicitly requested gzip it is not automatically
+	// uncompressed.
+	DisableCompression bool
+
+	// AllowHTTP, if true, permits HTTP/2 requests using the insecure,
+	// plain-text "http" scheme. Note that this does not enable h2c support.
+	AllowHTTP bool
+
+	// MaxHeaderListSize is the http2 SETTINGS_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE to
+	// send in the initial settings frame. It is how many bytes
+	// of response headers are allowed. Unlike the http2 spec, zero here
+	// means to use a default limit (currently 10MB). If you actually
+	// want to advertise an ulimited value to the peer, Transport
+	// interprets the highest possible value here (0xffffffff or 1<<32-1)
+	// to mean no limit.
+	MaxHeaderListSize uint32
+
+	// t1, if non-nil, is the standard library Transport using
+	// this transport. Its settings are used (but not its
+	// RoundTrip method, etc).
+	t1 *http.Transport
+
+	connPoolOnce  sync.Once
+	connPoolOrDef ClientConnPool // non-nil version of ConnPool
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) maxHeaderListSize() uint32 {
+	if t.MaxHeaderListSize == 0 {
+		return 10 << 20
+	}
+	if t.MaxHeaderListSize == 0xffffffff {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return t.MaxHeaderListSize
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) disableCompression() bool {
+	return t.DisableCompression || (t.t1 != nil && t.t1.DisableCompression)
+}
+
+var errTransportVersion = errors.New("http2: ConfigureTransport is only supported starting at Go 1.6")
+
+// ConfigureTransport configures a net/http HTTP/1 Transport to use HTTP/2.
+// It requires Go 1.6 or later and returns an error if the net/http package is too old
+// or if t1 has already been HTTP/2-enabled.
+func ConfigureTransport(t1 *http.Transport) error {
+	_, err := configureTransport(t1) // in configure_transport.go (go1.6) or not_go16.go
+	return err
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) connPool() ClientConnPool {
+	t.connPoolOnce.Do(t.initConnPool)
+	return t.connPoolOrDef
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) initConnPool() {
+	if t.ConnPool != nil {
+		t.connPoolOrDef = t.ConnPool
+	} else {
+		t.connPoolOrDef = &clientConnPool{t: t}
+	}
+}
+
+// ClientConn is the state of a single HTTP/2 client connection to an
+// HTTP/2 server.
+type ClientConn struct {
+	t         *Transport
+	tconn     net.Conn             // usually *tls.Conn, except specialized impls
+	tlsState  *tls.ConnectionState // nil only for specialized impls
+	singleUse bool                 // whether being used for a single http.Request
+
+	// readLoop goroutine fields:
+	readerDone chan struct{} // closed on error
+	readerErr  error         // set before readerDone is closed
+
+	idleTimeout time.Duration // or 0 for never
+	idleTimer   *time.Timer
+
+	mu              sync.Mutex // guards following
+	cond            *sync.Cond // hold mu; broadcast on flow/closed changes
+	flow            flow       // our conn-level flow control quota (cs.flow is per stream)
+	inflow          flow       // peer's conn-level flow control
+	closed          bool
+	wantSettingsAck bool                     // we sent a SETTINGS frame and haven't heard back
+	goAway          *GoAwayFrame             // if non-nil, the GoAwayFrame we received
+	goAwayDebug     string                   // goAway frame's debug data, retained as a string
+	streams         map[uint32]*clientStream // client-initiated
+	nextStreamID    uint32
+	pendingRequests int                       // requests blocked and waiting to be sent because len(streams) == maxConcurrentStreams
+	pings           map[[8]byte]chan struct{} // in flight ping data to notification channel
+	bw              *bufio.Writer
+	br              *bufio.Reader
+	fr              *Framer
+	lastActive      time.Time
+	// Settings from peer: (also guarded by mu)
+	maxFrameSize          uint32
+	maxConcurrentStreams  uint32
+	peerMaxHeaderListSize uint64
+	initialWindowSize     uint32
+
+	hbuf    bytes.Buffer // HPACK encoder writes into this
+	henc    *hpack.Encoder
+	freeBuf [][]byte
+
+	wmu  sync.Mutex // held while writing; acquire AFTER mu if holding both
+	werr error      // first write error that has occurred
+}
+
+// clientStream is the state for a single HTTP/2 stream. One of these
+// is created for each Transport.RoundTrip call.
+type clientStream struct {
+	cc            *ClientConn
+	req           *http.Request
+	trace         *clientTrace // or nil
+	ID            uint32
+	resc          chan resAndError
+	bufPipe       pipe // buffered pipe with the flow-controlled response payload
+	startedWrite  bool // started request body write; guarded by cc.mu
+	requestedGzip bool
+	on100         func() // optional code to run if get a 100 continue response
+
+	flow        flow  // guarded by cc.mu
+	inflow      flow  // guarded by cc.mu
+	bytesRemain int64 // -1 means unknown; owned by transportResponseBody.Read
+	readErr     error // sticky read error; owned by transportResponseBody.Read
+	stopReqBody error // if non-nil, stop writing req body; guarded by cc.mu
+	didReset    bool  // whether we sent a RST_STREAM to the server; guarded by cc.mu
+
+	peerReset chan struct{} // closed on peer reset
+	resetErr  error         // populated before peerReset is closed
+
+	done chan struct{} // closed when stream remove from cc.streams map; close calls guarded by cc.mu
+
+	// owned by clientConnReadLoop:
+	firstByte    bool // got the first response byte
+	pastHeaders  bool // got first MetaHeadersFrame (actual headers)
+	pastTrailers bool // got optional second MetaHeadersFrame (trailers)
+
+	trailer    http.Header  // accumulated trailers
+	resTrailer *http.Header // client's Response.Trailer
+}
+
+// awaitRequestCancel waits for the user to cancel a request or for the done
+// channel to be signaled. A non-nil error is returned only if the request was
+// canceled.
+func awaitRequestCancel(req *http.Request, done <-chan struct{}) error {
+	ctx := reqContext(req)
+	if req.Cancel == nil && ctx.Done() == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	select {
+	case <-req.Cancel:
+		return errRequestCanceled
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return ctx.Err()
+	case <-done:
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// awaitRequestCancel waits for the user to cancel a request, its context to
+// expire, or for the request to be done (any way it might be removed from the
+// cc.streams map: peer reset, successful completion, TCP connection breakage,
+// etc). If the request is canceled, then cs will be canceled and closed.
+func (cs *clientStream) awaitRequestCancel(req *http.Request) {
+	if err := awaitRequestCancel(req, cs.done); err != nil {
+		cs.cancelStream()
+		cs.bufPipe.CloseWithError(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func (cs *clientStream) cancelStream() {
+	cc := cs.cc
+	cc.mu.Lock()
+	didReset := cs.didReset
+	cs.didReset = true
+	cc.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if !didReset {
+		cc.writeStreamReset(cs.ID, ErrCodeCancel, nil)
+		cc.forgetStreamID(cs.ID)
+	}
+}
+
+// checkResetOrDone reports any error sent in a RST_STREAM frame by the
+// server, or errStreamClosed if the stream is complete.
+func (cs *clientStream) checkResetOrDone() error {
+	select {
+	case <-cs.peerReset:
+		return cs.resetErr
+	case <-cs.done:
+		return errStreamClosed
+	default:
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (cs *clientStream) abortRequestBodyWrite(err error) {
+	if err == nil {
+		panic("nil error")
+	}
+	cc := cs.cc
+	cc.mu.Lock()
+	cs.stopReqBody = err
+	cc.cond.Broadcast()
+	cc.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+type stickyErrWriter struct {
+	w   io.Writer
+	err *error
+}
+
+func (sew stickyErrWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	if *sew.err != nil {
+		return 0, *sew.err
+	}
+	n, err = sew.w.Write(p)
+	*sew.err = err
+	return
+}
+
+var ErrNoCachedConn = errors.New("http2: no cached connection was available")
+
+// RoundTripOpt are options for the Transport.RoundTripOpt method.
+type RoundTripOpt struct {
+	// OnlyCachedConn controls whether RoundTripOpt may
+	// create a new TCP connection. If set true and
+	// no cached connection is available, RoundTripOpt
+	// will return ErrNoCachedConn.
+	OnlyCachedConn bool
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) RoundTrip(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	return t.RoundTripOpt(req, RoundTripOpt{})
+}
+
+// authorityAddr returns a given authority (a host/IP, or host:port / ip:port)
+// and returns a host:port. The port 443 is added if needed.
+func authorityAddr(scheme string, authority string) (addr string) {
+	host, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(authority)
+	if err != nil { // authority didn't have a port
+		port = "443"
+		if scheme == "http" {
+			port = "80"
+		}
+		host = authority
+	}
+	if a, err := idna.ToASCII(host); err == nil {
+		host = a
+	}
+	// IPv6 address literal, without a port:
+	if strings.HasPrefix(host, "[") && strings.HasSuffix(host, "]") {
+		return host + ":" + port
+	}
+	return net.JoinHostPort(host, port)
+}
+
+// RoundTripOpt is like RoundTrip, but takes options.
+func (t *Transport) RoundTripOpt(req *http.Request, opt RoundTripOpt) (*http.Response, error) {
+	if !(req.URL.Scheme == "https" || (req.URL.Scheme == "http" && t.AllowHTTP)) {
+		return nil, errors.New("http2: unsupported scheme")
+	}
+
+	addr := authorityAddr(req.URL.Scheme, req.URL.Host)
+	for retry := 0; ; retry++ {
+		cc, err := t.connPool().GetClientConn(req, addr)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.vlogf("http2: Transport failed to get client conn for %s: %v", addr, err)
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		traceGotConn(req, cc)
+		res, err := cc.RoundTrip(req)
+		if err != nil && retry <= 6 {
+			afterBodyWrite := false
+			if e, ok := err.(afterReqBodyWriteError); ok {
+				err = e
+				afterBodyWrite = true
+			}
+			if req, err = shouldRetryRequest(req, err, afterBodyWrite); err == nil {
+				// After the first retry, do exponential backoff with 10% jitter.
+				if retry == 0 {
+					continue
+				}
+				backoff := float64(uint(1) << (uint(retry) - 1))
+				backoff += backoff * (0.1 * mathrand.Float64())
+				select {
+				case <-time.After(time.Second * time.Duration(backoff)):
+					continue
+				case <-reqContext(req).Done():
+					return nil, reqContext(req).Err()
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			t.vlogf("RoundTrip failure: %v", err)
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return res, nil
+	}
+}
+
+// CloseIdleConnections closes any connections which were previously
+// connected from previous requests but are now sitting idle.
+// It does not interrupt any connections currently in use.
+func (t *Transport) CloseIdleConnections() {
+	if cp, ok := t.connPool().(clientConnPoolIdleCloser); ok {
+		cp.closeIdleConnections()
+	}
+}
+
+var (
+	errClientConnClosed    = errors.New("http2: client conn is closed")
+	errClientConnUnusable  = errors.New("http2: client conn not usable")
+	errClientConnGotGoAway = errors.New("http2: Transport received Server's graceful shutdown GOAWAY")
+)
+
+// afterReqBodyWriteError is a wrapper around errors returned by ClientConn.RoundTrip.
+// It is used to signal that err happened after part of Request.Body was sent to the server.
+type afterReqBodyWriteError struct {
+	err error
+}
+
+func (e afterReqBodyWriteError) Error() string {
+	return e.err.Error() + "; some request body already written"
+}
+
+// shouldRetryRequest is called by RoundTrip when a request fails to get
+// response headers. It is always called with a non-nil error.
+// It returns either a request to retry (either the same request, or a
+// modified clone), or an error if the request can't be replayed.
+func shouldRetryRequest(req *http.Request, err error, afterBodyWrite bool) (*http.Request, error) {
+	if !canRetryError(err) {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if !afterBodyWrite {
+		return req, nil
+	}
+	// If the Body is nil (or http.NoBody), it's safe to reuse
+	// this request and its Body.
+	if req.Body == nil || reqBodyIsNoBody(req.Body) {
+		return req, nil
+	}
+	// Otherwise we depend on the Request having its GetBody
+	// func defined.
+	getBody := reqGetBody(req) // Go 1.8: getBody = req.GetBody
+	if getBody == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("http2: Transport: cannot retry err [%v] after Request.Body was written; define Request.GetBody to avoid this error", err)
+	}
+	body, err := getBody()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	newReq := *req
+	newReq.Body = body
+	return &newReq, nil
+}
+
+func canRetryError(err error) bool {
+	if err == errClientConnUnusable || err == errClientConnGotGoAway {
+		return true
+	}
+	if se, ok := err.(StreamError); ok {
+		return se.Code == ErrCodeRefusedStream
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) dialClientConn(addr string, singleUse bool) (*ClientConn, error) {
+	host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(addr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	tconn, err := t.dialTLS()("tcp", addr, t.newTLSConfig(host))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return t.newClientConn(tconn, singleUse)
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) newTLSConfig(host string) *tls.Config {
+	cfg := new(tls.Config)
+	if t.TLSClientConfig != nil {
+		*cfg = *cloneTLSConfig(t.TLSClientConfig)
+	}
+	if !strSliceContains(cfg.NextProtos, NextProtoTLS) {
+		cfg.NextProtos = append([]string{NextProtoTLS}, cfg.NextProtos...)
+	}
+	if cfg.ServerName == "" {
+		cfg.ServerName = host
+	}
+	return cfg
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) dialTLS() func(string, string, *tls.Config) (net.Conn, error) {
+	if t.DialTLS != nil {
+		return t.DialTLS
+	}
+	return t.dialTLSDefault
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) dialTLSDefault(network, addr string, cfg *tls.Config) (net.Conn, error) {
+	cn, err := tls.Dial(network, addr, cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := cn.Handshake(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if !cfg.InsecureSkipVerify {
+		if err := cn.VerifyHostname(cfg.ServerName); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	state := cn.ConnectionState()
+	if p := state.NegotiatedProtocol; p != NextProtoTLS {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("http2: unexpected ALPN protocol %q; want %q", p, NextProtoTLS)
+	}
+	if !state.NegotiatedProtocolIsMutual {
+		return nil, errors.New("http2: could not negotiate protocol mutually")
+	}
+	return cn, nil
+}
+
+// disableKeepAlives reports whether connections should be closed as
+// soon as possible after handling the first request.
+func (t *Transport) disableKeepAlives() bool {
+	return t.t1 != nil && t.t1.DisableKeepAlives
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) expectContinueTimeout() time.Duration {
+	if t.t1 == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return transportExpectContinueTimeout(t.t1)
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) NewClientConn(c net.Conn) (*ClientConn, error) {
+	return t.newClientConn(c, false)
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) newClientConn(c net.Conn, singleUse bool) (*ClientConn, error) {
+	cc := &ClientConn{
+		t:                     t,
+		tconn:                 c,
+		readerDone:            make(chan struct{}),
+		nextStreamID:          1,
+		maxFrameSize:          16 << 10,           // spec default
+		initialWindowSize:     65535,              // spec default
+		maxConcurrentStreams:  1000,               // "infinite", per spec. 1000 seems good enough.
+		peerMaxHeaderListSize: 0xffffffffffffffff, // "infinite", per spec. Use 2^64-1 instead.
+		streams:               make(map[uint32]*clientStream),
+		singleUse:             singleUse,
+		wantSettingsAck:       true,
+		pings:                 make(map[[8]byte]chan struct{}),
+	}
+	if d := t.idleConnTimeout(); d != 0 {
+		cc.idleTimeout = d
+		cc.idleTimer = time.AfterFunc(d, cc.onIdleTimeout)
+	}
+	if VerboseLogs {
+		t.vlogf("http2: Transport creating client conn %p to %v", cc, c.RemoteAddr())
+	}
+
+	cc.cond = sync.NewCond(&cc.mu)
+	cc.flow.add(int32(initialWindowSize))
+
+	// TODO: adjust this writer size to account for frame size +
+	// MTU + crypto/tls record padding.
+	cc.bw = bufio.NewWriter(stickyErrWriter{c, &cc.werr})
+	cc.br = bufio.NewReader(c)
+	cc.fr = NewFramer(cc.bw, cc.br)
+	cc.fr.ReadMetaHeaders = hpack.NewDecoder(initialHeaderTableSize, nil)
+	cc.fr.MaxHeaderListSize = t.maxHeaderListSize()
+
+	// TODO: SetMaxDynamicTableSize, SetMaxDynamicTableSizeLimit on
+	// henc in response to SETTINGS frames?
+	cc.henc = hpack.NewEncoder(&cc.hbuf)
+
+	if cs, ok := c.(connectionStater); ok {
+		state := cs.ConnectionState()
+		cc.tlsState = &state
+	}
+
+	initialSettings := []Setting{
+		{ID: SettingEnablePush, Val: 0},
+		{ID: SettingInitialWindowSize, Val: transportDefaultStreamFlow},
+	}
+	if max := t.maxHeaderListSize(); max != 0 {
+		initialSettings = append(initialSettings, Setting{ID: SettingMaxHeaderListSize, Val: max})
+	}
+
+	cc.bw.Write(clientPreface)
+	cc.fr.WriteSettings(initialSettings...)
+	cc.fr.WriteWindowUpdate(0, transportDefaultConnFlow)
+	cc.inflow.add(transportDefaultConnFlow + initialWindowSize)
+	cc.bw.Flush()
+	if cc.werr != nil {
+		return nil, cc.werr
+	}
+
+	go cc.readLoop()
+	return cc, nil
+}
+
+func (cc *ClientConn) setGoAway(f *GoAwayFrame) {
+	cc.mu.Lock()
+	defer cc.mu.Unlock()
+
+	old := cc.goAway
+	cc.goAway = f
+
+	// Merge the previous and current GoAway error frames.
+	if cc.goAwayDebug == "" {
+		cc.goAwayDebug = string(f.DebugData())
+	}
+	if old != nil && old.ErrCode != ErrCodeNo {
+		cc.goAway.ErrCode = old.ErrCode
+	}
+	last := f.LastStreamID
+	for streamID, cs := range cc.streams {
+		if streamID > last {
+			select {
+			case cs.resc <- resAndError{err: errClientConnGotGoAway}:
+			default:
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// CanTakeNewRequest reports whether the connection can take a new request,
+// meaning it has not been closed or received or sent a GOAWAY.
+func (cc *ClientConn) CanTakeNewRequest() bool {
+	cc.mu.Lock()
+	defer cc.mu.Unlock()
+	return cc.canTakeNewRequestLocked()
+}
+
+func (cc *ClientConn) canTakeNewRequestLocked() bool {
+	if cc.singleUse && cc.nextStreamID > 1 {
+		return false
+	}
+	return cc.goAway == nil && !cc.closed &&
+		int64(cc.nextStreamID)+int64(cc.pendingRequests) < math.MaxInt32
+}
+
+// onIdleTimeout is called from a time.AfterFunc goroutine. It will
+// only be called when we're idle, but because we're coming from a new
+// goroutine, there could be a new request coming in at the same time,
+// so this simply calls the synchronized closeIfIdle to shut down this
+// connection. The timer could just call closeIfIdle, but this is more
+// clear.
+func (cc *ClientConn) onIdleTimeout() {
+	cc.closeIfIdle()
+}
+
+func (cc *ClientConn) closeIfIdle() {
+	cc.mu.Lock()
+	if len(cc.streams) > 0 {
+		cc.mu.Unlock()
+		return
+	}
+	cc.closed = true
+	nextID := cc.nextStreamID
+	// TODO: do clients send GOAWAY too? maybe? Just Close:
+	cc.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if VerboseLogs {
+		cc.vlogf("http2: Transport closing idle conn %p (forSingleUse=%v, maxStream=%v)", cc, cc.singleUse, nextID-2)
+	}
+	cc.tconn.Close()
+}
+
+const maxAllocFrameSize = 512 << 10
+
+// frameBuffer returns a scratch buffer suitable for writing DATA frames.
+// They're capped at the min of the peer's max frame size or 512KB
+// (kinda arbitrarily), but definitely capped so we don't allocate 4GB
+// bufers.
+func (cc *ClientConn) frameScratchBuffer() []byte {
+	cc.mu.Lock()
+	size := cc.maxFrameSize
+	if size > maxAllocFrameSize {
+		size = maxAllocFrameSize
+	}
+	for i, buf := range cc.freeBuf {
+		if len(buf) >= int(size) {
+			cc.freeBuf[i] = nil
+			cc.mu.Unlock()
+			return buf[:size]
+		}
+	}
+	cc.mu.Unlock()
+	return make([]byte, size)
+}
+
+func (cc *ClientConn) putFrameScratchBuffer(buf []byte) {
+	cc.mu.Lock()
+	defer cc.mu.Unlock()
+	const maxBufs = 4 // arbitrary; 4 concurrent requests per conn? investigate.
+	if len(cc.freeBuf) < maxBufs {
+		cc.freeBuf = append(cc.freeBuf, buf)
+		return
+	}
+	for i, old := range cc.freeBuf {
+		if old == nil {
+			cc.freeBuf[i] = buf
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	// forget about it.
+}
+
+// errRequestCanceled is a copy of net/http's errRequestCanceled because it's not
+// exported. At least they'll be DeepEqual for h1-vs-h2 comparisons tests.
+var errRequestCanceled = errors.New("net/http: request canceled")
+
+func commaSeparatedTrailers(req *http.Request) (string, error) {
+	keys := make([]string, 0, len(req.Trailer))
+	for k := range req.Trailer {
+		k = http.CanonicalHeaderKey(k)
+		switch k {
+		case "Transfer-Encoding", "Trailer", "Content-Length":
+			return "", &badStringError{"invalid Trailer key", k}
+		}
+		keys = append(keys, k)
+	}
+	if len(keys) > 0 {
+		sort.Strings(keys)
+		return strings.Join(keys, ","), nil
+	}
+	return "", nil
+}
+
+func (cc *ClientConn) responseHeaderTimeout() time.Duration {
+	if cc.t.t1 != nil {
+		return cc.t.t1.ResponseHeaderTimeout
+	}
+	// No way to do this (yet?) with just an http2.Transport. Probably
+	// no need. Request.Cancel this is the new way. We only need to support
+	// this for compatibility with the old http.Transport fields when
+	// we're doing transparent http2.
+	return 0
+}
+
+// checkConnHeaders checks whether req has any invalid connection-level headers.
+// per RFC 7540 section 8.1.2.2: Connection-Specific Header Fields.
+// Certain headers are special-cased as okay but not transmitted later.
+func checkConnHeaders(req *http.Request) error {
+	if v := req.Header.Get("Upgrade"); v != "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("http2: invalid Upgrade request header: %q", req.Header["Upgrade"])
+	}
+	if vv := req.Header["Transfer-Encoding"]; len(vv) > 0 && (len(vv) > 1 || vv[0] != "" && vv[0] != "chunked") {
+		return fmt.Errorf("http2: invalid Transfer-Encoding request header: %q", vv)
+	}
+	if vv := req.Header["Connection"]; len(vv) > 0 && (len(vv) > 1 || vv[0] != "" && vv[0] != "close" && vv[0] != "keep-alive") {
+		return fmt.Errorf("http2: invalid Connection request header: %q", vv)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// actualContentLength returns a sanitized version of
+// req.ContentLength, where 0 actually means zero (not unknown) and -1
+// means unknown.
+func actualContentLength(req *http.Request) int64 {
+	if req.Body == nil || reqBodyIsNoBody(req.Body) {
+		return 0
+	}
+	if req.ContentLength != 0 {
+		return req.ContentLength
+	}
+	return -1
+}
+
+func (cc *ClientConn) RoundTrip(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	if err := checkConnHeaders(req); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if cc.idleTimer != nil {
+		cc.idleTimer.Stop()
+	}
+
+	trailers, err := commaSeparatedTrailers(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	hasTrailers := trailers != ""
+
+	cc.mu.Lock()
+	if err := cc.awaitOpenSlotForRequest(req); err != nil {
+		cc.mu.Unlock()
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	body := req.Body
+	contentLen := actualContentLength(req)
+	hasBody := contentLen != 0
+
+	// TODO(bradfitz): this is a copy of the logic in net/http. Unify somewhere?
+	var requestedGzip bool
+	if !cc.t.disableCompression() &&
+		req.Header.Get("Accept-Encoding") == "" &&
+		req.Header.Get("Range") == "" &&
+		req.Method != "HEAD" {
+		// Request gzip only, not deflate. Deflate is ambiguous and
+		// not as universally supported anyway.
+		// See: http://www.gzip.org/zlib/zlib_faq.html#faq38
+		//
+		// Note that we don't request this for HEAD requests,
+		// due to a bug in nginx:
+		//   http://trac.nginx.org/nginx/ticket/358
+		//   https://golang.org/issue/5522
+		//
+		// We don't request gzip if the request is for a range, since
+		// auto-decoding a portion of a gzipped document will just fail
+		// anyway. See https://golang.org/issue/8923
+		requestedGzip = true
+	}
+
+	// we send: HEADERS{1}, CONTINUATION{0,} + DATA{0,} (DATA is
+	// sent by writeRequestBody below, along with any Trailers,
+	// again in form HEADERS{1}, CONTINUATION{0,})
+	hdrs, err := cc.encodeHeaders(req, requestedGzip, trailers, contentLen)
+	if err != nil {
+		cc.mu.Unlock()
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	cs := cc.newStream()
+	cs.req = req
+	cs.trace = requestTrace(req)
+	cs.requestedGzip = requestedGzip
+	bodyWriter := cc.t.getBodyWriterState(cs, body)
+	cs.on100 = bodyWriter.on100
+
+	cc.wmu.Lock()
+	endStream := !hasBody && !hasTrailers
+	werr := cc.writeHeaders(cs.ID, endStream, hdrs)
+	cc.wmu.Unlock()
+	traceWroteHeaders(cs.trace)
+	cc.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if werr != nil {
+		if hasBody {
+			req.Body.Close() // per RoundTripper contract
+			bodyWriter.cancel()
+		}
+		cc.forgetStreamID(cs.ID)
+		// Don't bother sending a RST_STREAM (our write already failed;
+		// no need to keep writing)
+		traceWroteRequest(cs.trace, werr)
+		return nil, werr
+	}
+
+	var respHeaderTimer <-chan time.Time
+	if hasBody {
+		bodyWriter.scheduleBodyWrite()
+	} else {
+		traceWroteRequest(cs.trace, nil)
+		if d := cc.responseHeaderTimeout(); d != 0 {
+			timer := time.NewTimer(d)
+			defer timer.Stop()
+			respHeaderTimer = timer.C
+		}
+	}
+
+	readLoopResCh := cs.resc
+	bodyWritten := false
+	ctx := reqContext(req)
+
+	handleReadLoopResponse := func(re resAndError) (*http.Response, error) {
+		res := re.res
+		if re.err != nil || res.StatusCode > 299 {
+			// On error or status code 3xx, 4xx, 5xx, etc abort any
+			// ongoing write, assuming that the server doesn't care
+			// about our request body. If the server replied with 1xx or
+			// 2xx, however, then assume the server DOES potentially
+			// want our body (e.g. full-duplex streaming:
+			// golang.org/issue/13444). If it turns out the server
+			// doesn't, they'll RST_STREAM us soon enough. This is a
+			// heuristic to avoid adding knobs to Transport. Hopefully
+			// we can keep it.
+			bodyWriter.cancel()
+			cs.abortRequestBodyWrite(errStopReqBodyWrite)
+		}
+		if re.err != nil {
+			cc.mu.Lock()
+			afterBodyWrite := cs.startedWrite
+			cc.mu.Unlock()
+			cc.forgetStreamID(cs.ID)
+			if afterBodyWrite {
+				return nil, afterReqBodyWriteError{re.err}
+			}
+			return nil, re.err
+		}
+		res.Request = req
+		res.TLS = cc.tlsState
+		return res, nil
+	}
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case re := <-readLoopResCh:
+			return handleReadLoopResponse(re)
+		case <-respHeaderTimer:
+			if !hasBody || bodyWritten {
+				cc.writeStreamReset(cs.ID, ErrCodeCancel, nil)
+			} else {
+				bodyWriter.cancel()
+				cs.abortRequestBodyWrite(errStopReqBodyWriteAndCancel)
+			}
+			cc.forgetStreamID(cs.ID)
+			return nil, errTimeout
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			if !hasBody || bodyWritten {
+				cc.writeStreamReset(cs.ID, ErrCodeCancel, nil)
+			} else {
+				bodyWriter.cancel()
+				cs.abortRequestBodyWrite(errStopReqBodyWriteAndCancel)
+			}
+			cc.forgetStreamID(cs.ID)
+			return nil, ctx.Err()
+		case <-req.Cancel:
+			if !hasBody || bodyWritten {
+				cc.writeStreamReset(cs.ID, ErrCodeCancel, nil)
+			} else {
+				bodyWriter.cancel()
+				cs.abortRequestBodyWrite(errStopReqBodyWriteAndCancel)
+			}
+			cc.forgetStreamID(cs.ID)
+			return nil, errRequestCanceled
+		case <-cs.peerReset:
+			// processResetStream already removed the
+			// stream from the streams map; no need for
+			// forgetStreamID.
+			return nil, cs.resetErr
+		case err := <-bodyWriter.resc:
+			// Prefer the read loop's response, if available. Issue 16102.
+			select {
+			case re := <-readLoopResCh:
+				return handleReadLoopResponse(re)
+			default:
+			}
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			bodyWritten = true
+			if d := cc.responseHeaderTimeout(); d != 0 {
+				timer := time.NewTimer(d)
+				defer timer.Stop()
+				respHeaderTimer = timer.C
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// awaitOpenSlotForRequest waits until len(streams) < maxConcurrentStreams.
+// Must hold cc.mu.
+func (cc *ClientConn) awaitOpenSlotForRequest(req *http.Request) error {
+	var waitingForConn chan struct{}
+	var waitingForConnErr error // guarded by cc.mu
+	for {
+		cc.lastActive = time.Now()
+		if cc.closed || !cc.canTakeNewRequestLocked() {
+			return errClientConnUnusable
+		}
+		if int64(len(cc.streams))+1 <= int64(cc.maxConcurrentStreams) {
+			if waitingForConn != nil {
+				close(waitingForConn)
+			}
+			return nil
+		}
+		// Unfortunately, we cannot wait on a condition variable and channel at
+		// the same time, so instead, we spin up a goroutine to check if the
+		// request is canceled while we wait for a slot to open in the connection.
+		if waitingForConn == nil {
+			waitingForConn = make(chan struct{})
+			go func() {
+				if err := awaitRequestCancel(req, waitingForConn); err != nil {
+					cc.mu.Lock()
+					waitingForConnErr = err
+					cc.cond.Broadcast()
+					cc.mu.Unlock()
+				}
+			}()
+		}
+		cc.pendingRequests++
+		cc.cond.Wait()
+		cc.pendingRequests--
+		if waitingForConnErr != nil {
+			return waitingForConnErr
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// requires cc.wmu be held
+func (cc *ClientConn) writeHeaders(streamID uint32, endStream bool, hdrs []byte) error {
+	first := true // first frame written (HEADERS is first, then CONTINUATION)
+	frameSize := int(cc.maxFrameSize)
+	for len(hdrs) > 0 && cc.werr == nil {
+		chunk := hdrs
+		if len(chunk) > frameSize {
+			chunk = chunk[:frameSize]
+		}
+		hdrs = hdrs[len(chunk):]
+		endHeaders := len(hdrs) == 0
+		if first {
+			cc.fr.WriteHeaders(HeadersFrameParam{
+				StreamID:      streamID,
+				BlockFragment: chunk,
+				EndStream:     endStream,
+				EndHeaders:    endHeaders,
+			})
+			first = false
+		} else {
+			cc.fr.WriteContinuation(streamID, endHeaders, chunk)
+		}
+	}
+	// TODO(bradfitz): this Flush could potentially block (as
+	// could the WriteHeaders call(s) above), which means they
+	// wouldn't respond to Request.Cancel being readable. That's
+	// rare, but this should probably be in a goroutine.
+	cc.bw.Flush()
+	return cc.werr
+}
+
+// internal error values; they don't escape to callers
+var (
+	// abort request body write; don't send cancel
+	errStopReqBodyWrite = errors.New("http2: aborting request body write")
+
+	// abort request body write, but send stream reset of cancel.
+	errStopReqBodyWriteAndCancel = errors.New("http2: canceling request")
+)
+
+func (cs *clientStream) writeRequestBody(body io.Reader, bodyCloser io.Closer) (err error) {
+	cc := cs.cc
+	sentEnd := false // whether we sent the final DATA frame w/ END_STREAM
+	buf := cc.frameScratchBuffer()
+	defer cc.putFrameScratchBuffer(buf)
+
+	defer func() {
+		traceWroteRequest(cs.trace, err)
+		// TODO: write h12Compare test showing whether
+		// Request.Body is closed by the Transport,
+		// and in multiple cases: server replies <=299 and >299
+		// while still writing request body
+		cerr := bodyCloser.Close()
+		if err == nil {
+			err = cerr
+		}
+	}()
+
+	req := cs.req
+	hasTrailers := req.Trailer != nil
+
+	var sawEOF bool
+	for !sawEOF {
+		n, err := body.Read(buf)
+		if err == io.EOF {
+			sawEOF = true
+			err = nil
+		} else if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		remain := buf[:n]
+		for len(remain) > 0 && err == nil {
+			var allowed int32
+			allowed, err = cs.awaitFlowControl(len(remain))
+			switch {
+			case err == errStopReqBodyWrite:
+				return err
+			case err == errStopReqBodyWriteAndCancel:
+				cc.writeStreamReset(cs.ID, ErrCodeCancel, nil)
+				return err
+			case err != nil:
+				return err
+			}
+			cc.wmu.Lock()
+			data := remain[:allowed]
+			remain = remain[allowed:]
+			sentEnd = sawEOF && len(remain) == 0 && !hasTrailers
+			err = cc.fr.WriteData(cs.ID, sentEnd, data)
+			if err == nil {
+				// TODO(bradfitz): this flush is for latency, not bandwidth.
+				// Most requests won't need this. Make this opt-in or
+				// opt-out?  Use some heuristic on the body type? Nagel-like
+				// timers?  Based on 'n'? Only last chunk of this for loop,
+				// unless flow control tokens are low? For now, always.
+				// If we change this, see comment below.
+				err = cc.bw.Flush()
+			}
+			cc.wmu.Unlock()
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if sentEnd {
+		// Already sent END_STREAM (which implies we have no
+		// trailers) and flushed, because currently all
+		// WriteData frames above get a flush. So we're done.
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var trls []byte
+	if hasTrailers {
+		cc.mu.Lock()
+		trls, err = cc.encodeTrailers(req)
+		cc.mu.Unlock()
+		if err != nil {
+			cc.writeStreamReset(cs.ID, ErrCodeInternal, err)
+			cc.forgetStreamID(cs.ID)
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	cc.wmu.Lock()
+	defer cc.wmu.Unlock()
+
+	// Two ways to send END_STREAM: either with trailers, or
+	// with an empty DATA frame.
+	if len(trls) > 0 {
+		err = cc.writeHeaders(cs.ID, true, trls)
+	} else {
+		err = cc.fr.WriteData(cs.ID, true, nil)
+	}
+	if ferr := cc.bw.Flush(); ferr != nil && err == nil {
+		err = ferr
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+// awaitFlowControl waits for [1, min(maxBytes, cc.cs.maxFrameSize)] flow
+// control tokens from the server.
+// It returns either the non-zero number of tokens taken or an error
+// if the stream is dead.
+func (cs *clientStream) awaitFlowControl(maxBytes int) (taken int32, err error) {
+	cc := cs.cc
+	cc.mu.Lock()
+	defer cc.mu.Unlock()
+	for {
+		if cc.closed {
+			return 0, errClientConnClosed
+		}
+		if cs.stopReqBody != nil {
+			return 0, cs.stopReqBody
+		}
+		if err := cs.checkResetOrDone(); err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+		if a := cs.flow.available(); a > 0 {
+			take := a
+			if int(take) > maxBytes {
+
+				take = int32(maxBytes) // can't truncate int; take is int32
+			}
+			if take > int32(cc.maxFrameSize) {
+				take = int32(cc.maxFrameSize)
+			}
+			cs.flow.take(take)
+			return take, nil
+		}
+		cc.cond.Wait()
+	}
+}
+
+type badStringError struct {
+	what string
+	str  string
+}
+
+func (e *badStringError) Error() string { return fmt.Sprintf("%s %q", e.what, e.str) }
+
+// requires cc.mu be held.
+func (cc *ClientConn) encodeHeaders(req *http.Request, addGzipHeader bool, trailers string, contentLength int64) ([]byte, error) {
+	cc.hbuf.Reset()
+
+	host := req.Host
+	if host == "" {
+		host = req.URL.Host
+	}
+	host, err := httplex.PunycodeHostPort(host)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var path string
+	if req.Method != "CONNECT" {
+		path = req.URL.RequestURI()
+		if !validPseudoPath(path) {
+			orig := path
+			path = strings.TrimPrefix(path, req.URL.Scheme+"://"+host)
+			if !validPseudoPath(path) {
+				if req.URL.Opaque != "" {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid request :path %q from URL.Opaque = %q", orig, req.URL.Opaque)
+				} else {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid request :path %q", orig)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Check for any invalid headers and return an error before we
+	// potentially pollute our hpack state. (We want to be able to
+	// continue to reuse the hpack encoder for future requests)
+	for k, vv := range req.Header {
+		if !httplex.ValidHeaderFieldName(k) {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid HTTP header name %q", k)
+		}
+		for _, v := range vv {
+			if !httplex.ValidHeaderFieldValue(v) {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid HTTP header value %q for header %q", v, k)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	enumerateHeaders := func(f func(name, value string)) {
+		// 8.1.2.3 Request Pseudo-Header Fields
+		// The :path pseudo-header field includes the path and query parts of the
+		// target URI (the path-absolute production and optionally a '?' character
+		// followed by the query production (see Sections 3.3 and 3.4 of
+		// [RFC3986]).
+		f(":authority", host)
+		f(":method", req.Method)
+		if req.Method != "CONNECT" {
+			f(":path", path)
+			f(":scheme", req.URL.Scheme)
+		}
+		if trailers != "" {
+			f("trailer", trailers)
+		}
+
+		var didUA bool
+		for k, vv := range req.Header {
+			if strings.EqualFold(k, "host") || strings.EqualFold(k, "content-length") {
+				// Host is :authority, already sent.
+				// Content-Length is automatic, set below.
+				continue
+			} else if strings.EqualFold(k, "connection") || strings.EqualFold(k, "proxy-connection") ||
+				strings.EqualFold(k, "transfer-encoding") || strings.EqualFold(k, "upgrade") ||
+				strings.EqualFold(k, "keep-alive") {
+				// Per 8.1.2.2 Connection-Specific Header
+				// Fields, don't send connection-specific
+				// fields. We have already checked if any
+				// are error-worthy so just ignore the rest.
+				continue
+			} else if strings.EqualFold(k, "user-agent") {
+				// Match Go's http1 behavior: at most one
+				// User-Agent. If set to nil or empty string,
+				// then omit it. Otherwise if not mentioned,
+				// include the default (below).
+				didUA = true
+				if len(vv) < 1 {
+					continue
+				}
+				vv = vv[:1]
+				if vv[0] == "" {
+					continue
+				}
+
+			}
+
+			for _, v := range vv {
+				f(k, v)
+			}
+		}
+		if shouldSendReqContentLength(req.Method, contentLength) {
+			f("content-length", strconv.FormatInt(contentLength, 10))
+		}
+		if addGzipHeader {
+			f("accept-encoding", "gzip")
+		}
+		if !didUA {
+			f("user-agent", defaultUserAgent)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Do a first pass over the headers counting bytes to ensure
+	// we don't exceed cc.peerMaxHeaderListSize. This is done as a
+	// separate pass before encoding the headers to prevent
+	// modifying the hpack state.
+	hlSize := uint64(0)
+	enumerateHeaders(func(name, value string) {
+		hf := hpack.HeaderField{Name: name, Value: value}
+		hlSize += uint64(hf.Size())
+	})
+
+	if hlSize > cc.peerMaxHeaderListSize {
+		return nil, errRequestHeaderListSize
+	}
+
+	// Header list size is ok. Write the headers.
+	enumerateHeaders(func(name, value string) {
+		cc.writeHeader(strings.ToLower(name), value)
+	})
+
+	return cc.hbuf.Bytes(), nil
+}
+
+// shouldSendReqContentLength reports whether the http2.Transport should send
+// a "content-length" request header. This logic is basically a copy of the net/http
+// transferWriter.shouldSendContentLength.
+// The contentLength is the corrected contentLength (so 0 means actually 0, not unknown).
+// -1 means unknown.
+func shouldSendReqContentLength(method string, contentLength int64) bool {
+	if contentLength > 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+	if contentLength < 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	// For zero bodies, whether we send a content-length depends on the method.
+	// It also kinda doesn't matter for http2 either way, with END_STREAM.
+	switch method {
+	case "POST", "PUT", "PATCH":
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+// requires cc.mu be held.
+func (cc *ClientConn) encodeTrailers(req *http.Request) ([]byte, error) {
+	cc.hbuf.Reset()
+
+	hlSize := uint64(0)
+	for k, vv := range req.Trailer {
+		for _, v := range vv {
+			hf := hpack.HeaderField{Name: k, Value: v}
+			hlSize += uint64(hf.Size())
+		}
+	}
+	if hlSize > cc.peerMaxHeaderListSize {
+		return nil, errRequestHeaderListSize
+	}
+
+	for k, vv := range req.Trailer {
+		// Transfer-Encoding, etc.. have already been filtered at the
+		// start of RoundTrip
+		lowKey := strings.ToLower(k)
+		for _, v := range vv {
+			cc.writeHeader(lowKey, v)
+		}
+	}
+	return cc.hbuf.Bytes(), nil
+}
+
+func (cc *ClientConn) writeHeader(name, value string) {
+	if VerboseLogs {
+		log.Printf("http2: Transport encoding header %q = %q", name, value)
+	}
+	cc.henc.WriteField(hpack.HeaderField{Name: name, Value: value})
+}
+
+type resAndError struct {
+	res *http.Response
+	err error
+}
+
+// requires cc.mu be held.
+func (cc *ClientConn) newStream() *clientStream {
+	cs := &clientStream{
+		cc:        cc,
+		ID:        cc.nextStreamID,
+		resc:      make(chan resAndError, 1),
+		peerReset: make(chan struct{}),
+		done:      make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+	cs.flow.add(int32(cc.initialWindowSize))
+	cs.flow.setConnFlow(&cc.flow)
+	cs.inflow.add(transportDefaultStreamFlow)
+	cs.inflow.setConnFlow(&cc.inflow)
+	cc.nextStreamID += 2
+	cc.streams[cs.ID] = cs
+	return cs
+}
+
+func (cc *ClientConn) forgetStreamID(id uint32) {
+	cc.streamByID(id, true)
+}
+
+func (cc *ClientConn) streamByID(id uint32, andRemove bool) *clientStream {
+	cc.mu.Lock()
+	defer cc.mu.Unlock()
+	cs := cc.streams[id]
+	if andRemove && cs != nil && !cc.closed {
+		cc.lastActive = time.Now()
+		delete(cc.streams, id)
+		if len(cc.streams) == 0 && cc.idleTimer != nil {
+			cc.idleTimer.Reset(cc.idleTimeout)
+		}
+		close(cs.done)
+		// Wake up checkResetOrDone via clientStream.awaitFlowControl and
+		// wake up RoundTrip if there is a pending request.
+		cc.cond.Broadcast()
+	}
+	return cs
+}
+
+// clientConnReadLoop is the state owned by the clientConn's frame-reading readLoop.
+type clientConnReadLoop struct {
+	cc            *ClientConn
+	activeRes     map[uint32]*clientStream // keyed by streamID
+	closeWhenIdle bool
+}
+
+// readLoop runs in its own goroutine and reads and dispatches frames.
+func (cc *ClientConn) readLoop() {
+	rl := &clientConnReadLoop{
+		cc:        cc,
+		activeRes: make(map[uint32]*clientStream),
+	}
+
+	defer rl.cleanup()
+	cc.readerErr = rl.run()
+	if ce, ok := cc.readerErr.(ConnectionError); ok {
+		cc.wmu.Lock()
+		cc.fr.WriteGoAway(0, ErrCode(ce), nil)
+		cc.wmu.Unlock()
+	}
+}
+
+// GoAwayError is returned by the Transport when the server closes the
+// TCP connection after sending a GOAWAY frame.
+type GoAwayError struct {
+	LastStreamID uint32
+	ErrCode      ErrCode
+	DebugData    string
+}
+
+func (e GoAwayError) Error() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("http2: server sent GOAWAY and closed the connection; LastStreamID=%v, ErrCode=%v, debug=%q",
+		e.LastStreamID, e.ErrCode, e.DebugData)
+}
+
+func isEOFOrNetReadError(err error) bool {
+	if err == io.EOF {
+		return true
+	}
+	ne, ok := err.(*net.OpError)
+	return ok && ne.Op == "read"
+}
+
+func (rl *clientConnReadLoop) cleanup() {
+	cc := rl.cc
+	defer cc.tconn.Close()
+	defer cc.t.connPool().MarkDead(cc)
+	defer close(cc.readerDone)
+
+	if cc.idleTimer != nil {
+		cc.idleTimer.Stop()
+	}
+
+	// Close any response bodies if the server closes prematurely.
+	// TODO: also do this if we've written the headers but not
+	// gotten a response yet.
+	err := cc.readerErr
+	cc.mu.Lock()
+	if cc.goAway != nil && isEOFOrNetReadError(err) {
+		err = GoAwayError{
+			LastStreamID: cc.goAway.LastStreamID,
+			ErrCode:      cc.goAway.ErrCode,
+			DebugData:    cc.goAwayDebug,
+		}
+	} else if err == io.EOF {
+		err = io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+	}
+	for _, cs := range rl.activeRes {
+		cs.bufPipe.CloseWithError(err)
+	}
+	for _, cs := range cc.streams {
+		select {
+		case cs.resc <- resAndError{err: err}:
+		default:
+		}
+		close(cs.done)
+	}
+	cc.closed = true
+	cc.cond.Broadcast()
+	cc.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+func (rl *clientConnReadLoop) run() error {
+	cc := rl.cc
+	rl.closeWhenIdle = cc.t.disableKeepAlives() || cc.singleUse
+	gotReply := false // ever saw a HEADERS reply
+	gotSettings := false
+	for {
+		f, err := cc.fr.ReadFrame()
+		if err != nil {
+			cc.vlogf("http2: Transport readFrame error on conn %p: (%T) %v", cc, err, err)
+		}
+		if se, ok := err.(StreamError); ok {
+			if cs := cc.streamByID(se.StreamID, false); cs != nil {
+				cs.cc.writeStreamReset(cs.ID, se.Code, err)
+				cs.cc.forgetStreamID(cs.ID)
+				if se.Cause == nil {
+					se.Cause = cc.fr.errDetail
+				}
+				rl.endStreamError(cs, se)
+			}
+			continue
+		} else if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if VerboseLogs {
+			cc.vlogf("http2: Transport received %s", summarizeFrame(f))
+		}
+		if !gotSettings {
+			if _, ok := f.(*SettingsFrame); !ok {
+				cc.logf("protocol error: received %T before a SETTINGS frame", f)
+				return ConnectionError(ErrCodeProtocol)
+			}
+			gotSettings = true
+		}
+		maybeIdle := false // whether frame might transition us to idle
+
+		switch f := f.(type) {
+		case *MetaHeadersFrame:
+			err = rl.processHeaders(f)
+			maybeIdle = true
+			gotReply = true
+		case *DataFrame:
+			err = rl.processData(f)
+			maybeIdle = true
+		case *GoAwayFrame:
+			err = rl.processGoAway(f)
+			maybeIdle = true
+		case *RSTStreamFrame:
+			err = rl.processResetStream(f)
+			maybeIdle = true
+		case *SettingsFrame:
+			err = rl.processSettings(f)
+		case *PushPromiseFrame:
+			err = rl.processPushPromise(f)
+		case *WindowUpdateFrame:
+			err = rl.processWindowUpdate(f)
+		case *PingFrame:
+			err = rl.processPing(f)
+		default:
+			cc.logf("Transport: unhandled response frame type %T", f)
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			if VerboseLogs {
+				cc.vlogf("http2: Transport conn %p received error from processing frame %v: %v", cc, summarizeFrame(f), err)
+			}
+			return err
+		}
+		if rl.closeWhenIdle && gotReply && maybeIdle && len(rl.activeRes) == 0 {
+			cc.closeIfIdle()
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (rl *clientConnReadLoop) processHeaders(f *MetaHeadersFrame) error {
+	cc := rl.cc
+	if f.StreamEnded() {
+		// Issue 20521: If the stream has ended, streamByID() causes
+		// clientStream.done to be closed, which causes the request's bodyWriter
+		// to be closed with an errStreamClosed, which may be received by
+		// clientConn.RoundTrip before the result of processing these headers.
+		// Deferring stream closure allows the header processing to occur first.
+		// clientConn.RoundTrip may still receive the bodyWriter error first, but
+		// the fix for issue 16102 prioritises any response.
+		defer cc.streamByID(f.StreamID, true)
+	}
+	cs := cc.streamByID(f.StreamID, false)
+	if cs == nil {
+		// We'd get here if we canceled a request while the
+		// server had its response still in flight. So if this
+		// was just something we canceled, ignore it.
+		return nil
+	}
+	if !cs.firstByte {
+		if cs.trace != nil {
+			// TODO(bradfitz): move first response byte earlier,
+			// when we first read the 9 byte header, not waiting
+			// until all the HEADERS+CONTINUATION frames have been
+			// merged. This works for now.
+			traceFirstResponseByte(cs.trace)
+		}
+		cs.firstByte = true
+	}
+	if !cs.pastHeaders {
+		cs.pastHeaders = true
+	} else {
+		return rl.processTrailers(cs, f)
+	}
+
+	res, err := rl.handleResponse(cs, f)
+	if err != nil {
+		if _, ok := err.(ConnectionError); ok {
+			return err
+		}
+		// Any other error type is a stream error.
+		cs.cc.writeStreamReset(f.StreamID, ErrCodeProtocol, err)
+		cs.resc <- resAndError{err: err}
+		return nil // return nil from process* funcs to keep conn alive
+	}
+	if res == nil {
+		// (nil, nil) special case. See handleResponse docs.
+		return nil
+	}
+	if res.Body != noBody {
+		rl.activeRes[cs.ID] = cs
+	}
+	cs.resTrailer = &res.Trailer
+	cs.resc <- resAndError{res: res}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// may return error types nil, or ConnectionError. Any other error value
+// is a StreamError of type ErrCodeProtocol. The returned error in that case
+// is the detail.
+//
+// As a special case, handleResponse may return (nil, nil) to skip the
+// frame (currently only used for 100 expect continue). This special
+// case is going away after Issue 13851 is fixed.
+func (rl *clientConnReadLoop) handleResponse(cs *clientStream, f *MetaHeadersFrame) (*http.Response, error) {
+	if f.Truncated {
+		return nil, errResponseHeaderListSize
+	}
+
+	status := f.PseudoValue("status")
+	if status == "" {
+		return nil, errors.New("missing status pseudo header")
+	}
+	statusCode, err := strconv.Atoi(status)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("malformed non-numeric status pseudo header")
+	}
+
+	if statusCode == 100 {
+		traceGot100Continue(cs.trace)
+		if cs.on100 != nil {
+			cs.on100() // forces any write delay timer to fire
+		}
+		cs.pastHeaders = false // do it all again
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	header := make(http.Header)
+	res := &http.Response{
+		Proto:      "HTTP/2.0",
+		ProtoMajor: 2,
+		Header:     header,
+		StatusCode: statusCode,
+		Status:     status + " " + http.StatusText(statusCode),
+	}
+	for _, hf := range f.RegularFields() {
+		key := http.CanonicalHeaderKey(hf.Name)
+		if key == "Trailer" {
+			t := res.Trailer
+			if t == nil {
+				t = make(http.Header)
+				res.Trailer = t
+			}
+			foreachHeaderElement(hf.Value, func(v string) {
+				t[http.CanonicalHeaderKey(v)] = nil
+			})
+		} else {
+			header[key] = append(header[key], hf.Value)
+		}
+	}
+
+	streamEnded := f.StreamEnded()
+	isHead := cs.req.Method == "HEAD"
+	if !streamEnded || isHead {
+		res.ContentLength = -1
+		if clens := res.Header["Content-Length"]; len(clens) == 1 {
+			if clen64, err := strconv.ParseInt(clens[0], 10, 64); err == nil {
+				res.ContentLength = clen64
+			} else {
+				// TODO: care? unlike http/1, it won't mess up our framing, so it's
+				// more safe smuggling-wise to ignore.
+			}
+		} else if len(clens) > 1 {
+			// TODO: care? unlike http/1, it won't mess up our framing, so it's
+			// more safe smuggling-wise to ignore.
+		}
+	}
+
+	if streamEnded || isHead {
+		res.Body = noBody
+		return res, nil
+	}
+
+	cs.bufPipe = pipe{b: &dataBuffer{expected: res.ContentLength}}
+	cs.bytesRemain = res.ContentLength
+	res.Body = transportResponseBody{cs}
+	go cs.awaitRequestCancel(cs.req)
+
+	if cs.requestedGzip && res.Header.Get("Content-Encoding") == "gzip" {
+		res.Header.Del("Content-Encoding")
+		res.Header.Del("Content-Length")
+		res.ContentLength = -1
+		res.Body = &gzipReader{body: res.Body}
+		setResponseUncompressed(res)
+	}
+	return res, nil
+}
+
+func (rl *clientConnReadLoop) processTrailers(cs *clientStream, f *MetaHeadersFrame) error {
+	if cs.pastTrailers {
+		// Too many HEADERS frames for this stream.
+		return ConnectionError(ErrCodeProtocol)
+	}
+	cs.pastTrailers = true
+	if !f.StreamEnded() {
+		// We expect that any headers for trailers also
+		// has END_STREAM.
+		return ConnectionError(ErrCodeProtocol)
+	}
+	if len(f.PseudoFields()) > 0 {
+		// No pseudo header fields are defined for trailers.
+		// TODO: ConnectionError might be overly harsh? Check.
+		return ConnectionError(ErrCodeProtocol)
+	}
+
+	trailer := make(http.Header)
+	for _, hf := range f.RegularFields() {
+		key := http.CanonicalHeaderKey(hf.Name)
+		trailer[key] = append(trailer[key], hf.Value)
+	}
+	cs.trailer = trailer
+
+	rl.endStream(cs)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// transportResponseBody is the concrete type of Transport.RoundTrip's
+// Response.Body. It is an io.ReadCloser. On Read, it reads from cs.body.
+// On Close it sends RST_STREAM if EOF wasn't already seen.
+type transportResponseBody struct {
+	cs *clientStream
+}
+
+func (b transportResponseBody) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	cs := b.cs
+	cc := cs.cc
+
+	if cs.readErr != nil {
+		return 0, cs.readErr
+	}
+	n, err = b.cs.bufPipe.Read(p)
+	if cs.bytesRemain != -1 {
+		if int64(n) > cs.bytesRemain {
+			n = int(cs.bytesRemain)
+			if err == nil {
+				err = errors.New("net/http: server replied with more than declared Content-Length; truncated")
+				cc.writeStreamReset(cs.ID, ErrCodeProtocol, err)
+			}
+			cs.readErr = err
+			return int(cs.bytesRemain), err
+		}
+		cs.bytesRemain -= int64(n)
+		if err == io.EOF && cs.bytesRemain > 0 {
+			err = io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+			cs.readErr = err
+			return n, err
+		}
+	}
+	if n == 0 {
+		// No flow control tokens to send back.
+		return
+	}
+
+	cc.mu.Lock()
+	defer cc.mu.Unlock()
+
+	var connAdd, streamAdd int32
+	// Check the conn-level first, before the stream-level.
+	if v := cc.inflow.available(); v < transportDefaultConnFlow/2 {
+		connAdd = transportDefaultConnFlow - v
+		cc.inflow.add(connAdd)
+	}
+	if err == nil { // No need to refresh if the stream is over or failed.
+		// Consider any buffered body data (read from the conn but not
+		// consumed by the client) when computing flow control for this
+		// stream.
+		v := int(cs.inflow.available()) + cs.bufPipe.Len()
+		if v < transportDefaultStreamFlow-transportDefaultStreamMinRefresh {
+			streamAdd = int32(transportDefaultStreamFlow - v)
+			cs.inflow.add(streamAdd)
+		}
+	}
+	if connAdd != 0 || streamAdd != 0 {
+		cc.wmu.Lock()
+		defer cc.wmu.Unlock()
+		if connAdd != 0 {
+			cc.fr.WriteWindowUpdate(0, mustUint31(connAdd))
+		}
+		if streamAdd != 0 {
+			cc.fr.WriteWindowUpdate(cs.ID, mustUint31(streamAdd))
+		}
+		cc.bw.Flush()
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+var errClosedResponseBody = errors.New("http2: response body closed")
+
+func (b transportResponseBody) Close() error {
+	cs := b.cs
+	cc := cs.cc
+
+	serverSentStreamEnd := cs.bufPipe.Err() == io.EOF
+	unread := cs.bufPipe.Len()
+
+	if unread > 0 || !serverSentStreamEnd {
+		cc.mu.Lock()
+		cc.wmu.Lock()
+		if !serverSentStreamEnd {
+			cc.fr.WriteRSTStream(cs.ID, ErrCodeCancel)
+			cs.didReset = true
+		}
+		// Return connection-level flow control.
+		if unread > 0 {
+			cc.inflow.add(int32(unread))
+			cc.fr.WriteWindowUpdate(0, uint32(unread))
+		}
+		cc.bw.Flush()
+		cc.wmu.Unlock()
+		cc.mu.Unlock()
+	}
+
+	cs.bufPipe.BreakWithError(errClosedResponseBody)
+	cc.forgetStreamID(cs.ID)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (rl *clientConnReadLoop) processData(f *DataFrame) error {
+	cc := rl.cc
+	cs := cc.streamByID(f.StreamID, f.StreamEnded())
+	data := f.Data()
+	if cs == nil {
+		cc.mu.Lock()
+		neverSent := cc.nextStreamID
+		cc.mu.Unlock()
+		if f.StreamID >= neverSent {
+			// We never asked for this.
+			cc.logf("http2: Transport received unsolicited DATA frame; closing connection")
+			return ConnectionError(ErrCodeProtocol)
+		}
+		// We probably did ask for this, but canceled. Just ignore it.
+		// TODO: be stricter here? only silently ignore things which
+		// we canceled, but not things which were closed normally
+		// by the peer? Tough without accumulating too much state.
+
+		// But at least return their flow control:
+		if f.Length > 0 {
+			cc.mu.Lock()
+			cc.inflow.add(int32(f.Length))
+			cc.mu.Unlock()
+
+			cc.wmu.Lock()
+			cc.fr.WriteWindowUpdate(0, uint32(f.Length))
+			cc.bw.Flush()
+			cc.wmu.Unlock()
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	if !cs.firstByte {
+		cc.logf("protocol error: received DATA before a HEADERS frame")
+		rl.endStreamError(cs, StreamError{
+			StreamID: f.StreamID,
+			Code:     ErrCodeProtocol,
+		})
+		return nil
+	}
+	if f.Length > 0 {
+		// Check connection-level flow control.
+		cc.mu.Lock()
+		if cs.inflow.available() >= int32(f.Length) {
+			cs.inflow.take(int32(f.Length))
+		} else {
+			cc.mu.Unlock()
+			return ConnectionError(ErrCodeFlowControl)
+		}
+		// Return any padded flow control now, since we won't
+		// refund it later on body reads.
+		var refund int
+		if pad := int(f.Length) - len(data); pad > 0 {
+			refund += pad
+		}
+		// Return len(data) now if the stream is already closed,
+		// since data will never be read.
+		didReset := cs.didReset
+		if didReset {
+			refund += len(data)
+		}
+		if refund > 0 {
+			cc.inflow.add(int32(refund))
+			cc.wmu.Lock()
+			cc.fr.WriteWindowUpdate(0, uint32(refund))
+			if !didReset {
+				cs.inflow.add(int32(refund))
+				cc.fr.WriteWindowUpdate(cs.ID, uint32(refund))
+			}
+			cc.bw.Flush()
+			cc.wmu.Unlock()
+		}
+		cc.mu.Unlock()
+
+		if len(data) > 0 && !didReset {
+			if _, err := cs.bufPipe.Write(data); err != nil {
+				rl.endStreamError(cs, err)
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if f.StreamEnded() {
+		rl.endStream(cs)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+var errInvalidTrailers = errors.New("http2: invalid trailers")
+
+func (rl *clientConnReadLoop) endStream(cs *clientStream) {
+	// TODO: check that any declared content-length matches, like
+	// server.go's (*stream).endStream method.
+	rl.endStreamError(cs, nil)
+}
+
+func (rl *clientConnReadLoop) endStreamError(cs *clientStream, err error) {
+	var code func()
+	if err == nil {
+		err = io.EOF
+		code = cs.copyTrailers
+	}
+	cs.bufPipe.closeWithErrorAndCode(err, code)
+	delete(rl.activeRes, cs.ID)
+	if isConnectionCloseRequest(cs.req) {
+		rl.closeWhenIdle = true
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case cs.resc <- resAndError{err: err}:
+	default:
+	}
+}
+
+func (cs *clientStream) copyTrailers() {
+	for k, vv := range cs.trailer {
+		t := cs.resTrailer
+		if *t == nil {
+			*t = make(http.Header)
+		}
+		(*t)[k] = vv
+	}
+}
+
+func (rl *clientConnReadLoop) processGoAway(f *GoAwayFrame) error {
+	cc := rl.cc
+	cc.t.connPool().MarkDead(cc)
+	if f.ErrCode != 0 {
+		// TODO: deal with GOAWAY more. particularly the error code
+		cc.vlogf("transport got GOAWAY with error code = %v", f.ErrCode)
+	}
+	cc.setGoAway(f)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (rl *clientConnReadLoop) processSettings(f *SettingsFrame) error {
+	cc := rl.cc
+	cc.mu.Lock()
+	defer cc.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if f.IsAck() {
+		if cc.wantSettingsAck {
+			cc.wantSettingsAck = false
+			return nil
+		}
+		return ConnectionError(ErrCodeProtocol)
+	}
+
+	err := f.ForeachSetting(func(s Setting) error {
+		switch s.ID {
+		case SettingMaxFrameSize:
+			cc.maxFrameSize = s.Val
+		case SettingMaxConcurrentStreams:
+			cc.maxConcurrentStreams = s.Val
+		case SettingMaxHeaderListSize:
+			cc.peerMaxHeaderListSize = uint64(s.Val)
+		case SettingInitialWindowSize:
+			// Values above the maximum flow-control
+			// window size of 2^31-1 MUST be treated as a
+			// connection error (Section 5.4.1) of type
+			// FLOW_CONTROL_ERROR.
+			if s.Val > math.MaxInt32 {
+				return ConnectionError(ErrCodeFlowControl)
+			}
+
+			// Adjust flow control of currently-open
+			// frames by the difference of the old initial
+			// window size and this one.
+			delta := int32(s.Val) - int32(cc.initialWindowSize)
+			for _, cs := range cc.streams {
+				cs.flow.add(delta)
+			}
+			cc.cond.Broadcast()
+
+			cc.initialWindowSize = s.Val
+		default:
+			// TODO(bradfitz): handle more settings? SETTINGS_HEADER_TABLE_SIZE probably.
+			cc.vlogf("Unhandled Setting: %v", s)
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	cc.wmu.Lock()
+	defer cc.wmu.Unlock()
+
+	cc.fr.WriteSettingsAck()
+	cc.bw.Flush()
+	return cc.werr
+}
+
+func (rl *clientConnReadLoop) processWindowUpdate(f *WindowUpdateFrame) error {
+	cc := rl.cc
+	cs := cc.streamByID(f.StreamID, false)
+	if f.StreamID != 0 && cs == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	cc.mu.Lock()
+	defer cc.mu.Unlock()
+
+	fl := &cc.flow
+	if cs != nil {
+		fl = &cs.flow
+	}
+	if !fl.add(int32(f.Increment)) {
+		return ConnectionError(ErrCodeFlowControl)
+	}
+	cc.cond.Broadcast()
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (rl *clientConnReadLoop) processResetStream(f *RSTStreamFrame) error {
+	cs := rl.cc.streamByID(f.StreamID, true)
+	if cs == nil {
+		// TODO: return error if server tries to RST_STEAM an idle stream
+		return nil
+	}
+	select {
+	case <-cs.peerReset:
+		// Already reset.
+		// This is the only goroutine
+		// which closes this, so there
+		// isn't a race.
+	default:
+		err := streamError(cs.ID, f.ErrCode)
+		cs.resetErr = err
+		close(cs.peerReset)
+		cs.bufPipe.CloseWithError(err)
+		cs.cc.cond.Broadcast() // wake up checkResetOrDone via clientStream.awaitFlowControl
+	}
+	delete(rl.activeRes, cs.ID)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Ping sends a PING frame to the server and waits for the ack.
+// Public implementation is in go17.go and not_go17.go
+func (cc *ClientConn) ping(ctx contextContext) error {
+	c := make(chan struct{})
+	// Generate a random payload
+	var p [8]byte
+	for {
+		if _, err := rand.Read(p[:]); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		cc.mu.Lock()
+		// check for dup before insert
+		if _, found := cc.pings[p]; !found {
+			cc.pings[p] = c
+			cc.mu.Unlock()
+			break
+		}
+		cc.mu.Unlock()
+	}
+	cc.wmu.Lock()
+	if err := cc.fr.WritePing(false, p); err != nil {
+		cc.wmu.Unlock()
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := cc.bw.Flush(); err != nil {
+		cc.wmu.Unlock()
+		return err
+	}
+	cc.wmu.Unlock()
+	select {
+	case <-c:
+		return nil
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return ctx.Err()
+	case <-cc.readerDone:
+		// connection closed
+		return cc.readerErr
+	}
+}
+
+func (rl *clientConnReadLoop) processPing(f *PingFrame) error {
+	if f.IsAck() {
+		cc := rl.cc
+		cc.mu.Lock()
+		defer cc.mu.Unlock()
+		// If ack, notify listener if any
+		if c, ok := cc.pings[f.Data]; ok {
+			close(c)
+			delete(cc.pings, f.Data)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	cc := rl.cc
+	cc.wmu.Lock()
+	defer cc.wmu.Unlock()
+	if err := cc.fr.WritePing(true, f.Data); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return cc.bw.Flush()
+}
+
+func (rl *clientConnReadLoop) processPushPromise(f *PushPromiseFrame) error {
+	// We told the peer we don't want them.
+	// Spec says:
+	// "PUSH_PROMISE MUST NOT be sent if the SETTINGS_ENABLE_PUSH
+	// setting of the peer endpoint is set to 0. An endpoint that
+	// has set this setting and has received acknowledgement MUST
+	// treat the receipt of a PUSH_PROMISE frame as a connection
+	// error (Section 5.4.1) of type PROTOCOL_ERROR."
+	return ConnectionError(ErrCodeProtocol)
+}
+
+func (cc *ClientConn) writeStreamReset(streamID uint32, code ErrCode, err error) {
+	// TODO: map err to more interesting error codes, once the
+	// HTTP community comes up with some. But currently for
+	// RST_STREAM there's no equivalent to GOAWAY frame's debug
+	// data, and the error codes are all pretty vague ("cancel").
+	cc.wmu.Lock()
+	cc.fr.WriteRSTStream(streamID, code)
+	cc.bw.Flush()
+	cc.wmu.Unlock()
+}
+
+var (
+	errResponseHeaderListSize = errors.New("http2: response header list larger than advertised limit")
+	errRequestHeaderListSize  = errors.New("http2: request header list larger than peer's advertised limit")
+	errPseudoTrailers         = errors.New("http2: invalid pseudo header in trailers")
+)
+
+func (cc *ClientConn) logf(format string, args ...interface{}) {
+	cc.t.logf(format, args...)
+}
+
+func (cc *ClientConn) vlogf(format string, args ...interface{}) {
+	cc.t.vlogf(format, args...)
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) vlogf(format string, args ...interface{}) {
+	if VerboseLogs {
+		t.logf(format, args...)
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) logf(format string, args ...interface{}) {
+	log.Printf(format, args...)
+}
+
+var noBody io.ReadCloser = ioutil.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(nil))
+
+func strSliceContains(ss []string, s string) bool {
+	for _, v := range ss {
+		if v == s {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+type erringRoundTripper struct{ err error }
+
+func (rt erringRoundTripper) RoundTrip(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error) { return nil, rt.err }
+
+// gzipReader wraps a response body so it can lazily
+// call gzip.NewReader on the first call to Read
+type gzipReader struct {
+	body io.ReadCloser // underlying Response.Body
+	zr   *gzip.Reader  // lazily-initialized gzip reader
+	zerr error         // sticky error
+}
+
+func (gz *gzipReader) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	if gz.zerr != nil {
+		return 0, gz.zerr
+	}
+	if gz.zr == nil {
+		gz.zr, err = gzip.NewReader(gz.body)
+		if err != nil {
+			gz.zerr = err
+			return 0, err
+		}
+	}
+	return gz.zr.Read(p)
+}
+
+func (gz *gzipReader) Close() error {
+	return gz.body.Close()
+}
+
+type errorReader struct{ err error }
+
+func (r errorReader) Read(p []byte) (int, error) { return 0, r.err }
+
+// bodyWriterState encapsulates various state around the Transport's writing
+// of the request body, particularly regarding doing delayed writes of the body
+// when the request contains "Expect: 100-continue".
+type bodyWriterState struct {
+	cs     *clientStream
+	timer  *time.Timer   // if non-nil, we're doing a delayed write
+	fnonce *sync.Once    // to call fn with
+	fn     func()        // the code to run in the goroutine, writing the body
+	resc   chan error    // result of fn's execution
+	delay  time.Duration // how long we should delay a delayed write for
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) getBodyWriterState(cs *clientStream, body io.Reader) (s bodyWriterState) {
+	s.cs = cs
+	if body == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	resc := make(chan error, 1)
+	s.resc = resc
+	s.fn = func() {
+		cs.cc.mu.Lock()
+		cs.startedWrite = true
+		cs.cc.mu.Unlock()
+		resc <- cs.writeRequestBody(body, cs.req.Body)
+	}
+	s.delay = t.expectContinueTimeout()
+	if s.delay == 0 ||
+		!httplex.HeaderValuesContainsToken(
+			cs.req.Header["Expect"],
+			"100-continue") {
+		return
+	}
+	s.fnonce = new(sync.Once)
+
+	// Arm the timer with a very large duration, which we'll
+	// intentionally lower later. It has to be large now because
+	// we need a handle to it before writing the headers, but the
+	// s.delay value is defined to not start until after the
+	// request headers were written.
+	const hugeDuration = 365 * 24 * time.Hour
+	s.timer = time.AfterFunc(hugeDuration, func() {
+		s.fnonce.Do(s.fn)
+	})
+	return
+}
+
+func (s bodyWriterState) cancel() {
+	if s.timer != nil {
+		s.timer.Stop()
+	}
+}
+
+func (s bodyWriterState) on100() {
+	if s.timer == nil {
+		// If we didn't do a delayed write, ignore the server's
+		// bogus 100 continue response.
+		return
+	}
+	s.timer.Stop()
+	go func() { s.fnonce.Do(s.fn) }()
+}
+
+// scheduleBodyWrite starts writing the body, either immediately (in
+// the common case) or after the delay timeout. It should not be
+// called until after the headers have been written.
+func (s bodyWriterState) scheduleBodyWrite() {
+	if s.timer == nil {
+		// We're not doing a delayed write (see
+		// getBodyWriterState), so just start the writing
+		// goroutine immediately.
+		go s.fn()
+		return
+	}
+	traceWait100Continue(s.cs.trace)
+	if s.timer.Stop() {
+		s.timer.Reset(s.delay)
+	}
+}
+
+// isConnectionCloseRequest reports whether req should use its own
+// connection for a single request and then close the connection.
+func isConnectionCloseRequest(req *http.Request) bool {
+	return req.Close || httplex.HeaderValuesContainsToken(req.Header["Connection"], "close")
+}