ires 0.1.3 → 0.1.4

data/ext/vendor/golang.org/x/text/internal/export/idna/gen_common.go

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+// Copyright 2016 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// +build ignore
+
+package main
+
+// This file contains code that is common between the generation code and the
+// package's test code.
+
+import (
+	"log"
+
+	"golang.org/x/text/internal/ucd"
+)
+
+func catFromEntry(p *ucd.Parser) (cat category) {
+	r := p.Rune(0)
+	switch s := p.String(1); s {
+	case "valid":
+		cat = valid
+	case "disallowed":
+		cat = disallowed
+	case "disallowed_STD3_valid":
+		cat = disallowedSTD3Valid
+	case "disallowed_STD3_mapped":
+		cat = disallowedSTD3Mapped
+	case "mapped":
+		cat = mapped
+	case "deviation":
+		cat = deviation
+	case "ignored":
+		cat = ignored
+	default:
+		log.Fatalf("%U: Unknown category %q", r, s)
+	}
+	if s := p.String(3); s != "" {
+		if cat != valid {
+			log.Fatalf(`%U: %s defined for %q; want "valid"`, r, s, p.String(1))
+		}
+		switch s {
+		case "NV8":
+			cat = validNV8
+		case "XV8":
+			cat = validXV8
+		default:
+			log.Fatalf("%U: Unexpected exception %q", r, s)
+		}
+	}
+	return cat
+}
+
+var joinType = map[string]info{
+	"L": joiningL,
+	"D": joiningD,
+	"T": joiningT,
+	"R": joiningR,
+}

data/ext/vendor/golang.org/x/text/internal/export/idna/gen_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+// Copyright 2016 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package idna
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"unicode"
+
+	"golang.org/x/text/internal/gen"
+	"golang.org/x/text/internal/testtext"
+	"golang.org/x/text/internal/ucd"
+)
+
+func TestTables(t *testing.T) {
+	testtext.SkipIfNotLong(t)
+
+	lookup := func(r rune) info {
+		v, _ := trie.lookupString(string(r))
+		return info(v)
+	}
+
+	ucd.Parse(gen.OpenUnicodeFile("idna", "", "IdnaMappingTable.txt"), func(p *ucd.Parser) {
+		r := p.Rune(0)
+		x := lookup(r)
+		if got, want := x.category(), catFromEntry(p); got != want {
+			t.Errorf("%U:category: got %x; want %x", r, got, want)
+		}
+
+		mapped := false
+		switch p.String(1) {
+		case "mapped", "disallowed_STD3_mapped", "deviation":
+			mapped = true
+		}
+		if x.isMapped() != mapped {
+			t.Errorf("%U:isMapped: got %v; want %v", r, x.isMapped(), mapped)
+		}
+		if !mapped {
+			return
+		}
+		want := string(p.Runes(2))
+		got := string(x.appendMapping(nil, string(r)))
+		if got != want {
+			t.Errorf("%U:mapping: got %+q; want %+q", r, got, want)
+		}
+
+		if x.isMapped() {
+			return
+		}
+		wantMark := unicode.In(r, unicode.Mark)
+		gotMark := x.isModifier()
+		if gotMark != wantMark {
+			t.Errorf("IsMark(%U) = %v; want %v", r, gotMark, wantMark)
+		}
+	})
+
+	ucd.Parse(gen.OpenUCDFile("UnicodeData.txt"), func(p *ucd.Parser) {
+		r := p.Rune(0)
+		x := lookup(r)
+		got := x.isViramaModifier()
+
+		const cccVirama = 9
+		want := p.Int(ucd.CanonicalCombiningClass) == cccVirama
+		if got != want {
+			t.Errorf("IsVirama(%U) = %v; want %v", r, got, want)
+		}
+
+		rtl := false
+		switch p.String(ucd.BidiClass) {
+		case "R", "AL", "AN":
+			rtl = true
+		}
+		if got := x.isBidi("A"); got != rtl && !x.isMapped() {
+			t.Errorf("IsBidi(%U) = %v; want %v", r, got, rtl)
+		}
+	})
+
+	ucd.Parse(gen.OpenUCDFile("extracted/DerivedJoiningType.txt"), func(p *ucd.Parser) {
+		r := p.Rune(0)
+		x := lookup(r)
+		if x.isMapped() {
+			return
+		}
+		got := x.joinType()
+		want := joinType[p.String(1)]
+		if got != want {
+			t.Errorf("JoinType(%U) = %x; want %x", r, got, want)
+		}
+	})
+}

data/ext/vendor/golang.org/x/text/internal/export/idna/gen_trieval.go

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+// Copyright 2016 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// +build ignore
+
+package main
+
+// This file contains definitions for interpreting the trie value of the idna
+// trie generated by "go run gen*.go". It is shared by both the generator
+// program and the resultant package. Sharing is achieved by the generator
+// copying gen_trieval.go to trieval.go and changing what's above this comment.
+
+// info holds information from the IDNA mapping table for a single rune. It is
+// the value returned by a trie lookup. In most cases, all information fits in
+// a 16-bit value. For mappings, this value may contain an index into a slice
+// with the mapped string. Such mappings can consist of the actual mapped value
+// or an XOR pattern to be applied to the bytes of the UTF8 encoding of the
+// input rune. This technique is used by the cases packages and reduces the
+// table size significantly.
+//
+// The per-rune values have the following format:
+//
+//   if mapped {
+//     if inlinedXOR {
+//       15..13 inline XOR marker
+//       12..11 unused
+//       10..3  inline XOR mask
+//     } else {
+//       15..3  index into xor or mapping table
+//     }
+//   } else {
+//       15..14 unused
+//       13     mayNeedNorm
+//       12..11 attributes
+//       10..8  joining type
+//        7..3  category type
+//   }
+//      2  use xor pattern
+//   1..0  mapped category
+//
+// See the definitions below for a more detailed description of the various
+// bits.
+type info uint16
+
+const (
+	catSmallMask = 0x3
+	catBigMask   = 0xF8
+	indexShift   = 3
+	xorBit       = 0x4    // interpret the index as an xor pattern
+	inlineXOR    = 0xE000 // These bits are set if the XOR pattern is inlined.
+
+	joinShift = 8
+	joinMask  = 0x07
+
+	// Attributes
+	attributesMask = 0x1800
+	viramaModifier = 0x1800
+	modifier       = 0x1000
+	rtl            = 0x0800
+
+	mayNeedNorm = 0x2000
+)
+
+// A category corresponds to a category defined in the IDNA mapping table.
+type category uint16
+
+const (
+	unknown              category = 0 // not currently defined in unicode.
+	mapped               category = 1
+	disallowedSTD3Mapped category = 2
+	deviation            category = 3
+)
+
+const (
+	valid               category = 0x08
+	validNV8            category = 0x18
+	validXV8            category = 0x28
+	disallowed          category = 0x40
+	disallowedSTD3Valid category = 0x80
+	ignored             category = 0xC0
+)
+
+// join types and additional rune information
+const (
+	joiningL = (iota + 1)
+	joiningD
+	joiningT
+	joiningR
+
+	//the following types are derived during processing
+	joinZWJ
+	joinZWNJ
+	joinVirama
+	numJoinTypes
+)
+
+func (c info) isMapped() bool {
+	return c&0x3 != 0
+}
+
+func (c info) category() category {
+	small := c & catSmallMask
+	if small != 0 {
+		return category(small)
+	}
+	return category(c & catBigMask)
+}
+
+func (c info) joinType() info {
+	if c.isMapped() {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return (c >> joinShift) & joinMask
+}
+
+func (c info) isModifier() bool {
+	return c&(modifier|catSmallMask) == modifier
+}
+
+func (c info) isViramaModifier() bool {
+	return c&(attributesMask|catSmallMask) == viramaModifier
+}

data/ext/vendor/golang.org/x/text/internal/export/idna/idna.go

@@ -0,0 +1,717 @@
+// Copyright 2016 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:generate go run gen.go gen_trieval.go gen_common.go
+
+// Package idna implements IDNA2008 using the compatibility processing
+// defined by UTS (Unicode Technical Standard) #46, which defines a standard to
+// deal with the transition from IDNA2003.
+//
+// IDNA2008 (Internationalized Domain Names for Applications), is defined in RFC
+// 5890, RFC 5891, RFC 5892, RFC 5893 and RFC 5894.
+// UTS #46 is defined in http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr46.
+// See http://unicode.org/cldr/utility/idna.jsp for a visualization of the
+// differences between these two standards.
+package idna // import "golang.org/x/text/internal/export/idna"
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"unicode/utf8"
+
+	"golang.org/x/text/secure/bidirule"
+	"golang.org/x/text/unicode/bidi"
+	"golang.org/x/text/unicode/norm"
+)
+
+// NOTE: Unlike common practice in Go APIs, the functions will return a
+// sanitized domain name in case of errors. Browsers sometimes use a partially
+// evaluated string as lookup.
+// TODO: the current error handling is, in my opinion, the least opinionated.
+// Other strategies are also viable, though:
+// Option 1) Return an empty string in case of error, but allow the user to
+//    specify explicitly which errors to ignore.
+// Option 2) Return the partially evaluated string if it is itself a valid
+//    string, otherwise return the empty string in case of error.
+// Option 3) Option 1 and 2.
+// Option 4) Always return an empty string for now and implement Option 1 as
+//    needed, and document that the return string may not be empty in case of
+//    error in the future.
+// I think Option 1 is best, but it is quite opinionated.
+
+// ToASCII is a wrapper for Punycode.ToASCII.
+func ToASCII(s string) (string, error) {
+	return Punycode.process(s, true)
+}
+
+// ToUnicode is a wrapper for Punycode.ToUnicode.
+func ToUnicode(s string) (string, error) {
+	return Punycode.process(s, false)
+}
+
+// An Option configures a Profile at creation time.
+type Option func(*options)
+
+// Transitional sets a Profile to use the Transitional mapping as defined in UTS
+// #46. This will cause, for example, "ß" to be mapped to "ss". Using the
+// transitional mapping provides a compromise between IDNA2003 and IDNA2008
+// compatibility. It is used by most browsers when resolving domain names. This
+// option is only meaningful if combined with MapForLookup.
+func Transitional(transitional bool) Option {
+	return func(o *options) { o.transitional = true }
+}
+
+// VerifyDNSLength sets whether a Profile should fail if any of the IDN parts
+// are longer than allowed by the RFC.
+func VerifyDNSLength(verify bool) Option {
+	return func(o *options) { o.verifyDNSLength = verify }
+}
+
+// RemoveLeadingDots removes leading label separators. Leading runes that map to
+// dots, such as U+3002 IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP, are removed as well.
+//
+// This is the behavior suggested by the UTS #46 and is adopted by some
+// browsers.
+func RemoveLeadingDots(remove bool) Option {
+	return func(o *options) { o.removeLeadingDots = remove }
+}
+
+// ValidateLabels sets whether to check the mandatory label validation criteria
+// as defined in Section 5.4 of RFC 5891. This includes testing for correct use
+// of hyphens ('-'), normalization, validity of runes, and the context rules.
+func ValidateLabels(enable bool) Option {
+	return func(o *options) {
+		// Don't override existing mappings, but set one that at least checks
+		// normalization if it is not set.
+		if o.mapping == nil && enable {
+			o.mapping = normalize
+		}
+		o.trie = trie
+		o.validateLabels = enable
+		o.fromPuny = validateFromPunycode
+	}
+}
+
+// StrictDomainName limits the set of permissible ASCII characters to those
+// allowed in domain names as defined in RFC 1034 (A-Z, a-z, 0-9 and the
+// hyphen). This is set by default for MapForLookup and ValidateForRegistration.
+//
+// This option is useful, for instance, for browsers that allow characters
+// outside this range, for example a '_' (U+005F LOW LINE). See
+// http://www.rfc-editor.org/std/std3.txt for more details This option
+// corresponds to the UseSTD3ASCIIRules option in UTS #46.
+func StrictDomainName(use bool) Option {
+	return func(o *options) {
+		o.trie = trie
+		o.useSTD3Rules = use
+		o.fromPuny = validateFromPunycode
+	}
+}
+
+// NOTE: the following options pull in tables. The tables should not be linked
+// in as long as the options are not used.
+
+// BidiRule enables the Bidi rule as defined in RFC 5893. Any application
+// that relies on proper validation of labels should include this rule.
+func BidiRule() Option {
+	return func(o *options) { o.bidirule = bidirule.ValidString }
+}
+
+// ValidateForRegistration sets validation options to verify that a given IDN is
+// properly formatted for registration as defined by Section 4 of RFC 5891.
+func ValidateForRegistration() Option {
+	return func(o *options) {
+		o.mapping = validateRegistration
+		StrictDomainName(true)(o)
+		ValidateLabels(true)(o)
+		VerifyDNSLength(true)(o)
+		BidiRule()(o)
+	}
+}
+
+// MapForLookup sets validation and mapping options such that a given IDN is
+// transformed for domain name lookup according to the requirements set out in
+// Section 5 of RFC 5891. The mappings follow the recommendations of RFC 5894,
+// RFC 5895 and UTS 46. It does not add the Bidi Rule. Use the BidiRule option
+// to add this check.
+//
+// The mappings include normalization and mapping case, width and other
+// compatibility mappings.
+func MapForLookup() Option {
+	return func(o *options) {
+		o.mapping = validateAndMap
+		StrictDomainName(true)(o)
+		ValidateLabels(true)(o)
+	}
+}
+
+type options struct {
+	transitional      bool
+	useSTD3Rules      bool
+	validateLabels    bool
+	verifyDNSLength   bool
+	removeLeadingDots bool
+
+	trie *idnaTrie
+
+	// fromPuny calls validation rules when converting A-labels to U-labels.
+	fromPuny func(p *Profile, s string) error
+
+	// mapping implements a validation and mapping step as defined in RFC 5895
+	// or UTS 46, tailored to, for example, domain registration or lookup.
+	mapping func(p *Profile, s string) (mapped string, isBidi bool, err error)
+
+	// bidirule, if specified, checks whether s conforms to the Bidi Rule
+	// defined in RFC 5893.
+	bidirule func(s string) bool
+}
+
+// A Profile defines the configuration of an IDNA mapper.
+type Profile struct {
+	options
+}
+
+func apply(o *options, opts []Option) {
+	for _, f := range opts {
+		f(o)
+	}
+}
+
+// New creates a new Profile.
+//
+// With no options, the returned Profile is the most permissive and equals the
+// Punycode Profile. Options can be passed to further restrict the Profile. The
+// MapForLookup and ValidateForRegistration options set a collection of options,
+// for lookup and registration purposes respectively, which can be tailored by
+// adding more fine-grained options, where later options override earlier
+// options.
+func New(o ...Option) *Profile {
+	p := &Profile{}
+	apply(&p.options, o)
+	return p
+}
+
+// ToASCII converts a domain or domain label to its ASCII form. For example,
+// ToASCII("bücher.example.com") is "xn--bcher-kva.example.com", and
+// ToASCII("golang") is "golang". If an error is encountered it will return
+// an error and a (partially) processed result.
+func (p *Profile) ToASCII(s string) (string, error) {
+	return p.process(s, true)
+}
+
+// ToUnicode converts a domain or domain label to its Unicode form. For example,
+// ToUnicode("xn--bcher-kva.example.com") is "bücher.example.com", and
+// ToUnicode("golang") is "golang". If an error is encountered it will return
+// an error and a (partially) processed result.
+func (p *Profile) ToUnicode(s string) (string, error) {
+	pp := *p
+	pp.transitional = false
+	return pp.process(s, false)
+}
+
+// String reports a string with a description of the profile for debugging
+// purposes. The string format may change with different versions.
+func (p *Profile) String() string {
+	s := ""
+	if p.transitional {
+		s = "Transitional"
+	} else {
+		s = "NonTransitional"
+	}
+	if p.useSTD3Rules {
+		s += ":UseSTD3Rules"
+	}
+	if p.validateLabels {
+		s += ":ValidateLabels"
+	}
+	if p.verifyDNSLength {
+		s += ":VerifyDNSLength"
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
+var (
+	// Punycode is a Profile that does raw punycode processing with a minimum
+	// of validation.
+	Punycode *Profile = punycode
+
+	// Lookup is the recommended profile for looking up domain names, according
+	// to Section 5 of RFC 5891. The exact configuration of this profile may
+	// change over time.
+	Lookup *Profile = lookup
+
+	// Display is the recommended profile for displaying domain names.
+	// The configuration of this profile may change over time.
+	Display *Profile = display
+
+	// Registration is the recommended profile for checking whether a given
+	// IDN is valid for registration, according to Section 4 of RFC 5891.
+	Registration *Profile = registration
+
+	punycode = &Profile{}
+	lookup   = &Profile{options{
+		transitional:   true,
+		useSTD3Rules:   true,
+		validateLabels: true,
+		trie:           trie,
+		fromPuny:       validateFromPunycode,
+		mapping:        validateAndMap,
+		bidirule:       bidirule.ValidString,
+	}}
+	display = &Profile{options{
+		useSTD3Rules:   true,
+		validateLabels: true,
+		trie:           trie,
+		fromPuny:       validateFromPunycode,
+		mapping:        validateAndMap,
+		bidirule:       bidirule.ValidString,
+	}}
+	registration = &Profile{options{
+		useSTD3Rules:    true,
+		validateLabels:  true,
+		verifyDNSLength: true,
+		trie:            trie,
+		fromPuny:        validateFromPunycode,
+		mapping:         validateRegistration,
+		bidirule:        bidirule.ValidString,
+	}}
+
+	// TODO: profiles
+	// Register: recommended for approving domain names: don't do any mappings
+	// but rather reject on invalid input. Bundle or block deviation characters.
+)
+
+type labelError struct{ label, code_ string }
+
+func (e labelError) code() string { return e.code_ }
+func (e labelError) Error() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("idna: invalid label %q", e.label)
+}
+
+type runeError rune
+
+func (e runeError) code() string { return "P1" }
+func (e runeError) Error() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("idna: disallowed rune %U", e)
+}
+
+// process implements the algorithm described in section 4 of UTS #46,
+// see http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr46.
+func (p *Profile) process(s string, toASCII bool) (string, error) {
+	var err error
+	var isBidi bool
+	if p.mapping != nil {
+		s, isBidi, err = p.mapping(p, s)
+	}
+	// Remove leading empty labels.
+	if p.removeLeadingDots {
+		for ; len(s) > 0 && s[0] == '.'; s = s[1:] {
+		}
+	}
+	// TODO: allow for a quick check the tables data.
+	// It seems like we should only create this error on ToASCII, but the
+	// UTS 46 conformance tests suggests we should always check this.
+	if err == nil && p.verifyDNSLength && s == "" {
+		err = &labelError{s, "A4"}
+	}
+	labels := labelIter{orig: s}
+	for ; !labels.done(); labels.next() {
+		label := labels.label()
+		if label == "" {
+			// Empty labels are not okay. The label iterator skips the last
+			// label if it is empty.
+			if err == nil && p.verifyDNSLength {
+				err = &labelError{s, "A4"}
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		if strings.HasPrefix(label, acePrefix) {
+			u, err2 := decode(label[len(acePrefix):])
+			if err2 != nil {
+				if err == nil {
+					err = err2
+				}
+				// Spec says keep the old label.
+				continue
+			}
+			isBidi = isBidi || bidirule.DirectionString(u) != bidi.LeftToRight
+			labels.set(u)
+			if err == nil && p.validateLabels {
+				err = p.fromPuny(p, u)
+			}
+			if err == nil {
+				// This should be called on NonTransitional, according to the
+				// spec, but that currently does not have any effect. Use the
+				// original profile to preserve options.
+				err = p.validateLabel(u)
+			}
+		} else if err == nil {
+			err = p.validateLabel(label)
+		}
+	}
+	if isBidi && p.bidirule != nil && err == nil {
+		for labels.reset(); !labels.done(); labels.next() {
+			if !p.bidirule(labels.label()) {
+				err = &labelError{s, "B"}
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if toASCII {
+		for labels.reset(); !labels.done(); labels.next() {
+			label := labels.label()
+			if !ascii(label) {
+				a, err2 := encode(acePrefix, label)
+				if err == nil {
+					err = err2
+				}
+				label = a
+				labels.set(a)
+			}
+			n := len(label)
+			if p.verifyDNSLength && err == nil && (n == 0 || n > 63) {
+				err = &labelError{label, "A4"}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	s = labels.result()
+	if toASCII && p.verifyDNSLength && err == nil {
+		// Compute the length of the domain name minus the root label and its dot.
+		n := len(s)
+		if n > 0 && s[n-1] == '.' {
+			n--
+		}
+		if len(s) < 1 || n > 253 {
+			err = &labelError{s, "A4"}
+		}
+	}
+	return s, err
+}
+
+func normalize(p *Profile, s string) (mapped string, isBidi bool, err error) {
+	// TODO: consider first doing a quick check to see if any of these checks
+	// need to be done. This will make it slower in the general case, but
+	// faster in the common case.
+	mapped = norm.NFC.String(s)
+	isBidi = bidirule.DirectionString(mapped) == bidi.RightToLeft
+	return mapped, isBidi, nil
+}
+
+func validateRegistration(p *Profile, s string) (idem string, bidi bool, err error) {
+	// TODO: filter need for normalization in loop below.
+	if !norm.NFC.IsNormalString(s) {
+		return s, false, &labelError{s, "V1"}
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < len(s); {
+		v, sz := trie.lookupString(s[i:])
+		bidi = bidi || info(v).isBidi(s[i:])
+		// Copy bytes not copied so far.
+		switch p.simplify(info(v).category()) {
+		// TODO: handle the NV8 defined in the Unicode idna data set to allow
+		// for strict conformance to IDNA2008.
+		case valid, deviation:
+		case disallowed, mapped, unknown, ignored:
+			r, _ := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(s[i:])
+			return s, bidi, runeError(r)
+		}
+		i += sz
+	}
+	return s, bidi, nil
+}
+
+func (c info) isBidi(s string) bool {
+	if !c.isMapped() {
+		return c&attributesMask == rtl
+	}
+	// TODO: also store bidi info for mapped data. This is possible, but a bit
+	// cumbersome and not for the common case.
+	p, _ := bidi.LookupString(s)
+	switch p.Class() {
+	case bidi.R, bidi.AL, bidi.AN:
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func validateAndMap(p *Profile, s string) (vm string, bidi bool, err error) {
+	var (
+		b []byte
+		k int
+	)
+	// combinedInfoBits contains the or-ed bits of all runes. We use this
+	// to derive the mayNeedNorm bit later. This may trigger normalization
+	// overeagerly, but it will not do so in the common case. The end result
+	// is another 10% saving on BenchmarkProfile for the common case.
+	var combinedInfoBits info
+	for i := 0; i < len(s); {
+		v, sz := trie.lookupString(s[i:])
+		combinedInfoBits |= info(v)
+		bidi = bidi || info(v).isBidi(s[i:])
+		start := i
+		i += sz
+		// Copy bytes not copied so far.
+		switch p.simplify(info(v).category()) {
+		case valid:
+			continue
+		case disallowed:
+			if err == nil {
+				r, _ := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(s[start:])
+				err = runeError(r)
+			}
+			continue
+		case mapped, deviation:
+			b = append(b, s[k:start]...)
+			b = info(v).appendMapping(b, s[start:i])
+		case ignored:
+			b = append(b, s[k:start]...)
+			// drop the rune
+		case unknown:
+			b = append(b, s[k:start]...)
+			b = append(b, "\ufffd"...)
+		}
+		k = i
+	}
+	if k == 0 {
+		// No changes so far.
+		if combinedInfoBits&mayNeedNorm != 0 {
+			s = norm.NFC.String(s)
+		}
+	} else {
+		b = append(b, s[k:]...)
+		if norm.NFC.QuickSpan(b) != len(b) {
+			b = norm.NFC.Bytes(b)
+		}
+		// TODO: the punycode converters require strings as input.
+		s = string(b)
+	}
+	return s, bidi, err
+}
+
+// A labelIter allows iterating over domain name labels.
+type labelIter struct {
+	orig     string
+	slice    []string
+	curStart int
+	curEnd   int
+	i        int
+}
+
+func (l *labelIter) reset() {
+	l.curStart = 0
+	l.curEnd = 0
+	l.i = 0
+}
+
+func (l *labelIter) done() bool {
+	return l.curStart >= len(l.orig)
+}
+
+func (l *labelIter) result() string {
+	if l.slice != nil {
+		return strings.Join(l.slice, ".")
+	}
+	return l.orig
+}
+
+func (l *labelIter) label() string {
+	if l.slice != nil {
+		return l.slice[l.i]
+	}
+	p := strings.IndexByte(l.orig[l.curStart:], '.')
+	l.curEnd = l.curStart + p
+	if p == -1 {
+		l.curEnd = len(l.orig)
+	}
+	return l.orig[l.curStart:l.curEnd]
+}
+
+// next sets the value to the next label. It skips the last label if it is empty.
+func (l *labelIter) next() {
+	l.i++
+	if l.slice != nil {
+		if l.i >= len(l.slice) || l.i == len(l.slice)-1 && l.slice[l.i] == "" {
+			l.curStart = len(l.orig)
+		}
+	} else {
+		l.curStart = l.curEnd + 1
+		if l.curStart == len(l.orig)-1 && l.orig[l.curStart] == '.' {
+			l.curStart = len(l.orig)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (l *labelIter) set(s string) {
+	if l.slice == nil {
+		l.slice = strings.Split(l.orig, ".")
+	}
+	l.slice[l.i] = s
+}
+
+// acePrefix is the ASCII Compatible Encoding prefix.
+const acePrefix = "xn--"
+
+func (p *Profile) simplify(cat category) category {
+	switch cat {
+	case disallowedSTD3Mapped:
+		if p.useSTD3Rules {
+			cat = disallowed
+		} else {
+			cat = mapped
+		}
+	case disallowedSTD3Valid:
+		if p.useSTD3Rules {
+			cat = disallowed
+		} else {
+			cat = valid
+		}
+	case deviation:
+		if !p.transitional {
+			cat = valid
+		}
+	case validNV8, validXV8:
+		// TODO: handle V2008
+		cat = valid
+	}
+	return cat
+}
+
+func validateFromPunycode(p *Profile, s string) error {
+	if !norm.NFC.IsNormalString(s) {
+		return &labelError{s, "V1"}
+	}
+	// TODO: detect whether string may have to be normalized in the following
+	// loop.
+	for i := 0; i < len(s); {
+		v, sz := trie.lookupString(s[i:])
+		if c := p.simplify(info(v).category()); c != valid && c != deviation {
+			return &labelError{s, "V6"}
+		}
+		i += sz
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+const (
+	zwnj = "\u200c"
+	zwj  = "\u200d"
+)
+
+type joinState int8
+
+const (
+	stateStart joinState = iota
+	stateVirama
+	stateBefore
+	stateBeforeVirama
+	stateAfter
+	stateFAIL
+)
+
+var joinStates = [][numJoinTypes]joinState{
+	stateStart: {
+		joiningL:   stateBefore,
+		joiningD:   stateBefore,
+		joinZWNJ:   stateFAIL,
+		joinZWJ:    stateFAIL,
+		joinVirama: stateVirama,
+	},
+	stateVirama: {
+		joiningL: stateBefore,
+		joiningD: stateBefore,
+	},
+	stateBefore: {
+		joiningL:   stateBefore,
+		joiningD:   stateBefore,
+		joiningT:   stateBefore,
+		joinZWNJ:   stateAfter,
+		joinZWJ:    stateFAIL,
+		joinVirama: stateBeforeVirama,
+	},
+	stateBeforeVirama: {
+		joiningL: stateBefore,
+		joiningD: stateBefore,
+		joiningT: stateBefore,
+	},
+	stateAfter: {
+		joiningL:   stateFAIL,
+		joiningD:   stateBefore,
+		joiningT:   stateAfter,
+		joiningR:   stateStart,
+		joinZWNJ:   stateFAIL,
+		joinZWJ:    stateFAIL,
+		joinVirama: stateAfter, // no-op as we can't accept joiners here
+	},
+	stateFAIL: {
+		0:          stateFAIL,
+		joiningL:   stateFAIL,
+		joiningD:   stateFAIL,
+		joiningT:   stateFAIL,
+		joiningR:   stateFAIL,
+		joinZWNJ:   stateFAIL,
+		joinZWJ:    stateFAIL,
+		joinVirama: stateFAIL,
+	},
+}
+
+// validateLabel validates the criteria from Section 4.1. Item 1, 4, and 6 are
+// already implicitly satisfied by the overall implementation.
+func (p *Profile) validateLabel(s string) (err error) {
+	if s == "" {
+		if p.verifyDNSLength {
+			return &labelError{s, "A4"}
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	if !p.validateLabels {
+		return nil
+	}
+	trie := p.trie // p.validateLabels is only set if trie is set.
+	if len(s) > 4 && s[2] == '-' && s[3] == '-' {
+		return &labelError{s, "V2"}
+	}
+	if s[0] == '-' || s[len(s)-1] == '-' {
+		return &labelError{s, "V3"}
+	}
+	// TODO: merge the use of this in the trie.
+	v, sz := trie.lookupString(s)
+	x := info(v)
+	if x.isModifier() {
+		return &labelError{s, "V5"}
+	}
+	// Quickly return in the absence of zero-width (non) joiners.
+	if strings.Index(s, zwj) == -1 && strings.Index(s, zwnj) == -1 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	st := stateStart
+	for i := 0; ; {
+		jt := x.joinType()
+		if s[i:i+sz] == zwj {
+			jt = joinZWJ
+		} else if s[i:i+sz] == zwnj {
+			jt = joinZWNJ
+		}
+		st = joinStates[st][jt]
+		if x.isViramaModifier() {
+			st = joinStates[st][joinVirama]
+		}
+		if i += sz; i == len(s) {
+			break
+		}
+		v, sz = trie.lookupString(s[i:])
+		x = info(v)
+	}
+	if st == stateFAIL || st == stateAfter {
+		return &labelError{s, "C"}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func ascii(s string) bool {
+	for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ {
+		if s[i] >= utf8.RuneSelf {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}