ires 0.1.3 → 0.1.4

data/ext/vendor/golang.org/x/text/message/catalog/catalog_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+// Copyright 2017 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package catalog
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+
+	"golang.org/x/text/internal"
+	"golang.org/x/text/internal/catmsg"
+	"golang.org/x/text/language"
+)
+
+type entry struct {
+	tag, key string
+	msg      interface{}
+}
+
+var testCases = []struct {
+	desc   string
+	cat    []entry
+	lookup []entry
+}{{
+	desc: "empty catalog",
+	lookup: []entry{
+		{"en", "key", ""},
+		{"en", "", ""},
+		{"nl", "", ""},
+	},
+}, {
+	desc: "one entry",
+	cat: []entry{
+		{"en", "hello", "Hello!"},
+	},
+	lookup: []entry{
+		{"und", "hello", ""},
+		{"nl", "hello", ""},
+		{"en", "hello", "Hello!"},
+		{"en-US", "hello", "Hello!"},
+		{"en-GB", "hello", "Hello!"},
+		{"en-oxendict", "hello", "Hello!"},
+		{"en-oxendict-u-ms-metric", "hello", "Hello!"},
+	},
+}, {
+	desc: "hierarchical languages",
+	cat: []entry{
+		{"en", "hello", "Hello!"},
+		{"en-GB", "hello", "Hellø!"},
+		{"en-US", "hello", "Howdy!"},
+		{"en", "greetings", "Greetings!"},
+	},
+	lookup: []entry{
+		{"und", "hello", ""},
+		{"nl", "hello", ""},
+		{"en", "hello", "Hello!"},
+		{"en-US", "hello", "Howdy!"},
+		{"en-GB", "hello", "Hellø!"},
+		{"en-oxendict", "hello", "Hello!"},
+		{"en-US-oxendict-u-ms-metric", "hello", "Howdy!"},
+
+		{"und", "greetings", ""},
+		{"nl", "greetings", ""},
+		{"en", "greetings", "Greetings!"},
+		{"en-US", "greetings", "Greetings!"},
+		{"en-GB", "greetings", "Greetings!"},
+		{"en-oxendict", "greetings", "Greetings!"},
+		{"en-US-oxendict-u-ms-metric", "greetings", "Greetings!"},
+	},
+}, {
+	desc: "variables",
+	cat: []entry{
+		{"en", "hello %s", []Message{
+			Var("person", String("Jane")),
+			String("Hello ${person}!"),
+		}},
+		{"en", "hello error", []Message{
+			Var("person", String("Jane")),
+			noMatchMessage{}, // trigger sequence path.
+			String("Hello ${person."),
+		}},
+		{"en", "fallback to var value", []Message{
+			Var("you", noMatchMessage{}, noMatchMessage{}),
+			String("Hello ${you}."),
+		}},
+		{"en", "scopes", []Message{
+			Var("person1", String("Mark")),
+			Var("person2", String("Jane")),
+			Var("couple",
+				Var("person1", String("Joe")),
+				String("${person1} and ${person2}")),
+			String("Hello ${couple}."),
+		}},
+		{"en", "missing var", String("Hello ${missing}.")},
+	},
+	lookup: []entry{
+		{"en", "hello %s", "Hello Jane!"},
+		{"en", "hello error", "Hello $!(MISSINGBRACE)"},
+		{"en", "fallback to var value", "Hello you."},
+		{"en", "scopes", "Hello Joe and Jane."},
+		{"en", "missing var", "Hello missing."},
+	},
+}, {
+	desc: "macros",
+	cat: []entry{
+		{"en", "macro1", String("Hello ${macro1(1)}.")},
+		{"en", "macro2", String("Hello ${ macro1(2) }!")},
+		{"en", "macroWS", String("Hello ${ macro1( 2 ) }!")},
+		{"en", "missing", String("Hello ${ missing(1 }.")},
+		{"en", "badnum", String("Hello ${ badnum(1b) }.")},
+		{"en", "undefined", String("Hello ${ undefined(1) }.")},
+		{"en", "macroU", String("Hello ${ macroU(2) }!")},
+	},
+	lookup: []entry{
+		{"en", "macro1", "Hello Joe."},
+		{"en", "macro2", "Hello Joe!"},
+		{"en-US", "macroWS", "Hello Joe!"},
+		{"en-NL", "missing", "Hello $!(MISSINGPAREN)."},
+		{"en", "badnum", "Hello $!(BADNUM)."},
+		{"en", "undefined", "Hello undefined."},
+		{"en", "macroU", "Hello macroU!"},
+	}}}
+
+func initCat(entries []entry) (*Catalog, []language.Tag) {
+	tags := []language.Tag{}
+	cat := New()
+	for _, e := range entries {
+		tag := language.MustParse(e.tag)
+		tags = append(tags, tag)
+		switch msg := e.msg.(type) {
+		case string:
+			cat.SetString(tag, e.key, msg)
+		case Message:
+			cat.Set(tag, e.key, msg)
+		case []Message:
+			cat.Set(tag, e.key, msg...)
+		}
+	}
+	return cat, internal.UniqueTags(tags)
+}
+
+func TestCatalog(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%s", tc.desc), func(t *testing.T) {
+			cat, wantTags := initCat(tc.cat)
+			cat.SetMacro(language.English, "macro1", String("Joe"))
+			cat.SetMacro(language.Und, "macro2", String("${macro1(1)}"))
+			cat.SetMacro(language.English, "macroU", noMatchMessage{})
+
+			if got := cat.Languages(); !reflect.DeepEqual(got, wantTags) {
+				t.Errorf("%s:Languages: got %v; want %v", tc.desc, got, wantTags)
+			}
+
+			for _, e := range tc.lookup {
+				t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", e.tag, e.key), func(t *testing.T) {
+					tag := language.MustParse(e.tag)
+					buf := testRenderer{}
+					ctx := cat.Context(tag, &buf)
+					want := e.msg.(string)
+					err := ctx.Execute(e.key)
+					gotFound := err != ErrNotFound
+					wantFound := want != ""
+					if gotFound != wantFound {
+						t.Fatalf("err: got %v (%v); want %v", gotFound, err, wantFound)
+					}
+					if got := buf.buf.String(); got != want {
+						t.Errorf("Lookup:\ngot  %q\nwant %q", got, want)
+					}
+				})
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+type testRenderer struct {
+	buf bytes.Buffer
+}
+
+func (f *testRenderer) Arg(i int) interface{} { return nil }
+func (f *testRenderer) Render(s string)       { f.buf.WriteString(s) }
+
+var msgNoMatch = catmsg.Register("no match", func(d *catmsg.Decoder) bool {
+	return false // no match
+})
+
+type noMatchMessage struct{}
+
+func (noMatchMessage) Compile(e *catmsg.Encoder) error {
+	e.EncodeMessageType(msgNoMatch)
+	return catmsg.ErrIncomplete
+}

data/ext/vendor/golang.org/x/text/message/catalog/dict.go

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+// Copyright 2017 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package catalog
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+
+	"golang.org/x/text/internal"
+	"golang.org/x/text/internal/catmsg"
+	"golang.org/x/text/language"
+)
+
+// TODO:
+// Dictionary returns a Dictionary that returns the first Message, using the
+// given language tag, that matches:
+//   1. the last one registered by one of the Set methods
+//   2. returned by one of the Loaders
+//   3. repeat from 1. using the parent language
+// This approach allows messages to be underspecified.
+// func (c *Catalog) Dictionary(tag language.Tag) (Dictionary, error) {
+// 	// TODO: verify dictionary exists.
+// 	return &dict{&c.index, tag}, nil
+// }
+
+type dict struct {
+	s   *store
+	tag language.Tag // TODO: make compact tag.
+}
+
+func (d *dict) Lookup(key string) (data string, ok bool) {
+	return d.s.lookup(d.tag, key)
+}
+
+func (c *Catalog) set(tag language.Tag, key string, s *store, msg ...Message) error {
+	data, err := catmsg.Compile(tag, &dict{&c.macros, tag}, firstInSequence(msg))
+
+	s.mutex.Lock()
+	defer s.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	m := s.index[tag]
+	if m == nil {
+		m = msgMap{}
+		if s.index == nil {
+			s.index = map[language.Tag]msgMap{}
+		}
+		s.index[tag] = m
+	}
+
+	m[key] = data
+	return err
+}
+
+type store struct {
+	mutex sync.RWMutex
+	index map[language.Tag]msgMap
+}
+
+type msgMap map[string]string
+
+func (s *store) lookup(tag language.Tag, key string) (data string, ok bool) {
+	s.mutex.RLock()
+	defer s.mutex.RUnlock()
+
+	for ; ; tag = tag.Parent() {
+		if msgs, ok := s.index[tag]; ok {
+			if msg, ok := msgs[key]; ok {
+				return msg, true
+			}
+		}
+		if tag == language.Und {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	return "", false
+}
+
+// Languages returns all languages for which the store contains variants.
+func (s *store) languages() []language.Tag {
+	s.mutex.RLock()
+	defer s.mutex.RUnlock()
+
+	tags := make([]language.Tag, 0, len(s.index))
+	for t := range s.index {
+		tags = append(tags, t)
+	}
+	internal.SortTags(tags)
+	return tags
+}

data/ext/vendor/golang.org/x/text/message/doc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+// Copyright 2017 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// Package message implements formatted I/O for localized strings with functions
+// analogous to the fmt's print functions. It is a drop-in replacement for fmt.
+//
+//
+// Localized Formatting
+//
+// A format string can be localized by replacing any of the print functions of
+// fmt with an equivalent call to a Printer.
+//
+//    p := message.NewPrinter(language.English)
+//    p.Println(123456.78) // Prints 123,456.78
+//
+//    p.Printf("%d ducks in a row", 4331) // Prints 4,331 ducks in a row
+//
+//    p := message.NewPrinter(language.Dutch)
+//    p.Println("Hoogte: %f meter", 1244.9) // Prints Hoogte: 1.244,9 meter
+//
+//    p := message.NewPrinter(language.Bengali)
+//    p.Println(123456.78) // Prints ১,২৩,৪৫৬.৭৮
+//
+// Printer currently supports numbers and specialized types for which packages
+// exist in x/text. Other builtin types such as time.Time and slices are
+// planned.
+//
+// Format strings largely have the same meaning as with fmt with the following
+// notable exceptions:
+//   - flag # always resorts to fmt for printing
+//   - verb 'f', 'e', 'g', 'd' use localized formatting unless the '#' flag is
+//     specified.
+//
+// See package fmt for more options.
+//
+//
+// Translation
+//
+// The format strings that are passed to Printf, Sprintf, Fprintf, or Errorf
+// are used as keys to look up translations for the specified languages.
+// More on how these need to be specified below.
+//
+// One can use arbitrary keys to distinguish between otherwise ambiguous
+// strings:
+//    p := message.NewPrinter(language.English)
+//    p.Printf("archive(noun)")  // Prints "archive"
+//    p.Printf("archive(verb)")  // Prints "archive"
+//
+//    p := message.NewPrinter(language.German)
+//    p.Printf("archive(noun)")  // Prints "Archiv"
+//    p.Printf("archive(verb)")  // Prints "archivieren"
+//
+// To retain the fallback functionality, use Key:
+//    p.Printf(message.Key("archive(noun)", "archive"))
+//    p.Printf(message.Key("archive(verb)", "archive"))
+//
+//
+// Translation Pipeline
+//
+// Format strings that contain text need to be translated to support different
+// locales. The first step is to extract strings that need to be translated.
+//
+// 1. Install gotext
+//    go get -u golang.org/x/text/cmd/gotext
+//    gotext -help
+//
+// 2. Mark strings in your source to be translated by using message.Printer,
+// instead of the functions of the fmt package.
+//
+// 3. Extract the strings from your source
+//
+//    gotext extract
+//
+// The output will be written to the textdata directory.
+//
+// 4. Send the files for translation
+//
+// It is planned to support multiple formats, but for now one will have to
+// rewrite the JSON output to the desired format.
+//
+// 5. Inject translations into program
+//
+// 6. Repeat from 2
+//
+// Right now this has to be done programmatically with calls to Set or
+// SetString. These functions as well as the methods defined in
+// see also package golang.org/x/text/message/catalog can be used to implement
+// either dynamic or static loading of messages.
+//
+//
+// Plural and Gender Forms
+//
+// Translated messages can vary based on the plural and gender forms of
+// substitution values. In general, it is up to the translators to provide
+// alternative translations for such forms. See the packages in
+// golang.org/x/text/feature and golang.org/x/text/message/catalog for more
+// information.
+//
+package message

data/ext/vendor/golang.org/x/text/message/examples_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Copyright 2017 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package message_test
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+
+	"golang.org/x/text/language"
+	"golang.org/x/text/message"
+)
+
+func Example_http() {
+	// languages supported by this service:
+	matcher := language.NewMatcher(message.DefaultCatalog.Languages())
+
+	http.HandleFunc("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		lang, _ := r.Cookie("lang")
+		accept := r.Header.Get("Accept-Language")
+		fallback := "en"
+		tag, _ := language.MatchStrings(matcher, lang.String(), accept, fallback)
+
+		p := message.NewPrinter(tag)
+
+		p.Fprintln(w, "User language is", tag)
+	})
+}
+
+func ExamplePrinter_numbers() {
+	for _, lang := range []string{"en", "de", "de-CH", "fr", "bn"} {
+		p := message.NewPrinter(language.Make(lang))
+		p.Printf("%-6s %g\n", lang, 123456.78)
+	}
+
+	// Output:
+	// en     123,456.78
+	// de     123.456,78
+	// de-CH  123’456.78
+	// fr     123 456,78
+	// bn     ১,২৩,৪৫৬.৭৮
+}

data/ext/vendor/golang.org/x/text/message/fmt_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,1889 @@
+// Copyright 2017 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package message
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"math"
+	"reflect"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"golang.org/x/text/language"
+)
+
+type (
+	renamedBool       bool
+	renamedInt        int
+	renamedInt8       int8
+	renamedInt16      int16
+	renamedInt32      int32
+	renamedInt64      int64
+	renamedUint       uint
+	renamedUint8      uint8
+	renamedUint16     uint16
+	renamedUint32     uint32
+	renamedUint64     uint64
+	renamedUintptr    uintptr
+	renamedString     string
+	renamedBytes      []byte
+	renamedFloat32    float32
+	renamedFloat64    float64
+	renamedComplex64  complex64
+	renamedComplex128 complex128
+)
+
+func TestFmtInterface(t *testing.T) {
+	p := NewPrinter(language.Und)
+	var i1 interface{}
+	i1 = "abc"
+	s := p.Sprintf("%s", i1)
+	if s != "abc" {
+		t.Errorf(`Sprintf("%%s", empty("abc")) = %q want %q`, s, "abc")
+	}
+}
+
+var (
+	NaN    = math.NaN()
+	posInf = math.Inf(1)
+	negInf = math.Inf(-1)
+
+	intVar = 0
+
+	array  = [5]int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
+	iarray = [4]interface{}{1, "hello", 2.5, nil}
+	slice  = array[:]
+	islice = iarray[:]
+)
+
+type A struct {
+	i int
+	j uint
+	s string
+	x []int
+}
+
+type I int
+
+func (i I) String() string {
+	p := NewPrinter(language.Und)
+	return p.Sprintf("<%d>", int(i))
+}
+
+type B struct {
+	I I
+	j int
+}
+
+type C struct {
+	i int
+	B
+}
+
+type F int
+
+func (f F) Format(s fmt.State, c rune) {
+	p := NewPrinter(language.Und)
+	p.Fprintf(s, "<%c=F(%d)>", c, int(f))
+}
+
+type G int
+
+func (g G) GoString() string {
+	p := NewPrinter(language.Und)
+	return p.Sprintf("GoString(%d)", int(g))
+}
+
+type S struct {
+	F F // a struct field that Formats
+	G G // a struct field that GoStrings
+}
+
+type SI struct {
+	I interface{}
+}
+
+// P is a type with a String method with pointer receiver for testing %p.
+type P int
+
+var pValue P
+
+func (p *P) String() string {
+	return "String(p)"
+}
+
+var barray = [5]renamedUint8{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
+var bslice = barray[:]
+
+type byteStringer byte
+
+func (byteStringer) String() string {
+	return "X"
+}
+
+var byteStringerSlice = []byteStringer{'h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o'}
+
+type byteFormatter byte
+
+func (byteFormatter) Format(f fmt.State, _ rune) {
+	p := NewPrinter(language.Und)
+	p.Fprint(f, "X")
+}
+
+var byteFormatterSlice = []byteFormatter{'h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o'}
+
+var fmtTests = []struct {
+	fmt string
+	val interface{}
+	out string
+}{
+	// The behavior of the following tests differs from that of the fmt package.
+
+	// Unlike with the fmt package, it is okay to have extra arguments for
+	// strings without format parameters. This is because it is impossible to
+	// distinguish between reordered or ordered format strings in this case.
+	// (For reordered format strings it is okay to not use arguments.)
+	{"", nil, ""},
+	{"", 2, ""},
+	{"no args", "hello", "no args"},
+
+	{"%017091901790959340919092959340919017929593813360", 0, "%!(NOVERB)"},
+	{"%184467440737095516170v", 0, "%!(NOVERB)"},
+	// Extra argument errors should format without flags set.
+	{"%010.2", "12345", "%!(NOVERB)"},
+
+	// Some key other differences, asides from localized values:
+	// - NaN values should not use affixes; so no signs (CLDR requirement)
+	// - Infinity uses patterns, so signs may be different (CLDR requirement)
+	// - The # flag is used to disable localization.
+
+	// All following tests are analogous to those of the fmt package, but with
+	// localized numbers when appropriate.
+	{"%d", 12345, "12,345"},
+	{"%v", 12345, "12,345"},
+	{"%t", true, "true"},
+
+	// basic string
+	{"%s", "abc", "abc"},
+	{"%q", "abc", `"abc"`},
+	{"%x", "abc", "616263"},
+	{"%x", "\xff\xf0\x0f\xff", "fff00fff"},
+	{"%X", "\xff\xf0\x0f\xff", "FFF00FFF"},
+	{"%x", "", ""},
+	{"% x", "", ""},
+	{"%#x", "", ""},
+	{"%# x", "", ""},
+	{"%x", "xyz", "78797a"},
+	{"%X", "xyz", "78797A"},
+	{"% x", "xyz", "78 79 7a"},
+	{"% X", "xyz", "78 79 7A"},
+	{"%#x", "xyz", "0x78797a"},
+	{"%#X", "xyz", "0X78797A"},
+	{"%# x", "xyz", "0x78 0x79 0x7a"},
+	{"%# X", "xyz", "0X78 0X79 0X7A"},
+
+	// basic bytes
+	{"%s", []byte("abc"), "abc"},
+	{"%s", [3]byte{'a', 'b', 'c'}, "abc"},
+	{"%s", &[3]byte{'a', 'b', 'c'}, "&abc"},
+	{"%q", []byte("abc"), `"abc"`},
+	{"%x", []byte("abc"), "616263"},
+	{"%x", []byte("\xff\xf0\x0f\xff"), "fff00fff"},
+	{"%X", []byte("\xff\xf0\x0f\xff"), "FFF00FFF"},
+	{"%x", []byte(""), ""},
+	{"% x", []byte(""), ""},
+	{"%#x", []byte(""), ""},
+	{"%# x", []byte(""), ""},
+	{"%x", []byte("xyz"), "78797a"},
+	{"%X", []byte("xyz"), "78797A"},
+	{"% x", []byte("xyz"), "78 79 7a"},
+	{"% X", []byte("xyz"), "78 79 7A"},
+	{"%#x", []byte("xyz"), "0x78797a"},
+	{"%#X", []byte("xyz"), "0X78797A"},
+	{"%# x", []byte("xyz"), "0x78 0x79 0x7a"},
+	{"%# X", []byte("xyz"), "0X78 0X79 0X7A"},
+
+	// escaped strings
+	{"%q", "", `""`},
+	{"%#q", "", "``"},
+	{"%q", "\"", `"\""`},
+	{"%#q", "\"", "`\"`"},
+	{"%q", "`", `"` + "`" + `"`},
+	{"%#q", "`", `"` + "`" + `"`},
+	{"%q", "\n", `"\n"`},
+	{"%#q", "\n", `"\n"`},
+	{"%q", `\n`, `"\\n"`},
+	{"%#q", `\n`, "`\\n`"},
+	{"%q", "abc", `"abc"`},
+	{"%#q", "abc", "`abc`"},
+	{"%q", "日本語", `"日本語"`},
+	{"%+q", "日本語", `"\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e"`},
+	{"%#q", "日本語", "`日本語`"},
+	{"%#+q", "日本語", "`日本語`"},
+	{"%q", "\a\b\f\n\r\t\v\"\\", `"\a\b\f\n\r\t\v\"\\"`},
+	{"%+q", "\a\b\f\n\r\t\v\"\\", `"\a\b\f\n\r\t\v\"\\"`},
+	{"%#q", "\a\b\f\n\r\t\v\"\\", `"\a\b\f\n\r\t\v\"\\"`},
+	{"%#+q", "\a\b\f\n\r\t\v\"\\", `"\a\b\f\n\r\t\v\"\\"`},
+	{"%q", "☺", `"☺"`},
+	{"% q", "☺", `"☺"`}, // The space modifier should have no effect.
+	{"%+q", "☺", `"\u263a"`},
+	{"%#q", "☺", "`☺`"},
+	{"%#+q", "☺", "`☺`"},
+	{"%10q", "⌘", `       "⌘"`},
+	{"%+10q", "⌘", `  "\u2318"`},
+	{"%-10q", "⌘", `"⌘"       `},
+	{"%+-10q", "⌘", `"\u2318"  `},
+	{"%010q", "⌘", `0000000"⌘"`},
+	{"%+010q", "⌘", `00"\u2318"`},
+	{"%-010q", "⌘", `"⌘"       `}, // 0 has no effect when - is present.
+	{"%+-010q", "⌘", `"\u2318"  `},
+	{"%#8q", "\n", `    "\n"`},
+	{"%#+8q", "\r", `    "\r"`},
+	{"%#-8q", "\t", "`	`     "},
+	{"%#+-8q", "\b", `"\b"    `},
+	{"%q", "abc\xffdef", `"abc\xffdef"`},
+	{"%+q", "abc\xffdef", `"abc\xffdef"`},
+	{"%#q", "abc\xffdef", `"abc\xffdef"`},
+	{"%#+q", "abc\xffdef", `"abc\xffdef"`},
+	// Runes that are not printable.
+	{"%q", "\U0010ffff", `"\U0010ffff"`},
+	{"%+q", "\U0010ffff", `"\U0010ffff"`},
+	{"%#q", "\U0010ffff", "`􏿿`"},
+	{"%#+q", "\U0010ffff", "`􏿿`"},
+	// Runes that are not valid.
+	{"%q", string(0x110000), `"�"`},
+	{"%+q", string(0x110000), `"\ufffd"`},
+	{"%#q", string(0x110000), "`�`"},
+	{"%#+q", string(0x110000), "`�`"},
+
+	// characters
+	{"%c", uint('x'), "x"},
+	{"%c", 0xe4, "ä"},
+	{"%c", 0x672c, "本"},
+	{"%c", '日', "日"},
+	{"%.0c", '⌘', "⌘"}, // Specifying precision should have no effect.
+	{"%3c", '⌘', "  ⌘"},
+	{"%-3c", '⌘', "⌘  "},
+	// Runes that are not printable.
+	{"%c", '\U00000e00', "\u0e00"},
+	{"%c", '\U0010ffff', "\U0010ffff"},
+	// Runes that are not valid.
+	{"%c", -1, "�"},
+	{"%c", 0xDC80, "�"},
+	{"%c", rune(0x110000), "�"},
+	{"%c", int64(0xFFFFFFFFF), "�"},
+	{"%c", uint64(0xFFFFFFFFF), "�"},
+
+	// escaped characters
+	{"%q", uint(0), `'\x00'`},
+	{"%+q", uint(0), `'\x00'`},
+	{"%q", '"', `'"'`},
+	{"%+q", '"', `'"'`},
+	{"%q", '\'', `'\''`},
+	{"%+q", '\'', `'\''`},
+	{"%q", '`', "'`'"},
+	{"%+q", '`', "'`'"},
+	{"%q", 'x', `'x'`},
+	{"%+q", 'x', `'x'`},
+	{"%q", 'ÿ', `'ÿ'`},
+	{"%+q", 'ÿ', `'\u00ff'`},
+	{"%q", '\n', `'\n'`},
+	{"%+q", '\n', `'\n'`},
+	{"%q", '☺', `'☺'`},
+	{"%+q", '☺', `'\u263a'`},
+	{"% q", '☺', `'☺'`},  // The space modifier should have no effect.
+	{"%.0q", '☺', `'☺'`}, // Specifying precision should have no effect.
+	{"%10q", '⌘', `       '⌘'`},
+	{"%+10q", '⌘', `  '\u2318'`},
+	{"%-10q", '⌘', `'⌘'       `},
+	{"%+-10q", '⌘', `'\u2318'  `},
+	{"%010q", '⌘', `0000000'⌘'`},
+	{"%+010q", '⌘', `00'\u2318'`},
+	{"%-010q", '⌘', `'⌘'       `}, // 0 has no effect when - is present.
+	{"%+-010q", '⌘', `'\u2318'  `},
+	// Runes that are not printable.
+	{"%q", '\U00000e00', `'\u0e00'`},
+	{"%q", '\U0010ffff', `'\U0010ffff'`},
+	// Runes that are not valid.
+	{"%q", int32(-1), "%!q(int32=-1)"},
+	{"%q", 0xDC80, `'�'`},
+	{"%q", rune(0x110000), "%!q(int32=1,114,112)"},
+	{"%q", int64(0xFFFFFFFFF), "%!q(int64=68,719,476,735)"},
+	{"%q", uint64(0xFFFFFFFFF), "%!q(uint64=68,719,476,735)"},
+
+	// width
+	{"%5s", "abc", "  abc"},
+	{"%2s", "\u263a", " ☺"},
+	{"%-5s", "abc", "abc  "},
+	{"%-8q", "abc", `"abc"   `},
+	{"%05s", "abc", "00abc"},
+	{"%08q", "abc", `000"abc"`},
+	{"%5s", "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"},
+	{"%.5s", "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", "abcde"},
+	{"%.0s", "日本語日本語", ""},
+	{"%.5s", "日本語日本語", "日本語日本"},
+	{"%.10s", "日本語日本語", "日本語日本語"},
+	{"%.5s", []byte("日本語日本語"), "日本語日本"},
+	{"%.5q", "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", `"abcde"`},
+	{"%.5x", "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", "6162636465"},
+	{"%.5q", []byte("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"), `"abcde"`},
+	{"%.5x", []byte("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"), "6162636465"},
+	{"%.3q", "日本語日本語", `"日本語"`},
+	{"%.3q", []byte("日本語日本語"), `"日本語"`},
+	{"%.1q", "日本語", `"日"`},
+	{"%.1q", []byte("日本語"), `"日"`},
+	{"%.1x", "日本語", "e6"},
+	{"%.1X", []byte("日本語"), "E6"},
+	{"%10.1q", "日本語日本語", `       "日"`},
+	{"%10v", nil, "     <nil>"},
+	{"%-10v", nil, "<nil>     "},
+
+	// integers
+	{"%d", uint(12345), "12,345"},
+	{"%d", int(-12345), "-12,345"},
+	{"%d", ^uint8(0), "255"},
+	{"%d", ^uint16(0), "65,535"},
+	{"%d", ^uint32(0), "4,294,967,295"},
+	{"%d", ^uint64(0), "18,446,744,073,709,551,615"},
+	{"%d", int8(-1 << 7), "-128"},
+	{"%d", int16(-1 << 15), "-32,768"},
+	{"%d", int32(-1 << 31), "-2,147,483,648"},
+	{"%d", int64(-1 << 63), "-9,223,372,036,854,775,808"},
+	{"%.d", 0, ""},
+	{"%.0d", 0, ""},
+	{"%6.0d", 0, "      "},
+	{"%06.0d", 0, "      "},
+	{"% d", 12345, " 12,345"},
+	{"%+d", 12345, "+12,345"},
+	{"%+d", -12345, "-12,345"},
+	{"%b", 7, "111"},
+	{"%b", -6, "-110"},
+	{"%b", ^uint32(0), "11111111111111111111111111111111"},
+	{"%b", ^uint64(0), "1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111"},
+	{"%b", int64(-1 << 63), zeroFill("-1", 63, "")},
+	{"%o", 01234, "1234"},
+	{"%#o", 01234, "01234"},
+	{"%o", ^uint32(0), "37777777777"},
+	{"%o", ^uint64(0), "1777777777777777777777"},
+	{"%#X", 0, "0X0"},
+	{"%x", 0x12abcdef, "12abcdef"},
+	{"%X", 0x12abcdef, "12ABCDEF"},
+	{"%x", ^uint32(0), "ffffffff"},
+	{"%X", ^uint64(0), "FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF"},
+	{"%.20b", 7, "00000000000000000111"},
+	{"%10d", 12345, "    12,345"},
+	{"%10d", -12345, "   -12,345"},
+	{"%+10d", 12345, "   +12,345"},
+	{"%010d", 12345, "0,000,012,345"},
+	{"%010d", -12345, "-0,000,012,345"},
+	{"%20.8d", 1234, "          00,001,234"},
+	{"%20.8d", -1234, "         -00,001,234"},
+	{"%020.8d", 1234, "          00,001,234"},
+	{"%020.8d", -1234, "         -00,001,234"},
+	{"%-20.8d", 1234, "00,001,234          "},
+	{"%-20.8d", -1234, "-00,001,234         "},
+	{"%-#20.8x", 0x1234abc, "0x01234abc          "},
+	{"%-#20.8X", 0x1234abc, "0X01234ABC          "},
+	{"%-#20.8o", 01234, "00001234            "},
+
+	// Test correct f.intbuf overflow checks.
+	{"%068d", 1, "00," + strings.Repeat("000,", 21) + "001"},
+	{"%068d", -1, "-00," + strings.Repeat("000,", 21) + "001"},
+	{"%#.68x", 42, zeroFill("0x", 68, "2a")},
+	{"%.68d", -42, "-00," + strings.Repeat("000,", 21) + "042"},
+	{"%+.68d", 42, "+00," + strings.Repeat("000,", 21) + "042"},
+	{"% .68d", 42, " 00," + strings.Repeat("000,", 21) + "042"},
+	{"% +.68d", 42, "+00," + strings.Repeat("000,", 21) + "042"},
+
+	// unicode format
+	{"%U", 0, "U+0000"},
+	{"%U", -1, "U+FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF"},
+	{"%U", '\n', `U+000A`},
+	{"%#U", '\n', `U+000A`},
+	{"%+U", 'x', `U+0078`},       // Plus flag should have no effect.
+	{"%# U", 'x', `U+0078 'x'`},  // Space flag should have no effect.
+	{"%#.2U", 'x', `U+0078 'x'`}, // Precisions below 4 should print 4 digits.
+	{"%U", '\u263a', `U+263A`},
+	{"%#U", '\u263a', `U+263A '☺'`},
+	{"%U", '\U0001D6C2', `U+1D6C2`},
+	{"%#U", '\U0001D6C2', `U+1D6C2 '𝛂'`},
+	{"%#14.6U", '⌘', "  U+002318 '⌘'"},
+	{"%#-14.6U", '⌘', "U+002318 '⌘'  "},
+	{"%#014.6U", '⌘', "  U+002318 '⌘'"},
+	{"%#-014.6U", '⌘', "U+002318 '⌘'  "},
+	{"%.68U", uint(42), zeroFill("U+", 68, "2A")},
+	{"%#.68U", '日', zeroFill("U+", 68, "65E5") + " '日'"},
+
+	// floats
+	{"%+.3e", 0.0, "+0.000\u202f×\u202f10⁰⁰"},
+	{"%+.3e", 1.0, "+1.000\u202f×\u202f10⁰⁰"},
+	{"%+.3f", -1.0, "-1.000"},
+	{"%+.3F", -1.0, "-1.000"},
+	{"%+.3F", float32(-1.0), "-1.000"},
+	{"%+07.2f", 1.0, "+001.00"},
+	{"%+07.2f", -1.0, "-001.00"},
+	{"%-07.2f", 1.0, "1.00   "},
+	{"%-07.2f", -1.0, "-1.00  "},
+	{"%+-07.2f", 1.0, "+1.00  "},
+	{"%+-07.2f", -1.0, "-1.00  "},
+	{"%-+07.2f", 1.0, "+1.00  "},
+	{"%-+07.2f", -1.0, "-1.00  "},
+	{"%+10.2f", +1.0, "     +1.00"},
+	{"%+10.2f", -1.0, "     -1.00"},
+	{"% .3E", -1.0, "-1.000\u202f×\u202f10⁰⁰"},
+	{"% .3e", 1.0, " 1.000\u202f×\u202f10⁰⁰"},
+	{"%+.3g", 0.0, "+0"},
+	{"%+.3g", 1.0, "+1"},
+	{"%+.3g", -1.0, "-1"},
+	{"% .3g", -1.0, "-1"},
+	{"% .3g", 1.0, " 1"},
+	{"%b", float32(1.0), "8388608p-23"},
+	{"%b", 1.0, "4503599627370496p-52"},
+	// Test sharp flag used with floats.
+	{"%#g", 1e-323, "1.00000e-323"},
+	{"%#g", -1.0, "-1.00000"},
+	{"%#g", 1.1, "1.10000"},
+	{"%#g", 123456.0, "123456."},
+	{"%#g", 1234567.0, "1.234567e+06"},
+	{"%#g", 1230000.0, "1.23000e+06"},
+	{"%#g", 1000000.0, "1.00000e+06"},
+	{"%#.0f", 1.0, "1."},
+	{"%#.0e", 1.0, "1.e+00"},
+	{"%#.0g", 1.0, "1."},
+	{"%#.0g", 1100000.0, "1.e+06"},
+	{"%#.4f", 1.0, "1.0000"},
+	{"%#.4e", 1.0, "1.0000e+00"},
+	{"%#.4g", 1.0, "1.000"},
+	{"%#.4g", 100000.0, "1.000e+05"},
+	{"%#.0f", 123.0, "123."},
+	{"%#.0e", 123.0, "1.e+02"},
+	{"%#.0g", 123.0, "1.e+02"},
+	{"%#.4f", 123.0, "123.0000"},
+	{"%#.4e", 123.0, "1.2300e+02"},
+	{"%#.4g", 123.0, "123.0"},
+	{"%#.4g", 123000.0, "1.230e+05"},
+	{"%#9.4g", 1.0, "    1.000"},
+	// The sharp flag has no effect for binary float format.
+	{"%#b", 1.0, "4503599627370496p-52"},
+	// Precision has no effect for binary float format.
+	{"%.4b", float32(1.0), "8388608p-23"},
+	{"%.4b", -1.0, "-4503599627370496p-52"},
+	// Test correct f.intbuf boundary checks.
+	{"%.68f", 1.0, zeroFill("1.", 68, "")},
+	{"%.68f", -1.0, zeroFill("-1.", 68, "")},
+	// float infinites and NaNs
+	{"%f", posInf, "∞"},
+	{"%.1f", negInf, "-∞"},
+	{"% f", NaN, "NaN"},
+	{"%20f", posInf, "                   ∞"},
+	{"% 20F", posInf, "                   ∞"},
+	{"% 20e", negInf, "                  -∞"},
+	{"%+20E", negInf, "                  -∞"},
+	{"% +20g", negInf, "                  -∞"},
+	{"%+-20G", posInf, "+∞                  "},
+	{"%20e", NaN, "                 NaN"},
+	{"% +20E", NaN, "                 NaN"},
+	{"% -20g", NaN, "NaN                 "},
+	{"%+-20G", NaN, "NaN                 "},
+	// Zero padding does not apply to infinities and NaN.
+	{"%+020e", posInf, "                  +∞"},
+	{"%-020f", negInf, "-∞                  "},
+	{"%-020E", NaN, "NaN                 "},
+
+	// complex values
+	{"%.f", 0i, "(0+0i)"},
+	{"% .f", 0i, "( 0+0i)"},
+	{"%+.f", 0i, "(+0+0i)"},
+	{"% +.f", 0i, "(+0+0i)"},
+	{"%+.3e", 0i, "(+0.000\u202f×\u202f10⁰⁰+0.000\u202f×\u202f10⁰⁰i)"},
+	{"%+.3f", 0i, "(+0.000+0.000i)"},
+	{"%+.3g", 0i, "(+0+0i)"},
+	{"%+.3e", 1 + 2i, "(+1.000\u202f×\u202f10⁰⁰+2.000\u202f×\u202f10⁰⁰i)"},
+	{"%+.3f", 1 + 2i, "(+1.000+2.000i)"},
+	{"%+.3g", 1 + 2i, "(+1+2i)"},
+	{"%.3e", 0i, "(0.000\u202f×\u202f10⁰⁰+0.000\u202f×\u202f10⁰⁰i)"},
+	{"%.3f", 0i, "(0.000+0.000i)"},
+	{"%.3F", 0i, "(0.000+0.000i)"},
+	{"%.3F", complex64(0i), "(0.000+0.000i)"},
+	{"%.3g", 0i, "(0+0i)"},
+	{"%.3e", 1 + 2i, "(1.000\u202f×\u202f10⁰⁰+2.000\u202f×\u202f10⁰⁰i)"},
+	{"%.3f", 1 + 2i, "(1.000+2.000i)"},
+	{"%.3g", 1 + 2i, "(1+2i)"},
+	{"%.3e", -1 - 2i, "(-1.000\u202f×\u202f10⁰⁰-2.000\u202f×\u202f10⁰⁰i)"},
+	{"%.3f", -1 - 2i, "(-1.000-2.000i)"},
+	{"%.3g", -1 - 2i, "(-1-2i)"},
+	{"% .3E", -1 - 2i, "(-1.000\u202f×\u202f10⁰⁰-2.000\u202f×\u202f10⁰⁰i)"},
+	{"%+.3g", 1 + 2i, "(+1+2i)"},
+	{"%+.3g", complex64(1 + 2i), "(+1+2i)"},
+	{"%#g", 1 + 2i, "(1.00000+2.00000i)"},
+	{"%#g", 123456 + 789012i, "(123456.+789012.i)"},
+	{"%#g", 1e-10i, "(0.00000+1.00000e-10i)"},
+	{"%#g", -1e10 - 1.11e100i, "(-1.00000e+10-1.11000e+100i)"},
+	{"%#.0f", 1.23 + 1.0i, "(1.+1.i)"},
+	{"%#.0e", 1.23 + 1.0i, "(1.e+00+1.e+00i)"},
+	{"%#.0g", 1.23 + 1.0i, "(1.+1.i)"},
+	{"%#.0g", 0 + 100000i, "(0.+1.e+05i)"},
+	{"%#.0g", 1230000 + 0i, "(1.e+06+0.i)"},
+	{"%#.4f", 1 + 1.23i, "(1.0000+1.2300i)"},
+	{"%#.4e", 123 + 1i, "(1.2300e+02+1.0000e+00i)"},
+	{"%#.4g", 123 + 1.23i, "(123.0+1.230i)"},
+	{"%#12.5g", 0 + 100000i, "(      0.0000 +1.0000e+05i)"},
+	{"%#12.5g", 1230000 - 0i, "(  1.2300e+06     +0.0000i)"},
+	{"%b", 1 + 2i, "(4503599627370496p-52+4503599627370496p-51i)"},
+	{"%b", complex64(1 + 2i), "(8388608p-23+8388608p-22i)"},
+	// The sharp flag has no effect for binary complex format.
+	{"%#b", 1 + 2i, "(4503599627370496p-52+4503599627370496p-51i)"},
+	// Precision has no effect for binary complex format.
+	{"%.4b", 1 + 2i, "(4503599627370496p-52+4503599627370496p-51i)"},
+	{"%.4b", complex64(1 + 2i), "(8388608p-23+8388608p-22i)"},
+	// complex infinites and NaNs
+	{"%f", complex(posInf, posInf), "(∞+∞i)"},
+	{"%f", complex(negInf, negInf), "(-∞-∞i)"},
+	{"%f", complex(NaN, NaN), "(NaN+NaNi)"},
+	{"%.1f", complex(posInf, posInf), "(∞+∞i)"},
+	{"% f", complex(posInf, posInf), "( ∞+∞i)"},
+	{"% f", complex(negInf, negInf), "(-∞-∞i)"},
+	{"% f", complex(NaN, NaN), "(NaN+NaNi)"},
+	{"%8e", complex(posInf, posInf), "(       ∞      +∞i)"},
+	{"% 8E", complex(posInf, posInf), "(       ∞      +∞i)"},
+	{"%+8f", complex(negInf, negInf), "(      -∞      -∞i)"},
+	{"% +8g", complex(negInf, negInf), "(      -∞      -∞i)"}, // TODO(g)
+	{"% -8G", complex(NaN, NaN), "(NaN     +NaN    i)"},
+	{"%+-8b", complex(NaN, NaN), "(+NaN    +NaN    i)"},
+	// Zero padding does not apply to infinities and NaN.
+	{"%08f", complex(posInf, posInf), "(       ∞      +∞i)"},
+	{"%-08g", complex(negInf, negInf), "(-∞      -∞      i)"},
+	{"%-08G", complex(NaN, NaN), "(NaN     +NaN    i)"},
+
+	// old test/fmt_test.go
+	{"%e", 1.0, "1.000000\u202f×\u202f10⁰⁰"},
+	{"%e", 1234.5678e3, "1.234568\u202f×\u202f10⁰⁶"},
+	{"%e", 1234.5678e-8, "1.234568\u202f×\u202f10⁻⁰⁵"},
+	{"%e", -7.0, "-7.000000\u202f×\u202f10⁰⁰"},
+	{"%e", -1e-9, "-1.000000\u202f×\u202f10⁻⁰⁹"},
+	{"%f", 1234.5678e3, "1,234,567.800000"},
+	{"%f", 1234.5678e-8, "0.000012"},
+	{"%f", -7.0, "-7.000000"},
+	{"%f", -1e-9, "-0.000000"},
+	{"%g", 1234.5678e3, "1.2345678\u202f×\u202f10⁰⁶"},
+	{"%g", float32(1234.5678e3), "1.2345678\u202f×\u202f10⁰⁶"},
+	{"%g", 1234.5678e-8, "1.2345678\u202f×\u202f10⁻⁰⁵"},
+	{"%g", -7.0, "-7"},
+	{"%g", -1e-9, "-1\u202f×\u202f10⁻⁰⁹"},
+	{"%g", float32(-1e-9), "-1\u202f×\u202f10⁻⁰⁹"},
+	{"%E", 1.0, "1.000000\u202f×\u202f10⁰⁰"},
+	{"%E", 1234.5678e3, "1.234568\u202f×\u202f10⁰⁶"},
+	{"%E", 1234.5678e-8, "1.234568\u202f×\u202f10⁻⁰⁵"},
+	{"%E", -7.0, "-7.000000\u202f×\u202f10⁰⁰"},
+	{"%E", -1e-9, "-1.000000\u202f×\u202f10⁻⁰⁹"},
+	{"%G", 1234.5678e3, "1.2345678\u202f×\u202f10⁰⁶"},
+	{"%G", float32(1234.5678e3), "1.2345678\u202f×\u202f10⁰⁶"},
+	{"%G", 1234.5678e-8, "1.2345678\u202f×\u202f10⁻⁰⁵"},
+	{"%G", -7.0, "-7"},
+	{"%G", -1e-9, "-1\u202f×\u202f10⁻⁰⁹"},
+	{"%G", float32(-1e-9), "-1\u202f×\u202f10⁻⁰⁹"},
+	{"%20.5s", "qwertyuiop", "               qwert"},
+	{"%.5s", "qwertyuiop", "qwert"},
+	{"%-20.5s", "qwertyuiop", "qwert               "},
+	{"%20c", 'x', "                   x"},
+	{"%-20c", 'x', "x                   "},
+	{"%20.6e", 1.2345e3, "     1.234500\u202f×\u202f10⁰³"},
+	{"%20.6e", 1.2345e-3, "    1.234500\u202f×\u202f10⁻⁰³"},
+	{"%20e", 1.2345e3, "     1.234500\u202f×\u202f10⁰³"},
+	{"%20e", 1.2345e-3, "    1.234500\u202f×\u202f10⁻⁰³"},
+	{"%20.8e", 1.2345e3, "   1.23450000\u202f×\u202f10⁰³"},
+	{"%20f", 1.23456789e3, "        1,234.567890"},
+	{"%20f", 1.23456789e-3, "            0.001235"},
+	{"%20f", 12345678901.23456789, "12,345,678,901.234568"},
+	{"%-20f", 1.23456789e3, "1,234.567890        "},
+	{"%20.8f", 1.23456789e3, "      1,234.56789000"},
+	{"%20.8f", 1.23456789e-3, "          0.00123457"},
+	{"%g", 1.23456789e3, "1,234.56789"},
+	{"%g", 1.23456789e-3, "0.00123456789"},
+	{"%g", 1.23456789e20, "1.23456789\u202f×\u202f10²⁰"},
+
+	// arrays
+	{"%v", array, "[1 2 3 4 5]"},
+	{"%v", iarray, "[1 hello 2.5 <nil>]"},
+	{"%v", barray, "[1 2 3 4 5]"},
+	{"%v", &array, "&[1 2 3 4 5]"},
+	{"%v", &iarray, "&[1 hello 2.5 <nil>]"},
+	{"%v", &barray, "&[1 2 3 4 5]"},
+
+	// slices
+	{"%v", slice, "[1 2 3 4 5]"},
+	{"%v", islice, "[1 hello 2.5 <nil>]"},
+	{"%v", bslice, "[1 2 3 4 5]"},
+	{"%v", &slice, "&[1 2 3 4 5]"},
+	{"%v", &islice, "&[1 hello 2.5 <nil>]"},
+	{"%v", &bslice, "&[1 2 3 4 5]"},
+
+	// byte arrays and slices with %b,%c,%d,%o,%U and %v
+	{"%b", [3]byte{65, 66, 67}, "[1000001 1000010 1000011]"},
+	{"%c", [3]byte{65, 66, 67}, "[A B C]"},
+	{"%d", [3]byte{65, 66, 67}, "[65 66 67]"},
+	{"%o", [3]byte{65, 66, 67}, "[101 102 103]"},
+	{"%U", [3]byte{65, 66, 67}, "[U+0041 U+0042 U+0043]"},
+	{"%v", [3]byte{65, 66, 67}, "[65 66 67]"},
+	{"%v", [1]byte{123}, "[123]"},
+	{"%012v", []byte{}, "[]"},
+	{"%#012v", []byte{}, "[]byte{}"},
+	{"%6v", []byte{1, 11, 111}, "[     1     11    111]"},
+	{"%06v", []byte{1, 11, 111}, "[000001 000011 000111]"},
+	{"%-6v", []byte{1, 11, 111}, "[1      11     111   ]"},
+	{"%-06v", []byte{1, 11, 111}, "[1      11     111   ]"},
+	{"%#v", []byte{1, 11, 111}, "[]byte{0x1, 0xb, 0x6f}"},
+	{"%#6v", []byte{1, 11, 111}, "[]byte{   0x1,    0xb,   0x6f}"},
+	{"%#06v", []byte{1, 11, 111}, "[]byte{0x000001, 0x00000b, 0x00006f}"},
+	{"%#-6v", []byte{1, 11, 111}, "[]byte{0x1   , 0xb   , 0x6f  }"},
+	{"%#-06v", []byte{1, 11, 111}, "[]byte{0x1   , 0xb   , 0x6f  }"},
+	// f.space should and f.plus should not have an effect with %v.
+	{"% v", []byte{1, 11, 111}, "[ 1  11  111]"},
+	{"%+v", [3]byte{1, 11, 111}, "[1 11 111]"},
+	{"%# -6v", []byte{1, 11, 111}, "[]byte{ 0x1  ,  0xb  ,  0x6f }"},
+	{"%#+-6v", [3]byte{1, 11, 111}, "[3]uint8{0x1   , 0xb   , 0x6f  }"},
+	// f.space and f.plus should have an effect with %d.
+	{"% d", []byte{1, 11, 111}, "[ 1  11  111]"},
+	{"%+d", [3]byte{1, 11, 111}, "[+1 +11 +111]"},
+	{"%# -6d", []byte{1, 11, 111}, "[ 1      11     111  ]"},
+	{"%#+-6d", [3]byte{1, 11, 111}, "[+1     +11    +111  ]"},
+
+	// floates with %v
+	{"%v", 1.2345678, "1.2345678"},
+	{"%v", float32(1.2345678), "1.2345678"},
+
+	// complexes with %v
+	{"%v", 1 + 2i, "(1+2i)"},
+	{"%v", complex64(1 + 2i), "(1+2i)"},
+
+	// structs
+	{"%v", A{1, 2, "a", []int{1, 2}}, `{1 2 a [1 2]}`},
+	{"%+v", A{1, 2, "a", []int{1, 2}}, `{i:1 j:2 s:a x:[1 2]}`},
+
+	// +v on structs with Stringable items
+	{"%+v", B{1, 2}, `{I:<1> j:2}`},
+	{"%+v", C{1, B{2, 3}}, `{i:1 B:{I:<2> j:3}}`},
+
+	// other formats on Stringable items
+	{"%s", I(23), `<23>`},
+	{"%q", I(23), `"<23>"`},
+	{"%x", I(23), `3c32333e`},
+	{"%#x", I(23), `0x3c32333e`},
+	{"%# x", I(23), `0x3c 0x32 0x33 0x3e`},
+	// Stringer applies only to string formats.
+	{"%d", I(23), `23`},
+	// Stringer applies to the extracted value.
+	{"%s", reflect.ValueOf(I(23)), `<23>`},
+
+	// go syntax
+	{"%#v", A{1, 2, "a", []int{1, 2}}, `message.A{i:1, j:0x2, s:"a", x:[]int{1, 2}}`},
+	{"%#v", new(byte), "(*uint8)(0xPTR)"},
+	{"%#v", TestFmtInterface, "(func(*testing.T))(0xPTR)"},
+	{"%#v", make(chan int), "(chan int)(0xPTR)"},
+	{"%#v", uint64(1<<64 - 1), "0xffffffffffffffff"},
+	{"%#v", 1000000000, "1000000000"},
+	{"%#v", map[string]int{"a": 1}, `map[string]int{"a":1}`},
+	{"%#v", map[string]B{"a": {1, 2}}, `map[string]message.B{"a":message.B{I:1, j:2}}`},
+	{"%#v", []string{"a", "b"}, `[]string{"a", "b"}`},
+	{"%#v", SI{}, `message.SI{I:interface {}(nil)}`},
+	{"%#v", []int(nil), `[]int(nil)`},
+	{"%#v", []int{}, `[]int{}`},
+	{"%#v", array, `[5]int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}`},
+	{"%#v", &array, `&[5]int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}`},
+	{"%#v", iarray, `[4]interface {}{1, "hello", 2.5, interface {}(nil)}`},
+	{"%#v", &iarray, `&[4]interface {}{1, "hello", 2.5, interface {}(nil)}`},
+	{"%#v", map[int]byte(nil), `map[int]uint8(nil)`},
+	{"%#v", map[int]byte{}, `map[int]uint8{}`},
+	{"%#v", "foo", `"foo"`},
+	{"%#v", barray, `[5]message.renamedUint8{0x1, 0x2, 0x3, 0x4, 0x5}`},
+	{"%#v", bslice, `[]message.renamedUint8{0x1, 0x2, 0x3, 0x4, 0x5}`},
+	{"%#v", []int32(nil), "[]int32(nil)"},
+	{"%#v", 1.2345678, "1.2345678"},
+	{"%#v", float32(1.2345678), "1.2345678"},
+	// Only print []byte and []uint8 as type []byte if they appear at the top level.
+	{"%#v", []byte(nil), "[]byte(nil)"},
+	{"%#v", []uint8(nil), "[]byte(nil)"},
+	{"%#v", []byte{}, "[]byte{}"},
+	{"%#v", []uint8{}, "[]byte{}"},
+	{"%#v", reflect.ValueOf([]byte{}), "[]uint8{}"},
+	{"%#v", reflect.ValueOf([]uint8{}), "[]uint8{}"},
+	{"%#v", &[]byte{}, "&[]uint8{}"},
+	{"%#v", &[]byte{}, "&[]uint8{}"},
+	{"%#v", [3]byte{}, "[3]uint8{0x0, 0x0, 0x0}"},
+	{"%#v", [3]uint8{}, "[3]uint8{0x0, 0x0, 0x0}"},
+
+	// slices with other formats
+	{"%#x", []int{1, 2, 15}, `[0x1 0x2 0xf]`},
+	{"%x", []int{1, 2, 15}, `[1 2 f]`},
+	{"%d", []int{1, 2, 15}, `[1 2 15]`},
+	{"%d", []byte{1, 2, 15}, `[1 2 15]`},
+	{"%q", []string{"a", "b"}, `["a" "b"]`},
+	{"% 02x", []byte{1}, "01"},
+	{"% 02x", []byte{1, 2, 3}, "01 02 03"},
+
+	// Padding with byte slices.
+	{"%2x", []byte{}, "  "},
+	{"%#2x", []byte{}, "  "},
+	{"% 02x", []byte{}, "00"},
+	{"%# 02x", []byte{}, "00"},
+	{"%-2x", []byte{}, "  "},
+	{"%-02x", []byte{}, "  "},
+	{"%8x", []byte{0xab}, "      ab"},
+	{"% 8x", []byte{0xab}, "      ab"},
+	{"%#8x", []byte{0xab}, "    0xab"},
+	{"%# 8x", []byte{0xab}, "    0xab"},
+	{"%08x", []byte{0xab}, "000000ab"},
+	{"% 08x", []byte{0xab}, "000000ab"},
+	{"%#08x", []byte{0xab}, "00000xab"},
+	{"%# 08x", []byte{0xab}, "00000xab"},
+	{"%10x", []byte{0xab, 0xcd}, "      abcd"},
+	{"% 10x", []byte{0xab, 0xcd}, "     ab cd"},
+	{"%#10x", []byte{0xab, 0xcd}, "    0xabcd"},
+	{"%# 10x", []byte{0xab, 0xcd}, " 0xab 0xcd"},
+	{"%010x", []byte{0xab, 0xcd}, "000000abcd"},
+	{"% 010x", []byte{0xab, 0xcd}, "00000ab cd"},
+	{"%#010x", []byte{0xab, 0xcd}, "00000xabcd"},
+	{"%# 010x", []byte{0xab, 0xcd}, "00xab 0xcd"},
+	{"%-10X", []byte{0xab}, "AB        "},
+	{"% -010X", []byte{0xab}, "AB        "},
+	{"%#-10X", []byte{0xab, 0xcd}, "0XABCD    "},
+	{"%# -010X", []byte{0xab, 0xcd}, "0XAB 0XCD "},
+	// Same for strings
+	{"%2x", "", "  "},
+	{"%#2x", "", "  "},
+	{"% 02x", "", "00"},
+	{"%# 02x", "", "00"},
+	{"%-2x", "", "  "},
+	{"%-02x", "", "  "},
+	{"%8x", "\xab", "      ab"},
+	{"% 8x", "\xab", "      ab"},
+	{"%#8x", "\xab", "    0xab"},
+	{"%# 8x", "\xab", "    0xab"},
+	{"%08x", "\xab", "000000ab"},
+	{"% 08x", "\xab", "000000ab"},
+	{"%#08x", "\xab", "00000xab"},
+	{"%# 08x", "\xab", "00000xab"},
+	{"%10x", "\xab\xcd", "      abcd"},
+	{"% 10x", "\xab\xcd", "     ab cd"},
+	{"%#10x", "\xab\xcd", "    0xabcd"},
+	{"%# 10x", "\xab\xcd", " 0xab 0xcd"},
+	{"%010x", "\xab\xcd", "000000abcd"},
+	{"% 010x", "\xab\xcd", "00000ab cd"},
+	{"%#010x", "\xab\xcd", "00000xabcd"},
+	{"%# 010x", "\xab\xcd", "00xab 0xcd"},
+	{"%-10X", "\xab", "AB        "},
+	{"% -010X", "\xab", "AB        "},
+	{"%#-10X", "\xab\xcd", "0XABCD    "},
+	{"%# -010X", "\xab\xcd", "0XAB 0XCD "},
+
+	// renamings
+	{"%v", renamedBool(true), "true"},
+	{"%d", renamedBool(true), "%!d(message.renamedBool=true)"},
+	{"%o", renamedInt(8), "10"},
+	{"%d", renamedInt8(-9), "-9"},
+	{"%v", renamedInt16(10), "10"},
+	{"%v", renamedInt32(-11), "-11"},
+	{"%X", renamedInt64(255), "FF"},
+	{"%v", renamedUint(13), "13"},
+	{"%o", renamedUint8(14), "16"},
+	{"%X", renamedUint16(15), "F"},
+	{"%d", renamedUint32(16), "16"},
+	{"%X", renamedUint64(17), "11"},
+	{"%o", renamedUintptr(18), "22"},
+	{"%x", renamedString("thing"), "7468696e67"},
+	{"%d", renamedBytes([]byte{1, 2, 15}), `[1 2 15]`},
+	{"%q", renamedBytes([]byte("hello")), `"hello"`},
+	{"%x", []renamedUint8{'h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o'}, "68656c6c6f"},
+	{"%X", []renamedUint8{'h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o'}, "68656C6C6F"},
+	{"%s", []renamedUint8{'h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o'}, "hello"},
+	{"%q", []renamedUint8{'h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o'}, `"hello"`},
+	{"%v", renamedFloat32(22), "22"},
+	{"%v", renamedFloat64(33), "33"},
+	{"%v", renamedComplex64(3 + 4i), "(3+4i)"},
+	{"%v", renamedComplex128(4 - 3i), "(4-3i)"},
+
+	// Formatter
+	{"%x", F(1), "<x=F(1)>"},
+	{"%x", G(2), "2"},
+	{"%+v", S{F(4), G(5)}, "{F:<v=F(4)> G:5}"},
+
+	// GoStringer
+	{"%#v", G(6), "GoString(6)"},
+	{"%#v", S{F(7), G(8)}, "message.S{F:<v=F(7)>, G:GoString(8)}"},
+
+	// %T
+	{"%T", byte(0), "uint8"},
+	{"%T", reflect.ValueOf(nil), "reflect.Value"},
+	{"%T", (4 - 3i), "complex128"},
+	{"%T", renamedComplex128(4 - 3i), "message.renamedComplex128"},
+	{"%T", intVar, "int"},
+	{"%6T", &intVar, "  *int"},
+	{"%10T", nil, "     <nil>"},
+	{"%-10T", nil, "<nil>     "},
+
+	// %p with pointers
+	{"%p", (*int)(nil), "0x0"},
+	{"%#p", (*int)(nil), "0"},
+	{"%p", &intVar, "0xPTR"},
+	{"%#p", &intVar, "PTR"},
+	{"%p", &array, "0xPTR"},
+	{"%p", &slice, "0xPTR"},
+	{"%8.2p", (*int)(nil), "    0x00"},
+	{"%-20.16p", &intVar, "0xPTR  "},
+	// %p on non-pointers
+	{"%p", make(chan int), "0xPTR"},
+	{"%p", make(map[int]int), "0xPTR"},
+	{"%p", func() {}, "0xPTR"},
+	{"%p", 27, "%!p(int=27)"},  // not a pointer at all
+	{"%p", nil, "%!p(<nil>)"},  // nil on its own has no type ...
+	{"%#p", nil, "%!p(<nil>)"}, // ... and hence is not a pointer type.
+	// pointers with specified base
+	{"%b", &intVar, "PTR_b"},
+	{"%d", &intVar, "PTR_d"},
+	{"%o", &intVar, "PTR_o"},
+	{"%x", &intVar, "PTR_x"},
+	{"%X", &intVar, "PTR_X"},
+	// %v on pointers
+	{"%v", nil, "<nil>"},
+	{"%#v", nil, "<nil>"},
+	{"%v", (*int)(nil), "<nil>"},
+	{"%#v", (*int)(nil), "(*int)(nil)"},
+	{"%v", &intVar, "0xPTR"},
+	{"%#v", &intVar, "(*int)(0xPTR)"},
+	{"%8.2v", (*int)(nil), "   <nil>"},
+	{"%-20.16v", &intVar, "0xPTR  "},
+	// string method on pointer
+	{"%s", &pValue, "String(p)"}, // String method...
+	{"%p", &pValue, "0xPTR"},     // ... is not called with %p.
+
+	// %d on Stringer should give integer if possible
+	{"%s", time.Time{}.Month(), "January"},
+	{"%d", time.Time{}.Month(), "1"},
+
+	// erroneous things
+	{"%s %", "hello", "hello %!(NOVERB)"},
+	{"%s %.2", "hello", "hello %!(NOVERB)"},
+
+	// The "<nil>" show up because maps are printed by
+	// first obtaining a list of keys and then looking up
+	// each key. Since NaNs can be map keys but cannot
+	// be fetched directly, the lookup fails and returns a
+	// zero reflect.Value, which formats as <nil>.
+	// This test is just to check that it shows the two NaNs at all.
+	{"%v", map[float64]int{NaN: 1, NaN: 2}, "map[NaN:<nil> NaN:<nil>]"},
+
+	// Comparison of padding rules with C printf.
+	/*
+		C program:
+		#include <stdio.h>
+
+		char *format[] = {
+			"[%.2f]",
+			"[% .2f]",
+			"[%+.2f]",
+			"[%7.2f]",
+			"[% 7.2f]",
+			"[%+7.2f]",
+			"[% +7.2f]",
+			"[%07.2f]",
+			"[% 07.2f]",
+			"[%+07.2f]",
+			"[% +07.2f]"
+		};
+
+		int main(void) {
+			int i;
+			for(i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
+				printf("%s: ", format[i]);
+				printf(format[i], 1.0);
+				printf(" ");
+				printf(format[i], -1.0);
+				printf("\n");
+			}
+		}
+
+		Output:
+			[%.2f]: [1.00] [-1.00]
+			[% .2f]: [ 1.00] [-1.00]
+			[%+.2f]: [+1.00] [-1.00]
+			[%7.2f]: [   1.00] [  -1.00]
+			[% 7.2f]: [   1.00] [  -1.00]
+			[%+7.2f]: [  +1.00] [  -1.00]
+			[% +7.2f]: [  +1.00] [  -1.00]
+			[%07.2f]: [0001.00] [-001.00]
+			[% 07.2f]: [ 001.00] [-001.00]
+			[%+07.2f]: [+001.00] [-001.00]
+			[% +07.2f]: [+001.00] [-001.00]
+
+	*/
+	{"%.2f", 1.0, "1.00"},
+	{"%.2f", -1.0, "-1.00"},
+	{"% .2f", 1.0, " 1.00"},
+	{"% .2f", -1.0, "-1.00"},
+	{"%+.2f", 1.0, "+1.00"},
+	{"%+.2f", -1.0, "-1.00"},
+	{"%7.2f", 1.0, "   1.00"},
+	{"%7.2f", -1.0, "  -1.00"},
+	{"% 7.2f", 1.0, "   1.00"},
+	{"% 7.2f", -1.0, "  -1.00"},
+	{"%+7.2f", 1.0, "  +1.00"},
+	{"%+7.2f", -1.0, "  -1.00"},
+	{"% +7.2f", 1.0, "  +1.00"},
+	{"% +7.2f", -1.0, "  -1.00"},
+	// Padding with 0's indicates minimum number of integer digits minus the
+	// period, if present, and minus the sign if it is fixed.
+	// TODO: consider making this number the number of significant digits.
+	{"%07.2f", 1.0, "0,001.00"},
+	{"%07.2f", -1.0, "-0,001.00"},
+	{"% 07.2f", 1.0, " 001.00"},
+	{"% 07.2f", -1.0, "-001.00"},
+	{"%+07.2f", 1.0, "+001.00"},
+	{"%+07.2f", -1.0, "-001.00"},
+	{"% +07.2f", 1.0, "+001.00"},
+	{"% +07.2f", -1.0, "-001.00"},
+
+	// Complex numbers: exhaustively tested in TestComplexFormatting.
+	{"%7.2f", 1 + 2i, "(   1.00  +2.00i)"},
+	{"%+07.2f", -1 - 2i, "(-001.00-002.00i)"},
+
+	// Use spaces instead of zero if padding to the right.
+	{"%0-5s", "abc", "abc  "},
+	{"%-05.1f", 1.0, "1.0  "},
+
+	// float and complex formatting should not change the padding width
+	// for other elements. See issue 14642.
+	{"%06v", []interface{}{+10.0, 10}, "[000,010 000,010]"},
+	{"%06v", []interface{}{-10.0, 10}, "[-000,010 000,010]"},
+	{"%06v", []interface{}{+10.0 + 10i, 10}, "[(000,010+00,010i) 000,010]"},
+	{"%06v", []interface{}{-10.0 + 10i, 10}, "[(-000,010+00,010i) 000,010]"},
+
+	// integer formatting should not alter padding for other elements.
+	{"%03.6v", []interface{}{1, 2.0, "x"}, "[000,001 002 00x]"},
+	{"%03.0v", []interface{}{0, 2.0, "x"}, "[    002 000]"},
+
+	// Complex fmt used to leave the plus flag set for future entries in the array
+	// causing +2+0i and +3+0i instead of 2+0i and 3+0i.
+	{"%v", []complex64{1, 2, 3}, "[(1+0i) (2+0i) (3+0i)]"},
+	{"%v", []complex128{1, 2, 3}, "[(1+0i) (2+0i) (3+0i)]"},
+
+	// Incomplete format specification caused crash.
+	{"%.", 3, "%!.(int=3)"},
+
+	// Padding for complex numbers. Has been bad, then fixed, then bad again.
+	{"%+10.2f", +104.66 + 440.51i, "(   +104.66   +440.51i)"},
+	{"%+10.2f", -104.66 + 440.51i, "(   -104.66   +440.51i)"},
+	{"%+10.2f", +104.66 - 440.51i, "(   +104.66   -440.51i)"},
+	{"%+10.2f", -104.66 - 440.51i, "(   -104.66   -440.51i)"},
+	{"%010.2f", +104.66 + 440.51i, "(0,000,104.66+000,440.51i)"},
+	{"%+010.2f", +104.66 + 440.51i, "(+000,104.66+000,440.51i)"},
+	{"%+010.2f", -104.66 + 440.51i, "(-000,104.66+000,440.51i)"},
+	{"%+010.2f", +104.66 - 440.51i, "(+000,104.66-000,440.51i)"},
+	{"%+010.2f", -104.66 - 440.51i, "(-000,104.66-000,440.51i)"},
+
+	// []T where type T is a byte with a Stringer method.
+	{"%v", byteStringerSlice, "[X X X X X]"},
+	{"%s", byteStringerSlice, "hello"},
+	{"%q", byteStringerSlice, "\"hello\""},
+	{"%x", byteStringerSlice, "68656c6c6f"},
+	{"%X", byteStringerSlice, "68656C6C6F"},
+	{"%#v", byteStringerSlice, "[]message.byteStringer{0x68, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f}"},
+
+	// And the same for Formatter.
+	{"%v", byteFormatterSlice, "[X X X X X]"},
+	{"%s", byteFormatterSlice, "hello"},
+	{"%q", byteFormatterSlice, "\"hello\""},
+	{"%x", byteFormatterSlice, "68656c6c6f"},
+	{"%X", byteFormatterSlice, "68656C6C6F"},
+	// This next case seems wrong, but the docs say the Formatter wins here.
+	{"%#v", byteFormatterSlice, "[]message.byteFormatter{X, X, X, X, X}"},
+
+	// reflect.Value handled specially in Go 1.5, making it possible to
+	// see inside non-exported fields (which cannot be accessed with Interface()).
+	// Issue 8965.
+	{"%v", reflect.ValueOf(A{}).Field(0).String(), "<int Value>"}, // Equivalent to the old way.
+	{"%v", reflect.ValueOf(A{}).Field(0), "0"},                    // Sees inside the field.
+
+	// verbs apply to the extracted value too.
+	{"%s", reflect.ValueOf("hello"), "hello"},
+	{"%q", reflect.ValueOf("hello"), `"hello"`},
+	{"%#04x", reflect.ValueOf(256), "0x0100"},
+
+	// invalid reflect.Value doesn't crash.
+	{"%v", reflect.Value{}, "<invalid reflect.Value>"},
+	{"%v", &reflect.Value{}, "<invalid Value>"},
+	{"%v", SI{reflect.Value{}}, "{<invalid Value>}"},
+
+	// Tests to check that not supported verbs generate an error string.
+	{"%☠", nil, "%!☠(<nil>)"},
+	{"%☠", interface{}(nil), "%!☠(<nil>)"},
+	{"%☠", int(0), "%!☠(int=0)"},
+	{"%☠", uint(0), "%!☠(uint=0)"},
+	{"%☠", []byte{0, 1}, "[%!☠(uint8=0) %!☠(uint8=1)]"},
+	{"%☠", []uint8{0, 1}, "[%!☠(uint8=0) %!☠(uint8=1)]"},
+	{"%☠", [1]byte{0}, "[%!☠(uint8=0)]"},
+	{"%☠", [1]uint8{0}, "[%!☠(uint8=0)]"},
+	{"%☠", "hello", "%!☠(string=hello)"},
+	{"%☠", 1.2345678, "%!☠(float64=1.2345678)"},
+	{"%☠", float32(1.2345678), "%!☠(float32=1.2345678)"},
+	{"%☠", 1.2345678 + 1.2345678i, "%!☠(complex128=(1.2345678+1.2345678i))"},
+	{"%☠", complex64(1.2345678 + 1.2345678i), "%!☠(complex64=(1.2345678+1.2345678i))"},
+	{"%☠", &intVar, "%!☠(*int=0xPTR)"},
+	{"%☠", make(chan int), "%!☠(chan int=0xPTR)"},
+	{"%☠", func() {}, "%!☠(func()=0xPTR)"},
+	{"%☠", reflect.ValueOf(renamedInt(0)), "%!☠(message.renamedInt=0)"},
+	{"%☠", SI{renamedInt(0)}, "{%!☠(message.renamedInt=0)}"},
+	{"%☠", &[]interface{}{I(1), G(2)}, "&[%!☠(message.I=1) %!☠(message.G=2)]"},
+	{"%☠", SI{&[]interface{}{I(1), G(2)}}, "{%!☠(*[]interface {}=&[1 2])}"},
+	{"%☠", reflect.Value{}, "<invalid reflect.Value>"},
+	{"%☠", map[float64]int{NaN: 1}, "map[%!☠(float64=NaN):%!☠(<nil>)]"},
+}
+
+// zeroFill generates zero-filled strings of the specified width. The length
+// of the suffix (but not the prefix) is compensated for in the width calculation.
+func zeroFill(prefix string, width int, suffix string) string {
+	return prefix + strings.Repeat("0", width-len(suffix)) + suffix
+}
+
+func TestSprintf(t *testing.T) {
+	p := NewPrinter(language.Und)
+	for _, tt := range fmtTests {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprint(tt.fmt, "/", tt.val), func(t *testing.T) {
+			s := p.Sprintf(tt.fmt, tt.val)
+			i := strings.Index(tt.out, "PTR")
+			if i >= 0 && i < len(s) {
+				var pattern, chars string
+				switch {
+				case strings.HasPrefix(tt.out[i:], "PTR_b"):
+					pattern = "PTR_b"
+					chars = "01"
+				case strings.HasPrefix(tt.out[i:], "PTR_o"):
+					pattern = "PTR_o"
+					chars = "01234567"
+				case strings.HasPrefix(tt.out[i:], "PTR_d"):
+					pattern = "PTR_d"
+					chars = "0123456789"
+				case strings.HasPrefix(tt.out[i:], "PTR_x"):
+					pattern = "PTR_x"
+					chars = "0123456789abcdef"
+				case strings.HasPrefix(tt.out[i:], "PTR_X"):
+					pattern = "PTR_X"
+					chars = "0123456789ABCDEF"
+				default:
+					pattern = "PTR"
+					chars = "0123456789abcdefABCDEF"
+				}
+				p := s[:i] + pattern
+				for j := i; j < len(s); j++ {
+					if !strings.ContainsRune(chars, rune(s[j])) {
+						p += s[j:]
+						break
+					}
+				}
+				s = p
+			}
+			if s != tt.out {
+				if _, ok := tt.val.(string); ok {
+					// Don't requote the already-quoted strings.
+					// It's too confusing to read the errors.
+					t.Errorf("Sprintf(%q, %q) = <%s> want <%s>", tt.fmt, tt.val, s, tt.out)
+				} else {
+					t.Errorf("Sprintf(%q, %v) = %q want %q", tt.fmt, tt.val, s, tt.out)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+var f float64
+
+// TestComplexFormatting checks that a complex always formats to the same
+// thing as if done by hand with two singleton prints.
+func TestComplexFormatting(t *testing.T) {
+	var yesNo = []bool{true, false}
+	var values = []float64{1, 0, -1, posInf, negInf, NaN}
+	p := NewPrinter(language.Und)
+	for _, plus := range yesNo {
+		for _, zero := range yesNo {
+			for _, space := range yesNo {
+				for _, char := range "fFeEgG" {
+					realFmt := "%"
+					if zero {
+						realFmt += "0"
+					}
+					if space {
+						realFmt += " "
+					}
+					if plus {
+						realFmt += "+"
+					}
+					realFmt += "10.2"
+					realFmt += string(char)
+					// Imaginary part always has a sign, so force + and ignore space.
+					imagFmt := "%"
+					if zero {
+						imagFmt += "0"
+					}
+					imagFmt += "+"
+					imagFmt += "10.2"
+					imagFmt += string(char)
+					for _, realValue := range values {
+						for _, imagValue := range values {
+							one := p.Sprintf(realFmt, complex(realValue, imagValue))
+							two := p.Sprintf("("+realFmt+imagFmt+"i)", realValue, imagValue)
+							if math.IsNaN(imagValue) {
+								p := len(two) - len("NaNi)") - 1
+								if two[p] == ' ' {
+									two = two[:p] + "+" + two[p+1:]
+								} else {
+									two = two[:p+1] + "+" + two[p+1:]
+								}
+							}
+							if one != two {
+								t.Error(f, one, two)
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+type SE []interface{} // slice of empty; notational compactness.
+
+var reorderTests = []struct {
+	format string
+	args   SE
+	out    string
+}{
+	{"%[1]d", SE{1}, "1"},
+	{"%[2]d", SE{2, 1}, "1"},
+	{"%[2]d %[1]d", SE{1, 2}, "2 1"},
+	{"%[2]*[1]d", SE{2, 5}, "    2"},
+	{"%6.2f", SE{12.0}, " 12.00"}, // Explicit version of next line.
+	{"%[3]*.[2]*[1]f", SE{12.0, 2, 6}, " 12.00"},
+	{"%[1]*.[2]*[3]f", SE{6, 2, 12.0}, " 12.00"},
+	{"%10f", SE{12.0}, " 12.000000"},
+	{"%[1]*[3]f", SE{10, 99, 12.0}, " 12.000000"},
+	{"%.6f", SE{12.0}, "12.000000"}, // Explicit version of next line.
+	{"%.[1]*[3]f", SE{6, 99, 12.0}, "12.000000"},
+	{"%6.f", SE{12.0}, "    12"}, //  // Explicit version of next line; empty precision means zero.
+	{"%[1]*.[3]f", SE{6, 3, 12.0}, "    12"},
+	// An actual use! Print the same arguments twice.
+	{"%d %d %d %#[1]o %#o %#o", SE{11, 12, 13}, "11 12 13 013 014 015"},
+
+	// Erroneous cases.
+	{"%[d", SE{2, 1}, "%!d(BADINDEX)"},
+	{"%]d", SE{2, 1}, "%!](int=2)d%!(EXTRA int=1)"},
+	{"%[]d", SE{2, 1}, "%!d(BADINDEX)"},
+	{"%[-3]d", SE{2, 1}, "%!d(BADINDEX)"},
+	{"%[99]d", SE{2, 1}, "%!d(BADINDEX)"},
+	{"%[3]", SE{2, 1}, "%!(NOVERB)"},
+	{"%[1].2d", SE{5, 6}, "%!d(BADINDEX)"},
+	{"%[1]2d", SE{2, 1}, "%!d(BADINDEX)"},
+	{"%3.[2]d", SE{7}, "%!d(BADINDEX)"},
+	{"%.[2]d", SE{7}, "%!d(BADINDEX)"},
+	{"%d %d %d %#[1]o %#o %#o %#o", SE{11, 12, 13}, "11 12 13 013 014 015 %!o(MISSING)"},
+	{"%[5]d %[2]d %d", SE{1, 2, 3}, "%!d(BADINDEX) 2 3"},
+	{"%d %[3]d %d", SE{1, 2}, "1 %!d(BADINDEX) 2"}, // Erroneous index does not affect sequence.
+	{"%.[]", SE{}, "%!](BADINDEX)"},                // Issue 10675
+	{"%.-3d", SE{42}, "%!-(int=42)3d"},             // TODO: Should this set return better error messages?
+	// The following messages are interpreted as if there is no substitution,
+	// in which case it is okay to have extra arguments. This is different
+	// semantics from the fmt package.
+	{"%2147483648d", SE{42}, "%!(NOVERB)"},
+	{"%-2147483648d", SE{42}, "%!(NOVERB)"},
+	{"%.2147483648d", SE{42}, "%!(NOVERB)"},
+}
+
+func TestReorder(t *testing.T) {
+	p := NewPrinter(language.Und)
+	for _, tc := range reorderTests {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprint(tc.format, "/", tc.args), func(t *testing.T) {
+			s := p.Sprintf(tc.format, tc.args...)
+			if s != tc.out {
+				t.Errorf("Sprintf(%q, %v) = %q want %q", tc.format, tc.args, s, tc.out)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkSprintfPadding(b *testing.B) {
+	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
+		p := NewPrinter(language.English)
+		for pb.Next() {
+			p.Sprintf("%16f", 1.0)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func BenchmarkSprintfEmpty(b *testing.B) {
+	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
+		p := NewPrinter(language.English)
+		for pb.Next() {
+			p.Sprintf("")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func BenchmarkSprintfString(b *testing.B) {
+	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
+		p := NewPrinter(language.English)
+		for pb.Next() {
+			p.Sprintf("%s", "hello")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func BenchmarkSprintfTruncateString(b *testing.B) {
+	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
+		p := NewPrinter(language.English)
+		for pb.Next() {
+			p.Sprintf("%.3s", "日本語日本語日本語")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func BenchmarkSprintfQuoteString(b *testing.B) {
+	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
+		p := NewPrinter(language.English)
+		for pb.Next() {
+			p.Sprintf("%q", "日本語日本語日本語")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func BenchmarkSprintfInt(b *testing.B) {
+	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
+		p := NewPrinter(language.English)
+		for pb.Next() {
+			p.Sprintf("%d", 5)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func BenchmarkSprintfIntInt(b *testing.B) {
+	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
+		p := NewPrinter(language.English)
+		for pb.Next() {
+			p.Sprintf("%d %d", 5, 6)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func BenchmarkSprintfPrefixedInt(b *testing.B) {
+	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
+		p := NewPrinter(language.English)
+		for pb.Next() {
+			p.Sprintf("This is some meaningless prefix text that needs to be scanned %d", 6)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func BenchmarkSprintfFloat(b *testing.B) {
+	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
+		p := NewPrinter(language.English)
+		for pb.Next() {
+			p.Sprintf("%g", 5.23184)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func BenchmarkSprintfComplex(b *testing.B) {
+	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
+		p := NewPrinter(language.English)
+		for pb.Next() {
+			p.Sprintf("%f", 5.23184+5.23184i)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func BenchmarkSprintfBoolean(b *testing.B) {
+	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
+		p := NewPrinter(language.English)
+		for pb.Next() {
+			p.Sprintf("%t", true)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func BenchmarkSprintfHexString(b *testing.B) {
+	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
+		p := NewPrinter(language.English)
+		for pb.Next() {
+			p.Sprintf("% #x", "0123456789abcdef")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func BenchmarkSprintfHexBytes(b *testing.B) {
+	data := []byte("0123456789abcdef")
+	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
+		p := NewPrinter(language.English)
+		for pb.Next() {
+			p.Sprintf("% #x", data)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func BenchmarkSprintfBytes(b *testing.B) {
+	data := []byte("0123456789abcdef")
+	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
+		p := NewPrinter(language.English)
+		for pb.Next() {
+			p.Sprintf("%v", data)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func BenchmarkSprintfStringer(b *testing.B) {
+	stringer := I(12345)
+	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
+		p := NewPrinter(language.English)
+		for pb.Next() {
+			p.Sprintf("%v", stringer)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func BenchmarkSprintfStructure(b *testing.B) {
+	s := &[]interface{}{SI{12345}, map[int]string{0: "hello"}}
+	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
+		p := NewPrinter(language.English)
+		for pb.Next() {
+			p.Sprintf("%#v", s)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func BenchmarkManyArgs(b *testing.B) {
+	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
+		var buf bytes.Buffer
+		p := NewPrinter(language.English)
+		for pb.Next() {
+			buf.Reset()
+			p.Fprintf(&buf, "%2d/%2d/%2d %d:%d:%d %s %s\n", 3, 4, 5, 11, 12, 13, "hello", "world")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func BenchmarkFprintInt(b *testing.B) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	p := NewPrinter(language.English)
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		buf.Reset()
+		p.Fprint(&buf, 123456)
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkFprintfBytes(b *testing.B) {
+	data := []byte(string("0123456789"))
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	p := NewPrinter(language.English)
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		buf.Reset()
+		p.Fprintf(&buf, "%s", data)
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkFprintIntNoAlloc(b *testing.B) {
+	var x interface{} = 123456
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	p := NewPrinter(language.English)
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		buf.Reset()
+		p.Fprint(&buf, x)
+	}
+}
+
+var mallocBuf bytes.Buffer
+var mallocPointer *int // A pointer so we know the interface value won't allocate.
+
+var mallocTest = []struct {
+	count int
+	desc  string
+	fn    func(p *Printer)
+}{
+	{0, `Sprintf("")`, func(p *Printer) { p.Sprintf("") }},
+	{1, `Sprintf("xxx")`, func(p *Printer) { p.Sprintf("xxx") }},
+	{2, `Sprintf("%x")`, func(p *Printer) { p.Sprintf("%x", 7) }},
+	{2, `Sprintf("%s")`, func(p *Printer) { p.Sprintf("%s", "hello") }},
+	{3, `Sprintf("%x %x")`, func(p *Printer) { p.Sprintf("%x %x", 7, 112) }},
+	{2, `Sprintf("%g")`, func(p *Printer) { p.Sprintf("%g", float32(3.14159)) }}, // TODO: Can this be 1?
+	{1, `Fprintf(buf, "%s")`, func(p *Printer) { mallocBuf.Reset(); p.Fprintf(&mallocBuf, "%s", "hello") }},
+	// If the interface value doesn't need to allocate, amortized allocation overhead should be zero.
+	{0, `Fprintf(buf, "%x %x %x")`, func(p *Printer) {
+		mallocBuf.Reset()
+		p.Fprintf(&mallocBuf, "%x %x %x", mallocPointer, mallocPointer, mallocPointer)
+	}},
+}
+
+var _ bytes.Buffer
+
+func TestCountMallocs(t *testing.T) {
+	switch {
+	case testing.Short():
+		t.Skip("skipping malloc count in short mode")
+	case runtime.GOMAXPROCS(0) > 1:
+		t.Skip("skipping; GOMAXPROCS>1")
+		// TODO: detect race detecter enabled.
+		// case race.Enabled:
+		// 	t.Skip("skipping malloc count under race detector")
+	}
+	p := NewPrinter(language.English)
+	for _, mt := range mallocTest {
+		mallocs := testing.AllocsPerRun(100, func() { mt.fn(p) })
+		if got, max := mallocs, float64(mt.count); got > max {
+			t.Errorf("%s: got %v allocs, want <=%v", mt.desc, got, max)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+type flagPrinter struct{}
+
+func (flagPrinter) Format(f fmt.State, c rune) {
+	s := "%"
+	for i := 0; i < 128; i++ {
+		if f.Flag(i) {
+			s += string(i)
+		}
+	}
+	if w, ok := f.Width(); ok {
+		s += fmt.Sprintf("%d", w)
+	}
+	if p, ok := f.Precision(); ok {
+		s += fmt.Sprintf(".%d", p)
+	}
+	s += string(c)
+	io.WriteString(f, "["+s+"]")
+}
+
+var flagtests = []struct {
+	in  string
+	out string
+}{
+	{"%a", "[%a]"},
+	{"%-a", "[%-a]"},
+	{"%+a", "[%+a]"},
+	{"%#a", "[%#a]"},
+	{"% a", "[% a]"},
+	{"%0a", "[%0a]"},
+	{"%1.2a", "[%1.2a]"},
+	{"%-1.2a", "[%-1.2a]"},
+	{"%+1.2a", "[%+1.2a]"},
+	{"%-+1.2a", "[%+-1.2a]"},
+	{"%-+1.2abc", "[%+-1.2a]bc"},
+	{"%-1.2abc", "[%-1.2a]bc"},
+}
+
+func TestFlagParser(t *testing.T) {
+	var flagprinter flagPrinter
+	for _, tt := range flagtests {
+		s := NewPrinter(language.Und).Sprintf(tt.in, &flagprinter)
+		if s != tt.out {
+			t.Errorf("Sprintf(%q, &flagprinter) => %q, want %q", tt.in, s, tt.out)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStructPrinter(t *testing.T) {
+	type T struct {
+		a string
+		b string
+		c int
+	}
+	var s T
+	s.a = "abc"
+	s.b = "def"
+	s.c = 123
+	var tests = []struct {
+		fmt string
+		out string
+	}{
+		{"%v", "{abc def 123}"},
+		{"%+v", "{a:abc b:def c:123}"},
+		{"%#v", `message.T{a:"abc", b:"def", c:123}`},
+	}
+	p := NewPrinter(language.Und)
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		out := p.Sprintf(tt.fmt, s)
+		if out != tt.out {
+			t.Errorf("Sprintf(%q, s) = %#q, want %#q", tt.fmt, out, tt.out)
+		}
+		// The same but with a pointer.
+		out = p.Sprintf(tt.fmt, &s)
+		if out != "&"+tt.out {
+			t.Errorf("Sprintf(%q, &s) = %#q, want %#q", tt.fmt, out, "&"+tt.out)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSlicePrinter(t *testing.T) {
+	p := NewPrinter(language.Und)
+	slice := []int{}
+	s := p.Sprint(slice)
+	if s != "[]" {
+		t.Errorf("empty slice printed as %q not %q", s, "[]")
+	}
+	slice = []int{1, 2, 3}
+	s = p.Sprint(slice)
+	if s != "[1 2 3]" {
+		t.Errorf("slice: got %q expected %q", s, "[1 2 3]")
+	}
+	s = p.Sprint(&slice)
+	if s != "&[1 2 3]" {
+		t.Errorf("&slice: got %q expected %q", s, "&[1 2 3]")
+	}
+}
+
+// presentInMap checks map printing using substrings so we don't depend on the
+// print order.
+func presentInMap(s string, a []string, t *testing.T) {
+	for i := 0; i < len(a); i++ {
+		loc := strings.Index(s, a[i])
+		if loc < 0 {
+			t.Errorf("map print: expected to find %q in %q", a[i], s)
+		}
+		// make sure the match ends here
+		loc += len(a[i])
+		if loc >= len(s) || (s[loc] != ' ' && s[loc] != ']') {
+			t.Errorf("map print: %q not properly terminated in %q", a[i], s)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMapPrinter(t *testing.T) {
+	p := NewPrinter(language.Und)
+	m0 := make(map[int]string)
+	s := p.Sprint(m0)
+	if s != "map[]" {
+		t.Errorf("empty map printed as %q not %q", s, "map[]")
+	}
+	m1 := map[int]string{1: "one", 2: "two", 3: "three"}
+	a := []string{"1:one", "2:two", "3:three"}
+	presentInMap(p.Sprintf("%v", m1), a, t)
+	presentInMap(p.Sprint(m1), a, t)
+	// Pointer to map prints the same but with initial &.
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(p.Sprint(&m1), "&") {
+		t.Errorf("no initial & for address of map")
+	}
+	presentInMap(p.Sprintf("%v", &m1), a, t)
+	presentInMap(p.Sprint(&m1), a, t)
+}
+
+func TestEmptyMap(t *testing.T) {
+	const emptyMapStr = "map[]"
+	var m map[string]int
+	p := NewPrinter(language.Und)
+	s := p.Sprint(m)
+	if s != emptyMapStr {
+		t.Errorf("nil map printed as %q not %q", s, emptyMapStr)
+	}
+	m = make(map[string]int)
+	s = p.Sprint(m)
+	if s != emptyMapStr {
+		t.Errorf("empty map printed as %q not %q", s, emptyMapStr)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestBlank checks that Sprint (and hence Print, Fprint) puts spaces in the
+// right places, that is, between arg pairs in which neither is a string.
+func TestBlank(t *testing.T) {
+	p := NewPrinter(language.Und)
+	got := p.Sprint("<", 1, ">:", 1, 2, 3, "!")
+	expect := "<1>:1 2 3!"
+	if got != expect {
+		t.Errorf("got %q expected %q", got, expect)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestBlankln checks that Sprintln (and hence Println, Fprintln) puts spaces in
+// the right places, that is, between all arg pairs.
+func TestBlankln(t *testing.T) {
+	p := NewPrinter(language.Und)
+	got := p.Sprintln("<", 1, ">:", 1, 2, 3, "!")
+	expect := "< 1 >: 1 2 3 !\n"
+	if got != expect {
+		t.Errorf("got %q expected %q", got, expect)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestFormatterPrintln checks Formatter with Sprint, Sprintln, Sprintf.
+func TestFormatterPrintln(t *testing.T) {
+	p := NewPrinter(language.Und)
+	f := F(1)
+	expect := "<v=F(1)>\n"
+	s := p.Sprint(f, "\n")
+	if s != expect {
+		t.Errorf("Sprint wrong with Formatter: expected %q got %q", expect, s)
+	}
+	s = p.Sprintln(f)
+	if s != expect {
+		t.Errorf("Sprintln wrong with Formatter: expected %q got %q", expect, s)
+	}
+	s = p.Sprintf("%v\n", f)
+	if s != expect {
+		t.Errorf("Sprintf wrong with Formatter: expected %q got %q", expect, s)
+	}
+}
+
+func args(a ...interface{}) []interface{} { return a }
+
+var startests = []struct {
+	fmt string
+	in  []interface{}
+	out string
+}{
+	{"%*d", args(4, 42), "  42"},
+	{"%-*d", args(4, 42), "42  "},
+	{"%*d", args(-4, 42), "42  "},
+	{"%-*d", args(-4, 42), "42  "},
+	{"%.*d", args(4, 42), "0,042"},
+	{"%*.*d", args(8, 4, 42), "   0,042"},
+	{"%0*d", args(4, 42), "0,042"},
+	// Some non-int types for width. (Issue 10732).
+	{"%0*d", args(uint(4), 42), "0,042"},
+	{"%0*d", args(uint64(4), 42), "0,042"},
+	{"%0*d", args('\x04', 42), "0,042"},
+	{"%0*d", args(uintptr(4), 42), "0,042"},
+
+	// erroneous
+	{"%*d", args(nil, 42), "%!(BADWIDTH)42"},
+	{"%*d", args(int(1e7), 42), "%!(BADWIDTH)42"},
+	{"%*d", args(int(-1e7), 42), "%!(BADWIDTH)42"},
+	{"%.*d", args(nil, 42), "%!(BADPREC)42"},
+	{"%.*d", args(-1, 42), "%!(BADPREC)42"},
+	{"%.*d", args(int(1e7), 42), "%!(BADPREC)42"},
+	{"%.*d", args(uint(1e7), 42), "%!(BADPREC)42"},
+	{"%.*d", args(uint64(1<<63), 42), "%!(BADPREC)42"},   // Huge negative (-inf).
+	{"%.*d", args(uint64(1<<64-1), 42), "%!(BADPREC)42"}, // Small negative (-1).
+	{"%*d", args(5, "foo"), "%!d(string=  foo)"},
+	{"%*% %d", args(20, 5), "% 5"},
+	{"%*", args(4), "%!(NOVERB)"},
+}
+
+func TestWidthAndPrecision(t *testing.T) {
+	p := NewPrinter(language.Und)
+	for i, tt := range startests {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprint(tt.fmt, tt.in), func(t *testing.T) {
+			s := p.Sprintf(tt.fmt, tt.in...)
+			if s != tt.out {
+				t.Errorf("#%d: %q: got %q expected %q", i, tt.fmt, s, tt.out)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// PanicS is a type that panics in String.
+type PanicS struct {
+	message interface{}
+}
+
+// Value receiver.
+func (p PanicS) String() string {
+	panic(p.message)
+}
+
+// PanicGo is a type that panics in GoString.
+type PanicGo struct {
+	message interface{}
+}
+
+// Value receiver.
+func (p PanicGo) GoString() string {
+	panic(p.message)
+}
+
+// PanicF is a type that panics in Format.
+type PanicF struct {
+	message interface{}
+}
+
+// Value receiver.
+func (p PanicF) Format(f fmt.State, c rune) {
+	panic(p.message)
+}
+
+var panictests = []struct {
+	desc string
+	fmt  string
+	in   interface{}
+	out  string
+}{
+	// String
+	{"String", "%s", (*PanicS)(nil), "<nil>"}, // nil pointer special case
+	{"String", "%s", PanicS{io.ErrUnexpectedEOF}, "%!s(PANIC=unexpected EOF)"},
+	{"String", "%s", PanicS{3}, "%!s(PANIC=3)"},
+	// GoString
+	{"GoString", "%#v", (*PanicGo)(nil), "<nil>"}, // nil pointer special case
+	{"GoString", "%#v", PanicGo{io.ErrUnexpectedEOF}, "%!v(PANIC=unexpected EOF)"},
+	{"GoString", "%#v", PanicGo{3}, "%!v(PANIC=3)"},
+	// Issue 18282. catchPanic should not clear fmtFlags permanently.
+	{"Issue 18282", "%#v", []interface{}{PanicGo{3}, PanicGo{3}}, "[]interface {}{%!v(PANIC=3), %!v(PANIC=3)}"},
+	// Format
+	{"Format", "%s", (*PanicF)(nil), "<nil>"}, // nil pointer special case
+	{"Format", "%s", PanicF{io.ErrUnexpectedEOF}, "%!s(PANIC=unexpected EOF)"},
+	{"Format", "%s", PanicF{3}, "%!s(PANIC=3)"},
+}
+
+func TestPanics(t *testing.T) {
+	p := NewPrinter(language.Und)
+	for i, tt := range panictests {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprint(tt.desc, "/", tt.fmt, "/", tt.in), func(t *testing.T) {
+			s := p.Sprintf(tt.fmt, tt.in)
+			if s != tt.out {
+				t.Errorf("%d: %q: got %q expected %q", i, tt.fmt, s, tt.out)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// recurCount tests that erroneous String routine doesn't cause fatal recursion.
+var recurCount = 0
+
+type Recur struct {
+	i      int
+	failed *bool
+}
+
+func (r *Recur) String() string {
+	p := NewPrinter(language.Und)
+	if recurCount++; recurCount > 10 {
+		*r.failed = true
+		return "FAIL"
+	}
+	// This will call badVerb. Before the fix, that would cause us to recur into
+	// this routine to print %!p(value). Now we don't call the user's method
+	// during an error.
+	return p.Sprintf("recur@%p value: %d", r, r.i)
+}
+
+func TestBadVerbRecursion(t *testing.T) {
+	p := NewPrinter(language.Und)
+	failed := false
+	r := &Recur{3, &failed}
+	p.Sprintf("recur@%p value: %d\n", &r, r.i)
+	if failed {
+		t.Error("fail with pointer")
+	}
+	failed = false
+	r = &Recur{4, &failed}
+	p.Sprintf("recur@%p, value: %d\n", r, r.i)
+	if failed {
+		t.Error("fail with value")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNilDoesNotBecomeTyped(t *testing.T) {
+	p := NewPrinter(language.Und)
+	type A struct{}
+	type B struct{}
+	var a *A = nil
+	var b B = B{}
+	got := p.Sprintf("%s %s %s %s %s", nil, a, nil, b, nil) // go vet should complain about this line.
+	const expect = "%!s(<nil>) %!s(*message.A=<nil>) %!s(<nil>) {} %!s(<nil>)"
+	if got != expect {
+		t.Errorf("expected:\n\t%q\ngot:\n\t%q", expect, got)
+	}
+}
+
+var formatterFlagTests = []struct {
+	in  string
+	val interface{}
+	out string
+}{
+	// scalar values with the (unused by fmt) 'a' verb.
+	{"%a", flagPrinter{}, "[%a]"},
+	{"%-a", flagPrinter{}, "[%-a]"},
+	{"%+a", flagPrinter{}, "[%+a]"},
+	{"%#a", flagPrinter{}, "[%#a]"},
+	{"% a", flagPrinter{}, "[% a]"},
+	{"%0a", flagPrinter{}, "[%0a]"},
+	{"%1.2a", flagPrinter{}, "[%1.2a]"},
+	{"%-1.2a", flagPrinter{}, "[%-1.2a]"},
+	{"%+1.2a", flagPrinter{}, "[%+1.2a]"},
+	{"%-+1.2a", flagPrinter{}, "[%+-1.2a]"},
+	{"%-+1.2abc", flagPrinter{}, "[%+-1.2a]bc"},
+	{"%-1.2abc", flagPrinter{}, "[%-1.2a]bc"},
+
+	// composite values with the 'a' verb
+	{"%a", [1]flagPrinter{}, "[[%a]]"},
+	{"%-a", [1]flagPrinter{}, "[[%-a]]"},
+	{"%+a", [1]flagPrinter{}, "[[%+a]]"},
+	{"%#a", [1]flagPrinter{}, "[[%#a]]"},
+	{"% a", [1]flagPrinter{}, "[[% a]]"},
+	{"%0a", [1]flagPrinter{}, "[[%0a]]"},
+	{"%1.2a", [1]flagPrinter{}, "[[%1.2a]]"},
+	{"%-1.2a", [1]flagPrinter{}, "[[%-1.2a]]"},
+	{"%+1.2a", [1]flagPrinter{}, "[[%+1.2a]]"},
+	{"%-+1.2a", [1]flagPrinter{}, "[[%+-1.2a]]"},
+	{"%-+1.2abc", [1]flagPrinter{}, "[[%+-1.2a]]bc"},
+	{"%-1.2abc", [1]flagPrinter{}, "[[%-1.2a]]bc"},
+
+	// simple values with the 'v' verb
+	{"%v", flagPrinter{}, "[%v]"},
+	{"%-v", flagPrinter{}, "[%-v]"},
+	{"%+v", flagPrinter{}, "[%+v]"},
+	{"%#v", flagPrinter{}, "[%#v]"},
+	{"% v", flagPrinter{}, "[% v]"},
+	{"%0v", flagPrinter{}, "[%0v]"},
+	{"%1.2v", flagPrinter{}, "[%1.2v]"},
+	{"%-1.2v", flagPrinter{}, "[%-1.2v]"},
+	{"%+1.2v", flagPrinter{}, "[%+1.2v]"},
+	{"%-+1.2v", flagPrinter{}, "[%+-1.2v]"},
+	{"%-+1.2vbc", flagPrinter{}, "[%+-1.2v]bc"},
+	{"%-1.2vbc", flagPrinter{}, "[%-1.2v]bc"},
+
+	// composite values with the 'v' verb.
+	{"%v", [1]flagPrinter{}, "[[%v]]"},
+	{"%-v", [1]flagPrinter{}, "[[%-v]]"},
+	{"%+v", [1]flagPrinter{}, "[[%+v]]"},
+	{"%#v", [1]flagPrinter{}, "[1]message.flagPrinter{[%#v]}"},
+	{"% v", [1]flagPrinter{}, "[[% v]]"},
+	{"%0v", [1]flagPrinter{}, "[[%0v]]"},
+	{"%1.2v", [1]flagPrinter{}, "[[%1.2v]]"},
+	{"%-1.2v", [1]flagPrinter{}, "[[%-1.2v]]"},
+	{"%+1.2v", [1]flagPrinter{}, "[[%+1.2v]]"},
+	{"%-+1.2v", [1]flagPrinter{}, "[[%+-1.2v]]"},
+	{"%-+1.2vbc", [1]flagPrinter{}, "[[%+-1.2v]]bc"},
+	{"%-1.2vbc", [1]flagPrinter{}, "[[%-1.2v]]bc"},
+}
+
+func TestFormatterFlags(t *testing.T) {
+	p := NewPrinter(language.Und)
+	for _, tt := range formatterFlagTests {
+		s := p.Sprintf(tt.in, tt.val)
+		if s != tt.out {
+			t.Errorf("Sprintf(%q, %T) = %q, want %q", tt.in, tt.val, s, tt.out)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParsenum(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		s          string
+		start, end int
+		num        int
+		isnum      bool
+		newi       int
+	}{
+		{"a123", 0, 4, 0, false, 0},
+		{"1234", 1, 1, 0, false, 1},
+		{"123a", 0, 4, 123, true, 3},
+		{"12a3", 0, 4, 12, true, 2},
+		{"1234", 0, 4, 1234, true, 4},
+		{"1a234", 1, 3, 0, false, 1},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range testCases {
+		num, isnum, newi := parsenum(tt.s, tt.start, tt.end)
+		if num != tt.num || isnum != tt.isnum || newi != tt.newi {
+			t.Errorf("parsenum(%q, %d, %d) = %d, %v, %d, want %d, %v, %d", tt.s, tt.start, tt.end, num, isnum, newi, tt.num, tt.isnum, tt.newi)
+		}
+	}
+}