geographiclib 0.0.1

data/ext/geographiclib/GeographicLib/Georef.hpp

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+/**
+ * \file Georef.hpp
+ * \brief Header for GeographicLib::Georef class
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) Charles Karney (2015) <charles@karney.com> and licensed under
+ * the MIT/X11 License.  For more information, see
+ * http://geographiclib.sourceforge.net/
+ **********************************************************************/
+
+#if !defined(GEOGRAPHICLIB_GEOREF_HPP)
+#define GEOGRAPHICLIB_GEOREF_HPP 1
+
+#include <GeographicLib/Constants.hpp>
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+// Squelch warnings about dll vs string
+#  pragma warning (push)
+#  pragma warning (disable: 4251)
+#endif
+
+namespace GeographicLib {
+
+  /**
+   * \brief Conversions for the World Geographic Reference System (georef)
+   *
+   * The World Geographic Reference System is described in
+   * - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georef
+   * - http://earth-info.nga.mil/GandG/coordsys/grids/georef.pdf
+   * .
+   * It provides a compact string representation of a geographic area
+   * (expressed as latitude and longitude).  The classes GARS and Geohash
+   * implement similar compact representations.
+   *
+   * Example of use:
+   * \include example-Georef.cpp
+   **********************************************************************/
+
+  class GEOGRAPHICLIB_EXPORT Georef {
+  private:
+    typedef Math::real real;
+    static const std::string digits_;
+    static const std::string lontile_;
+    static const std::string lattile_;
+    static const std::string degrees_;
+    enum {
+      tile_ = 15,               // The size of tile in degrees
+      lonorig_ = -180,          // Origin for longitude
+      latorig_ = -90,           // Origin for latitude
+      base_ = 10,               // Base for minutes
+      baselen_ = 4,
+      maxprec_ = 11,            // approximately equivalent to MGRS class
+      maxlen_ = baselen_ + 2 * maxprec_,
+    };
+    Georef();                     // Disable constructor
+
+  public:
+
+    /**
+     * Convert from geographic coordinates to georef.
+     *
+     * @param[in] lat latitude of point (degrees).
+     * @param[in] lon longitude of point (degrees).
+     * @param[in] prec the precision of the resulting georef.
+     * @param[out] georef the georef string.
+     * @exception GeographicErr if \e lat is not in [&minus;90&deg;,
+     *   90&deg;].
+     * @exception std::bad_alloc if memory for \e georef can't be allocated.
+     *
+     * \e prec specifies the precision of \e georef as follows:
+     * - \e prec = &minus;1 (min), 15&deg;
+     * - \e prec = 0, 1&deg;
+     * - \e prec = 1, converted to \e prec = 2
+     * - \e prec = 2, 1'
+     * - \e prec = 3, 0.1'
+     * - \e prec = 4, 0.01'
+     * - \e prec = 5, 0.001'
+     * - &hellip;
+     * - \e prec = 11 (max), 10<sup>&minus;9</sup>'
+     *
+     * If \e lat or \e lon is NaN, then \e georef is set to "INVALID".
+     **********************************************************************/
+    static void Forward(real lat, real lon, int prec, std::string& georef);
+
+    /**
+     * Convert from Georef to geographic coordinates.
+     *
+     * @param[in] georef the Georef.
+     * @param[out] lat latitude of point (degrees).
+     * @param[out] lon longitude of point (degrees).
+     * @param[out] prec the precision of \e georef.
+     * @param[in] centerp if true (the default) return the center
+     *   \e georef, otherwise return the south-west corner.
+     * @exception GeographicErr if \e georef is illegal.
+     *
+     * The case of the letters in \e georef is ignored.  \e prec is in the
+     * range [&minus;1, 11] and gives the precision of \e georef as follows:
+     * - \e prec = &minus;1 (min), 15&deg;
+     * - \e prec = 0, 1&deg;
+     * - \e prec = 1, not returned
+     * - \e prec = 2, 1'
+     * - \e prec = 3, 0.1'
+     * - \e prec = 4, 0.01'
+     * - \e prec = 5, 0.001'
+     * - &hellip;
+     * - \e prec = 11 (max), 10<sup>&minus;9</sup>'
+     *
+     * If the first 3 characters of \e georef are "INV", then \e lat and \e lon
+     * are set to NaN and \e prec is unchanged.
+     **********************************************************************/
+    static void Reverse(const std::string& georef, real& lat, real& lon,
+                        int& prec, bool centerp = true);
+
+    /**
+     * The angular resolution of a Georef.
+     *
+     * @param[in] prec the precision of the Georef.
+     * @return the latitude-longitude resolution (degrees).
+     *
+     * Internally, \e prec is first put in the range [&minus;1, 11].
+     **********************************************************************/
+    static Math::real Resolution(int prec) {
+      if (prec < 1)
+        return real(prec < 0 ? 15 : 1);
+      else {
+        using std::pow;
+        // Treat prec = 1 as 2.
+        prec = (std::max)(2, (std::min)(int(maxprec_), prec));
+        return 1/(60 * pow(real(base_), prec - 2));
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The Georef precision required to meet a given geographic resolution.
+     *
+     * @param[in] res the minimum of resolution in latitude and longitude
+     *   (degrees).
+     * @return Georef precision.
+     *
+     * The returned length is in the range [0, 11].
+     **********************************************************************/
+    static int Precision(real res) {
+      using std::abs; res = abs(res);
+      for (int prec = 0; prec < maxprec_; ++prec) {
+        if (prec == 1)
+          continue;
+        if (Resolution(prec) <= res)
+          return prec;
+      }
+      return maxprec_;
+    }
+
+  };
+
+} // namespace GeographicLib
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#  pragma warning (pop)
+#endif
+
+#endif  // GEOGRAPHICLIB_GEOREF_HPP

data/ext/geographiclib/GeographicLib/Gnomonic.hpp

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+/**
+ * \file Gnomonic.hpp
+ * \brief Header for GeographicLib::Gnomonic class
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) Charles Karney (2010-2015) <charles@karney.com> and licensed
+ * under the MIT/X11 License.  For more information, see
+ * http://geographiclib.sourceforge.net/
+ **********************************************************************/
+
+#if !defined(GEOGRAPHICLIB_GNOMONIC_HPP)
+#define GEOGRAPHICLIB_GNOMONIC_HPP 1
+
+#include <GeographicLib/Geodesic.hpp>
+#include <GeographicLib/GeodesicLine.hpp>
+#include <GeographicLib/Constants.hpp>
+
+namespace GeographicLib {
+
+  /**
+   * \brief %Gnomonic projection
+   *
+   * %Gnomonic projection centered at an arbitrary position \e C on the
+   * ellipsoid.  This projection is derived in Section 8 of
+   * - C. F. F. Karney,
+   *   <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00190-012-0578-z">
+   *   Algorithms for geodesics</a>,
+   *   J. Geodesy <b>87</b>, 43--55 (2013);
+   *   DOI: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00190-012-0578-z">
+   *   10.1007/s00190-012-0578-z</a>;
+   *   addenda: <a href="http://geographiclib.sourceforge.net/geod-addenda.html">
+   *   geod-addenda.html</a>.
+   * .
+   * The projection of \e P is defined as follows: compute the geodesic line
+   * from \e C to \e P; compute the reduced length \e m12, geodesic scale \e
+   * M12, and &rho; = <i>m12</i>/\e M12; finally \e x = &rho; sin \e azi1; \e
+   * y = &rho; cos \e azi1, where \e azi1 is the azimuth of the geodesic at \e
+   * C.  The Gnomonic::Forward and Gnomonic::Reverse methods also return the
+   * azimuth \e azi of the geodesic at \e P and reciprocal scale \e rk in the
+   * azimuthal direction.  The scale in the radial direction if
+   * 1/<i>rk</i><sup>2</sup>.
+   *
+   * For a sphere, &rho; is reduces to \e a tan(<i>s12</i>/<i>a</i>), where \e
+   * s12 is the length of the geodesic from \e C to \e P, and the gnomonic
+   * projection has the property that all geodesics appear as straight lines.
+   * For an ellipsoid, this property holds only for geodesics interesting the
+   * centers.  However geodesic segments close to the center are approximately
+   * straight.
+   *
+   * Consider a geodesic segment of length \e l.  Let \e T be the point on the
+   * geodesic (extended if necessary) closest to \e C the center of the
+   * projection and \e t be the distance \e CT.  To lowest order, the maximum
+   * deviation (as a true distance) of the corresponding gnomonic line segment
+   * (i.e., with the same end points) from the geodesic is<br>
+   * <br>
+   * (<i>K</i>(<i>T</i>) - <i>K</i>(<i>C</i>))
+   * <i>l</i><sup>2</sup> \e t / 32.<br>
+   * <br>
+   * where \e K is the Gaussian curvature.
+   *
+   * This result applies for any surface.  For an ellipsoid of revolution,
+   * consider all geodesics whose end points are within a distance \e r of \e
+   * C.  For a given \e r, the deviation is maximum when the latitude of \e C
+   * is 45&deg;, when endpoints are a distance \e r away, and when their
+   * azimuths from the center are &plusmn; 45&deg; or &plusmn; 135&deg;.
+   * To lowest order in \e r and the flattening \e f, the deviation is \e f
+   * (<i>r</i>/2<i>a</i>)<sup>3</sup> \e r.
+   *
+   * The conversions all take place using a Geodesic object (by default
+   * Geodesic::WGS84()).  For more information on geodesics see \ref geodesic.
+   *
+   * <b>CAUTION:</b> The definition of this projection for a sphere is
+   * standard.  However, there is no standard for how it should be extended to
+   * an ellipsoid.  The choices are:
+   * - Declare that the projection is undefined for an ellipsoid.
+   * - Project to a tangent plane from the center of the ellipsoid.  This
+   *   causes great ellipses to appear as straight lines in the projection;
+   *   i.e., it generalizes the spherical great circle to a great ellipse.
+   *   This was proposed by independently by Bowring and Williams in 1997.
+   * - Project to the conformal sphere with the constant of integration chosen
+   *   so that the values of the latitude match for the center point and
+   *   perform a central projection onto the plane tangent to the conformal
+   *   sphere at the center point.  This causes normal sections through the
+   *   center point to appear as straight lines in the projection; i.e., it
+   *   generalizes the spherical great circle to a normal section.  This was
+   *   proposed by I. G. Letoval'tsev, Generalization of the gnomonic
+   *   projection for a spheroid and the principal geodetic problems involved
+   *   in the alignment of surface routes, Geodesy and Aerophotography (5),
+   *   271--274 (1963).
+   * - The projection given here.  This causes geodesics close to the center
+   *   point to appear as straight lines in the projection; i.e., it
+   *   generalizes the spherical great circle to a geodesic.
+   *
+   * Example of use:
+   * \include example-Gnomonic.cpp
+   *
+   * <a href="GeodesicProj.1.html">GeodesicProj</a> is a command-line utility
+   * providing access to the functionality of AzimuthalEquidistant, Gnomonic,
+   * and CassiniSoldner.
+   **********************************************************************/
+
+  class GEOGRAPHICLIB_EXPORT Gnomonic {
+  private:
+    typedef Math::real real;
+    real eps0_, eps_;
+    Geodesic _earth;
+    real _a, _f;
+    static const int numit_ = 10;
+  public:
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor for Gnomonic.
+     *
+     * @param[in] earth the Geodesic object to use for geodesic calculations.
+     *   By default this uses the WGS84 ellipsoid.
+     **********************************************************************/
+    explicit Gnomonic(const Geodesic& earth = Geodesic::WGS84());
+
+    /**
+     * Forward projection, from geographic to gnomonic.
+     *
+     * @param[in] lat0 latitude of center point of projection (degrees).
+     * @param[in] lon0 longitude of center point of projection (degrees).
+     * @param[in] lat latitude of point (degrees).
+     * @param[in] lon longitude of point (degrees).
+     * @param[out] x easting of point (meters).
+     * @param[out] y northing of point (meters).
+     * @param[out] azi azimuth of geodesic at point (degrees).
+     * @param[out] rk reciprocal of azimuthal scale at point.
+     *
+     * \e lat0 and \e lat should be in the range [&minus;90&deg;, 90&deg;].
+     * The scale of the projection is 1/<i>rk</i><sup>2</sup> in the "radial"
+     * direction, \e azi clockwise from true north, and is 1/\e rk in the
+     * direction perpendicular to this.  If the point lies "over the horizon",
+     * i.e., if \e rk &le; 0, then NaNs are returned for \e x and \e y (the
+     * correct values are returned for \e azi and \e rk).  A call to Forward
+     * followed by a call to Reverse will return the original (\e lat, \e lon)
+     * (to within roundoff) provided the point in not over the horizon.
+     **********************************************************************/
+    void Forward(real lat0, real lon0, real lat, real lon,
+                 real& x, real& y, real& azi, real& rk) const;
+
+    /**
+     * Reverse projection, from gnomonic to geographic.
+     *
+     * @param[in] lat0 latitude of center point of projection (degrees).
+     * @param[in] lon0 longitude of center point of projection (degrees).
+     * @param[in] x easting of point (meters).
+     * @param[in] y northing of point (meters).
+     * @param[out] lat latitude of point (degrees).
+     * @param[out] lon longitude of point (degrees).
+     * @param[out] azi azimuth of geodesic at point (degrees).
+     * @param[out] rk reciprocal of azimuthal scale at point.
+     *
+     * \e lat0 should be in the range [&minus;90&deg;, 90&deg;].  \e lat will
+     * be in the range [&minus;90&deg;, 90&deg;] and \e lon will be in the
+     * range [&minus;180&deg;, 180&deg;).  The scale of the projection is
+     * 1/<i>rk</i><sup>2</sup> in the "radial" direction, \e azi clockwise from
+     * true north, and is 1/\e rk in the direction perpendicular to this.  Even
+     * though all inputs should return a valid \e lat and \e lon, it's possible
+     * that the procedure fails to converge for very large \e x or \e y; in
+     * this case NaNs are returned for all the output arguments.  A call to
+     * Reverse followed by a call to Forward will return the original (\e x, \e
+     * y) (to roundoff).
+     **********************************************************************/
+    void Reverse(real lat0, real lon0, real x, real y,
+                 real& lat, real& lon, real& azi, real& rk) const;
+
+    /**
+     * Gnomonic::Forward without returning the azimuth and scale.
+     **********************************************************************/
+    void Forward(real lat0, real lon0, real lat, real lon,
+                 real& x, real& y) const {
+      real azi, rk;
+      Forward(lat0, lon0, lat, lon, x, y, azi, rk);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gnomonic::Reverse without returning the azimuth and scale.
+     **********************************************************************/
+    void Reverse(real lat0, real lon0, real x, real y,
+                 real& lat, real& lon) const {
+      real azi, rk;
+      Reverse(lat0, lon0, x, y, lat, lon, azi, rk);
+    }
+
+    /** \name Inspector functions
+     **********************************************************************/
+    ///@{
+    /**
+     * @return \e a the equatorial radius of the ellipsoid (meters).  This is
+     *   the value inherited from the Geodesic object used in the constructor.
+     **********************************************************************/
+    Math::real MajorRadius() const { return _earth.MajorRadius(); }
+
+    /**
+     * @return \e f the flattening of the ellipsoid.  This is the value
+     *   inherited from the Geodesic object used in the constructor.
+     **********************************************************************/
+    Math::real Flattening() const { return _earth.Flattening(); }
+    ///@}
+
+  };
+
+} // namespace GeographicLib
+
+#endif  // GEOGRAPHICLIB_GNOMONIC_HPP

data/ext/geographiclib/GeographicLib/GravityCircle.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+/**
+ * \file GravityCircle.hpp
+ * \brief Header for GeographicLib::GravityCircle class
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) Charles Karney (2011-2015) <charles@karney.com> and licensed
+ * under the MIT/X11 License.  For more information, see
+ * http://geographiclib.sourceforge.net/
+ **********************************************************************/
+
+#if !defined(GEOGRAPHICLIB_GRAVITYCIRCLE_HPP)
+#define GEOGRAPHICLIB_GRAVITYCIRCLE_HPP 1
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <GeographicLib/Constants.hpp>
+#include <GeographicLib/CircularEngine.hpp>
+#include <GeographicLib/GravityModel.hpp>
+
+namespace GeographicLib {
+
+  /**
+   * \brief Gravity on a circle of latitude
+   *
+   * Evaluate the earth's gravity field on a circle of constant height and
+   * latitude.  This uses a CircularEngine to pre-evaluate the inner sum of the
+   * spherical harmonic sum, allowing the values of the field at several
+   * different longitudes to be evaluated rapidly.
+   *
+   * Use GravityModel::Circle to create a GravityCircle object.  (The
+   * constructor for this class is private.)
+   *
+   * See \ref gravityparallel for an example of using GravityCircle (together
+   * with OpenMP) to speed up the computation of geoid heights.
+   *
+   * Example of use:
+   * \include example-GravityCircle.cpp
+   *
+   * <a href="Gravity.1.html">Gravity</a> is a command-line utility providing
+   * access to the functionality of GravityModel and GravityCircle.
+   **********************************************************************/
+
+  class GEOGRAPHICLIB_EXPORT GravityCircle {
+  private:
+    typedef Math::real real;
+    enum mask {
+      NONE                 = GravityModel::NONE,
+      GRAVITY              = GravityModel::GRAVITY,
+      DISTURBANCE          = GravityModel::DISTURBANCE,
+      DISTURBING_POTENTIAL = GravityModel::DISTURBING_POTENTIAL,
+      GEOID_HEIGHT         = GravityModel::GEOID_HEIGHT,
+      SPHERICAL_ANOMALY    = GravityModel::SPHERICAL_ANOMALY,
+      ALL                  = GravityModel::ALL,
+    };
+
+    unsigned _caps;
+    real _a, _f, _lat, _h, _Z, _Px, _invR, _cpsi, _spsi,
+      _cphi, _sphi, _amodel, _GMmodel, _dzonal0,
+      _corrmult, _gamma0, _gamma, _frot;
+    CircularEngine _gravitational, _disturbing, _correction;
+
+    GravityCircle(mask caps, real a, real f, real lat, real h,
+                  real Z, real P, real cphi, real sphi,
+                  real amodel, real GMmodel, real dzonal0, real corrmult,
+                  real gamma0, real gamma, real frot,
+                  const CircularEngine& gravitational,
+                  const CircularEngine& disturbing,
+                  const CircularEngine& correction)
+      : _caps(caps)
+      , _a(a)
+      , _f(f)
+      , _lat(Math::LatFix(lat))
+      , _h(h)
+      , _Z(Z)
+      , _Px(P)
+      , _invR(1 / Math::hypot(_Px, _Z))
+      , _cpsi(_Px * _invR)
+      , _spsi(_Z * _invR)
+      , _cphi(cphi)
+      , _sphi(sphi)
+      , _amodel(amodel)
+      , _GMmodel(GMmodel)
+      , _dzonal0(dzonal0)
+      , _corrmult(corrmult)
+      , _gamma0(gamma0)
+      , _gamma(gamma)
+      , _frot(frot)
+      , _gravitational(gravitational)
+      , _disturbing(disturbing)
+      , _correction(correction)
+    {}
+
+    friend class GravityModel; // GravityModel calls the private constructor
+    Math::real W(real slam, real clam,
+                 real& gX, real& gY, real& gZ) const;
+    Math::real V(real slam, real clam,
+                 real& gX, real& gY, real& gZ) const;
+    Math::real InternalT(real slam, real clam,
+                         real& deltaX, real& deltaY, real& deltaZ,
+                         bool gradp, bool correct) const;
+  public:
+    /**
+     * A default constructor for the normal gravity.  This sets up an
+     * uninitialized object which can be later replaced by the
+     * GravityModel::Circle.
+     **********************************************************************/
+    GravityCircle() : _a(-1) {}
+
+    /** \name Compute the gravitational field
+     **********************************************************************/
+    ///@{
+    /**
+     * Evaluate the gravity.
+     *
+     * @param[in] lon the geographic longitude (degrees).
+     * @param[out] gx the easterly component of the acceleration
+     *   (m s<sup>&minus;2</sup>).
+     * @param[out] gy the northerly component of the acceleration
+     *   (m s<sup>&minus;2</sup>).
+     * @param[out] gz the upward component of the acceleration
+     *   (m s<sup>&minus;2</sup>); this is usually negative.
+     * @return \e W the sum of the gravitational and centrifugal potentials.
+     *
+     * The function includes the effects of the earth's rotation.
+     **********************************************************************/
+    Math::real Gravity(real lon, real& gx, real& gy, real& gz) const;
+
+    /**
+     * Evaluate the gravity disturbance vector.
+     *
+     * @param[in] lon the geographic longitude (degrees).
+     * @param[out] deltax the easterly component of the disturbance vector
+     *   (m s<sup>&minus;2</sup>).
+     * @param[out] deltay the northerly component of the disturbance vector
+     *   (m s<sup>&minus;2</sup>).
+     * @param[out] deltaz the upward component of the disturbance vector
+     *   (m s<sup>&minus;2</sup>).
+     * @return \e T the corresponding disturbing potential.
+     **********************************************************************/
+    Math::real Disturbance(real lon, real& deltax, real& deltay, real& deltaz)
+      const;
+
+    /**
+     * Evaluate the geoid height.
+     *
+     * @param[in] lon the geographic longitude (degrees).
+     * @return \e N the height of the geoid above the reference ellipsoid
+     *   (meters).
+     *
+     * Some approximations are made in computing the geoid height so that the
+     * results of the NGA codes are reproduced accurately.  Details are given
+     * in \ref gravitygeoid.
+     **********************************************************************/
+    Math::real GeoidHeight(real lon) const;
+
+    /**
+     * Evaluate the components of the gravity anomaly vector using the
+     * spherical approximation.
+     *
+     * @param[in] lon the geographic longitude (degrees).
+     * @param[out] Dg01 the gravity anomaly (m s<sup>&minus;2</sup>).
+     * @param[out] xi the northerly component of the deflection of the vertical
+     *  (degrees).
+     * @param[out] eta the easterly component of the deflection of the vertical
+     *  (degrees).
+     *
+     * The spherical approximation (see Heiskanen and Moritz, Sec 2-14) is used
+     * so that the results of the NGA codes are reproduced accurately.
+     * approximations used here.  Details are given in \ref gravitygeoid.
+     **********************************************************************/
+    void SphericalAnomaly(real lon, real& Dg01, real& xi, real& eta)
+      const;
+
+    /**
+     * Evaluate the components of the acceleration due to gravity and the
+     * centrifugal acceleration in geocentric coordinates.
+     *
+     * @param[in] lon the geographic longitude (degrees).
+     * @param[out] gX the \e X component of the acceleration
+     *   (m s<sup>&minus;2</sup>).
+     * @param[out] gY the \e Y component of the acceleration
+     *   (m s<sup>&minus;2</sup>).
+     * @param[out] gZ the \e Z component of the acceleration
+     *   (m s<sup>&minus;2</sup>).
+     * @return \e W = \e V + &Phi; the sum of the gravitational and
+     *   centrifugal potentials (m<sup>2</sup> s<sup>&minus;2</sup>).
+     **********************************************************************/
+    Math::real W(real lon, real& gX, real& gY, real& gZ) const {
+      real slam, clam;
+      Math::sincosd(lon, slam, clam);
+      return W(slam, clam, gX, gY, gZ);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Evaluate the components of the acceleration due to gravity in geocentric
+     * coordinates.
+     *
+     * @param[in] lon the geographic longitude (degrees).
+     * @param[out] GX the \e X component of the acceleration
+     *   (m s<sup>&minus;2</sup>).
+     * @param[out] GY the \e Y component of the acceleration
+     *   (m s<sup>&minus;2</sup>).
+     * @param[out] GZ the \e Z component of the acceleration
+     *   (m s<sup>&minus;2</sup>).
+     * @return \e V = \e W - &Phi; the gravitational potential
+     *   (m<sup>2</sup> s<sup>&minus;2</sup>).
+     **********************************************************************/
+    Math::real V(real lon, real& GX, real& GY, real& GZ) const {
+      real slam, clam;
+      Math::sincosd(lon, slam, clam);
+      return V(slam, clam, GX, GY, GZ);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Evaluate the components of the gravity disturbance in geocentric
+     * coordinates.
+     *
+     * @param[in] lon the geographic longitude (degrees).
+     * @param[out] deltaX the \e X component of the gravity disturbance
+     *   (m s<sup>&minus;2</sup>).
+     * @param[out] deltaY the \e Y component of the gravity disturbance
+     *   (m s<sup>&minus;2</sup>).
+     * @param[out] deltaZ the \e Z component of the gravity disturbance
+     *   (m s<sup>&minus;2</sup>).
+     * @return \e T = \e W - \e U the disturbing potential (also called the
+     *   anomalous potential) (m<sup>2</sup> s<sup>&minus;2</sup>).
+     **********************************************************************/
+    Math::real T(real lon, real& deltaX, real& deltaY, real& deltaZ)
+      const {
+      real slam, clam;
+      Math::sincosd(lon, slam, clam);
+      return InternalT(slam, clam, deltaX, deltaY, deltaZ, true, true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Evaluate disturbing potential in geocentric coordinates.
+     *
+     * @param[in] lon the geographic longitude (degrees).
+     * @return \e T = \e W - \e U the disturbing potential (also called the
+     *   anomalous potential) (m<sup>2</sup> s<sup>&minus;2</sup>).
+     **********************************************************************/
+    Math::real T(real lon) const {
+      real slam, clam, dummy;
+      Math::sincosd(lon, slam, clam);
+      return InternalT(slam, clam, dummy, dummy, dummy, false, true);
+    }
+
+    ///@}
+
+    /** \name Inspector functions
+     **********************************************************************/
+    ///@{
+    /**
+     * @return true if the object has been initialized.
+     **********************************************************************/
+    bool Init() const { return _a > 0; }
+
+    /**
+     * @return \e a the equatorial radius of the ellipsoid (meters).  This is
+     *   the value inherited from the GravityModel object used in the
+     *   constructor.
+     **********************************************************************/
+    Math::real MajorRadius() const
+    { return Init() ? _a : Math::NaN(); }
+
+    /**
+     * @return \e f the flattening of the ellipsoid.  This is the value
+     *   inherited from the GravityModel object used in the constructor.
+     **********************************************************************/
+    Math::real Flattening() const
+    { return Init() ? _f : Math::NaN(); }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the latitude of the circle (degrees).
+     **********************************************************************/
+    Math::real Latitude() const
+    { return Init() ? _lat : Math::NaN(); }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the height of the circle (meters).
+     **********************************************************************/
+    Math::real Height() const
+    { return Init() ? _h : Math::NaN(); }
+
+    /**
+     * @return \e caps the computational capabilities that this object was
+     *   constructed with.
+     **********************************************************************/
+    unsigned Capabilities() const { return _caps; }
+
+    /**
+     * @param[in] testcaps a set of bitor'ed GravityModel::mask values.
+     * @return true if the GravityCircle object has all these capabilities.
+     **********************************************************************/
+    bool Capabilities(unsigned testcaps) const {
+      return (_caps & testcaps) == testcaps;
+    }
+    ///@}
+  };
+
+} // namespace GeographicLib
+
+#endif  // GEOGRAPHICLIB_GRAVITYCIRCLE_HPP