activerecord 5.0.7.2 → 6.1.1

data/lib/arel/visitors/mysql.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module Arel # :nodoc: all
+  module Visitors
+    class MySQL < Arel::Visitors::ToSql
+      private
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Bin(o, collector)
+          collector << "BINARY "
+          visit o.expr, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_UnqualifiedColumn(o, collector)
+          visit o.expr, collector
+        end
+
+        ###
+        # :'(
+        # To retrieve all rows from a certain offset up to the end of the result set,
+        # you can use some large number for the second parameter.
+        # https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/select.html
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_SelectStatement(o, collector)
+          if o.offset && !o.limit
+            o.limit = Arel::Nodes::Limit.new(18446744073709551615)
+          end
+          super
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_SelectCore(o, collector)
+          o.froms ||= Arel.sql("DUAL")
+          super
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Concat(o, collector)
+          collector << " CONCAT("
+          visit o.left, collector
+          collector << ", "
+          visit o.right, collector
+          collector << ") "
+          collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_IsNotDistinctFrom(o, collector)
+          collector = visit o.left, collector
+          collector << " <=> "
+          visit o.right, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_IsDistinctFrom(o, collector)
+          collector << "NOT "
+          visit_Arel_Nodes_IsNotDistinctFrom o, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Regexp(o, collector)
+          infix_value o, collector, " REGEXP "
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_NotRegexp(o, collector)
+          infix_value o, collector, " NOT REGEXP "
+        end
+
+        # In the simple case, MySQL allows us to place JOINs directly into the UPDATE
+        # query. However, this does not allow for LIMIT, OFFSET and ORDER. To support
+        # these, we must use a subquery.
+        def prepare_update_statement(o)
+          if o.offset || has_join_sources?(o) && has_limit_or_offset_or_orders?(o)
+            super
+          else
+            o
+          end
+        end
+        alias :prepare_delete_statement :prepare_update_statement
+
+        # MySQL is too stupid to create a temporary table for use subquery, so we have
+        # to give it some prompting in the form of a subsubquery.
+        def build_subselect(key, o)
+          subselect = super
+
+          # Materialize subquery by adding distinct
+          # to work with MySQL 5.7.6 which sets optimizer_switch='derived_merge=on'
+          unless has_limit_or_offset_or_orders?(subselect)
+            core = subselect.cores.last
+            core.set_quantifier = Arel::Nodes::Distinct.new
+          end
+
+          Nodes::SelectStatement.new.tap do |stmt|
+            core = stmt.cores.last
+            core.froms = Nodes::Grouping.new(subselect).as("__active_record_temp")
+            core.projections = [Arel.sql(quote_column_name(key.name))]
+          end
+        end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/arel/visitors/postgresql.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module Arel # :nodoc: all
+  module Visitors
+    class PostgreSQL < Arel::Visitors::ToSql
+      private
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Matches(o, collector)
+          op = o.case_sensitive ? " LIKE " : " ILIKE "
+          collector = infix_value o, collector, op
+          if o.escape
+            collector << " ESCAPE "
+            visit o.escape, collector
+          else
+            collector
+          end
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_DoesNotMatch(o, collector)
+          op = o.case_sensitive ? " NOT LIKE " : " NOT ILIKE "
+          collector = infix_value o, collector, op
+          if o.escape
+            collector << " ESCAPE "
+            visit o.escape, collector
+          else
+            collector
+          end
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Regexp(o, collector)
+          op = o.case_sensitive ? " ~ " : " ~* "
+          infix_value o, collector, op
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_NotRegexp(o, collector)
+          op = o.case_sensitive ? " !~ " : " !~* "
+          infix_value o, collector, op
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_DistinctOn(o, collector)
+          collector << "DISTINCT ON ( "
+          visit(o.expr, collector) << " )"
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_GroupingElement(o, collector)
+          collector << "( "
+          visit(o.expr, collector) << " )"
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Cube(o, collector)
+          collector << "CUBE"
+          grouping_array_or_grouping_element o, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_RollUp(o, collector)
+          collector << "ROLLUP"
+          grouping_array_or_grouping_element o, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_GroupingSet(o, collector)
+          collector << "GROUPING SETS"
+          grouping_array_or_grouping_element o, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Lateral(o, collector)
+          collector << "LATERAL "
+          grouping_parentheses o, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_IsNotDistinctFrom(o, collector)
+          collector = visit o.left, collector
+          collector << " IS NOT DISTINCT FROM "
+          visit o.right, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_IsDistinctFrom(o, collector)
+          collector = visit o.left, collector
+          collector << " IS DISTINCT FROM "
+          visit o.right, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_NullsFirst(o, collector)
+          visit o.expr, collector
+          collector << " NULLS FIRST"
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_NullsLast(o, collector)
+          visit o.expr, collector
+          collector << " NULLS LAST"
+        end
+
+        BIND_BLOCK = proc { |i| "$#{i}" }
+        private_constant :BIND_BLOCK
+
+        def bind_block; BIND_BLOCK; end
+
+        # Used by Lateral visitor to enclose select queries in parentheses
+        def grouping_parentheses(o, collector)
+          if o.expr.is_a? Nodes::SelectStatement
+            collector << "("
+            visit o.expr, collector
+            collector << ")"
+          else
+            visit o.expr, collector
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Utilized by GroupingSet, Cube & RollUp visitors to
+        # handle grouping aggregation semantics
+        def grouping_array_or_grouping_element(o, collector)
+          if o.expr.is_a? Array
+            collector << "( "
+            visit o.expr, collector
+            collector << " )"
+          else
+            visit o.expr, collector
+          end
+        end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/arel/visitors/sqlite.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module Arel # :nodoc: all
+  module Visitors
+    class SQLite < Arel::Visitors::ToSql
+      private
+        # Locks are not supported in SQLite
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Lock(o, collector)
+          collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_SelectStatement(o, collector)
+          o.limit = Arel::Nodes::Limit.new(-1) if o.offset && !o.limit
+          super
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_True(o, collector)
+          collector << "1"
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_False(o, collector)
+          collector << "0"
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_IsNotDistinctFrom(o, collector)
+          collector = visit o.left, collector
+          collector << " IS "
+          visit o.right, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_IsDistinctFrom(o, collector)
+          collector = visit o.left, collector
+          collector << " IS NOT "
+          visit o.right, collector
+        end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/arel/visitors/to_sql.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,899 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module Arel # :nodoc: all
+  module Visitors
+    class UnsupportedVisitError < StandardError
+      def initialize(object)
+        super "Unsupported argument type: #{object.class.name}. Construct an Arel node instead."
+      end
+    end
+
+    class ToSql < Arel::Visitors::Visitor
+      def initialize(connection)
+        super()
+        @connection = connection
+      end
+
+      def compile(node, collector = Arel::Collectors::SQLString.new)
+        accept(node, collector).value
+      end
+
+      private
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_DeleteStatement(o, collector)
+          o = prepare_delete_statement(o)
+
+          if has_join_sources?(o)
+            collector << "DELETE "
+            visit o.relation.left, collector
+            collector << " FROM "
+          else
+            collector << "DELETE FROM "
+          end
+          collector = visit o.relation, collector
+
+          collect_nodes_for o.wheres, collector, " WHERE ", " AND "
+          collect_nodes_for o.orders, collector, " ORDER BY "
+          maybe_visit o.limit, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_UpdateStatement(o, collector)
+          o = prepare_update_statement(o)
+
+          collector << "UPDATE "
+          collector = visit o.relation, collector
+          collect_nodes_for o.values, collector, " SET "
+
+          collect_nodes_for o.wheres, collector, " WHERE ", " AND "
+          collect_nodes_for o.orders, collector, " ORDER BY "
+          maybe_visit o.limit, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_InsertStatement(o, collector)
+          collector << "INSERT INTO "
+          collector = visit o.relation, collector
+
+          unless o.columns.empty?
+            collector << " ("
+            o.columns.each_with_index do |x, i|
+              collector << ", " unless i == 0
+              collector << quote_column_name(x.name)
+            end
+            collector << ")"
+          end
+
+          if o.values
+            maybe_visit o.values, collector
+          elsif o.select
+            maybe_visit o.select, collector
+          else
+            collector
+          end
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Exists(o, collector)
+          collector << "EXISTS ("
+          collector = visit(o.expressions, collector) << ")"
+          if o.alias
+            collector << " AS "
+            visit o.alias, collector
+          else
+            collector
+          end
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Casted(o, collector)
+          collector << quote(o.value_for_database).to_s
+        end
+        alias :visit_Arel_Nodes_Quoted :visit_Arel_Nodes_Casted
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_True(o, collector)
+          collector << "TRUE"
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_False(o, collector)
+          collector << "FALSE"
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_ValuesList(o, collector)
+          collector << "VALUES "
+
+          o.rows.each_with_index do |row, i|
+            collector << ", " unless i == 0
+            collector << "("
+            row.each_with_index do |value, k|
+              collector << ", " unless k == 0
+              case value
+              when Nodes::SqlLiteral, Nodes::BindParam
+                collector = visit(value, collector)
+              else
+                collector << quote(value).to_s
+              end
+            end
+            collector << ")"
+          end
+          collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_SelectStatement(o, collector)
+          if o.with
+            collector = visit o.with, collector
+            collector << " "
+          end
+
+          collector = o.cores.inject(collector) { |c, x|
+            visit_Arel_Nodes_SelectCore(x, c)
+          }
+
+          unless o.orders.empty?
+            collector << " ORDER BY "
+            o.orders.each_with_index do |x, i|
+              collector << ", " unless i == 0
+              collector = visit(x, collector)
+            end
+          end
+
+          visit_Arel_Nodes_SelectOptions(o, collector)
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_SelectOptions(o, collector)
+          collector = maybe_visit o.limit, collector
+          collector = maybe_visit o.offset, collector
+          maybe_visit o.lock, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_SelectCore(o, collector)
+          collector << "SELECT"
+
+          collector = collect_optimizer_hints(o, collector)
+          collector = maybe_visit o.set_quantifier, collector
+
+          collect_nodes_for o.projections, collector, " "
+
+          if o.source && !o.source.empty?
+            collector << " FROM "
+            collector = visit o.source, collector
+          end
+
+          collect_nodes_for o.wheres, collector, " WHERE ", " AND "
+          collect_nodes_for o.groups, collector, " GROUP BY "
+          collect_nodes_for o.havings, collector, " HAVING ", " AND "
+          collect_nodes_for o.windows, collector, " WINDOW "
+
+          maybe_visit o.comment, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_OptimizerHints(o, collector)
+          hints = o.expr.map { |v| sanitize_as_sql_comment(v) }.join(" ")
+          collector << "/*+ #{hints} */"
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Comment(o, collector)
+          collector << o.values.map { |v| "/* #{sanitize_as_sql_comment(v)} */" }.join(" ")
+        end
+
+        def collect_nodes_for(nodes, collector, spacer, connector = ", ")
+          unless nodes.empty?
+            collector << spacer
+            inject_join nodes, collector, connector
+          end
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Bin(o, collector)
+          visit o.expr, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Distinct(o, collector)
+          collector << "DISTINCT"
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_DistinctOn(o, collector)
+          raise NotImplementedError, "DISTINCT ON not implemented for this db"
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_With(o, collector)
+          collector << "WITH "
+          collect_ctes(o.children, collector)
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_WithRecursive(o, collector)
+          collector << "WITH RECURSIVE "
+          collect_ctes(o.children, collector)
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Union(o, collector)
+          infix_value_with_paren(o, collector, " UNION ")
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_UnionAll(o, collector)
+          infix_value_with_paren(o, collector, " UNION ALL ")
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Intersect(o, collector)
+          collector << "( "
+          infix_value(o, collector, " INTERSECT ") << " )"
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Except(o, collector)
+          collector << "( "
+          infix_value(o, collector, " EXCEPT ") << " )"
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_NamedWindow(o, collector)
+          collector << quote_column_name(o.name)
+          collector << " AS "
+          visit_Arel_Nodes_Window o, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Window(o, collector)
+          collector << "("
+
+          collect_nodes_for o.partitions, collector, "PARTITION BY "
+
+          if o.orders.any?
+            collector << " " if o.partitions.any?
+            collector << "ORDER BY "
+            collector = inject_join o.orders, collector, ", "
+          end
+
+          if o.framing
+            collector << " " if o.partitions.any? || o.orders.any?
+            collector = visit o.framing, collector
+          end
+
+          collector << ")"
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Rows(o, collector)
+          if o.expr
+            collector << "ROWS "
+            visit o.expr, collector
+          else
+            collector << "ROWS"
+          end
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Range(o, collector)
+          if o.expr
+            collector << "RANGE "
+            visit o.expr, collector
+          else
+            collector << "RANGE"
+          end
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Preceding(o, collector)
+          collector = if o.expr
+            visit o.expr, collector
+          else
+            collector << "UNBOUNDED"
+          end
+
+          collector << " PRECEDING"
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Following(o, collector)
+          collector = if o.expr
+            visit o.expr, collector
+          else
+            collector << "UNBOUNDED"
+          end
+
+          collector << " FOLLOWING"
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_CurrentRow(o, collector)
+          collector << "CURRENT ROW"
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Over(o, collector)
+          case o.right
+          when nil
+            visit(o.left, collector) << " OVER ()"
+          when Arel::Nodes::SqlLiteral
+            infix_value o, collector, " OVER "
+          when String, Symbol
+            visit(o.left, collector) << " OVER #{quote_column_name o.right.to_s}"
+          else
+            infix_value o, collector, " OVER "
+          end
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Offset(o, collector)
+          collector << "OFFSET "
+          visit o.expr, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Limit(o, collector)
+          collector << "LIMIT "
+          visit o.expr, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Lock(o, collector)
+          visit o.expr, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Grouping(o, collector)
+          if o.expr.is_a? Nodes::Grouping
+            visit(o.expr, collector)
+          else
+            collector << "("
+            visit(o.expr, collector) << ")"
+          end
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_HomogeneousIn(o, collector)
+          collector.preparable = false
+
+          collector << quote_table_name(o.table_name) << "." << quote_column_name(o.column_name)
+
+          if o.type == :in
+            collector << " IN ("
+          else
+            collector << " NOT IN ("
+          end
+
+          values = o.casted_values
+
+          if values.empty?
+            collector << @connection.quote(nil)
+          else
+            collector.add_binds(values, &bind_block)
+          end
+
+          collector << ")"
+          collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_SelectManager(o, collector)
+          collector << "("
+          visit(o.ast, collector) << ")"
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Ascending(o, collector)
+          visit(o.expr, collector) << " ASC"
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Descending(o, collector)
+          visit(o.expr, collector) << " DESC"
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Group(o, collector)
+          visit o.expr, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_NamedFunction(o, collector)
+          collector << o.name
+          collector << "("
+          collector << "DISTINCT " if o.distinct
+          collector = inject_join(o.expressions, collector, ", ") << ")"
+          if o.alias
+            collector << " AS "
+            visit o.alias, collector
+          else
+            collector
+          end
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Extract(o, collector)
+          collector << "EXTRACT(#{o.field.to_s.upcase} FROM "
+          visit(o.expr, collector) << ")"
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Count(o, collector)
+          aggregate "COUNT", o, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Sum(o, collector)
+          aggregate "SUM", o, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Max(o, collector)
+          aggregate "MAX", o, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Min(o, collector)
+          aggregate "MIN", o, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Avg(o, collector)
+          aggregate "AVG", o, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_TableAlias(o, collector)
+          collector = visit o.relation, collector
+          collector << " "
+          collector << quote_table_name(o.name)
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Between(o, collector)
+          collector = visit o.left, collector
+          collector << " BETWEEN "
+          visit o.right, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_GreaterThanOrEqual(o, collector)
+          collector = visit o.left, collector
+          collector << " >= "
+          visit o.right, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_GreaterThan(o, collector)
+          collector = visit o.left, collector
+          collector << " > "
+          visit o.right, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_LessThanOrEqual(o, collector)
+          collector = visit o.left, collector
+          collector << " <= "
+          visit o.right, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_LessThan(o, collector)
+          collector = visit o.left, collector
+          collector << " < "
+          visit o.right, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Matches(o, collector)
+          collector = visit o.left, collector
+          collector << " LIKE "
+          collector = visit o.right, collector
+          if o.escape
+            collector << " ESCAPE "
+            visit o.escape, collector
+          else
+            collector
+          end
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_DoesNotMatch(o, collector)
+          collector = visit o.left, collector
+          collector << " NOT LIKE "
+          collector = visit o.right, collector
+          if o.escape
+            collector << " ESCAPE "
+            visit o.escape, collector
+          else
+            collector
+          end
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_JoinSource(o, collector)
+          if o.left
+            collector = visit o.left, collector
+          end
+          if o.right.any?
+            collector << " " if o.left
+            collector = inject_join o.right, collector, " "
+          end
+          collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Regexp(o, collector)
+          raise NotImplementedError, "~ not implemented for this db"
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_NotRegexp(o, collector)
+          raise NotImplementedError, "!~ not implemented for this db"
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_StringJoin(o, collector)
+          visit o.left, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_FullOuterJoin(o, collector)
+          collector << "FULL OUTER JOIN "
+          collector = visit o.left, collector
+          collector << " "
+          visit o.right, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_OuterJoin(o, collector)
+          collector << "LEFT OUTER JOIN "
+          collector = visit o.left, collector
+          collector << " "
+          visit o.right, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_RightOuterJoin(o, collector)
+          collector << "RIGHT OUTER JOIN "
+          collector = visit o.left, collector
+          collector << " "
+          visit o.right, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_InnerJoin(o, collector)
+          collector << "INNER JOIN "
+          collector = visit o.left, collector
+          if o.right
+            collector << " "
+            visit(o.right, collector)
+          else
+            collector
+          end
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_On(o, collector)
+          collector << "ON "
+          visit o.expr, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Not(o, collector)
+          collector << "NOT ("
+          visit(o.expr, collector) << ")"
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Table(o, collector)
+          if o.table_alias
+            collector << quote_table_name(o.name) << " " << quote_table_name(o.table_alias)
+          else
+            collector << quote_table_name(o.name)
+          end
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_In(o, collector)
+          collector.preparable = false
+          attr, values = o.left, o.right
+
+          if Array === values
+            unless values.empty?
+              values.delete_if { |value| unboundable?(value) }
+            end
+
+            return collector << "1=0" if values.empty?
+          end
+
+          visit(attr, collector) << " IN ("
+          visit(values, collector) << ")"
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_NotIn(o, collector)
+          collector.preparable = false
+          attr, values = o.left, o.right
+
+          if Array === values
+            unless values.empty?
+              values.delete_if { |value| unboundable?(value) }
+            end
+
+            return collector << "1=1" if values.empty?
+          end
+
+          visit(attr, collector) << " NOT IN ("
+          visit(values, collector) << ")"
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_And(o, collector)
+          inject_join o.children, collector, " AND "
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Or(o, collector)
+          stack = [o.right, o.left]
+
+          while o = stack.pop
+            if o.is_a?(Arel::Nodes::Or)
+              stack.push o.right, o.left
+            else
+              visit o, collector
+              collector << " OR " unless stack.empty?
+            end
+          end
+
+          collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Assignment(o, collector)
+          case o.right
+          when Arel::Nodes::Node, Arel::Attributes::Attribute
+            collector = visit o.left, collector
+            collector << " = "
+            visit o.right, collector
+          else
+            collector = visit o.left, collector
+            collector << " = "
+            collector << quote(o.right).to_s
+          end
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Equality(o, collector)
+          right = o.right
+
+          return collector << "1=0" if unboundable?(right)
+
+          collector = visit o.left, collector
+
+          if right.nil?
+            collector << " IS NULL"
+          else
+            collector << " = "
+            visit right, collector
+          end
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_IsNotDistinctFrom(o, collector)
+          if o.right.nil?
+            collector = visit o.left, collector
+            collector << " IS NULL"
+          else
+            collector = is_distinct_from(o, collector)
+            collector << " = 0"
+          end
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_IsDistinctFrom(o, collector)
+          if o.right.nil?
+            collector = visit o.left, collector
+            collector << " IS NOT NULL"
+          else
+            collector = is_distinct_from(o, collector)
+            collector << " = 1"
+          end
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_NotEqual(o, collector)
+          right = o.right
+
+          return collector << "1=1" if unboundable?(right)
+
+          collector = visit o.left, collector
+
+          if right.nil?
+            collector << " IS NOT NULL"
+          else
+            collector << " != "
+            visit right, collector
+          end
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_As(o, collector)
+          collector = visit o.left, collector
+          collector << " AS "
+          visit o.right, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Case(o, collector)
+          collector << "CASE "
+          if o.case
+            visit o.case, collector
+            collector << " "
+          end
+          o.conditions.each do |condition|
+            visit condition, collector
+            collector << " "
+          end
+          if o.default
+            visit o.default, collector
+            collector << " "
+          end
+          collector << "END"
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_When(o, collector)
+          collector << "WHEN "
+          visit o.left, collector
+          collector << " THEN "
+          visit o.right, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_Else(o, collector)
+          collector << "ELSE "
+          visit o.expr, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_UnqualifiedColumn(o, collector)
+          collector << quote_column_name(o.name)
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Attributes_Attribute(o, collector)
+          join_name = o.relation.table_alias || o.relation.name
+          collector << quote_table_name(join_name) << "." << quote_column_name(o.name)
+        end
+
+        BIND_BLOCK = proc { "?" }
+        private_constant :BIND_BLOCK
+
+        def bind_block; BIND_BLOCK; end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_BindParam(o, collector)
+          collector.add_bind(o.value, &bind_block)
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_SqlLiteral(o, collector)
+          collector.preparable = false
+          collector << o.to_s
+        end
+
+        def visit_Integer(o, collector)
+          collector << o.to_s
+        end
+
+        def unsupported(o, collector)
+          raise UnsupportedVisitError.new(o)
+        end
+
+        alias :visit_ActiveSupport_Multibyte_Chars :unsupported
+        alias :visit_ActiveSupport_StringInquirer  :unsupported
+        alias :visit_BigDecimal                    :unsupported
+        alias :visit_Class                         :unsupported
+        alias :visit_Date                          :unsupported
+        alias :visit_DateTime                      :unsupported
+        alias :visit_FalseClass                    :unsupported
+        alias :visit_Float                         :unsupported
+        alias :visit_Hash                          :unsupported
+        alias :visit_NilClass                      :unsupported
+        alias :visit_String                        :unsupported
+        alias :visit_Symbol                        :unsupported
+        alias :visit_Time                          :unsupported
+        alias :visit_TrueClass                     :unsupported
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_InfixOperation(o, collector)
+          collector = visit o.left, collector
+          collector << " #{o.operator} "
+          visit o.right, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Arel_Nodes_UnaryOperation(o, collector)
+          collector << " #{o.operator} "
+          visit o.expr, collector
+        end
+
+        def visit_Array(o, collector)
+          inject_join o, collector, ", "
+        end
+        alias :visit_Set :visit_Array
+
+        def quote(value)
+          return value if Arel::Nodes::SqlLiteral === value
+          @connection.quote value
+        end
+
+        def quote_table_name(name)
+          return name if Arel::Nodes::SqlLiteral === name
+          @connection.quote_table_name(name)
+        end
+
+        def quote_column_name(name)
+          return name if Arel::Nodes::SqlLiteral === name
+          @connection.quote_column_name(name)
+        end
+
+        def sanitize_as_sql_comment(value)
+          return value if Arel::Nodes::SqlLiteral === value
+          @connection.sanitize_as_sql_comment(value)
+        end
+
+        def collect_optimizer_hints(o, collector)
+          maybe_visit o.optimizer_hints, collector
+        end
+
+        def maybe_visit(thing, collector)
+          return collector unless thing
+          collector << " "
+          visit thing, collector
+        end
+
+        def inject_join(list, collector, join_str)
+          list.each_with_index do |x, i|
+            collector << join_str unless i == 0
+            collector = visit(x, collector)
+          end
+          collector
+        end
+
+        def unboundable?(value)
+          value.respond_to?(:unboundable?) && value.unboundable?
+        end
+
+        def has_join_sources?(o)
+          o.relation.is_a?(Nodes::JoinSource) && !o.relation.right.empty?
+        end
+
+        def has_limit_or_offset_or_orders?(o)
+          o.limit || o.offset || !o.orders.empty?
+        end
+
+        # The default strategy for an UPDATE with joins is to use a subquery. This doesn't work
+        # on MySQL (even when aliasing the tables), but MySQL allows using JOIN directly in
+        # an UPDATE statement, so in the MySQL visitor we redefine this to do that.
+        def prepare_update_statement(o)
+          if o.key && (has_limit_or_offset_or_orders?(o) || has_join_sources?(o))
+            stmt = o.clone
+            stmt.limit = nil
+            stmt.offset = nil
+            stmt.orders = []
+            stmt.wheres = [Nodes::In.new(o.key, [build_subselect(o.key, o)])]
+            stmt.relation = o.relation.left if has_join_sources?(o)
+            stmt
+          else
+            o
+          end
+        end
+        alias :prepare_delete_statement :prepare_update_statement
+
+        # FIXME: we should probably have a 2-pass visitor for this
+        def build_subselect(key, o)
+          stmt             = Nodes::SelectStatement.new
+          core             = stmt.cores.first
+          core.froms       = o.relation
+          core.wheres      = o.wheres
+          core.projections = [key]
+          stmt.limit       = o.limit
+          stmt.offset      = o.offset
+          stmt.orders      = o.orders
+          stmt
+        end
+
+        def infix_value(o, collector, value)
+          collector = visit o.left, collector
+          collector << value
+          visit o.right, collector
+        end
+
+        def infix_value_with_paren(o, collector, value, suppress_parens = false)
+          collector << "( " unless suppress_parens
+          collector = if o.left.class == o.class
+            infix_value_with_paren(o.left, collector, value, true)
+          else
+            visit o.left, collector
+          end
+          collector << value
+          collector = if o.right.class == o.class
+            infix_value_with_paren(o.right, collector, value, true)
+          else
+            visit o.right, collector
+          end
+          collector << " )" unless suppress_parens
+          collector
+        end
+
+        def aggregate(name, o, collector)
+          collector << "#{name}("
+          if o.distinct
+            collector << "DISTINCT "
+          end
+          collector = inject_join(o.expressions, collector, ", ") << ")"
+          if o.alias
+            collector << " AS "
+            visit o.alias, collector
+          else
+            collector
+          end
+        end
+
+        def is_distinct_from(o, collector)
+          collector << "CASE WHEN "
+          collector = visit o.left, collector
+          collector << " = "
+          collector = visit o.right, collector
+          collector << " OR ("
+          collector = visit o.left, collector
+          collector << " IS NULL AND "
+          collector = visit o.right, collector
+          collector << " IS NULL)"
+          collector << " THEN 0 ELSE 1 END"
+        end
+
+        def collect_ctes(children, collector)
+          children.each_with_index do |child, i|
+            collector << ", " unless i == 0
+
+            case child
+            when Arel::Nodes::As
+              name = child.left.name
+              relation = child.right
+            when Arel::Nodes::TableAlias
+              name = child.name
+              relation = child.relation
+            end
+
+            collector << quote_table_name(name)
+            collector << " AS "
+            visit relation, collector
+          end
+
+          collector
+        end
+    end
+  end
+end