activerecord 5.0.7.2 → 6.1.1

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data/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,2549 +1,1363 @@
-## Rails 5.0.7.2 (March 11, 2019) ##
+## Rails 6.1.1 (January 07, 2021) ##
 
-*   No changes.
+*   Fix fixtures loading when strict loading is enabled for the association.
 
+    *Alex Ghiculescu*
 
-## Rails 5.0.7.1 (November 27, 2018) ##
+*   Fix `where` with custom primary key for belongs_to association.
 
-*   No changes.
-
-
-## Rails 5.0.7 (March 29, 2018) ##
-
-*   Apply time column precision on assignment.
-
-    PR #20317 changed the behavior of datetime columns so that when they
-    have a specified precision then on assignment the value is rounded to
-    that precision. This behavior is now applied to time columns as well.
-
-    Fixes #30301.
-
-    *Andrew White*
-
-*   Normalize time column values for SQLite database.
-
-    For legacy reasons, time columns in SQLite are stored as full datetimes
-    because until #24542 the quoting for time columns didn't remove the date
-    component. To ensure that values are consistent we now normalize the
-    date component to 2001-01-01 on reading and writing.
-
-    *Andrew White*
-
-*   Ensure that the date component is removed when quoting times.
-
-    PR #24542 altered the quoting for time columns so that the date component
-    was removed however it only removed it when it was 2001-01-01. Now the
-    date component is removed irrespective of what the date is.
-
-    *Andrew White*
-
-*   Query cache was unavailable when entering the `ActiveRecord::Base.cache` block
-    without being connected.
-
-    *Tsukasa Oishi*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Fix `bin/rails db:setup` and `bin/rails db:test:prepare` create  wrong
-    ar_internal_metadata's data for a test database.
+*   Fix `where` with aliased associations.
 
-    Before:
-    ```
-    $ RAILS_ENV=test rails dbconsole
-    > SELECT * FROM ar_internal_metadata;
-    key|value|created_at|updated_at
-    environment|development|2017-09-11 23:14:10.815679|2017-09-11 23:14:10.815679
-    ```
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    After:
-    ```
-    $ RAILS_ENV=test rails dbconsole
-    > SELECT * FROM ar_internal_metadata;
-    key|value|created_at|updated_at
-    environment|test|2017-09-11 23:14:10.815679|2017-09-11 23:14:10.815679
-    ```
+*   Fix `composed_of` with symbol mapping.
 
-    Fixes #26731.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *bogdanvlviv*
+*   Don't skip money's type cast for pluck and calculations.
 
-*   Fix longer sequence name detection for serial columns.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    Fixes #28332.
+*   Fix `where` on polymorphic association with non Active Record object.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Use `max_identifier_length` for `index_name_length` in PostgreSQL adapter.
+*   Make sure `db:prepare` works even the schema file doesn't exist.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
+*   Fix complicated `has_many :through` with nested where condition.
 
-## Rails 5.0.6 (September 07, 2017) ##
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   No changes.
+*   Handle STI models for `has_many dependent: :destroy_async`.
 
+    *Muhammad Usman*
 
-## Rails 5.0.6.rc1 (August 24, 2017) ##
+*   Restore possibility of passing `false` to :polymorphic option of `belongs_to`.
 
-*   Ensure `sum` honors `distinct` on `has_many :through` associations
+    Previously, passing `false` would trigger the option validation logic
+    to throw an error saying :polymorphic would not be a valid option.
 
-    Fixes #16791
+    *glaszig*
 
-    *Aaron Wortham
+*   Allow adding nonnamed expression indexes to be revertible.
 
+    Fixes #40732.
 
-## Rails 5.0.5 (July 31, 2017) ##
+    Previously, the following code would raise an error, when executed while rolling back,
+    and the index name should be specified explicitly. Now, the index name is inferred
+    automatically.
 
-*   No changes.
+    ```ruby
+    add_index(:items, "to_tsvector('english', description)")
+    ```
 
+    *fatkodima*
 
-## Rails 5.0.5.rc2 (July 25, 2017) ##
 
-*   No changes.
+## Rails 6.1.0 (December 09, 2020) ##
 
+*   Only warn about negative enums if a positive form that would cause conflicts exists.
 
-## Rails 5.0.5.rc1 (July 19, 2017) ##
+    Fixes #39065.
 
-*   `Relation#joins` is no longer affected by the target model's
-    `current_scope`, with the exception of `unscoped`.
+    *Alex Ghiculescu*
 
-    Fixes #29338.
+*   Change `attribute_for_inspect` to take `filter_attributes` in consideration.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
+*   Fix odd behavior of inverse_of with multiple belongs_to to same class.
 
-## Rails 5.0.4 (June 19, 2017) ##
+    Fixes #35204.
 
-*   Restore previous behavior of collection proxies: their values can have
-    methods stubbed, and they respect extension modules applied by a default
-    scope.
+    *Tomoyuki Kai*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Build predicate conditions with objects that delegate `#id` and primary key:
 
-*   Loading model schema from database is now thread-safe.
+    ```ruby
+    class AdminAuthor
+      delegate_missing_to :@author
 
-    Fixes #28589.
+      def initialize(author)
+        @author = author
+      end
+    end
 
-    *Vikrant Chaudhary*, *David Abdemoulaie*
+    Post.where(author: AdminAuthor.new(author))
+    ```
 
+    *Sean Doyle*
 
-## Rails 5.0.3 (May 12, 2017) ##
+*   Add `connected_to_many` API.
 
-*   Check whether `Rails.application` defined before calling it
+    This API allows applications to connect to multiple databases at once without switching all of them or implementing a deeply nested stack.
 
-    In #27674 we changed the migration generator to generate migrations at the
-    path defined in `Rails.application.config.paths` however the code checked
-    for the presence of the `Rails` constant but not the `Rails.application`
-    method which caused problems when using Active Record and generators outside
-    of the context of a Rails application.
+    Before:
 
-    Fixes #28325.
+        AnimalsRecord.connected_to(role: :reading) do
+          MealsRecord.connected_to(role: :reading) do
+            Dog.first # read from animals replica
+            Dinner.first # read from meals replica
+            Person.first # read from primary writer
+          end
+        end
 
-*   Fix `deserialize` with JSON array.
+    After:
 
-    Fixes #28285.
+        ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to_many([AnimalsRecord, MealsRecord], role: :reading) do
+          Dog.first # read from animals replica
+          Dinner.first # read from meals replica
+          Person.first # read from primary writer
+        end
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   Fix `rake db:schema:load` with subdirectories.
+*   Add option to raise or log for `ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError`.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    Some applications may not want to raise an error in production if using `strict_loading`. This would allow an application to set strict loading to log for the production environment while still raising in development and test environments.
 
-*   Fix `rake db:migrate:status` with subdirectories.
+    Set `config.active_record.action_on_strict_loading_violation` to `:log` errors instead of raising.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-*   Don't share options between reference id and type columns
+*   Allow the inverse of a `has_one` association that was previously autosaved to be loaded.
 
-    When using a polymorphic reference column in a migration, sharing options
-    between the two columns doesn't make sense since they are different types.
-    The `reference_id` column is usually an integer and the `reference_type`
-    column a string so options like `unsigned: true` will result in an invalid
-    table definition.
+    Fixes #34255.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Steven Weber*
 
-*   Fix regression of #1969 with SELECT aliases in HAVING clause.
+*   Optimise the length of index names for polymorphic references by using the reference name rather than the type and id column names.
 
-    *Eugene Kenny*
+    Because the default behaviour when adding an index with multiple columns is to use all column names in the index name, this could frequently lead to overly long index names for polymorphic references which would fail the migration if it exceeded the database limit.
 
+    This change reduces the chance of that happening by using the reference name, e.g. `index_my_table_on_my_reference`.
 
-## Rails 5.0.2 (March 01, 2017) ##
+    Fixes #38655.
 
-*   Fix `wait_timeout` to configurable for mysql2 adapter.
+    *Luke Redpath*
 
-    Fixes #26556.
+*   MySQL: Uniqueness validator now respects default database collation,
+    no longer enforce case sensitive comparison by default.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Make `table_name=` reset current statement cache,
-    so queries are not run against the previous table name.
+*   Remove deprecated methods from `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::DatabaseLimits`.
 
-    *namusyaka*
+    `column_name_length`
+    `table_name_length`
+    `columns_per_table`
+    `indexes_per_table`
+    `columns_per_multicolumn_index`
+    `sql_query_length`
+    `joins_per_query`
 
-*   Allow ActiveRecord::Base#as_json to be passed a frozen Hash.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Isaac Betesh*
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractAdapter#supports_multi_insert?`.
 
-*   Fix inspection behavior when the :id column is not primary key.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *namusyaka*
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractAdapter#supports_foreign_keys_in_create?`.
 
-*   Fix `association_primary_key_type` for reflections with symbol primary key
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    Fixes #27864
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::PostgreSQLAdapter#supports_ranges?`.
 
-    *Daniel Colson*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Place generated migrations into the path set by `config.paths["db/migrate"]`
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Base#update_attributes` and `ActiveRecord::Base#update_attributes!`.
 
-    *Kevin Glowacz*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Compare deserialized values for `PostgreSQL::OID::Hstore` types when
-    calling `ActiveRecord::Dirty#changed_in_place?`
+*   Remove deprecated `migrations_path` argument in `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapter::SchemaStatements#assume_migrated_upto_version`.
 
-    Fixes #27502.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Jon Moss*
+*   Remove deprecated `config.active_record.sqlite3.represent_boolean_as_integer`.
 
-*   Respect precision option for arrays of timestamps.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    Fixes #27514.
+*   `relation.create` does no longer leak scope to class level querying methods
+    in initialization block and callbacks.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    Before:
 
+        User.where(name: "John").create do |john|
+          User.find_by(name: "David") # => nil
+        end
 
-## Rails 5.0.1 (December 21, 2016) ##
+    After:
 
-*   No changes.
+        User.where(name: "John").create do |john|
+          User.find_by(name: "David") # => #<User name: "David", ...>
+        end
 
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-## Rails 5.0.1.rc2 (December 10, 2016) ##
+*   Named scope chain does no longer leak scope to class level querying methods.
 
-*   Correct resolution of associated class in `has_many :through`
-    associations' `*_ids` setters.
+        class User < ActiveRecord::Base
+          scope :david, -> { User.where(name: "David") }
+        end
 
-    Fixes #27297.
+    Before:
 
-    *Matthew Draper*
+        User.where(name: "John").david
+        # SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'John' AND name = 'David'
 
-*   Support index length and order options using both string and symbol
-    column names.
+    After:
 
-    Fixes #27243.
+        User.where(name: "John").david
+        # SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'David'
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
+*   Remove deprecated methods from `ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations`.
 
-## Rails 5.0.1.rc1 (December 01, 2016) ##
-
-*   Fix that unsigned with zerofill is treated as signed.
-
-    Fixes #27125.
+    `fetch`
+    `each`
+    `first`
+    `values`
+    `[]=`
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Fix the uniqueness validation scope with a polymorphic association.
+*   `where.not` now generates NAND predicates instead of NOR.
 
-    *Sergey Alekseev*
+     Before:
 
-*   Raise ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound from collection `*_ids` setters
-    for unknown IDs with a better error message.
+        User.where.not(name: "Jon", role: "admin")
+        # SELECT * FROM users WHERE name != 'Jon' AND role != 'admin'
 
-    Changes the collection `*_ids` setters to cast provided IDs the data
-    type of the primary key set in the association, not the model
-    primary key.
+     After:
 
-    *Dominic Cleal*
+        User.where.not(name: "Jon", role: "admin")
+        # SELECT * FROM users WHERE NOT (name == 'Jon' AND role == 'admin')
 
-*   Introduce `Model#reload_<association>` to bring back the behavior
-    of `Article.category(true)` where `category` is a singular
-    association.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    The force reloading of the association reader was deprecated
-    in #20888. Unfortunately the suggested alternative of
-    `article.reload.category` does not expose the same behavior.
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Result#to_hash` method.
 
-    This patch adds a reader method with the prefix `reload_` for
-    singular associations. This method has the same semantics as
-    passing true to the association reader used to have.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+*   Deprecate `ActiveRecord::Base.allow_unsafe_raw_sql`.
 
-*   Make sure eager loading `ActiveRecord::Associations` also loads
-    constants defined in `ActiveRecord::Associations::Preloader`.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+*   Remove deprecated support for using unsafe raw SQL in `ActiveRecord::Relation` methods.
 
-*   Allow `ActionController::Parameters`-like objects to be passed as
-    values for Postgres HStore columns.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    Fixes #26904.
+*   Allow users to silence the "Rails couldn't infer whether you are using multiple databases..."
+    message using `config.active_record.suppress_multiple_database_warning`.
 
-    *Jon Moss*
+    *Omri Gabay*
 
-*   Configure query caching (per thread) on the connection pool.
+*   Connections can be granularly switched for abstract classes when `connected_to` is called.
 
-    Moving the configuration to the pool means we don't allocate a connection
-    until it's actually needed.
+    This change allows `connected_to` to switch a `role` and/or `shard` for a single abstract class instead of all classes globally. Applications that want to use the new feature need to set `config.active_record.legacy_connection_handling` to `false` in their application configuration.
 
-    Applications that manually interact with the connection pool and/or query
-    cache may notice that the connection's cache is now cleared and disabled
-    when it gets returned to the pool, even if the request is not yet completed.
+    Example usage:
 
-    *Samuel Cochran*, *Matthew Draper*
+    Given an application we have a `User` model that inherits from `ApplicationRecord` and a `Dog` model that inherits from `AnimalsRecord`. `AnimalsRecord` and `ApplicationRecord` have writing and reading connections as well as shard `default`, `one`, and `two`.
 
-*   Fixed support for case insensitive comparisons of `text` columns in
-    PostgreSQL.
+    ```ruby
+    ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :reading) do
+      User.first # reads from default replica
+      Dog.first # reads from default replica
 
-    *Edho Arief*
+      AnimalsRecord.connected_to(role: :writing, shard: :one) do
+        User.first # reads from default replica
+        Dog.first # reads from shard one primary
+      end
 
-*   Return `true` from `update_attribute` when the value of the attribute
-    to be updated is unchanged.
+      User.first # reads from default replica
+      Dog.first # reads from default replica
 
-    Fixes #26593.
+      ApplicationRecord.connected_to(role: :writing, shard: :two) do
+        User.first # reads from shard two primary
+        Dog.first # reads from default replica
+      end
+    end
+    ```
 
-    *Prathamesh Sonpatki*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   Serialize JSON attribute value `nil` as SQL `NULL`, not JSON `null`
+*   Allow double-dash comment syntax when querying read-only databases
 
-    *Trung Duc Tran*
+    *James Adam*
 
-*   Always store errors details information with symbols.
+*   Add `values_at` method.
 
-    When the association is autosaved we were storing the details with
-    string keys. This was creating inconsistency with other details that are
-    added using the `Errors#add` method. It was also inconsistent with the
-    `Errors#messages` storage.
+    Returns an array containing the values associated with the given methods.
 
-    To fix this inconsistency we are always storing with symbols. This will
-    cause a small breaking change because in those cases the details could
-    be accessed as strings keys but now it can not.
+    ```ruby
+    topic = Topic.first
+    topic.values_at(:title, :author_name)
+    # => ["Budget", "Jason"]
+    ```
 
-    Fix #26499.
+    Similar to `Hash#values_at` but on an Active Record instance.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*, *Marcus Vieira*
+    *Guillaume Briday*
 
-*   Using a mysql2 connection after it fails to reconnect will now have an error message
-    saying the connection is closed rather than an undefined method error message.
+*   Fix `read_attribute_before_type_cast` to consider attribute aliases.
 
-    *Dylan Thacker-Smith*
+    *Marcelo Lauxen*
 
-*   Remove unnecessarily association load when a `belongs_to` association has already been
-    loaded then the foreign key is changed directly and the record saved.
+*   Support passing record to uniqueness validator `:conditions` callable:
 
-    *James Coleman*
+    ```ruby
+    class Article < ApplicationRecord
+      validates_uniqueness_of :title, conditions: ->(article) {
+        published_at = article.published_at
+        where(published_at: published_at.beginning_of_year..published_at.end_of_year)
+      }
+    end
+    ```
 
-*   PostgreSQL array columns will now respect the encoding of strings contained
-    in the array.
+    *Eliot Sykes*
 
-    Fixes #26326.
+*   `BatchEnumerator#update_all` and `BatchEnumerator#delete_all` now return the
+    total number of rows affected, just like their non-batched counterparts.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    ```ruby
+    Person.in_batches.update_all("first_name = 'Eugene'") # => 42
+    Person.in_batches.delete_all # => 42
+    ```
 
-*   Inverse association instances will now be set before `after_find` or
-    `after_initialize` callbacks are run.
+    Fixes #40287.
 
-    Fixes #26320.
+    *Eugene Kenny*
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+*   Add support for PostgreSQL `interval` data type with conversion to
+    `ActiveSupport::Duration` when loading records from database and
+    serialization to ISO 8601 formatted duration string on save.
+    Add support to define a column in migrations and get it in a schema dump.
+    Optional column precision is supported.
 
-*   Avoid loading records from database when they are already loaded using
-    the `pluck` method on a collection.
+    To use this in 6.1, you need to place the next string to your model file:
 
-    Fixes #25921.
+        attribute :duration, :interval
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    To keep old behavior until 6.2 is released:
 
-*   Sqlite3 migrations to add a column to an existing table can now be
-    successfully rolled back when the column was given and invalid column
-    type.
+        attribute :duration, :string
 
-    Fixes #26087
+    Example:
 
-    *Travis O'Neill*
+        create_table :events do |t|
+          t.string   :name
+          t.interval :duration
+        end
 
-*   Hashes can once again be passed to setters of `composed_of`, if all of the
-    mapping methods are methods implemented on `Hash`.
+        class Event < ApplicationRecord
+          attribute :duration, :interval
+        end
 
-    Fixes #25978.
+        Event.create!(name: 'Rock Fest', duration: 2.days)
+        Event.last.duration # => 2 days
+        Event.last.duration.iso8601 # => "P2D"
+        Event.new(duration: 'P1DT12H3S').duration # => 1 day, 12 hours, and 3 seconds
+        Event.new(duration: '1 day') # Unknown value will be ignored and NULL will be written to database
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    *Andrey Novikov*
 
-*   Doing count on relations that contain LEFT OUTER JOIN Arel node no longer
-    force a DISTINCT. This solves issues when using count after a left_joins.
+*   Allow associations supporting the `dependent:` key to take `dependent: :destroy_async`.
 
-    *Maxime Handfield Lapointe*
+    ```ruby
+    class Account < ActiveRecord::Base
+        belongs_to :supplier, dependent: :destroy_async
+    end
+    ```
 
-*   RecordNotFound raised by association.find exposes `id`, `primary_key` and
-    `model` methods to be consistent with RecordNotFound raised by Record.find.
+    `:destroy_async` will enqueue a job to destroy associated records in the background.
 
-    *Michel Pigassou*
+    *DHH*, *George Claghorn*, *Cory Gwin*, *Rafael Mendonça França*, *Adrianna Chang*
 
-*   Fix the SELECT statement in `#table_comment` for MySQL.
+*   Add `SKIP_TEST_DATABASE` environment variable to disable modifying the test database when `rails db:create` and `rails db:drop` are called.
 
-    *Takeshi Akima*
+    *Jason Schweier*
 
-*   Virtual attributes will no longer raise when read on models loaded from the
-    database
+*   `connects_to` can only be called on `ActiveRecord::Base` or abstract classes.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    Ensure that `connects_to` can only be called from `ActiveRecord::Base` or abstract classes. This protects the application from opening duplicate or too many connections.
 
-*   Fixes multi-parameter attributes conversion with invalid params.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    *Hiroyuki Ishii*
+*   All connection adapters `execute` now raises `ActiveRecord::ConnectionNotEstablished` rather than
+    `ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid` when they encounter a connection error.
 
-*   Add newline between each migration in `structure.sql`.
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-    Keeps schema migration inserts as a single commit, but allows for easier
-    git diff-ing. Fixes #25504.
+*   `Mysql2Adapter#quote_string` now raises `ActiveRecord::ConnectionNotEstablished` rather than
+    `ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid` when it can't connect to the MySQL server.
 
-    *Grey Baker*, *Norberto Lopes*
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-*   Using `group` with an attribute that has a custom type will properly cast
-    the hash keys after calling a calculation method like `count`.
+*   Add support for check constraints that are `NOT VALID` via `validate: false` (PostgreSQL-only).
 
-    Fixes #25595.
+    *Alex Robbin*
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+*   Ensure the default configuration is considered primary or first for an environment
 
-*   Ensure concurrent invocations of the connection reaper cannot allocate the
-    same connection to two threads.
+    If a multiple database application provides a configuration named primary, that will be treated as default. In applications that do not have a primary entry, the default database configuration will be the first configuration for an environment.
 
-    Fixes #25585.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    *Matthew Draper*
+*   Allow `where` references association names as joined table name aliases.
 
-*   Fixed dumping of foreign key's referential actions when MySQL connection
-    uses `sql_mode = ANSI_QUOTES`.
+    ```ruby
+    class Comment < ActiveRecord::Base
+      enum label: [:default, :child]
+      has_many :children, class_name: "Comment", foreign_key: :parent_id
+    end
 
-    Fixes #25300.
+    # ... FROM comments LEFT OUTER JOIN comments children ON ... WHERE children.label = 1
+    Comment.includes(:children).where("children.label": "child")
+    ```
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
+*   Support storing demodulized class name for polymorphic type.
 
-## Rails 5.0.0 (June 30, 2016) ##
-
-*   Inspecting an object with an associated array of over 10 elements no longer
-    truncates the array, preventing `inspect` from looping infinitely in some
-    cases.
-
-    *Kevin McPhillips*
-
-*   Ensure hashes can be assigned to attributes created using `composed_of`.
+    Before Rails 6.1, storing demodulized class name is supported only for STI type
+    by `store_full_sti_class` class attribute.
 
-    Fixes #25210.
+    Now `store_full_class_name` class attribute can handle both STI and polymorphic types.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Fix logging edge case where if an attribute was of the binary type and
-    was provided as a Hash.
-
-    *Jon Moss*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Handle JSON deserialization correctly if the column default from database
-    adapter returns `''` instead of `nil`.
+*   Deprecate `rails db:structure:{load, dump}` tasks and extend
+    `rails db:schema:{load, dump}` tasks to work with either `:ruby` or `:sql` format,
+    depending on `config.active_record.schema_format` configuration value.
 
-    *Johannes Opper*
+    *fatkodima*
 
-*   PostgreSQL: Support Expression Indexes and Operator Classes.
+*   Respect the `select` values for eager loading.
 
-    Example:
+    ```ruby
+    post = Post.select("UPPER(title) AS title").first
+    post.title # => "WELCOME TO THE WEBLOG"
+    post.body  # => ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError
 
-        create_table :users do |t|
-          t.string :name
-          t.index 'lower(name) varchar_pattern_ops'
-        end
+    # Rails 6.0 (ignore the `select` values)
+    post = Post.select("UPPER(title) AS title").eager_load(:comments).first
+    post.title # => "Welcome to the weblog"
+    post.body  # => "Such a lovely day"
 
-    Fixes #19090, #21765, #21819, #24359.
+    # Rails 6.1 (respect the `select` values)
+    post = Post.select("UPPER(title) AS title").eager_load(:comments).first
+    post.title # => "WELCOME TO THE WEBLOG"
+    post.body  # => ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError
+    ```
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   MySQL: Prepared statements support.
-
-    To enable, set `prepared_statements: true` in config/database.yml.
-    Requires mysql2 0.4.4+.
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Allow attribute's default to be configured but keeping its own type.
 
-*   Schema dumper: Indexes are now included in the `create_table` block
-    instead of listed afterward as separate `add_index` lines.
+    ```ruby
+    class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
+      attribute :written_at, default: -> { Time.now.utc }
+    end
 
-    This tidies up schema.rb and makes it easy to read as a list of tables.
+    # Rails 6.0
+    Post.type_for_attribute(:written_at) # => #<Type::Value ... precision: nil, ...>
 
-    Bonus: Allows databases that support it (MySQL) to perform as single
-    `CREATE TABLE` query, no additional query per index.
+    # Rails 6.1
+    Post.type_for_attribute(:written_at) # => #<Type::DateTime ... precision: 6, ...>
+    ```
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   SQLite: Fix uniqueness validation when values exceed the column limit.
-
-    SQLite doesn't impose length restrictions on strings, BLOBs, or numeric
-    values. It treats them as helpful metadata. When we truncate strings
-    before checking uniqueness, we'd miss values that exceed the column limit.
-
-    Other databases enforce length limits. A large value will pass uniqueness
-    validation since the column limit guarantees no value that long exists.
-    When we insert the row, it'll raise `ActiveRecord::ValueTooLong` as we
-    expect.
+*   Allow default to be configured for Enum.
 
-    This fixes edge-case incorrect validation failures for values that exceed
-    the column limit but are identical to an existing value *when truncated*.
-    Now these will pass validation and raise an exception.
+    ```ruby
+    class Book < ActiveRecord::Base
+      enum status: [:proposed, :written, :published], _default: :published
+    end
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   Raise `ActiveRecord::ValueTooLong` when column limits are exceeded.
-    Supported by MySQL and PostgreSQL adapters.
+    Book.new.status # => "published"
+    ```
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Migrations: `#foreign_key` respects `table_name_prefix` and `_suffix`.
+*   Deprecate YAML loading from legacy format older than Rails 5.0.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   SQLite: Force NOT NULL primary keys.
+*   Added the setting `ActiveRecord::Base.immutable_strings_by_default`, which
+    allows you to specify that all string columns should be frozen unless
+    otherwise specified. This will reduce memory pressure for applications which
+    do not generally mutate string properties of Active Record objects.
 
-    From SQLite docs: https://www.sqlite.org/lang_createtable.html
-        According to the SQL standard, PRIMARY KEY should always imply NOT
-        NULL. Unfortunately, due to a bug in some early versions, this is not
-        the case in SQLite. Unless the column is an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY or the
-        table is a WITHOUT ROWID table or the column is declared NOT NULL,
-        SQLite allows NULL values in a PRIMARY KEY column. SQLite could be
-        fixed to conform to the standard, but doing so might break legacy
-        applications. Hence, it has been decided to merely document the fact
-        that SQLite allowing NULLs in most PRIMARY KEY columns.
+    *Sean Griffin*, *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    Now we override column options to explicitly set NOT NULL rather than rely
-    on implicit NOT NULL like MySQL and PostgreSQL adapters.
+*   Deprecate `map!` and `collect!` on `ActiveRecord::Result`.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Added notice when a database is successfully created or dropped.
+*   Support `relation.and` for intersection as Set theory.
 
-    Example:
+    ```ruby
+    david_and_mary = Author.where(id: [david, mary])
+    mary_and_bob   = Author.where(id: [mary, bob])
 
-        $ bin/rails db:create
-        Created database 'blog_development'
-        Created database 'blog_test'
+    david_and_mary.merge(mary_and_bob) # => [mary, bob]
 
-        $ bin/rails db:drop
-        Dropped database 'blog_development'
-        Dropped database 'blog_test'
+    david_and_mary.and(mary_and_bob) # => [mary]
+    david_and_mary.or(mary_and_bob)  # => [david, mary, bob]
+    ```
 
-    Changed older notices
-    `blog_development already exists` to `Database 'blog_development' already exists`.
-    and
-    `Couldn't drop blog_development` to `Couldn't drop database 'blog_development'`.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *bogdanvlviv*
+*   Merging conditions on the same column no longer maintain both conditions,
+    and will be consistently replaced by the latter condition in Rails 6.2.
+    To migrate to Rails 6.2's behavior, use `relation.merge(other, rewhere: true)`.
 
-*   Database comments. Annotate database objects (tables, columns, indexes)
-    with comments stored in database metadata. PostgreSQL & MySQL support.
+    ```ruby
+    # Rails 6.1 (IN clause is replaced by merger side equality condition)
+    Author.where(id: [david.id, mary.id]).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => [bob]
 
-        create_table :pages, force: :cascade, comment: 'CMS content pages' do |t|
-          t.string :path,   comment: 'Path fragment of page URL used for routing'
-          t.string :locale, comment: 'RFC 3066 locale code of website language section'
-          t.index [:path, :locale], comment: 'Look up pages by URI'
-        end
+    # Rails 6.1 (both conflict conditions exists, deprecated)
+    Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => []
 
-    *Andrey Novikov*
+    # Rails 6.1 with rewhere to migrate to Rails 6.2's behavior
+    Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id).merge(Author.where(id: bob), rewhere: true) # => [bob]
 
-*   Add `quoted_time` for truncating the date part of a TIME column value.
-    This fixes queries on TIME column on MariaDB, as it doesn't ignore the
-    date part of the string when it coerces to time.
+    # Rails 6.2 (same behavior with IN clause, mergee side condition is consistently replaced)
+    Author.where(id: [david.id, mary.id]).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => [bob]
+    Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => [bob]
+    ```
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Properly accept all valid JSON primitives in the JSON data type.
-
-    Fixes #24234
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
+*   Do not mark Postgresql MAC address and UUID attributes as changed when the assigned value only varies by case.
 
-*   MariaDB 5.3+ supports microsecond datetime precision.
+    *Peter Fry*
 
-    *Jeremy Daer*
+*   Resolve issue with insert_all unique_by option when used with expression index.
 
-*   Delegate `none?` and `one?`. Now they can be invoked as model class methods.
+    When the `:unique_by` option of `ActiveRecord::Persistence.insert_all` and
+    `ActiveRecord::Persistence.upsert_all` was used with the name of an expression index, an error
+    was raised. Adding a guard around the formatting behavior for the `:unique_by` corrects this.
 
-    Example:
-
-        # When no record is found on the table
-        Topic.none?  # => true
-
-        # When only one record is found on the table
-        Topic.one?   # => true
-
-    *Kenta Shirai*
+    Usage:
 
-*   The form builder now properly displays values when passing a proc form
-    default to the attributes API.
+    ```ruby
+    create_table :books, id: :integer, force: true do |t|
+      t.column :name, :string
+      t.index "lower(name)", unique: true
+    end
 
-    Fixes #24249.
+    Book.insert_all [{ name: "MyTest" }], unique_by: :index_books_on_lower_name
+    ```
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    Fixes #39516.
 
-*   The schema cache is now cleared after the `db:migrate` task is run.
+    *Austen Madden*
 
-    Closes #24273.
+*   Add basic support for CHECK constraints to database migrations.
 
-    *Chris Arcand*
+    Usage:
 
-*   MySQL: strict mode respects other SQL modes rather than overwriting them.
-    Setting `strict: true` adds `STRICT_ALL_TABLES` to `sql_mode`. Setting
-    `strict: false` removes `STRICT_TRANS_TABLES`, `STRICT_ALL_TABLES`, and
-    `TRADITIONAL` from `sql_mode`.
+    ```ruby
+    add_check_constraint :products, "price > 0", name: "price_check"
+    remove_check_constraint :products, name: "price_check"
+    ```
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *fatkodima*
 
-*   Execute default_scope defined by abstract class in the context of subclass.
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.strict_loading_by_default` and `ActiveRecord::Base.strict_loading_by_default=`
+    to enable/disable strict_loading mode by default for a model. The configuration's value is
+    inheritable by subclasses, but they can override that value and it will not impact parent class.
 
-    Fixes #23413.
-    Fixes #10658.
+    Usage:
 
-    *Mehmet Emin İNAÇ*
+    ```ruby
+    class Developer < ApplicationRecord
+      self.strict_loading_by_default = true
 
-*   Fix an issue when preloading associations with extensions.
-    Previously every association with extension methods was transformed into an
-    instance dependent scope. This is no longer the case.
+      has_many :projects
+    end
 
-    Fixes #23934.
+    dev = Developer.first
+    dev.projects.first
+    # => ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError Exception: Developer is marked as strict_loading and Project cannot be lazily loaded.
+    ```
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    *bogdanvlviv*
 
-*   Deprecate `{insert|update|delete}_sql` in `DatabaseStatements`.
-    Use the `{insert|update|delete}` public methods instead.
+*   Deprecate passing an Active Record object to `quote`/`type_cast` directly.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Added a configuration option to have active record raise an ArgumentError
-    if the order or limit is ignored in a batch query, rather than logging a
-    warning message.
-
-    *Scott Ringwelski*
+*   Default engine `ENGINE=InnoDB` is no longer dumped to make schema more agnostic.
 
-*   Honour the order of the joining model in a `has_many :through` association when eager loading.
+    Before:
 
-    Example:
+    ```ruby
+    create_table "accounts", options: "ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci", force: :cascade do |t|
+    end
+    ```
 
-    The below will now follow the order of `by_lines` when eager loading `authors`.
+    After:
 
-        class Article < ActiveRecord::Base
-          has_many :by_lines, -> { order(:position) }
-          has_many :authors, through: :by_lines
-        end
+    ```ruby
+    create_table "accounts", charset: "utf8mb4", collation: "utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci", force: :cascade do |t|
+    end
+    ```
 
-    Fixes #17864.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Yasyf Mohamedali*, *Joel Turkel*
+*   Added delegated type as an alternative to single-table inheritance for representing class hierarchies.
+    See ActiveRecord::DelegatedType for the full description.
 
-*   Ensure that the Suppressor runs before validations.
+    *DHH*
 
-    This moves the suppressor up to be run before validations rather than after
-    validations. There's no reason to validate a record you aren't planning on saving.
+*   Deprecate aggregations with group by duplicated fields.
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+    To migrate to Rails 6.2's behavior, use `uniq!(:group)` to deduplicate group fields.
 
-*   Save many-to-many objects based on association primary key.
+    ```ruby
+    accounts = Account.group(:firm_id)
 
-    Fixes #20995.
+    # duplicated group fields, deprecated.
+    accounts.merge(accounts.where.not(credit_limit: nil)).sum(:credit_limit)
+    # => {
+    #   [1, 1] => 50,
+    #   [2, 2] => 60
+    # }
 
-    *himesh-r*
+    # use `uniq!(:group)` to deduplicate group fields.
+    accounts.merge(accounts.where.not(credit_limit: nil)).uniq!(:group).sum(:credit_limit)
+    # => {
+    #   1 => 50,
+    #   2 => 60
+    # }
+    ```
 
-*   Ensure that mutations of the array returned from `ActiveRecord::Relation#to_a`
-    do not affect the original relation, by returning a duplicate array each time.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    This brings the behavior in line with `CollectionProxy#to_a`, which was
-    already more careful.
+*   Deprecate duplicated query annotations.
 
-    *Matthew Draper*
+    To migrate to Rails 6.2's behavior, use `uniq!(:annotate)` to deduplicate query annotations.
 
-*   Fixed `where` for polymorphic associations when passed an array containing different types.
+    ```ruby
+    accounts = Account.where(id: [1, 2]).annotate("david and mary")
 
-    Fixes #17011.
+    # duplicated annotations, deprecated.
+    accounts.merge(accounts.rewhere(id: 3))
+    # SELECT accounts.* FROM accounts WHERE accounts.id = 3 /* david and mary */ /* david and mary */
 
-    Example:
+    # use `uniq!(:annotate)` to deduplicate annotations.
+    accounts.merge(accounts.rewhere(id: 3)).uniq!(:annotate)
+    # SELECT accounts.* FROM accounts WHERE accounts.id = 3 /* david and mary */
+    ```
 
-        PriceEstimate.where(estimate_of: [Treasure.find(1), Car.find(2)])
-        # => SELECT "price_estimates".* FROM "price_estimates"
-             WHERE (("price_estimates"."estimate_of_type" = 'Treasure' AND "price_estimates"."estimate_of_id" = 1)
-             OR ("price_estimates"."estimate_of_type" = 'Car' AND "price_estimates"."estimate_of_id" = 2))
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Philippe Huibonhoa*
+*   Resolve conflict between counter cache and optimistic locking.
 
-*   Fix a bug where using `t.foreign_key` twice with the same `to_table` within
-    the same table definition would only create one foreign key.
+    Bump an Active Record instance's lock version after updating its counter
+    cache. This avoids raising an unnecessary `ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError`
+    upon subsequent transactions by maintaining parity with the corresponding
+    database record's `lock_version` column.
 
-    *George Millo*
+    Fixes #16449.
 
-*   Fix a regression on has many association, where calling a child from parent in child's callback
-    results in same child records getting added repeatedly to target.
+    *Aaron Lipman*
 
-    Fixes #13387.
+*   Support merging option `:rewhere` to allow mergee side condition to be replaced exactly.
 
-    *Bogdan Gusiev*, *Jon Hinson*
+    ```ruby
+    david_and_mary = Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id)
 
-*   Rework `ActiveRecord::Relation#last`.
+    # both conflict conditions exists
+    david_and_mary.merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => []
 
-    1. Never perform additional SQL on loaded relation
-    2. Use SQL reverse order instead of loading relation if relation doesn't have limit
-    3. Deprecated relation loading when SQL order can not be automatically reversed
+    # mergee side condition is replaced by rewhere
+    david_and_mary.merge(Author.rewhere(id: bob)) # => [bob]
 
-        Topic.order("title").load.last(3)
-          # before: SELECT ...
-          # after: No SQL
+    # mergee side condition is replaced by rewhere option
+    david_and_mary.merge(Author.where(id: bob), rewhere: true) # => [bob]
+    ```
 
-        Topic.order("title").last
-          # before: SELECT * FROM `topics`
-          # after:  SELECT * FROM `topics` ORDER BY `topics`.`title` DESC LIMIT 1
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-        Topic.order("coalesce(author, title)").last
-          # before: SELECT * FROM `topics`
-          # after:  Deprecation Warning for irreversible order
+*   Add support for finding records based on signed ids, which are tamper-proof, verified ids that can be
+    set to expire and scoped with a purpose. This is particularly useful for things like password reset
+    or email verification, where you want the bearer of the signed id to be able to interact with the
+    underlying record, but usually only within a certain time period.
 
-    *Bogdan Gusiev*
+    ```ruby
+    signed_id = User.first.signed_id expires_in: 15.minutes, purpose: :password_reset
 
-*   Allow `joins` to be unscoped.
+    User.find_signed signed_id # => nil, since the purpose does not match
 
-    Fixes #13775.
+    travel 16.minutes
+    User.find_signed signed_id, purpose: :password_reset # => nil, since the signed id has expired
 
-    *Takashi Kokubun*
+    travel_back
+    User.find_signed signed_id, purpose: :password_reset # => User.first
 
-*   Add `#second_to_last` and `#third_to_last` finder methods.
+    User.find_signed! "bad data" # => ActiveSupport::MessageVerifier::InvalidSignature
+    ```
 
-    *Brian Christian*
+    *DHH*
 
-*   Added `numeric` helper into migrations.
+*   Support `ALGORITHM = INSTANT` DDL option for index operations on MySQL.
 
-    Example:
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-        create_table(:numeric_types) do |t|
-          t.numeric :numeric_type, precision: 10, scale: 2
-        end
+*   Fix index creation to preserve index comment in bulk change table on MySQL.
 
-    *Mehmet Emin İNAÇ*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Bumped the minimum supported version of PostgreSQL to >= 9.1.
-    Both PG 9.0 and 8.4 are past their end of life date:
-    http://www.postgresql.org/support/versioning/
+*   Allow `unscope` to be aware of table name qualified values.
 
-    *Remo Mueller*
+    It is possible to unscope only the column in the specified table.
 
-*   `ActiveRecord::Relation#reverse_order` throws `ActiveRecord::IrreversibleOrderError`
-    when the order can not be reversed using current trivial algorithm.
-    Also raises the same error when `#reverse_order` is called on
-    relation without any order and table has no primary key:
+    ```ruby
+    posts = Post.joins(:comments).group(:"posts.hidden")
+    posts = posts.where("posts.hidden": false, "comments.hidden": false)
 
-        Topic.order("concat(author_name, title)").reverse_order
-          # Before: SELECT `topics`.* FROM `topics` ORDER BY concat(author_name DESC, title) DESC
-          # After: raises ActiveRecord::IrreversibleOrderError
-        Edge.all.reverse_order
-          # Before: SELECT `edges`.* FROM `edges` ORDER BY `edges`.`` DESC
-          # After: raises ActiveRecord::IrreversibleOrderError
+    posts.count
+    # => { false => 10 }
 
-    *Bogdan Gusiev*
+    # unscope both hidden columns
+    posts.unscope(where: :hidden).count
+    # => { false => 11, true => 1 }
 
-*   Improve schema_migrations insertion performance by inserting all versions
-    in one INSERT SQL.
+    # unscope only comments.hidden column
+    posts.unscope(where: :"comments.hidden").count
+    # => { false => 11 }
+    ```
 
-    *Akira Matsuda*, *Naoto Koshikawa*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*, *Slava Korolev*
 
-*   Using `references` or `belongs_to` in migrations will always add index
-    for the referenced column by default, without adding `index: true` option
-    to generated migration file. Users can opt out of this by passing
-    `index: false`.
+*   Fix `rewhere` to truly overwrite collided where clause by new where clause.
 
-    Fixes #18146.
+    ```ruby
+    steve = Person.find_by(name: "Steve")
+    david = Author.find_by(name: "David")
 
-    *Matthew Draper*, *Prathamesh Sonpatki*
+    relation = Essay.where(writer: steve)
 
-*   Run `type` attributes through attributes API type-casting before
-    instantiating the corresponding subclass. This makes it possible to define
-    custom STI mappings.
+    # Before
+    relation.rewhere(writer: david).to_a # => []
 
-    Fixes #21986.
+    # After
+    relation.rewhere(writer: david).to_a # => [david]
+    ```
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Don't try to quote functions or expressions passed to `:default` option if
-    they are passed as procs.
+*   Inspect time attributes with subsec and time zone offset.
 
-    This will generate proper query with the passed function or expression for
-    the default option, instead of trying to quote it in incorrect fashion.
+    ```ruby
+    p Knot.create
+    => #<Knot id: 1, created_at: "2016-05-05 01:29:47.116928000 +0000">
+    ```
 
-    Example:
+    *akinomaeni*, *Jonathan Hefner*
 
-        create_table :posts do |t|
-          t.datetime :published_at, default: -> { 'NOW()' }
-        end
+*   Deprecate passing a column to `type_cast`.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Fix regression when loading fixture files with symbol keys.
+*   Deprecate `in_clause_length` and `allowed_index_name_length` in `DatabaseLimits`.
 
-    Fixes #22584.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+*   Support bulk insert/upsert on relation to preserve scope values.
 
-*   Use `version` column as primary key for schema_migrations table because
-    `schema_migrations` versions are guaranteed to be unique.
+    *Josef Šimánek*, *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    This makes it possible to use `update_attributes` on models that do
-    not have a primary key.
+*   Preserve column comment value on changing column name on MySQL.
 
-    *Richard Schneeman*
+    *Islam Taha*
 
-*   Add short-hand methods for text and blob types in MySQL.
+*   Add support for `if_exists` option for removing an index.
 
-    In Pg and Sqlite3, `:text` and `:binary` have variable unlimited length.
-    But in MySQL, these have limited length for each types (ref #21591, #21619).
-    This change adds short-hand methods for each text and blob types.
+    The `remove_index` method can take an `if_exists` option. If this is set to true an error won't be raised if the index doesn't exist.
 
-    Example:
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-        create_table :foos do |t|
-          t.tinyblob   :tiny_blob
-          t.mediumblob :medium_blob
-          t.longblob   :long_blob
-          t.tinytext   :tiny_text
-          t.mediumtext :medium_text
-          t.longtext   :long_text
-        end
+*   Remove ibm_db, informix, mssql, oracle, and oracle12 Arel visitors which are not used in the code base.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Take into account UTC offset when assigning string representation of
-    timestamp with offset specified to attribute of time type.
+*   Prevent `build_association` from `touching` a parent record if the record isn't persisted for `has_one` associations.
 
-    *Andrey Novikov*
-
-*   When calling `first` with a `limit` argument, return directly from the
-    `loaded?` records if available.
+    Fixes #38219.
 
-    *Ben Woosley*
+    *Josh Brody*
 
-*   Deprecate sending the `offset` argument to `find_nth`. Please use the
-    `offset` method on relation instead.
+*   Add support for `if_not_exists` option for adding index.
 
-    *Ben Woosley*
+    The `add_index` method respects `if_not_exists` option. If it is set to true
+    index won't be added.
 
-*   Limit record touching to once per transaction.
+    Usage:
 
-    If you have a parent/grand-parent relation like:
-
-        Comment belongs_to :message, touch: true
-        Message belongs_to :project, touch: true
-        Project belongs_to :account, touch: true
+    ```ruby
+      add_index :users, :account_id, if_not_exists: true
+    ```
 
-    When the lowest entry(`Comment`) is saved, now, it won't repeat the touch
-    call multiple times for the parent records.
+    The `if_not_exists` option passed to `create_table` also gets propagated to indexes
+    created within that migration so that if table and its indexes exist then there is no
+    attempt to create them again.
 
-    Related #18606.
+    *Prathamesh Sonpatki*
 
-    *arthurnn*
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base#previously_new_record?` to show if a record was new before the last save.
 
-*   Order the result of `find(ids)` to match the passed array, if the relation
-    has no explicit order defined.
+    *Tom Ward*
 
-    Fixes #20338.
+*   Support descending order for `find_each`, `find_in_batches`, and `in_batches`.
 
-    *Miguel Grazziotin*, *Matthew Draper*
+    Batch processing methods allow you to work with the records in batches, greatly reducing memory consumption, but records are always batched from oldest id to newest.
 
-*   Omit default limit values in dumped schema. It's tidier, and if the defaults
-    change in the future, we can address that via Migration API Versioning.
+    This change allows reversing the order, batching from newest to oldest. This is useful when you need to process newer batches of records first.
 
-    *Jean Boussier*
+    Pass `order: :desc` to yield batches in descending order. The default remains `order: :asc`.
 
-*   Support passing the schema name as a prefix to table name in
-    `ConnectionAdapters::SchemaStatements#indexes`. Previously the prefix would
-    be considered a full part of the index name, and only the schema in the
-    current search path would be considered.
+    ```ruby
+    Person.find_each(order: :desc) do |person|
+      person.party_all_night!
+    end
+    ```
 
-    *Grey Baker*
+    *Alexey Vasiliev*
 
-*   Ignore index name in `index_exists?` and `remove_index` when not passed a
-    name to check for.
+*   Fix `insert_all` with enum values.
 
-    *Grey Baker*
+    Fixes #38716.
 
-*   Extract support for the legacy `mysql` database adapter from core. It will
-    live on in a separate gem for now, but most users should just use `mysql2`.
+    *Joel Blum*
 
-    *Abdelkader Boudih*
+*   Add support for `db:rollback:name` for multiple database applications.
 
-*   ApplicationRecord is a new superclass for all app models, analogous to app
-    controllers subclassing ApplicationController instead of
-    ActionController::Base. This gives apps a single spot to configure app-wide
-    model behavior.
+    Multiple database applications will now raise if `db:rollback` is call and recommend using the `db:rollback:[NAME]` to rollback migrations.
 
-    Newly generated applications have `app/models/application_record.rb`
-    present by default.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    *Genadi Samokovarov*
+*   `Relation#pick` now uses already loaded results instead of making another query.
 
-*   Version the API presented to migration classes, so we can change parameter
-    defaults without breaking existing migrations, or forcing them to be
-    rewritten through a deprecation cycle.
+    *Eugene Kenny*
 
-    New migrations specify the Rails version they were written for:
+*   Deprecate using `return`, `break` or `throw` to exit a transaction block after writes.
 
-        class AddStatusToOrders < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
-          def change
-            # ...
-          end
-        end
+    *Dylan Thacker-Smith*
 
-    *Matthew Draper*, *Ravil Bayramgalin*
+*   Dump the schema or structure of a database when calling `db:migrate:name`.
 
-*   Use bind params for `limit` and `offset`. This will generate significantly
-    fewer prepared statements for common tasks like pagination. To support this
-    change, passing a string containing a comma to `limit` has been deprecated,
-    and passing an Arel node to `limit` is no longer supported.
+    In previous versions of Rails, `rails db:migrate` would dump the schema of the database. In Rails 6, that holds true (`rails db:migrate` dumps all databases' schemas), but `rails db:migrate:name` does not share that behavior.
 
-    Fixes #22250.
+    Going forward, calls to `rails db:migrate:name` will dump the schema (or structure) of the database being migrated.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    *Kyle Thompson*
 
-*   Introduce after_{create,update,delete}_commit callbacks.
+*   Reset the `ActiveRecord::Base` connection after `rails db:migrate:name`.
 
-    Before:
+    When `rails db:migrate` has finished, it ensures the `ActiveRecord::Base` connection is reset to its original configuration. Going forward, `rails db:migrate:name` will have the same behavior.
 
-        after_commit :add_to_index_later, on: :create
-        after_commit :update_in_index_later, on: :update
-        after_commit :remove_from_index_later, on: :destroy
+    *Kyle Thompson*
 
-    After:
+*   Disallow calling `connected_to` on subclasses of `ActiveRecord::Base`.
 
-        after_create_commit  :add_to_index_later
-        after_update_commit  :update_in_index_later
-        after_destroy_commit :remove_from_index_later
+    Behavior has not changed here but the previous API could be misleading to people who thought it would switch connections for only that class. `connected_to` switches the context from which we are getting connections, not the connections themselves.
 
-    Fixes #22515.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    *Genadi Samokovarov*
+*   Add support for horizontal sharding to `connects_to` and `connected_to`.
 
-*   Respect the column default values for `inheritance_column` when
-    instantiating records through the base class.
+    Applications can now connect to multiple shards and switch between their shards in an application. Note that the shard swapping is still a manual process as this change does not include an API for automatic shard swapping.
 
-    Fixes #17121.
+    Usage:
 
-    Example:
+    Given the following configuration:
 
-        # The schema of BaseModel has `t.string :type, default: 'SubType'`
-        subtype = BaseModel.new
-        assert_equals SubType, subtype.class
+    ```yaml
+    # config/database.yml
+    production:
+      primary:
+        database: my_database
+      primary_shard_one:
+        database: my_database_shard_one
+    ```
 
-    *Kuldeep Aggarwal*
+    Connect to multiple shards:
 
-*   Fix `rake db:structure:dump` on Postgres when multiple schemas are used.
+    ```ruby
+    class ApplicationRecord < ActiveRecord::Base
+      self.abstract_class = true
 
-    Fixes #22346.
+      connects_to shards: {
+        default: { writing: :primary },
+        shard_one: { writing: :primary_shard_one }
+      }
+    ```
 
-    *Nick Muerdter*, *ckoenig*
+    Swap between shards in your controller / model code:
 
-*   Add schema dumping support for PostgreSQL geometric data types.
+    ```ruby
+    ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(shard: :shard_one) do
+      # Read from shard one
+    end
+    ```
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    The horizontal sharding API also supports read replicas. See guides for more details.
 
-*   Except keys of `build_record`'s argument from `create_scope` in `initialize_attributes`.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    Fixes #21893.
+*   Deprecate `spec_name` in favor of `name` on database configurations.
 
-    *Yuichiro Kaneko*
+    The accessors for `spec_name` on `configs_for` and `DatabaseConfig` are deprecated. Please use `name` instead.
 
-*   Deprecate `connection.tables` on the SQLite3 and MySQL adapters.
-    Also deprecate passing arguments to `#tables`.
-    And deprecate `table_exists?`.
+    Deprecated behavior:
 
-    The `#tables` method of some adapters (mysql, mysql2, sqlite3) would return
-    both tables and views while others (postgresql) just return tables. To make
-    their behavior consistent, `#tables` will return only tables in the future.
+    ```ruby
+    db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configs_for(env_name: "development", spec_name: "primary")
+    db_config.spec_name
+    ```
 
-    The `#table_exists?` method would check both tables and views. To make
-    their behavior consistent with `#tables`, `#table_exists?` will check only
-    tables in the future.
+    New behavior:
 
-    *Yuichiro Kaneko*
+    ```ruby
+    db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configs_for(env_name: "development", name: "primary")
+    db_config.name
+    ```
 
-*   Improve support for non Active Record objects on `validates_associated`
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    Skipping `marked_for_destruction?` when the associated object does not responds
-    to it make easier to validate virtual associations built on top of Active Model
-    objects and/or serialized objects that implement a `valid?` instance method.
+*   Add additional database-specific rake tasks for multi-database users.
 
-    *Kassio Borges*, *Lucas Mazza*
+    Previously, `rails db:create`, `rails db:drop`, and `rails db:migrate` were the only rails tasks that could operate on a single
+    database. For example:
 
-*   Change connection management middleware to return a new response with
-    a body proxy, rather than mutating the original.
+    ```
+    rails db:create
+    rails db:create:primary
+    rails db:create:animals
+    rails db:drop
+    rails db:drop:primary
+    rails db:drop:animals
+    rails db:migrate
+    rails db:migrate:primary
+    rails db:migrate:animals
+    ```
 
-    *Kevin Buchanan*
+    With these changes, `rails db:schema:dump`, `rails db:schema:load`, `rails db:structure:dump`, `rails db:structure:load` and
+    `rails db:test:prepare` can additionally operate on a single database. For example:
 
-*   Make `db:migrate:status` to render `1_some.rb` format migrate files.
+    ```
+    rails db:schema:dump
+    rails db:schema:dump:primary
+    rails db:schema:dump:animals
+    rails db:schema:load
+    rails db:schema:load:primary
+    rails db:schema:load:animals
+    rails db:structure:dump
+    rails db:structure:dump:primary
+    rails db:structure:dump:animals
+    rails db:structure:load
+    rails db:structure:load:primary
+    rails db:structure:load:animals
+    rails db:test:prepare
+    rails db:test:prepare:primary
+    rails db:test:prepare:animals
+    ```
 
-    These files are in `db/migrate`:
+    *Kyle Thompson*
 
-        * 1_valid_people_have_last_names.rb
-        * 20150819202140_irreversible_migration.rb
-        * 20150823202140_add_admin_flag_to_users.rb
-        * 20150823202141_migration_tests.rb
-        * 2_we_need_reminders.rb
-        * 3_innocent_jointable.rb
+*   Add support for `strict_loading` mode on association declarations.
 
-    Before:
+    Raise an error if attempting to load a record from an association that has been marked as `strict_loading` unless it was explicitly eager loaded.
 
-        $ bundle exec rake db:migrate:status
-        ...
+    Usage:
 
-         Status   Migration ID    Migration Name
-        --------------------------------------------------
-           up     001             ********** NO FILE **********
-           up     002             ********** NO FILE **********
-           up     003             ********** NO FILE **********
-           up     20150819202140  Irreversible migration
-           up     20150823202140  Add admin flag to users
-           up     20150823202141  Migration tests
+    ```ruby
+    class Developer < ApplicationRecord
+      has_many :projects, strict_loading: true
+    end
 
-    After:
+    dev = Developer.first
+    dev.projects.first
+    # => ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError: The projects association is marked as strict_loading and cannot be lazily loaded.
+    ```
 
-        $ bundle exec rake db:migrate:status
-        ...
+    *Kevin Deisz*
 
-         Status   Migration ID    Migration Name
-        --------------------------------------------------
-           up     001             Valid people have last names
-           up     002             We need reminders
-           up     003             Innocent jointable
-           up     20150819202140  Irreversible migration
-           up     20150823202140  Add admin flag to users
-           up     20150823202141  Migration tests
+*   Add support for `strict_loading` mode to prevent lazy loading of records.
 
-    *Yuichiro Kaneko*
+    Raise an error if a parent record is marked as `strict_loading` and attempts to lazily load its associations. This is useful for finding places you may want to preload an association and avoid additional queries.
 
-*   Define `ActiveRecord::Sanitization.sanitize_sql_for_order` and use it inside
-    `preprocess_order_args`.
+    Usage:
 
-    *Yuichiro Kaneko*
+    ```ruby
+    dev = Developer.strict_loading.first
+    dev.audit_logs.to_a
+    # => ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError: Developer is marked as strict_loading and AuditLog cannot be lazily loaded.
+    ```
 
-*   Allow bigint with default nil for avoiding auto increment primary key.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *Aaron Patterson*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Add support for PostgreSQL 11+ partitioned indexes when using `upsert_all`.
 
-*   Remove `DEFAULT_CHARSET` and `DEFAULT_COLLATION` in `MySQLDatabaseTasks`.
+    *Sebastián Palma*
 
-    We should omit the collation entirely rather than providing a default.
-    Then the choice is the responsibility of the server and MySQL distribution.
+*   Adds support for `if_not_exists` to `add_column` and `if_exists` to `remove_column`.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    Applications can set their migrations to ignore exceptions raised when adding a column that already exists or when removing a column that does not exist.
 
-*   Alias `ActiveRecord::Relation#left_joins` to
-    `ActiveRecord::Relation#left_outer_joins`.
+    Example Usage:
 
-    *Takashi Kokubun*
+    ```ruby
+    class AddColumnTitle < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.1]
+      def change
+        add_column :posts, :title, :string, if_not_exists: true
+      end
+    end
+    ```
 
-*   Use advisory locking to raise a `ConcurrentMigrationError` instead of
-    attempting to migrate when another migration is currently running.
+    ```ruby
+    class RemoveColumnTitle < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.1]
+      def change
+        remove_column :posts, :title, if_exists: true
+      end
+    end
+    ```
 
-    *Sam Davies*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-*   Added `ActiveRecord::Relation#left_outer_joins`.
+*   Regexp-escape table name for MS SQL Server.
 
-    Example:
+    Add `Regexp.escape` to one method in ActiveRecord, so that table names with regular expression characters in them work as expected. Since MS SQL Server uses "[" and "]" to quote table and column names, and those characters are regular expression characters, methods like `pluck` and `select` fail in certain cases when used with the MS SQL Server adapter.
 
-        User.left_outer_joins(:posts)
-        # => SELECT "users".* FROM "users" LEFT OUTER JOIN "posts" ON
-             "posts"."user_id" = "users"."id"
+    *Larry Reid*
 
-    *Florian Thomas*
+*   Store advisory locks on their own named connection.
 
-*   Support passing an array to `order` for SQL parameter sanitization.
+    Previously advisory locks were taken out against a connection when a migration started. This works fine in single database applications but doesn't work well when migrations need to open new connections which results in the lock getting dropped.
 
-    *Aaron Suggs*
+    In order to fix this we are storing the advisory lock on a new connection with the connection specification name `AdvisoryLockBase`. The caveat is that we need to maintain at least 2 connections to a database while migrations are running in order to do this.
 
-*   Avoid disabling errors on the PostgreSQL connection when enabling the
-    `standard_conforming_strings` setting. Errors were previously disabled because
-    the setting wasn't writable in Postgres 8.1 and didn't exist in earlier
-    versions. Now Rails only supports Postgres 8.2+ we're fine to assume the
-    setting exists. Disabling errors caused problems when using a connection
-    pooling tool like PgBouncer because it's not guaranteed to have the same
-    connection between calls to `execute` and it could leave the connection
-    with errors disabled.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    Fixes #22101.
+*   Allow schema cache path to be defined in the database configuration file.
 
-    *Harry Marr*
+    For example:
 
-*   Set `scope.reordering_value` to `true` if `:reordering`-values are specified.
+    ```yaml
+    development:
+      adapter: postgresql
+      database: blog_development
+      pool: 5
+      schema_cache_path: tmp/schema/main.yml
+    ```
 
-    Fixes #21886.
+    *Katrina Owen*
 
-    *Hiroaki Izu*
+*   Deprecate `#remove_connection` in favor of `#remove_connection_pool` when called on the handler.
 
-*   Add support for bidirectional destroy dependencies.
+    `#remove_connection` is deprecated in order to support returning a `DatabaseConfig` object instead of a `Hash`. Use `#remove_connection_pool`, `#remove_connection` will be removed in 6.2.
 
-    Fixes #13609.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    Example:
+*   Deprecate `#default_hash` and it's alias `#[]` on database configurations.
 
-        class Content < ActiveRecord::Base
-          has_one :position, dependent: :destroy
-        end
+    Applications should use `configs_for`. `#default_hash` and `#[]` will be removed in 6.2.
 
-        class Position < ActiveRecord::Base
-          belongs_to :content, dependent: :destroy
-        end
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    *Seb Jacobs*
+*   Add scale support to `ActiveRecord::Validations::NumericalityValidator`.
 
-*   Includes HABTM returns correct size now. It's caused by the join dependency
-    only instantiates one HABTM object because the join table hasn't a primary key.
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-    Fixes #16032.
+*   Find orphans by looking for missing relations through chaining `where.missing`:
 
-    Examples:
+    Before:
 
-        before:
+    ```ruby
+    Post.left_joins(:author).where(authors: { id: nil })
+    ```
 
-        Project.first.salaried_developers.size # => 3
-        Project.includes(:salaried_developers).first.salaried_developers.size # => 1
+    After:
 
-        after:
+    ```ruby
+    Post.where.missing(:author)
+    ```
 
-        Project.first.salaried_developers.size # => 3
-        Project.includes(:salaried_developers).first.salaried_developers.size # => 3
+    *Tom Rossi*
 
-    *Bigxiang*
+*   Ensure `:reading` connections always raise if a write is attempted.
 
-*   Add option to index errors in nested attributes.
+    Now Rails will raise an `ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyError` if any connection on the reading handler attempts to make a write. If your reading role needs to write you should name the role something other than `:reading`.
 
-    For models which have nested attributes, errors within those models will
-    now be indexed if `:index_errors` option is set to true when defining a
-    `has_many` relationship or by setting the configuration option
-    `config.active_record.index_nested_attribute_errors` to true.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    Example:
+*   Deprecate `"primary"` as the `connection_specification_name` for `ActiveRecord::Base`.
 
-        class Guitar < ActiveRecord::Base
-          has_many :tuning_pegs, index_errors: true
-          accepts_nested_attributes_for :tuning_pegs
-        end
+    `"primary"` has been deprecated as the `connection_specification_name` for `ActiveRecord::Base` in favor of using `"ActiveRecord::Base"`. This change affects calls to `ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handler.retrieve_connection` and `ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handler.remove_connection`. If you're calling these methods with `"primary"`, please switch to `"ActiveRecord::Base"`.
 
-        class TuningPeg < ActiveRecord::Base
-          belongs_to :guitar
-          validates_numericality_of :pitch
-        end
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-        # Before
-        guitar.errors["tuning_pegs.pitch"] = ["is not a number"]
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Validations::NumericalityValidator` with
+    support for casting floats using a database columns' precision value.
 
-        # After
-        guitar.errors["tuning_pegs[1].pitch"] = ["is not a number"]
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-    *Michael Probber*, *Terence Sun*
+*   Enforce fresh ETag header after a collection's contents change by adding
+    ActiveRecord::Relation#cache_key_with_version. This method will be used by
+    ActionController::ConditionalGet to ensure that when collection cache versioning
+    is enabled, requests using ConditionalGet don't return the same ETag header
+    after a collection is modified.
 
-*   Exit with non-zero status for failed database rake tasks.
+    Fixes #38078.
 
-    *Jay Hayes*
+    *Aaron Lipman*
 
-*   Queries such as `Computer.joins(:monitor).group(:status).count` will now be
-    interpreted as  `Computer.joins(:monitor).group('computers.status').count`
-    so that when `Computer` and `Monitor` have both `status` columns we don't
-    have conflicts in projection.
+*   Skip test database when running `db:create` or `db:drop` in development
+    with `DATABASE_URL` set.
 
-    *Rafael Sales*
+    *Brian Buchalter*
 
-*   Add ability to default to `uuid` as primary key when generating database migrations.
+*   Don't allow mutations on the database configurations hash.
 
-    Example:
+    Freeze the configurations hash to disallow directly changing it. If applications need to change the hash, for example to create databases for parallelization, they should use the `DatabaseConfig` object directly.
 
-        config.generators do |g|
-          g.orm :active_record, primary_key_type: :uuid
-        end
+    Before:
 
-    *Jon McCartie*
+    ```ruby
+    @db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "test", spec_name: "primary")
+    @db_config.configuration_hash.merge!(idle_timeout: "0.02")
+    ```
 
-*   Don't cache arguments in `#find_by` if they are an `ActiveRecord::Relation`.
+    After:
 
-    Fixes #20817.
+    ```ruby
+    @db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "test", spec_name: "primary")
+    config = @db_config.configuration_hash.merge(idle_timeout: "0.02")
+    db_config = ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::HashConfig.new(@db_config.env_name, @db_config.spec_name, config)
+    ```
 
-    *Hiroaki Izu*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   Qualify column name inserted by `group` in calculation.
+*   Remove `:connection_id` from the `sql.active_record` notification.
 
-    Giving `group` an unqualified column name now works, even if the relation
-    has `JOIN` with another table which also has a column of the name.
+    *Aaron Patterson*, *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Soutaro Matsumoto*
+*   The `:name` key will no longer be returned as part of `DatabaseConfig#configuration_hash`. Please use `DatabaseConfig#owner_name` instead.
 
-*   Don't cache prepared statements containing an IN clause or a SQL literal, as
-    these queries will change often and are unlikely to have a cache hit.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+*   ActiveRecord's `belongs_to_required_by_default` flag can now be set per model.
 
-*   Fix `rewhere` in a `has_many` association.
+    You can now opt-out/opt-in specific models from having their associations required
+    by default.
 
-    Fixes #21955.
+    This change is meant to ease the process of migrating all your models to have
+    their association required.
 
-    *Josh Branchaud*, *Kal*
+    *Edouard Chin*
 
-*   `where` raises ArgumentError on unsupported types.
+*   The `connection_config` method has been deprecated, please use `connection_db_config` instead which will return a `DatabaseConfigurations::DatabaseConfig` instead of a `Hash`.
 
-    Fixes #20473.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    *Jake Worth*
+*   Retain explicit selections on the base model after applying `includes` and `joins`.
 
-*   Add an immutable string type to help reduce memory usage for apps which do
-    not need mutation detection on strings.
+    Resolves #34889.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    *Patrick Rebsch*
 
-*   Give `ActiveRecord::Relation#update` its own deprecation warning when
-    passed an `ActiveRecord::Base` instance.
+*   The `database` kwarg is deprecated without replacement because it can't be used for sharding and creates an issue if it's used during a request. Applications that need to create new connections should use `connects_to` instead.
 
-    Fixes #21945.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    *Ted Johansson*
+*   Allow attributes to be fetched from Arel node groupings.
 
-*   Make it possible to pass `:to_table` when adding a foreign key through
-    `add_reference`.
+    *Jeff Emminger*, *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-    Fixes #21563.
+*   A database URL can now contain a querystring value that contains an equal sign. This is needed to support passing PostgreSQL `options`.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    *Joshua Flanagan*
 
-*   No longer pass deprecated option `-i` to `pg_dump`.
+*   Calling methods like `establish_connection` with a `Hash` which is invalid (eg: no `adapter`) will now raise an error the same way as connections defined in `config/database.yml`.
 
-    *Paul Sadauskas*
+    *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   Concurrent `AR::Base#increment!` and `#decrement!` on the same record
-    are all reflected in the database rather than overwriting each other.
+*   Specifying `implicit_order_column` now subsorts the records by primary key if available to ensure deterministic results.
 
-    *Bogdan Gusiev*
+    *Paweł Urbanek*
 
-*   Avoid leaking the first relation we call `first` on, per model.
+*   `where(attr => [])` now loads an empty result without making a query.
 
-    Fixes #21921.
+    *John Hawthorn*
 
-    *Matthew Draper*, *Jean Boussier*
+*   Fixed the performance regression for `primary_keys` introduced MySQL 8.0.
 
-*   Remove unused `pk_and_sequence_for` in `AbstractMysqlAdapter`.
+    *Hiroyuki Ishii*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Add support for `belongs_to` to `has_many` inversing.
 
-*   Allow fixtures files to set the model class in the YAML file itself.
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-    To load the fixtures file `accounts.yml` as the `User` model, use:
+*   Allow length configuration for `has_secure_token` method. The minimum length
+    is set at 24 characters.
 
-        _fixture:
-          model_class: User
-        david:
-          name: David
+    Before:
 
-    Fixes #9516.
+    ```ruby
+    has_secure_token :auth_token
+    ```
 
-    *Roque Pinel*
+    After:
 
-*   Don't require a database connection to load a class which uses acceptance
-    validations.
+    ```ruby
+    has_secure_token :default_token             # 24 characters
+    has_secure_token :auth_token, length: 36    # 36 characters
+    has_secure_token :invalid_token, length: 12 # => ActiveRecord::SecureToken::MinimumLengthError
+    ```
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    *Bernardo de Araujo*
 
-*   Correctly apply `unscope` when preloading through associations.
+*   Deprecate `DatabaseConfigurations#to_h`. These connection hashes are still available via `ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for`.
 
-    *Jimmy Bourassa*
+    *Eileen Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   Fixed taking precision into count when assigning a value to timestamp attribute.
+*   Add `DatabaseConfig#configuration_hash` to return database configuration hashes with symbol keys, and use all symbol-key configuration hashes internally. Deprecate `DatabaseConfig#config` which returns a String-keyed `Hash` with the same values.
 
-    Timestamp column can have less precision than ruby timestamp
-    In result in how big a fraction of a second can be stored in the
-    database.
+    *John Crepezzi*, *Eileen Uchitelle*
 
+*   Allow column names to be passed to `remove_index` positionally along with other options.
 
-        m = Model.create!
-        m.created_at.usec == m.reload.created_at.usec # => false
-        # due to different precision in Time.now and database column
+    Passing other options can be necessary to make `remove_index` correctly reversible.
 
-    If the precision is low enough, (mysql default is 0, so it is always low
-    enough by default) the value changes when model is reloaded from the
-    database. This patch fixes that issue ensuring that any timestamp
-    assigned as an attribute is converted to column precision under the
-    attribute.
+    Before:
 
-    *Bogdan Gusiev*
+        add_index    :reports, :report_id               # => works
+        add_index    :reports, :report_id, unique: true # => works
+        remove_index :reports, :report_id               # => works
+        remove_index :reports, :report_id, unique: true # => ArgumentError
 
-*   Introduce `connection.data_sources` and `connection.data_source_exists?`.
-    These methods determine what relations can be used to back Active Record
-    models (usually tables and views).
+    After:
 
-    Also deprecate `SchemaCache#tables`, `SchemaCache#table_exists?` and
-    `SchemaCache#clear_table_cache!` in favor of their new data source
-    counterparts.
+        remove_index :reports, :report_id, unique: true # => works
 
-    *Yves Senn*, *Matthew Draper*
+    *Eugene Kenny*
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.ignored_columns` to make some columns
-    invisible from Active Record.
+*   Allow bulk `ALTER` statements to drop and recreate indexes with the same name.
 
-    *Jean Boussier*
+    *Eugene Kenny*
 
-*   `ActiveRecord::Tasks::MySQLDatabaseTasks` fails if shellout to
-    mysql commands (like `mysqldump`) is not successful.
+*   `insert`, `insert_all`, `upsert`, and `upsert_all` now clear the query cache.
 
-    *Steve Mitchell*
+    *Eugene Kenny*
 
-*   Ensure `select` quotes aliased attributes, even when using `from`.
+*   Call `while_preventing_writes` directly from `connected_to`.
 
-    Fixes #21488.
+    In some cases application authors want to use the database switching middleware and make explicit calls with `connected_to`. It's possible for an app to turn off writes and not turn them back on by the time we call `connected_to(role: :writing)`.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*, *@johanlunds*
+    This change allows apps to fix this by assuming if a role is writing we want to allow writes, except in the case it's explicitly turned off.
 
-*   MySQL: support `unsigned` numeric data types.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    Example:
+*   Improve detection of ActiveRecord::StatementTimeout with mysql2 adapter in the edge case when the query is terminated during filesort.
 
-        create_table :foos do |t|
-          t.unsigned_integer :quantity
-          t.unsigned_bigint  :total
-          t.unsigned_float   :percentage
-          t.unsigned_decimal :price, precision: 10, scale: 2
-        end
+    *Kir Shatrov*
 
-    The `unsigned: true` option may be used for the primary key:
+*   Stop trying to read yaml file fixtures when loading Active Record fixtures.
 
-        create_table :foos, id: :bigint, unsigned: true do |t|
-          …
-        end
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Deprecate `.reorder(nil)` with `.first` / `.first!` taking non-deterministic result.
 
-*   Add `#views` and `#view_exists?` methods on connection adapters.
+    To continue taking non-deterministic result, use `.take` / `.take!` instead.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Correctly dump composite primary key.
-
-    Example:
+*   Preserve user supplied joins order as much as possible.
 
-        create_table :barcodes, primary_key: ["region", "code"] do |t|
-          t.string :region
-          t.integer :code
-        end
+    Fixes #36761, #34328, #24281, #12953.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Lookup the attribute name for `restrict_with_error` messages on the
-    model class that defines the association.
-
-    *kuboon*, *Ronak Jangir*
-
-*   Correct query for PostgreSQL 8.2 compatibility.
-
-    *Ben Murphy*, *Matthew Draper*
-
-*   `bin/rails db:migrate` uses
-    `ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.migrations_paths` instead of
-    `Migrator.migrations_paths`.
-
-    *Tobias Bielohlawek*
-
-*   Support dropping indexes concurrently in PostgreSQL.
-
-    See http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.4/static/sql-dropindex.html for more
-    details.
-
-    *Grey Baker*
-
-*   Deprecate passing conditions to `ActiveRecord::Relation#delete_all`
-    and `ActiveRecord::Relation#destroy_all`.
-
-    *Wojciech Wnętrzak*
-
-*   Instantiating an AR model with `ActionController::Parameters` now raises
-    an `ActiveModel::ForbiddenAttributesError` if the parameters include a
-    `type` field that has not been explicitly permitted. Previously, the
-    `type` field was simply ignored in the same situation.
-
-    *Prem Sichanugrist*
-
-*   PostgreSQL, `create_schema`, `drop_schema` and `rename_table` now quote
-    schema names.
-
-    Fixes #21418.
+*   Allow `matches_regex` and `does_not_match_regexp` on the MySQL Arel visitor.
 
-    Example:
-
-        create_schema("my.schema")
-        # CREATE SCHEMA "my.schema";
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   PostgreSQL, add `:if_exists` option to `#drop_schema`. This makes it
-    possible to drop a schema that might exist without raising an exception if
-    it doesn't.
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   Only try to nullify has_one target association if the record is persisted.
-
-    Fixes #21223.
-
-    *Agis Anastasopoulos*
+    *James Pearson*
 
-*   Uniqueness validator raises descriptive error when running on a persisted
-    record without primary key.
+*   Allow specifying fixtures to be ignored by setting `ignore` in YAML file's '_fixture' section.
 
-    Fixes #21304.
+    *Tongfei Gao*
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+*   Make the DATABASE_URL env variable only affect the primary connection. Add new env variables for multiple databases.
 
-*   Add a native JSON data type support in MySQL.
+    *John Crepezzi*, *Eileen Uchitelle*
 
-    Example:
+*   Add a warning for enum elements with 'not_' prefix.
 
-        create_table :json_data_type do |t|
-          t.json :settings
+        class Foo
+          enum status: [:sent, :not_sent]
         end
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   Descriptive error message when fixtures contain a missing column.
-
-    Fixes #21201.
+    *Edu Depetris*
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+*   Make currency symbols optional for money column type in PostgreSQL.
 
-*   `ActiveRecord::Tasks::PostgreSQLDatabaseTasks` fail if shellout to
-    postgresql commands (like `pg_dump`) is not successful.
+    *Joel Schneider*
 
-    *Bryan Paxton*, *Nate Berkopec*
+*   Add support for beginless ranges, introduced in Ruby 2.7.
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Relation#in_batches` to work with records and relations
-    in batches.
+    *Josh Goodall*
 
-    Available options are `of` (batch size), `load`, `start`, and `finish`.
+*   Add `database_exists?` method to connection adapters to check if a database exists.
 
-    Examples:
+    *Guilherme Mansur*
 
-        Person.in_batches.each_record(&:party_all_night!)
-        Person.in_batches.update_all(awesome: true)
-        Person.in_batches.delete_all
-        Person.in_batches.each do |relation|
-          relation.delete_all
-          sleep 10 # Throttles the delete queries
-        end
+*   Loading the schema for a model that has no `table_name` raises a `TableNotSpecified` error.
 
-    Fixes #20933.
+    *Guilherme Mansur*, *Eugene Kenny*
 
-    *Sina Siadat*
+*   PostgreSQL: Fix GROUP BY with ORDER BY virtual count attribute.
 
-*   Added methods for PostgreSQL geometric data types to use in migrations.
+    Fixes #36022.
 
-    Example:
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-        create_table :foo do |t|
-          t.line :foo_line
-          t.lseg :foo_lseg
-          t.box :foo_box
-          t.path :foo_path
-          t.polygon :foo_polygon
-          t.circle :foo_circle
-        end
+*   Make ActiveRecord `ConnectionPool.connections` method thread-safe.
 
-    *Mehmet Emin İNAÇ*
+    Fixes #36465.
 
-*   Add `cache_key` to `ActiveRecord::Relation`.
+    *Jeff Doering*
 
-    Example:
-
-        @users = User.where("name like ?", "%Alberto%")
-        @users.cache_key
-        # => "/users/query-5942b155a43b139f2471b872ac54251f-3-20150714212107656125000"
-
-    *Alberto Fernández-Capel*
-
-*   Properly allow uniqueness validations on primary keys.
-
-    Fixes #20966.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*, *presskey*
-
-*   Don't raise an error if an association failed to destroy when `destroy` was
-    called on the parent (as opposed to `destroy!`).
-
-    Fixes #20991.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   `ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound` modified to store model name, primary_key and
-    id of the caller model. It allows the catcher of this exception to make
-    a better decision to what to do with it.
-
-    Example:
-
-        class SomeAbstractController < ActionController::Base
-          rescue_from ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, with: :redirect_to_404
-
-          private def redirect_to_404(e)
-            return redirect_to(posts_url) if e.model == 'Post'
-            raise
-          end
-        end
-
-    *Sameer Rahmani*
-
-*   Deprecate the keys for association `restrict_dependent_destroy` errors in favor
-    of new key names.
-
-    Previously `has_one` and `has_many` associations were using the
-    `one` and `many` keys respectively. Both of these keys have special
-    meaning in I18n (they are considered to be pluralizations) so by
-    renaming them to `has_one` and `has_many` we make the messages more explicit
-    and most importantly they don't clash with linguistical systems that need to
-    validate translation keys (and their pluralizations).
-
-    The `:'restrict_dependent_destroy.one'` key should be replaced with
-    `:'restrict_dependent_destroy.has_one'`, and `:'restrict_dependent_destroy.many'`
-    with `:'restrict_dependent_destroy.has_many'`.
-
-    *Roque Pinel*, *Christopher Dell*
-
-*   Fix state being carried over from previous transaction.
-
-    Considering the following example where `name` is a required attribute.
-    Before we had `new_record?` returning `true` for a persisted record:
-
-        author = Author.create! name: 'foo'
-        author.name = nil
-        author.save        # => false
-        author.new_record? # => true
-
-    Fixes #20824.
-
-    *Roque Pinel*
-
-*   Correctly ignore `mark_for_destruction` when `autosave` isn't set to `true`
-    when validating associations.
-
-    Fixes #20882.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Fix a bug where counter_cache doesn't always work with polymorphic
-    relations.
-
-    Fixes #16407.
-
-    *Stefan Kanev*, *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Ensure that cyclic associations with autosave don't cause duplicate errors
-    to be added to the parent record.
-
-    Fixes #20874.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Ensure that `ActionController::Parameters` can still be passed to nested
-    attributes.
-
-    Fixes #20922.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Deprecate force association reload by passing a truthy argument to
-    association method.
-
-    For collection association, you can call `#reload` on association proxy to
-    force a reload:
-
-        @user.posts.reload   # Instead of @user.posts(true)
-
-    For singular association, you can call `#reload` on the parent object to
-    clear its association cache then call the association method:
-
-        @user.reload.profile   # Instead of @user.profile(true)
-
-    Passing a truthy argument to force association to reload will be removed in
-    Rails 5.1.
-
-    *Prem Sichanugrist*
-
-*   Replaced `ActiveSupport::Concurrency::Latch` with `Concurrent::CountDownLatch`
-    from the concurrent-ruby gem.
-
-    *Jerry D'Antonio*
-
-*   Fix through associations using scopes having the scope merged multiple
-    times.
-
-    Fixes #20721.
-    Fixes #20727.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   `ActiveRecord::Base.dump_schema_after_migration` applies migration tasks
-    other than `db:migrate`. (eg. `db:rollback`, `db:migrate:dup`, ...)
-
-    Fixes #20743.
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   Add alternate syntax to make `change_column_default` reversible.
-
-    User can pass in `:from` and `:to` to make `change_column_default` command
-    become reversible.
-
-    Example:
-
-        change_column_default :posts, :status, from: nil, to: "draft"
-        change_column_default :users, :authorized, from: true, to: false
-
-    *Prem Sichanugrist*
-
-*   Prevent error when using `force_reload: true` on an unassigned polymorphic
-    belongs_to association.
-
-    Fixes #20426.
-
-    *James Dabbs*
-
-*   Correctly raise `ActiveRecord::AssociationTypeMismatch` when assigning
-    a wrong type to a namespaced association.
-
-    Fixes #20545.
-
-    *Diego Carrion*
-
-*   `validates_absence_of` respects `marked_for_destruction?`.
-
-    Fixes #20449.
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   Include the `Enumerable` module in `ActiveRecord::Relation`
-
-    *Sean Griffin*, *bogdan*
-
-*   Use `Enumerable#sum` in `ActiveRecord::Relation` if a block is given.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Let `WITH` queries (Common Table Expressions) be explainable.
-
-    *Vladimir Kochnev*
-
-*   Make `remove_index :table, :column` reversible.
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   Fixed an error which would occur in dirty checking when calling
-    `update_attributes` from a getter.
-
-    Fixes #20531.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Make `remove_foreign_key` reversible. Any foreign key options must be
-    specified, similar to `remove_column`.
-
-    *Aster Ryan*
-
-*   Add `:_prefix` and `:_suffix` options to `enum` definition.
-
-    Fixes #17511, #17415.
-
-    *Igor Kapkov*
-
-*   Correctly handle decimal arrays with defaults in the schema dumper.
-
-    Fixes #20515.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*, *jmondo*
-
-*   Deprecate the PostgreSQL `:point` type in favor of a new one which will return
-    `Point` objects instead of an `Array`
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Ensure symbols passed to `ActiveRecord::Relation#select` are always treated
-    as columns.
-
-    Fixes #20360.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Do not set `sql_mode` if `strict: :default` is specified.
-
-        # config/database.yml
-        production:
-          adapter: mysql2
-          database: foo_prod
-          user: foo
-          strict: :default
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   Allow proc defaults to be passed to the attributes API. See documentation
-    for examples.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*, *Kir Shatrov*
-
-*   SQLite: `:collation` support for string and text columns.
-
-    Example:
-
-        create_table :foo do |t|
-          t.string :string_nocase, collation: 'NOCASE'
-          t.text :text_rtrim, collation: 'RTRIM'
-        end
-
-        add_column :foo, :title, :string, collation: 'RTRIM'
-
-        change_column :foo, :title, :string, collation: 'NOCASE'
-
-    *Akshay Vishnoi*
-
-*   Allow the use of symbols or strings to specify enum values in test
-    fixtures:
-
-        awdr:
-          title: "Agile Web Development with Rails"
-          status: :proposed
-
-    *George Claghorn*
-
-*   Clear query cache when `ActiveRecord::Base#reload` is called.
-
-    *Shane Hender, Pierre Nespo*
-
-*   Include stored procedures and function on the MySQL structure dump.
-
-    *Jonathan Worek*
-
-*   Pass `:extend` option for `has_and_belongs_to_many` associations to the
-    underlying `has_many :through`.
-
-    *Jaehyun Shin*
-
-*   Deprecate `Relation#uniq` use `Relation#distinct` instead.
-
-    See #9683.
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   Allow single table inheritance instantiation to work when storing
-    demodulized class names.
-
-    *Alex Robbin*
-
-*   Correctly pass MySQL options when using `structure_dump` or
-    `structure_load`.
-
-    Specifically, it fixes an issue when using SSL authentication.
-
-    *Alex Coomans*
-
-*   Correctly dump `:options` on `create_table` for MySQL.
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   PostgreSQL: `:collation` support for string and text columns.
-
-    Example:
-
-        create_table :foos do |t|
-          t.string :string_en, collation: 'en_US.UTF-8'
-          t.text   :text_ja,   collation: 'ja_JP.UTF-8'
-        end
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   Remove `ActiveRecord::Serialization::XmlSerializer` from core.
-
-    *Zachary Scott*
-
-*   Make `unscope` aware of "less than" and "greater than" conditions.
-
-    *TAKAHASHI Kazuaki*
-
-*   `find_by` and `find_by!` raise `ArgumentError` when called without
-    arguments.
-
-    *Kohei Suzuki*
-
-*   Revert behavior of `db:schema:load` back to loading the full
-    environment. This ensures that initializers are run.
-
-    Fixes #19545.
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   Fix missing index when using `timestamps` with the `index` option.
-
-    The `index` option used with `timestamps` should be passed to both
-    `column` definitions for `created_at` and `updated_at` rather than just
-    the first.
-
-    *Paul Mucur*
-
-*   Rename `:class` to `:anonymous_class` in association options.
-
-    Fixes #19659.
-
-    *Andrew White*
-
-*   Autosave existing records on a has many through association when the parent
-    is new.
-
-    Fixes #19782.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Fixed a bug where uniqueness validations would error on out of range values,
-    even if an validation should have prevented it from hitting the database.
-
-    *Andrey Voronkov*
-
-*   MySQL: `:charset` and `:collation` support for string and text columns.
-
-    Example:
-
-        create_table :foos do |t|
-          t.string :string_utf8_bin, charset: 'utf8', collation: 'utf8_bin'
-          t.text   :text_ascii,      charset: 'ascii'
-        end
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   Foreign key related methods in the migration DSL respect
-    `ActiveRecord::Base.pluralize_table_names = false`.
-
-    Fixes #19643.
-
-    *Mehmet Emin İNAÇ*
-
-*   Reduce memory usage from loading types on PostgreSQL.
-
-    Fixes #19578.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Add `config.active_record.warn_on_records_fetched_greater_than` option.
-
-    When set to an integer, a warning will be logged whenever a result set
-    larger than the specified size is returned by a query.
-
-    Fixes #16463.
-
-    *Jason Nochlin*
-
-*   Ignore `.psqlrc` when loading database structure.
-
-    *Jason Weathered*
-
-*   Fix referencing wrong table aliases while joining tables of has many through
-    association (only when calling calculation methods).
-
-    Fixes #19276.
-
-    *pinglamb*
-
-*   Correctly persist a serialized attribute that has been returned to
-    its default value by an in-place modification.
-
-    Fixes #19467.
-
-    *Matthew Draper*
-
-*   Fix generating the schema file when using PostgreSQL `BigInt[]` data type.
-    Previously the `limit: 8` was not coming through, and this caused it to
-    become `Int[]` data type after rebuilding from the schema.
-
-    Fixes #19420.
-
-    *Jake Waller*
-
-*   Reuse the `CollectionAssociation#reader` cache when the foreign key is
-    available prior to save.
-
-    *Ben Woosley*
-
-*   Add `config.active_record.dump_schemas` to fix `db:structure:dump`
-    when using schema_search_path and PostgreSQL extensions.
-
-    Fixes #17157.
-
-    *Ryan Wallace*
-
-*   Renaming `use_transactional_fixtures` to `use_transactional_tests` for clarity.
-
-    Fixes #18864.
-
-    *Brandon Weiss*
-
-*   Increase pg gem version requirement to `~> 0.18`. Earlier versions of the
-    pg gem are known to have problems with Ruby 2.2.
-
-    *Matt Brictson*
-
-*   Correctly dump `serial` and `bigserial`.
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   Fix default `format` value in `ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks#schema_file`.
-
-    *James Cox*
-
-*   Don't enroll records in the transaction if they don't have commit callbacks.
-    This was causing a memory leak when creating many records inside a transaction.
-
-    Fixes #15549.
-
-    *Will Bryant*, *Aaron Patterson*
-
-*   Correctly create through records when created on a has many through
-    association when using `where`.
-
-    Fixes #19073.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Add `SchemaMigration.create_table` support for any unicode charsets with MySQL.
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   PostgreSQL no longer disables user triggers if system triggers can't be
-    disabled. Disabling user triggers does not fulfill what the method promises.
-    Rails currently requires superuser privileges for this method.
-
-    If you absolutely rely on this behavior, consider patching
-    `disable_referential_integrity`.
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   Restore aborted transaction state when `disable_referential_integrity` fails
-    due to missing permissions.
-
-    *Toby Ovod-Everett*, *Yves Senn*
-
-*   In PostgreSQL, print a warning message if `disable_referential_integrity`
-    fails due to missing permissions.
-
-    *Andrey Nering*, *Yves Senn*
-
-*   Allow a `:limit` option for MySQL bigint primary key support.
-
-    Example:
-
-        create_table :foos, id: :primary_key, limit: 8 do |t|
-        end
-
-        # or
-
-        create_table :foos, id: false do |t|
-          t.primary_key :id, limit: 8
-        end
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   `belongs_to` will now trigger a validation error by default if the association is not present.
-    You can turn this off on a per-association basis with `optional: true`.
-    (Note this new default only applies to new Rails apps that will be generated with
-    `config.active_record.belongs_to_required_by_default = true` in initializer.)
-
-    *Josef Šimánek*
-
-*   Fixed `ActiveRecord::Relation#becomes!` and `changed_attributes` issues for type
-    columns.
-
-    Fixes #17139.
-
-    *Miklos Fazekas*
-
-*   Format the time string according to the precision of the time column.
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   Allow a `:precision` option for time type columns.
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.suppress` to prevent the receiver from being saved
-    during the given block.
-
-    For example, here's a pattern of creating notifications when new comments
-    are posted. (The notification may in turn trigger an email, a push
-    notification, or just appear in the UI somewhere):
-
-        class Comment < ActiveRecord::Base
-          belongs_to :commentable, polymorphic: true
-          after_create -> { Notification.create! comment: self,
-            recipients: commentable.recipients }
-        end
-
-    That's what you want the bulk of the time. A new comment creates a new
-    Notification. There may be edge cases where you don't want that, like
-    when copying a commentable and its comments, in which case write a
-    concern with something like this:
-
-        module Copyable
-          def copy_to(destination)
-            Notification.suppress do
-              # Copy logic that creates new comments that we do not want triggering
-              # notifications.
-            end
-          end
-        end
-
-    *Michael Ryan*
-
-*   `:time` option added for `#touch`.
-
-    Fixes #18905.
-
-    *Hyonjee Joo*
-
-*   Add `foreign_key_exists?` method.
-
-    *Tõnis Simo*
-
-*   Use SQL COUNT and LIMIT 1 queries for `none?` and `one?` methods
-    if no block or limit is given, instead of loading the entire
-    collection into memory. This applies to relations (e.g. `User.all`)
-    as well as associations (e.g. `account.users`)
-
-        # Before:
-
-        users.none?
-        # SELECT "users".* FROM "users"
-
-        users.one?
-        # SELECT "users".* FROM "users"
-
-        # After:
-
-        users.none?
-        # SELECT 1 AS one FROM "users" LIMIT 1
-
-        users.one?
-        # SELECT COUNT(*) FROM "users"
-
-    *Eugene Gilburg*
-
-*   Have `enum` perform type casting consistently with the rest of Active
-    Record, such as `where`.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   `scoping` no longer pollutes the current scope of sibling classes when using
-    STI.
-
-    Fixes #18806.
-
-    Example:
-
-        StiOne.none.scoping do
-          StiTwo.all
-        end
-
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   `remove_reference` with `foreign_key: true` removes the foreign key before
-    removing the column. This fixes a bug where it was not possible to remove
-    the column on MySQL.
-
-    Fixes #18664.
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   `find_in_batches` now accepts an `:finish` parameter that complements the `:start`
-     parameter to specify where to stop batch processing.
-
-    *Vipul A M*
-
-*   Fix a rounding problem for PostgreSQL timestamp columns.
-
-    If a timestamp column has a precision specified, it needs to
-    format according to that.
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   Respect the database default charset for `schema_migrations` table.
-
-    The charset of `version` column in `schema_migrations` table depends
-    on the database default charset and collation rather than the encoding
-    of the connection.
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   Raise `ArgumentError` when passing `nil` or `false` to `Relation#merge`.
-
-    These are not valid values to merge in a relation, so it should warn users
-    early.
-
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
-
-*   Use `SCHEMA` instead of `DB_STRUCTURE` for specifying a structure file.
-
-    This makes the `db:structure` tasks consistent with `test:load_structure`.
-
-    *Dieter Komendera*
-
-*   Respect custom primary keys for associations when calling `Relation#where`
-
-    Fixes #18813.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Fix several edge cases which could result in a counter cache updating
-    twice or not updating at all for `has_many` and `has_many :through`.
-
-    Fixes #10865.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Foreign keys added by migrations were given random, generated names. This
-    meant a different `structure.sql` would be generated every time a developer
-    ran migrations on their machine.
-
-    The generated part of foreign key names is now a hash of the table name and
-    column name, which is consistent every time you run the migration.
-
-    *Chris Sinjakli*
-
-*   Fix n+1 query problem when eager loading nil associations (fixes #18312)
-
-    *Sammy Larbi*
-
-*   Change the default error message from `can't be blank` to `must exist` for
-    the presence validator of the `:required` option on `belongs_to`/`has_one`
-    associations.
-
-    *Henrik Nygren*
-
-*   Fixed `ActiveRecord::Relation#group` method when an argument is an SQL
-    reserved keyword:
-
-    Example:
-
-        SplitTest.group(:key).count
-        Property.group(:value).count
-
-    *Bogdan Gusiev*
-
-*   Added the `#or` method on `ActiveRecord::Relation`, allowing use of the OR
-    operator to combine WHERE or HAVING clauses.
-
-    Example:
-
-        Post.where('id = 1').or(Post.where('id = 2'))
-        # => SELECT * FROM posts WHERE (id = 1) OR (id = 2)
-
-    *Sean Griffin*, *Matthew Draper*, *Gael Muller*, *Olivier El Mekki*
-
-*   Don't define autosave association callbacks twice from
-    `accepts_nested_attributes_for`.
-
-    Fixes #18704.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Integer types will no longer raise a `RangeError` when assigning an
-    attribute, but will instead raise when going to the database.
-
-    Fixes several vague issues which were never reported directly. See the
-    commit message from the commit which added this line for some examples.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Values which would error while being sent to the database (such as an
-    ASCII-8BIT string with invalid UTF-8 bytes on SQLite3), no longer error on
-    assignment. They will still error when sent to the database, but you are
-    given the ability to re-assign it to a valid value.
-
-    Fixes #18580.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Don't remove join dependencies in `Relation#exists?`
-
-    Fixes #18632.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Invalid values assigned to a JSON column are assumed to be `nil`.
-
-    Fixes #18629.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base#accessed_fields`, which can be used to quickly
-    discover which fields were read from a model when you are looking to only
-    select the data you need from the database.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Introduce the `:if_exists` option for `drop_table`.
-
-    Example:
-
-        drop_table(:posts, if_exists: true)
-
-    That would execute:
-
-        DROP TABLE IF EXISTS posts
-
-    If the table doesn't exist, `if_exists: false` (the default) raises an
-    exception whereas `if_exists: true` does nothing.
-
-    *Cody Cutrer*, *Stefan Kanev*, *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   Don't run SQL if attribute value is not changed for update_attribute method.
-
-    *Prathamesh Sonpatki*
-
-*   `time` columns can now get affected by `time_zone_aware_attributes`. If you have
-    set `config.time_zone` to a value other than `'UTC'`, they will be treated
-    as in that time zone by default in Rails 5.1. If this is not the desired
-    behavior, you can set
-
-        ActiveRecord::Base.time_zone_aware_types = [:datetime]
-
-    A deprecation warning will be emitted if you have a `:time` column, and have
-    not explicitly opted out.
-
-    Fixes #3145.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Tests now run after_commit callbacks. You no longer have to declare
-    `uses_transaction ‘test name’` to test the results of an after_commit.
-
-    after_commit callbacks run after committing a transaction whose parent
-    is not `joinable?`: un-nested transactions, transactions within test cases,
-    and transactions in `console --sandbox`.
-
-    *arthurnn*, *Ravil Bayramgalin*, *Matthew Draper*
-
-*   `nil` as a value for a binary column in a query no longer logs as
-    "<NULL binary data>", and instead logs as just "nil".
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   `attribute_will_change!` will no longer cause non-persistable attributes to
-    be sent to the database.
-
-    Fixes #18407.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Remove support for the `protected_attributes` gem.
-
-    *Carlos Antonio da Silva*, *Roberto Miranda*
-
-*   Fix accessing of fixtures having non-string labels like Fixnum.
-
-    *Prathamesh Sonpatki*
-
-*   Remove deprecated support to preload instance-dependent associations.
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   Remove deprecated support for PostgreSQL ranges with exclusive lower bounds.
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   Remove deprecation when modifying a relation with cached Arel.
-    This raises an `ImmutableRelation` error instead.
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   Added `ActiveRecord::SecureToken` in order to encapsulate generation of
-    unique tokens for attributes in a model using `SecureRandom`.
-
-    *Roberto Miranda*
-
-*   Change the behavior of boolean columns to be closer to Ruby's semantics.
-
-    Before this change we had a small set of "truthy", and all others are "falsy".
-
-    Now, we have a small set of "falsy" values and all others are "truthy" matching
-    Ruby's semantics.
-
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
-
-*   Deprecate `ActiveRecord::Base.errors_in_transactional_callbacks=`.
-
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
-
-*   Change transaction callbacks to not swallow errors.
-
-    Before this change any errors raised inside a transaction callback
-    were getting rescued and printed in the logs.
-
-    Now these errors are not rescued anymore and just bubble up, as the other callbacks.
-
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
-
-*   Remove deprecated `sanitize_sql_hash_for_conditions`.
-
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
-
-*   Remove deprecated `Reflection#source_macro`.
-
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
-
-*   Remove deprecated `symbolized_base_class` and `symbolized_sti_name`.
-
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
-
-*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Base.disable_implicit_join_references=`.
-
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
-
-*   Remove deprecated access to connection specification using a string accessor.
-
-    Now all strings will be handled as a URL.
-
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
-
-*   Change the default `null` value for `timestamps` to `false`.
-
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
-
-*   Return an array of pools from `connection_pools`.
-
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
-
-*   Return a null column from `column_for_attribute` when no column exists.
-
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
-
-*   Remove deprecated `serialized_attributes`.
-
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
-
-*   Remove deprecated automatic counter caches on `has_many :through`.
-
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
-
-*   Change the way in which callback chains can be halted.
-
-    The preferred method to halt a callback chain from now on is to explicitly
-    `throw(:abort)`.
-    In the past, returning `false` in an Active Record `before_` callback had the
-    side effect of halting the callback chain.
-    This is not recommended anymore and, depending on the value of the
-    `ActiveSupport.halt_callback_chains_on_return_false` option, will
-    either not work at all or display a deprecation warning.
-
-    *claudiob*
-
-*   Clear query cache on rollback.
-
-    *Florian Weingarten*
-
-*   Fix setting of foreign_key for through associations when building a new record.
-
-    Fixes #12698.
-
-    *Ivan Antropov*
-
-*   Improve dumping of the primary key. If it is not a default primary key,
-    correctly dump the type and options.
-
-    Fixes #14169, #16599.
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   Format the datetime string according to the precision of the datetime field.
-
-    Incompatible to rounding behavior between MySQL 5.6 and earlier.
-
-    In 5.5, when you insert `2014-08-17 12:30:00.999999` the fractional part
-    is ignored. In 5.6, it's rounded to `2014-08-17 12:30:01`:
-
-    http://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=68760
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   Allow a precision option for MySQL datetimes.
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   Fixed automatic `inverse_of` for models nested in a module.
-
-    *Andrew McCloud*
-
-*   Change `ActiveRecord::Relation#update` behavior so that it can
-    be called without passing ids of the records to be updated.
-
-    This change allows updating multiple records returned by
-    `ActiveRecord::Relation` with callbacks and validations.
-
-        # Before
-        # ArgumentError: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)
-        Comment.where(group: 'expert').update(body: "Group of Rails Experts")
-
-        # After
-        # Comments with group expert updated with body "Group of Rails Experts"
-        Comment.where(group: 'expert').update(body: "Group of Rails Experts")
-
-    *Prathamesh Sonpatki*
-
-*   Fix `reaping_frequency` option when the value is a string.
-
-    This usually happens when it is configured using `DATABASE_URL`.
-
-    *korbin*
-
-*   Fix error message when trying to create an associated record and the foreign
-    key is missing.
-
-    Before this fix the following exception was being raised:
-
-        NoMethodError: undefined method `val' for #<Arel::Nodes::BindParam:0x007fc64d19c218>
-
-    Now the message is:
-
-        ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError: unknown attribute 'foreign_key' for Model.
-
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
-
-*   Fix change detection problem for PostgreSQL bytea type and
-    `ArgumentError: string contains null byte` exception with pg-0.18.
-
-    Fixes #17680.
-
-    *Lars Kanis*
-
-*   When a table has a composite primary key, the `primary_key` method for
-    SQLite3 and PostgreSQL adapters was only returning the first field of the key.
-    Ensures that it will return nil instead, as Active Record doesn't support
-    composite primary keys.
-
-    Fixes #18070.
-
-    *arthurnn*
-
-*   `validates_size_of` / `validates_length_of` do not count records
-    which are `marked_for_destruction?`.
-
-    Fixes #7247.
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   Ensure `first!` and friends work on loaded associations.
-
-    Fixes #18237.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   `eager_load` preserves readonly flag for associations.
-
-    Fixes #15853.
-
-    *Takashi Kokubun*
-
-*   Provide `:touch` option to `save()` to accommodate saving without updating
-    timestamps.
-
-    Fixes #18202.
-
-    *Dan Olson*
-
-*   Provide a more helpful error message when an unsupported class is passed to
-    `serialize`.
-
-    Fixes #18224.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Add bigint primary key support for MySQL.
-
-    Example:
-
-        create_table :foos, id: :bigint do |t|
-        end
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   Support for any type of primary key.
-
-    Fixes #14194.
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   Dump the default `nil` for PostgreSQL UUID primary key.
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
-
-*   Add a `:foreign_key` option to `references` and associated migration
-    methods. The model and migration generators now use this option, rather than
-    the `add_foreign_key` form.
-
-    *Sean Griffin*
-
-*   Don't raise when writing an attribute with an out-of-range datetime passed
-    by the user.
-
-    *Grey Baker*
-
-*   Replace deprecated `ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks#load_schema` with
-    `ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks#load_schema_for`.
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   Fix bug with `ActiveRecord::Type::Numeric` that caused negative values to
-    be marked as having changed when set to the same negative value.
-
-    Fixes #18161.
-
-    *Daniel Fox*
-
-*   Introduce `force: :cascade` option for `create_table`. Using this option
-    will recreate tables even if they have dependent objects (like foreign keys).
-    `db/schema.rb` now uses `force: :cascade`. This makes it possible to
-    reload the schema when foreign keys are in place.
-
-    *Matthew Draper*, *Yves Senn*
-
-*   `db:schema:load` and `db:structure:load` no longer purge the database
-    before loading the schema. This is left for the user to do.
-    `db:test:prepare` will still purge the database.
-
-    Fixes #17945.
-
-    *Yves Senn*
-
-*   Fix undesirable RangeError by `Type::Integer`. Add `Type::UnsignedInteger`.
-
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Add support for multiple databases to `rails db:abort_if_pending_migrations`.
 
-*   Add `foreign_type` option to `has_one` and `has_many` association macros.
+    *Mark Lee*
 
-    This option enables to define the column name of associated object's type for polymorphic associations.
+*   Fix sqlite3 collation parsing when using decimal columns.
 
-    *Ulisses Almeida*, *Kassio Borges*
+    *Martin R. Schuster*
 
-*   Remove deprecated behavior allowing nested arrays to be passed as query
-    values.
+*   Fix invalid schema when primary key column has a comment.
 
-    *Melanie Gilman*
+    Fixes #29966.
 
-*   Deprecate passing a class as a value in a query. Users should pass strings
-    instead.
+    *Guilherme Goettems Schneider*
 
-    *Melanie Gilman*
+*   Fix table comment also being applied to the primary key column.
 
-*   `add_timestamps` and `remove_timestamps` now properly reversible with
-    options.
+    *Guilherme Goettems Schneider*
 
-    *Noam Gagliardi-Rabinovich*
+*   Allow generated `create_table` migrations to include or skip timestamps.
 
-*   `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ColumnDumper#column_spec` and
-    `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ColumnDumper#prepare_column_options` no
-    longer have a `types` argument. They should access
-    `connection#native_database_types` directly.
+    *Michael Duchemin*
 
-    *Yves Senn*
 
-Please check [4-2-stable](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-2-stable/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md) for previous changes.
+Please check [6-0-stable](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/6-0-stable/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md) for previous changes.