activerecord 5.0.7.2 → 6.1.1

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/schema_creation.rb

@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module ActiveRecord
   module ConnectionAdapters
     module SQLite3
-      class SchemaCreation < AbstractAdapter::SchemaCreation
+      class SchemaCreation < SchemaCreation # :nodoc:
         private
-
-          def column_options(o)
-            options = super
-            options[:null] = false if o.primary_key
-            options
+          def supports_index_using?
+            false
           end
 
           def add_column_options!(sql, options)

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/schema_definitions.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  module ConnectionAdapters
+    module SQLite3
+      class TableDefinition < ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::TableDefinition
+        def references(*args, **options)
+          super(*args, type: :integer, **options)
+        end
+        alias :belongs_to :references
+
+        private
+          def integer_like_primary_key_type(type, options)
+            :primary_key
+          end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/schema_dumper.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  module ConnectionAdapters
+    module SQLite3
+      class SchemaDumper < ConnectionAdapters::SchemaDumper # :nodoc:
+        private
+          def default_primary_key?(column)
+            schema_type(column) == :integer
+          end
+
+          def explicit_primary_key_default?(column)
+            column.bigint?
+          end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/schema_statements.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  module ConnectionAdapters
+    module SQLite3
+      module SchemaStatements # :nodoc:
+        # Returns an array of indexes for the given table.
+        def indexes(table_name)
+          exec_query("PRAGMA index_list(#{quote_table_name(table_name)})", "SCHEMA").map do |row|
+            # Indexes SQLite creates implicitly for internal use start with "sqlite_".
+            # See https://www.sqlite.org/fileformat2.html#intschema
+            next if row["name"].start_with?("sqlite_")
+
+            index_sql = query_value(<<~SQL, "SCHEMA")
+              SELECT sql
+              FROM sqlite_master
+              WHERE name = #{quote(row['name'])} AND type = 'index'
+              UNION ALL
+              SELECT sql
+              FROM sqlite_temp_master
+              WHERE name = #{quote(row['name'])} AND type = 'index'
+            SQL
+
+            /\bON\b\s*"?(\w+?)"?\s*\((?<expressions>.+?)\)(?:\s*WHERE\b\s*(?<where>.+))?\z/i =~ index_sql
+
+            columns = exec_query("PRAGMA index_info(#{quote(row['name'])})", "SCHEMA").map do |col|
+              col["name"]
+            end
+
+            orders = {}
+
+            if columns.any?(&:nil?) # index created with an expression
+              columns = expressions
+            else
+              # Add info on sort order for columns (only desc order is explicitly specified,
+              # asc is the default)
+              if index_sql # index_sql can be null in case of primary key indexes
+                index_sql.scan(/"(\w+)" DESC/).flatten.each { |order_column|
+                  orders[order_column] = :desc
+                }
+              end
+            end
+
+            IndexDefinition.new(
+              table_name,
+              row["name"],
+              row["unique"] != 0,
+              columns,
+              where: where,
+              orders: orders
+            )
+          end.compact
+        end
+
+        def add_foreign_key(from_table, to_table, **options)
+          alter_table(from_table) do |definition|
+            to_table = strip_table_name_prefix_and_suffix(to_table)
+            definition.foreign_key(to_table, **options)
+          end
+        end
+
+        def remove_foreign_key(from_table, to_table = nil, **options)
+          to_table ||= options[:to_table]
+          options = options.except(:name, :to_table, :validate)
+          foreign_keys = foreign_keys(from_table)
+
+          fkey = foreign_keys.detect do |fk|
+            table = to_table || begin
+              table = options[:column].to_s.delete_suffix("_id")
+              Base.pluralize_table_names ? table.pluralize : table
+            end
+            table = strip_table_name_prefix_and_suffix(table)
+            fk_to_table = strip_table_name_prefix_and_suffix(fk.to_table)
+            fk_to_table == table && options.all? { |k, v| fk.options[k].to_s == v.to_s }
+          end || raise(ArgumentError, "Table '#{from_table}' has no foreign key for #{to_table || options}")
+
+          foreign_keys.delete(fkey)
+          alter_table(from_table, foreign_keys)
+        end
+
+        def check_constraints(table_name)
+          table_sql = query_value(<<-SQL, "SCHEMA")
+            SELECT sql
+            FROM sqlite_master
+            WHERE name = #{quote_table_name(table_name)} AND type = 'table'
+            UNION ALL
+            SELECT sql
+            FROM sqlite_temp_master
+            WHERE name = #{quote_table_name(table_name)} AND type = 'table'
+          SQL
+
+          table_sql.to_s.scan(/CONSTRAINT\s+(?<name>\w+)\s+CHECK\s+\((?<expression>(:?[^()]|\(\g<expression>\))+)\)/i).map do |name, expression|
+            CheckConstraintDefinition.new(table_name, expression, name: name)
+          end
+        end
+
+        def add_check_constraint(table_name, expression, **options)
+          alter_table(table_name) do |definition|
+            definition.check_constraint(expression, **options)
+          end
+        end
+
+        def remove_check_constraint(table_name, expression = nil, **options)
+          check_constraints = check_constraints(table_name)
+          chk_name_to_delete = check_constraint_for!(table_name, expression: expression, **options).name
+          check_constraints.delete_if { |chk| chk.name == chk_name_to_delete }
+          alter_table(table_name, foreign_keys(table_name), check_constraints)
+        end
+
+        def create_schema_dumper(options)
+          SQLite3::SchemaDumper.create(self, options)
+        end
+
+        private
+          def schema_creation
+            SQLite3::SchemaCreation.new(self)
+          end
+
+          def create_table_definition(name, **options)
+            SQLite3::TableDefinition.new(self, name, **options)
+          end
+
+          def validate_index_length!(table_name, new_name, internal = false)
+            super unless internal
+          end
+
+          def new_column_from_field(table_name, field)
+            default = \
+              case field["dflt_value"]
+              when /^null$/i
+                nil
+              when /^'(.*)'$/m
+                $1.gsub("''", "'")
+              when /^"(.*)"$/m
+                $1.gsub('""', '"')
+              else
+                field["dflt_value"]
+              end
+
+            type_metadata = fetch_type_metadata(field["type"])
+            Column.new(field["name"], default, type_metadata, field["notnull"].to_i == 0, collation: field["collation"])
+          end
+
+          def data_source_sql(name = nil, type: nil)
+            scope = quoted_scope(name, type: type)
+            scope[:type] ||= "'table','view'"
+
+            sql = +"SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE name <> 'sqlite_sequence'"
+            sql << " AND name = #{scope[:name]}" if scope[:name]
+            sql << " AND type IN (#{scope[:type]})"
+            sql
+          end
+
+          def quoted_scope(name = nil, type: nil)
+            type = \
+              case type
+              when "BASE TABLE"
+                "'table'"
+              when "VIEW"
+                "'view'"
+              end
+            scope = {}
+            scope[:name] = quote(name) if name
+            scope[:type] = type if type
+            scope
+          end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3_adapter.rb

@@ -1,15 +1,23 @@
-require 'active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter'
-require 'active_record/connection_adapters/statement_pool'
-require 'active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/explain_pretty_printer'
-require 'active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/quoting'
-require 'active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/schema_creation'
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 
-gem 'sqlite3', '~> 1.3.6'
-require 'sqlite3'
+require "active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter"
+require "active_record/connection_adapters/statement_pool"
+require "active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/explain_pretty_printer"
+require "active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/quoting"
+require "active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/database_statements"
+require "active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/schema_creation"
+require "active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/schema_definitions"
+require "active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/schema_dumper"
+require "active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/schema_statements"
+
+gem "sqlite3", "~> 1.4"
+require "sqlite3"
 
 module ActiveRecord
   module ConnectionHandling # :nodoc:
     def sqlite3_connection(config)
+      config = config.symbolize_keys
+
       # Require database.
       unless config[:database]
         raise ArgumentError, "No database file specified. Missing argument: database"
@@ -18,7 +26,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       # Allow database path relative to Rails.root, but only if the database
       # path is not the special path that tells sqlite to build a database only
       # in memory.
-      if ':memory:' != config[:database]
+      if ":memory:" != config[:database] && !config[:database].to_s.start_with?("file:")
         config[:database] = File.expand_path(config[:database], Rails.root) if defined?(Rails.root)
         dirname = File.dirname(config[:database])
         Dir.mkdir(dirname) unless File.directory?(dirname)
@@ -26,11 +34,9 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
       db = SQLite3::Database.new(
         config[:database].to_s,
-        :results_as_hash => true
+        config.merge(results_as_hash: true)
       )
 
-      db.busy_timeout(ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.type_cast_config_to_integer(config[:timeout])) if config[:timeout]
-
       ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.new(db, logger, nil, config)
     rescue Errno::ENOENT => error
       if error.message.include?("No such file or directory")
@@ -42,19 +48,21 @@ module ActiveRecord
   end
 
   module ConnectionAdapters #:nodoc:
-    # The SQLite3 adapter works SQLite 3.6.16 or newer
-    # with the sqlite3-ruby drivers (available as gem from https://rubygems.org/gems/sqlite3).
+    # The SQLite3 adapter works with the sqlite3-ruby drivers
+    # (available as gem from https://rubygems.org/gems/sqlite3).
     #
     # Options:
     #
     # * <tt>:database</tt> - Path to the database file.
     class SQLite3Adapter < AbstractAdapter
-      ADAPTER_NAME = 'SQLite'.freeze
+      ADAPTER_NAME = "SQLite"
 
       include SQLite3::Quoting
+      include SQLite3::SchemaStatements
+      include SQLite3::DatabaseStatements
 
       NATIVE_DATABASE_TYPES = {
-        primary_key:  'INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL',
+        primary_key:  "integer PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL",
         string:       { name: "varchar" },
         text:         { name: "text" },
         integer:      { name: "integer" },
@@ -64,30 +72,30 @@ module ActiveRecord
         time:         { name: "time" },
         date:         { name: "date" },
         binary:       { name: "blob" },
-        boolean:      { name: "boolean" }
+        boolean:      { name: "boolean" },
+        json:         { name: "json" },
       }
 
-      class StatementPool < ConnectionAdapters::StatementPool
+      class StatementPool < ConnectionAdapters::StatementPool # :nodoc:
         private
-
-        def dealloc(stmt)
-          stmt[:stmt].close unless stmt[:stmt].closed?
-        end
-      end
-
-      def schema_creation # :nodoc:
-        SQLite3::SchemaCreation.new self
-      end
-
-      def arel_visitor # :nodoc:
-        Arel::Visitors::SQLite.new(self)
+          def dealloc(stmt)
+            stmt.close unless stmt.closed?
+          end
       end
 
       def initialize(connection, logger, connection_options, config)
         super(connection, logger, config)
+        configure_connection
+      end
 
-        @active     = nil
-        @statements = StatementPool.new(self.class.type_cast_config_to_integer(config[:statement_limit]))
+      def self.database_exists?(config)
+        config = config.symbolize_keys
+        if config[:database] == ":memory:"
+          true
+        else
+          database_file = defined?(Rails.root) ? File.expand_path(config[:database], Rails.root) : config[:database]
+          File.exist?(database_file)
+        end
       end
 
       def supports_ddl_transactions?
@@ -98,26 +106,27 @@ module ActiveRecord
         true
       end
 
-      def supports_partial_index?
-        sqlite_version >= '3.8.0'
+      def supports_transaction_isolation?
+        true
       end
 
-      # Returns true, since this connection adapter supports prepared statement
-      # caching.
-      def supports_statement_cache?
+      def supports_partial_index?
         true
       end
 
-      # Returns true, since this connection adapter supports migrations.
-      def supports_migrations? #:nodoc:
+      def supports_expression_index?
+        database_version >= "3.9.0"
+      end
+
+      def requires_reloading?
         true
       end
 
-      def supports_primary_key? #:nodoc:
+      def supports_foreign_keys?
         true
       end
 
-      def requires_reloading?
+      def supports_check_constraints?
         true
       end
 
@@ -129,42 +138,41 @@ module ActiveRecord
         true
       end
 
-      def supports_multi_insert?
-        sqlite_version >= '3.7.11'
+      def supports_json?
+        true
+      end
+
+      def supports_common_table_expressions?
+        database_version >= "3.8.3"
       end
 
+      def supports_insert_on_conflict?
+        database_version >= "3.24.0"
+      end
+      alias supports_insert_on_duplicate_skip? supports_insert_on_conflict?
+      alias supports_insert_on_duplicate_update? supports_insert_on_conflict?
+      alias supports_insert_conflict_target? supports_insert_on_conflict?
+
       def active?
-        @active != false
+        !@connection.closed?
+      end
+
+      def reconnect!
+        super
+        connect if @connection.closed?
       end
 
       # Disconnects from the database if already connected. Otherwise, this
       # method does nothing.
       def disconnect!
         super
-        @active = false
         @connection.close rescue nil
       end
 
-      # Clears the prepared statements cache.
-      def clear_cache!
-        @statements.clear
-      end
-
       def supports_index_sort_order?
         true
       end
 
-      def valid_type?(type)
-        true
-      end
-
-      # Returns 62. SQLite supports index names up to 64
-      # characters. The rest is used by rails internally to perform
-      # temporary rename operations
-      def allowed_index_name_length
-        index_name_length - 2
-      end
-
       def native_database_types #:nodoc:
         NATIVE_DATABASE_TYPES
       end
@@ -178,178 +186,38 @@ module ActiveRecord
         true
       end
 
-      #--
-      # DATABASE STATEMENTS ======================================
-      #++
-
-      def explain(arel, binds = [])
-        sql = "EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN #{to_sql(arel, binds)}"
-        SQLite3::ExplainPrettyPrinter.new.pp(exec_query(sql, 'EXPLAIN', []))
+      def supports_lazy_transactions?
+        true
       end
 
-      def exec_query(sql, name = nil, binds = [], prepare: false)
-        type_casted_binds = type_casted_binds(binds)
+      # REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY ====================================
 
-        log(sql, name, binds, type_casted_binds) do
-          # Don't cache statements if they are not prepared
-          unless prepare
-            stmt    = @connection.prepare(sql)
-            begin
-              cols    = stmt.columns
-              unless without_prepared_statement?(binds)
-                stmt.bind_params(type_casted_binds)
-              end
-              records = stmt.to_a
-            ensure
-              stmt.close
-            end
-          else
-            cache = @statements[sql] ||= {
-              :stmt => @connection.prepare(sql)
-            }
-            stmt = cache[:stmt]
-            cols = cache[:cols] ||= stmt.columns
-            stmt.reset!
-            stmt.bind_params(type_casted_binds)
-            records = stmt.to_a
-          end
+      def disable_referential_integrity # :nodoc:
+        old_foreign_keys = query_value("PRAGMA foreign_keys")
+        old_defer_foreign_keys = query_value("PRAGMA defer_foreign_keys")
 
-          ActiveRecord::Result.new(cols, records)
+        begin
+          execute("PRAGMA defer_foreign_keys = ON")
+          execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = OFF")
+          yield
+        ensure
+          execute("PRAGMA defer_foreign_keys = #{old_defer_foreign_keys}")
+          execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = #{old_foreign_keys}")
         end
       end
 
-      def exec_delete(sql, name = 'SQL', binds = [])
-        exec_query(sql, name, binds)
-        @connection.changes
-      end
-      alias :exec_update :exec_delete
-
-      def last_inserted_id(result)
-        @connection.last_insert_row_id
-      end
-
-      def execute(sql, name = nil) #:nodoc:
-        log(sql, name) { @connection.execute(sql) }
-      end
-
-      def begin_db_transaction #:nodoc:
-        log('begin transaction',nil) { @connection.transaction }
-      end
-
-      def commit_db_transaction #:nodoc:
-        log('commit transaction',nil) { @connection.commit }
-      end
-
-      def exec_rollback_db_transaction #:nodoc:
-        log('rollback transaction',nil) { @connection.rollback }
-      end
-
       # SCHEMA STATEMENTS ========================================
 
-      def tables(name = nil) # :nodoc:
-        ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(<<-MSG.squish)
-          #tables currently returns both tables and views.
-          This behavior is deprecated and will be changed with Rails 5.1 to only return tables.
-          Use #data_sources instead.
-        MSG
-
-        if name
-          ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(<<-MSG.squish)
-            Passing arguments to #tables is deprecated without replacement.
-          MSG
-        end
-
-        data_sources
-      end
-
-      def data_sources
-        select_values("SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type IN ('table','view') AND name <> 'sqlite_sequence'", 'SCHEMA')
-      end
-
-      def table_exists?(table_name)
-        ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(<<-MSG.squish)
-          #table_exists? currently checks both tables and views.
-          This behavior is deprecated and will be changed with Rails 5.1 to only check tables.
-          Use #data_source_exists? instead.
-        MSG
-
-        data_source_exists?(table_name)
-      end
-
-      def data_source_exists?(table_name)
-        return false unless table_name.present?
-
-        sql = "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type IN ('table','view') AND name <> 'sqlite_sequence'"
-        sql << " AND name = #{quote(table_name)}"
-
-        select_values(sql, 'SCHEMA').any?
-      end
-
-      def views # :nodoc:
-        select_values("SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = 'view' AND name <> 'sqlite_sequence'", 'SCHEMA')
-      end
-
-      def view_exists?(view_name) # :nodoc:
-        return false unless view_name.present?
-
-        sql = "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = 'view' AND name <> 'sqlite_sequence'"
-        sql << " AND name = #{quote(view_name)}"
-
-        select_values(sql, 'SCHEMA').any?
-      end
-
-      # Returns an array of +Column+ objects for the table specified by +table_name+.
-      def columns(table_name) # :nodoc:
-        table_name = table_name.to_s
-        table_structure(table_name).map do |field|
-          case field["dflt_value"]
-          when /^null$/i
-            field["dflt_value"] = nil
-          when /^'(.*)'$/m
-            field["dflt_value"] = $1.gsub("''", "'")
-          when /^"(.*)"$/m
-            field["dflt_value"] = $1.gsub('""', '"')
-          end
-
-          collation = field['collation']
-          sql_type = field['type']
-          type_metadata = fetch_type_metadata(sql_type)
-          new_column(field['name'], field['dflt_value'], type_metadata, field['notnull'].to_i == 0, table_name, nil, collation)
-        end
+      def primary_keys(table_name) # :nodoc:
+        pks = table_structure(table_name).select { |f| f["pk"] > 0 }
+        pks.sort_by { |f| f["pk"] }.map { |f| f["name"] }
       end
 
-      # Returns an array of indexes for the given table.
-      def indexes(table_name, name = nil) #:nodoc:
-        exec_query("PRAGMA index_list(#{quote_table_name(table_name)})", 'SCHEMA').map do |row|
-          sql = <<-SQL
-            SELECT sql
-            FROM sqlite_master
-            WHERE name=#{quote(row['name'])} AND type='index'
-            UNION ALL
-            SELECT sql
-            FROM sqlite_temp_master
-            WHERE name=#{quote(row['name'])} AND type='index'
-          SQL
-          index_sql = exec_query(sql).first['sql']
-          match = /\sWHERE\s+(.+)$/i.match(index_sql)
-          where = match[1] if match
-          IndexDefinition.new(
-            table_name,
-            row['name'],
-            row['unique'] != 0,
-            exec_query("PRAGMA index_info('#{row['name']}')", "SCHEMA").map { |col|
-              col['name']
-            }, nil, nil, where)
-        end
-      end
+      def remove_index(table_name, column_name = nil, **options) # :nodoc:
+        return if options[:if_exists] && !index_exists?(table_name, column_name, **options)
 
-      def primary_keys(table_name) # :nodoc:
-        pks = table_structure(table_name).select { |f| f['pk'] > 0 }
-        pks.sort_by { |f| f['pk'] }.map { |f| f['name'] }
-      end
+        index_name = index_name_for_remove(table_name, column_name, options)
 
-      def remove_index(table_name, options = {}) #:nodoc:
-        index_name = index_name_for_remove(table_name, options)
         exec_query "DROP INDEX #{quote_column_name(index_name)}"
       end
 
@@ -358,29 +226,28 @@ module ActiveRecord
       # Example:
       #   rename_table('octopuses', 'octopi')
       def rename_table(table_name, new_name)
+        schema_cache.clear_data_source_cache!(table_name.to_s)
+        schema_cache.clear_data_source_cache!(new_name.to_s)
         exec_query "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} RENAME TO #{quote_table_name(new_name)}"
         rename_table_indexes(table_name, new_name)
       end
 
-      # See: http://www.sqlite.org/lang_altertable.html
-      # SQLite has an additional restriction on the ALTER TABLE statement
-      def valid_alter_table_type?(type)
-        type.to_sym != :primary_key
-      end
-
-      def add_column(table_name, column_name, type, options = {}) #:nodoc:
-        if valid_alter_table_type?(type)
-          super(table_name, column_name, type, options)
-        else
+      def add_column(table_name, column_name, type, **options) #:nodoc:
+        if invalid_alter_table_type?(type, options)
           alter_table(table_name) do |definition|
-            definition.column(column_name, type, options)
+            definition.column(column_name, type, **options)
           end
+        else
+          super
         end
       end
 
-      def remove_column(table_name, column_name, type = nil, options = {}) #:nodoc:
+      def remove_column(table_name, column_name, type = nil, **options) #:nodoc:
         alter_table(table_name) do |definition|
           definition.remove_column column_name
+          definition.foreign_keys.delete_if do |_, fk_options|
+            fk_options[:column] == column_name.to_s
+          end
         end
       end
 
@@ -401,69 +268,154 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
       end
 
-      def change_column(table_name, column_name, type, options = {}) #:nodoc:
+      def change_column(table_name, column_name, type, **options) #:nodoc:
         alter_table(table_name) do |definition|
-          include_default = options_include_default?(options)
           definition[column_name].instance_eval do
-            self.type    = type
-            self.limit   = options[:limit] if options.include?(:limit)
-            self.default = options[:default] if include_default
-            self.null    = options[:null] if options.include?(:null)
-            self.precision = options[:precision] if options.include?(:precision)
-            self.scale   = options[:scale] if options.include?(:scale)
-            self.collation = options[:collation] if options.include?(:collation)
+            self.type = type
+            self.options.merge!(options)
           end
         end
       end
 
       def rename_column(table_name, column_name, new_column_name) #:nodoc:
         column = column_for(table_name, column_name)
-        alter_table(table_name, rename: {column.name => new_column_name.to_s})
+        alter_table(table_name, rename: { column.name => new_column_name.to_s })
         rename_column_indexes(table_name, column.name, new_column_name)
       end
 
-      protected
+      def add_reference(table_name, ref_name, **options) # :nodoc:
+        super(table_name, ref_name, type: :integer, **options)
+      end
+      alias :add_belongs_to :add_reference
+
+      def foreign_keys(table_name)
+        fk_info = exec_query("PRAGMA foreign_key_list(#{quote(table_name)})", "SCHEMA")
+        fk_info.map do |row|
+          options = {
+            column: row["from"],
+            primary_key: row["to"],
+            on_delete: extract_foreign_key_action(row["on_delete"]),
+            on_update: extract_foreign_key_action(row["on_update"])
+          }
+          ForeignKeyDefinition.new(table_name, row["table"], options)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def build_insert_sql(insert) # :nodoc:
+        sql = +"INSERT #{insert.into} #{insert.values_list}"
+
+        if insert.skip_duplicates?
+          sql << " ON CONFLICT #{insert.conflict_target} DO NOTHING"
+        elsif insert.update_duplicates?
+          sql << " ON CONFLICT #{insert.conflict_target} DO UPDATE SET "
+          sql << insert.touch_model_timestamps_unless { |column| "#{column} IS excluded.#{column}" }
+          sql << insert.updatable_columns.map { |column| "#{column}=excluded.#{column}" }.join(",")
+        end
+
+        sql
+      end
+
+      def shared_cache? # :nodoc:
+        @config.fetch(:flags, 0).anybits?(::SQLite3::Constants::Open::SHAREDCACHE)
+      end
+
+      def get_database_version # :nodoc:
+        SQLite3Adapter::Version.new(query_value("SELECT sqlite_version(*)"))
+      end
+
+      def check_version # :nodoc:
+        if database_version < "3.8.0"
+          raise "Your version of SQLite (#{database_version}) is too old. Active Record supports SQLite >= 3.8."
+        end
+      end
+
+      private
+        # See https://www.sqlite.org/limits.html,
+        # the default value is 999 when not configured.
+        def bind_params_length
+          999
+        end
+
+        def initialize_type_map(m = type_map)
+          super
+          register_class_with_limit m, %r(int)i, SQLite3Integer
+        end
 
         def table_structure(table_name)
-          structure = exec_query("PRAGMA table_info(#{quote_table_name(table_name)})", 'SCHEMA')
+          structure = exec_query("PRAGMA table_info(#{quote_table_name(table_name)})", "SCHEMA")
           raise(ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid, "Could not find table '#{table_name}'") if structure.empty?
           table_structure_with_collation(table_name, structure)
         end
+        alias column_definitions table_structure
+
+        # See: https://www.sqlite.org/lang_altertable.html
+        # SQLite has an additional restriction on the ALTER TABLE statement
+        def invalid_alter_table_type?(type, options)
+          type.to_sym == :primary_key || options[:primary_key] ||
+            options[:null] == false && options[:default].nil?
+        end
 
-        def alter_table(table_name, options = {}) #:nodoc:
+        def alter_table(
+          table_name,
+          foreign_keys = foreign_keys(table_name),
+          check_constraints = check_constraints(table_name),
+          **options
+        )
           altered_table_name = "a#{table_name}"
-          caller = lambda {|definition| yield definition if block_given?}
+
+          caller = lambda do |definition|
+            rename = options[:rename] || {}
+            foreign_keys.each do |fk|
+              if column = rename[fk.options[:column]]
+                fk.options[:column] = column
+              end
+              to_table = strip_table_name_prefix_and_suffix(fk.to_table)
+              definition.foreign_key(to_table, **fk.options)
+            end
+
+            check_constraints.each do |chk|
+              definition.check_constraint(chk.expression, **chk.options)
+            end
+
+            yield definition if block_given?
+          end
 
           transaction do
-            move_table(table_name, altered_table_name,
-              options.merge(:temporary => true))
-            move_table(altered_table_name, table_name, &caller)
+            disable_referential_integrity do
+              move_table(table_name, altered_table_name, options.merge(temporary: true))
+              move_table(altered_table_name, table_name, &caller)
+            end
           end
         end
 
-        def move_table(from, to, options = {}, &block) #:nodoc:
+        def move_table(from, to, options = {}, &block)
           copy_table(from, to, options, &block)
           drop_table(from)
         end
 
-        def copy_table(from, to, options = {}) #:nodoc:
+        def copy_table(from, to, options = {})
           from_primary_key = primary_key(from)
           options[:id] = false
-          create_table(to, options) do |definition|
+          create_table(to, **options) do |definition|
             @definition = definition
-            @definition.primary_key(from_primary_key) if from_primary_key.present?
+            if from_primary_key.is_a?(Array)
+              @definition.primary_keys from_primary_key
+            end
+
             columns(from).each do |column|
               column_name = options[:rename] ?
                 (options[:rename][column.name] ||
                  options[:rename][column.name.to_sym] ||
                  column.name) : column.name
-              next if column_name == from_primary_key
 
               @definition.column(column_name, column.type,
-                :limit => column.limit, :default => column.default,
-                :precision => column.precision, :scale => column.scale,
-                :null => column.null, collation: column.collation)
+                limit: column.limit, default: column.default,
+                precision: column.precision, scale: column.scale,
+                null: column.null, collation: column.collation,
+                primary_key: column_name == from_primary_key
+              )
             end
+
             yield @definition if block_given?
           end
           copy_table_indexes(from, to, options[:rename] || {})
@@ -472,7 +424,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
             options[:rename] || {})
         end
 
-        def copy_table_indexes(from, to, rename = {}) #:nodoc:
+        def copy_table_indexes(from, to, rename = {})
           indexes(from).each do |index|
             name = index.name
             if to == "a#{from}"
@@ -481,89 +433,129 @@ module ActiveRecord
               name = name[1..-1]
             end
 
-            to_column_names = columns(to).map(&:name)
-            columns = index.columns.map {|c| rename[c] || c }.select do |column|
-              to_column_names.include?(column)
+            columns = index.columns
+            if columns.is_a?(Array)
+              to_column_names = columns(to).map(&:name)
+              columns = columns.map { |c| rename[c] || c }.select do |column|
+                to_column_names.include?(column)
+              end
             end
 
             unless columns.empty?
               # index name can't be the same
-              opts = { name: name.gsub(/(^|_)(#{from})_/, "\\1#{to}_"), internal: true }
-              opts[:unique] = true if index.unique
-              add_index(to, columns, opts)
+              options = { name: name.gsub(/(^|_)(#{from})_/, "\\1#{to}_"), internal: true }
+              options[:unique] = true if index.unique
+              options[:where] = index.where if index.where
+              add_index(to, columns, **options)
             end
           end
         end
 
-        def copy_table_contents(from, to, columns, rename = {}) #:nodoc:
-          column_mappings = Hash[columns.map {|name| [name, name]}]
+        def copy_table_contents(from, to, columns, rename = {})
+          column_mappings = Hash[columns.map { |name| [name, name] }]
           rename.each { |a| column_mappings[a.last] = a.first }
           from_columns = columns(from).collect(&:name)
-          columns = columns.find_all{|col| from_columns.include?(column_mappings[col])}
+          columns = columns.find_all { |col| from_columns.include?(column_mappings[col]) }
           from_columns_to_copy = columns.map { |col| column_mappings[col] }
-          quoted_columns = columns.map { |col| quote_column_name(col) } * ','
-          quoted_from_columns = from_columns_to_copy.map { |col| quote_column_name(col) } * ','
+          quoted_columns = columns.map { |col| quote_column_name(col) } * ","
+          quoted_from_columns = from_columns_to_copy.map { |col| quote_column_name(col) } * ","
 
           exec_query("INSERT INTO #{quote_table_name(to)} (#{quoted_columns})
                      SELECT #{quoted_from_columns} FROM #{quote_table_name(from)}")
         end
 
-        def sqlite_version
-          @sqlite_version ||= SQLite3Adapter::Version.new(select_value('select sqlite_version(*)'))
-        end
-
-        def translate_exception(exception, message)
-          case exception.message
+        def translate_exception(exception, message:, sql:, binds:)
           # SQLite 3.8.2 returns a newly formatted error message:
           #   UNIQUE constraint failed: *table_name*.*column_name*
           # Older versions of SQLite return:
           #   column *column_name* is not unique
-          when /column(s)? .* (is|are) not unique/, /UNIQUE constraint failed: .*/
-            RecordNotUnique.new(message)
+          if exception.message.match?(/(column(s)? .* (is|are) not unique|UNIQUE constraint failed: .*)/i)
+            RecordNotUnique.new(message, sql: sql, binds: binds)
+          elsif exception.message.match?(/(.* may not be NULL|NOT NULL constraint failed: .*)/i)
+            NotNullViolation.new(message, sql: sql, binds: binds)
+          elsif exception.message.match?(/FOREIGN KEY constraint failed/i)
+            InvalidForeignKey.new(message, sql: sql, binds: binds)
+          elsif exception.message.match?(/called on a closed database/i)
+            ConnectionNotEstablished.new(exception)
           else
             super
           end
         end
 
-      private
         COLLATE_REGEX = /.*\"(\w+)\".*collate\s+\"(\w+)\".*/i.freeze
 
         def table_structure_with_collation(table_name, basic_structure)
           collation_hash = {}
-          sql            = "SELECT sql FROM
-                              (SELECT * FROM sqlite_master UNION ALL
-                               SELECT * FROM sqlite_temp_master)
-                            WHERE type='table' and name='#{ table_name }' \;"
+          sql = <<~SQL
+            SELECT sql FROM
+              (SELECT * FROM sqlite_master UNION ALL
+               SELECT * FROM sqlite_temp_master)
+            WHERE type = 'table' AND name = #{quote(table_name)}
+          SQL
 
           # Result will have following sample string
           # CREATE TABLE "users" ("id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL,
           #                       "password_digest" varchar COLLATE "NOCASE");
-          result = exec_query(sql, 'SCHEMA').first
+          result = query_value(sql, "SCHEMA")
 
           if result
-            # Splitting with left parentheses and picking up last will return all
+            # Splitting with left parentheses and discarding the first part will return all
             # columns separated with comma(,).
-            columns_string = result["sql"].split('(').last
+            columns_string = result.split("(", 2).last
 
-            columns_string.split(',').each do |column_string|
+            columns_string.split(",").each do |column_string|
               # This regex will match the column name and collation type and will save
               # the value in $1 and $2 respectively.
-              collation_hash[$1] = $2 if (COLLATE_REGEX =~ column_string)
+              collation_hash[$1] = $2 if COLLATE_REGEX =~ column_string
             end
 
-            basic_structure.map! do |column|
-              column_name = column['name']
+            basic_structure.map do |column|
+              column_name = column["name"]
 
               if collation_hash.has_key? column_name
-                column['collation'] = collation_hash[column_name]
+                column["collation"] = collation_hash[column_name]
               end
 
               column
             end
           else
-            basic_structure.to_hash
+            basic_structure.to_a
           end
         end
+
+        def arel_visitor
+          Arel::Visitors::SQLite.new(self)
+        end
+
+        def build_statement_pool
+          StatementPool.new(self.class.type_cast_config_to_integer(@config[:statement_limit]))
+        end
+
+        def connect
+          @connection = ::SQLite3::Database.new(
+            @config[:database].to_s,
+            @config.merge(results_as_hash: true)
+          )
+          configure_connection
+        end
+
+        def configure_connection
+          @connection.busy_timeout(self.class.type_cast_config_to_integer(@config[:timeout])) if @config[:timeout]
+
+          execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON", "SCHEMA")
+        end
+
+        class SQLite3Integer < Type::Integer # :nodoc:
+          private
+            def _limit
+              # INTEGER storage class can be stored 8 bytes value.
+              # See https://www.sqlite.org/datatype3.html#storage_classes_and_datatypes
+              limit || 8
+            end
+        end
+
+        ActiveRecord::Type.register(:integer, SQLite3Integer, adapter: :sqlite3)
     end
+    ActiveSupport.run_load_hooks(:active_record_sqlite3adapter, SQLite3Adapter)
   end
 end