activerecord 5.0.7.2 → 6.1.1

data/lib/active_record/locking/pessimistic.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module ActiveRecord
   module Locking
     # Locking::Pessimistic provides support for row-level locking using
@@ -12,9 +14,9 @@ module ActiveRecord
     # of your own such as 'LOCK IN SHARE MODE' or 'FOR UPDATE NOWAIT'. Example:
     #
     #   Account.transaction do
-    #     # select * from accounts where name = 'shugo' limit 1 for update
-    #     shugo = Account.where("name = 'shugo'").lock(true).first
-    #     yuko = Account.where("name = 'yuko'").lock(true).first
+    #     # select * from accounts where name = 'shugo' limit 1 for update nowait
+    #     shugo = Account.lock("FOR UPDATE NOWAIT").find_by(name: "shugo")
+    #     yuko = Account.lock("FOR UPDATE NOWAIT").find_by(name: "yuko")
     #     shugo.balance -= 100
     #     shugo.save!
     #     yuko.balance += 100
@@ -51,15 +53,29 @@ module ActiveRecord
     #   end
     #
     # Database-specific information on row locking:
-    #   MySQL: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/innodb-locking-reads.html
-    #   PostgreSQL: http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/interactive/sql-select.html#SQL-FOR-UPDATE-SHARE
+    #
+    # [MySQL]
+    #   https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/innodb-locking-reads.html
+    #
+    # [PostgreSQL]
+    #   https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/interactive/sql-select.html#SQL-FOR-UPDATE-SHARE
     module Pessimistic
       # Obtain a row lock on this record. Reloads the record to obtain the requested
       # lock. Pass an SQL locking clause to append the end of the SELECT statement
       # or pass true for "FOR UPDATE" (the default, an exclusive row lock). Returns
       # the locked record.
       def lock!(lock = true)
-        reload(:lock => lock) if persisted?
+        if persisted?
+          if has_changes_to_save?
+            raise(<<-MSG.squish)
+              Locking a record with unpersisted changes is not supported. Use
+              `save` to persist the changes, or `reload` to discard them
+              explicitly.
+            MSG
+          end
+
+          reload(lock: lock)
+        end
         self
       end
 

data/lib/active_record/log_subscriber.rb

@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module ActiveRecord
   class LogSubscriber < ActiveSupport::LogSubscriber
     IGNORE_PAYLOAD_NAMES = ["SCHEMA", "EXPLAIN"]
 
+    class_attribute :backtrace_cleaner, default: ActiveSupport::BacktraceCleaner.new
+
     def self.runtime=(value)
       ActiveRecord::RuntimeRegistry.sql_runtime = value
     end
@@ -15,9 +19,13 @@ module ActiveRecord
       rt
     end
 
-    def initialize
-      super
-      @odd = false
+    def strict_loading_violation(event)
+      debug do
+        owner = event.payload[:owner]
+        association = event.payload[:association]
+
+        color("Strict loading violation: #{association} lazily loaded on #{owner}.", RED)
+      end
     end
 
     def sql(event)
@@ -29,48 +37,57 @@ module ActiveRecord
       return if IGNORE_PAYLOAD_NAMES.include?(payload[:name])
 
       name  = "#{payload[:name]} (#{event.duration.round(1)}ms)"
+      name  = "CACHE #{name}" if payload[:cached]
       sql   = payload[:sql]
       binds = nil
 
-      unless (payload[:binds] || []).empty?
+      if payload[:binds]&.any?
         casted_params = type_casted_binds(payload[:type_casted_binds])
-        binds = "  " + payload[:binds].zip(casted_params).map { |attr, value|
-          render_bind(attr, value)
-        }.inspect
+
+        binds = []
+        payload[:binds].each_with_index do |attr, i|
+          binds << render_bind(attr, casted_params[i])
+        end
+        binds = binds.inspect
+        binds.prepend("  ")
       end
 
       name = colorize_payload_name(name, payload[:name])
-      sql  = color(sql, sql_color(sql), true)
+      sql  = color(sql, sql_color(sql), true) if colorize_logging
 
       debug "  #{name}  #{sql}#{binds}"
     end
 
     private
+      def type_casted_binds(casted_binds)
+        casted_binds.respond_to?(:call) ? casted_binds.call : casted_binds
+      end
 
-    def type_casted_binds(casted_binds)
-      casted_binds.respond_to?(:call) ? casted_binds.call : casted_binds
-    end
+      def render_bind(attr, value)
+        case attr
+        when ActiveModel::Attribute
+          if attr.type.binary? && attr.value
+            value = "<#{attr.value_for_database.to_s.bytesize} bytes of binary data>"
+          end
+        when Array
+          attr = attr.first
+        else
+          attr = nil
+        end
 
-    def render_bind(attr, value)
-      if attr.is_a?(Array)
-        attr = attr.first
-      elsif attr.type.binary? && attr.value
-        value = "<#{attr.value_for_database.to_s.bytesize} bytes of binary data>"
+        [attr&.name, value]
       end
 
-      [attr && attr.name, value]
-    end
-
-    def colorize_payload_name(name, payload_name)
-      if payload_name.blank? || payload_name == "SQL" # SQL vs Model Load/Exists
-        color(name, MAGENTA, true)
-      else
-        color(name, CYAN, true)
+      def colorize_payload_name(name, payload_name)
+        if payload_name.blank? || payload_name == "SQL" # SQL vs Model Load/Exists
+          color(name, MAGENTA, true)
+        else
+          color(name, CYAN, true)
+        end
       end
-    end
 
-    def sql_color(sql)
-      case sql
+      def sql_color(sql)
+        case sql
         when /\A\s*rollback/mi
           RED
         when /select .*for update/mi, /\A\s*lock/mi
@@ -87,12 +104,32 @@ module ActiveRecord
           CYAN
         else
           MAGENTA
+        end
       end
-    end
 
-    def logger
-      ActiveRecord::Base.logger
-    end
+      def logger
+        ActiveRecord::Base.logger
+      end
+
+      def debug(progname = nil, &block)
+        return unless super
+
+        if ActiveRecord::Base.verbose_query_logs
+          log_query_source
+        end
+      end
+
+      def log_query_source
+        source = extract_query_source_location(caller)
+
+        if source
+          logger.debug("  ↳ #{source}")
+        end
+      end
+
+      def extract_query_source_location(locations)
+        backtrace_cleaner.clean(locations.lazy).first
+      end
   end
 end
 

data/lib/active_record/middleware/database_selector.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "active_record/middleware/database_selector/resolver"
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  module Middleware
+    # The DatabaseSelector Middleware provides a framework for automatically
+    # swapping from the primary to the replica database connection. Rails
+    # provides a basic framework to determine when to swap and allows for
+    # applications to write custom strategy classes to override the default
+    # behavior.
+    #
+    # The resolver class defines when the application should switch (i.e. read
+    # from the primary if a write occurred less than 2 seconds ago) and a
+    # resolver context class that sets a value that helps the resolver class
+    # decide when to switch.
+    #
+    # Rails default middleware uses the request's session to set a timestamp
+    # that informs the application when to read from a primary or read from a
+    # replica.
+    #
+    # To use the DatabaseSelector in your application with default settings add
+    # the following options to your environment config:
+    #
+    #   config.active_record.database_selector = { delay: 2.seconds }
+    #   config.active_record.database_resolver = ActiveRecord::Middleware::DatabaseSelector::Resolver
+    #   config.active_record.database_resolver_context = ActiveRecord::Middleware::DatabaseSelector::Resolver::Session
+    #
+    # New applications will include these lines commented out in the production.rb.
+    #
+    # The default behavior can be changed by setting the config options to a
+    # custom class:
+    #
+    #   config.active_record.database_selector = { delay: 2.seconds }
+    #   config.active_record.database_resolver = MyResolver
+    #   config.active_record.database_resolver_context = MyResolver::MySession
+    class DatabaseSelector
+      def initialize(app, resolver_klass = nil, context_klass = nil, options = {})
+        @app = app
+        @resolver_klass = resolver_klass || Resolver
+        @context_klass = context_klass || Resolver::Session
+        @options = options
+      end
+
+      attr_reader :resolver_klass, :context_klass, :options
+
+      # Middleware that determines which database connection to use in a multiple
+      # database application.
+      def call(env)
+        request = ActionDispatch::Request.new(env)
+
+        select_database(request) do
+          @app.call(env)
+        end
+      end
+
+      private
+        def select_database(request, &blk)
+          context = context_klass.call(request)
+          resolver = resolver_klass.call(context, options)
+
+          response = if reading_request?(request)
+            resolver.read(&blk)
+          else
+            resolver.write(&blk)
+          end
+
+          resolver.update_context(response)
+          response
+        end
+
+        def reading_request?(request)
+          request.get? || request.head?
+        end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_record/middleware/database_selector/resolver.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "active_record/middleware/database_selector/resolver/session"
+require "active_support/core_ext/numeric/time"
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  module Middleware
+    class DatabaseSelector
+      # The Resolver class is used by the DatabaseSelector middleware to
+      # determine which database the request should use.
+      #
+      # To change the behavior of the Resolver class in your application,
+      # create a custom resolver class that inherits from
+      # DatabaseSelector::Resolver and implements the methods that need to
+      # be changed.
+      #
+      # By default the Resolver class will send read traffic to the replica
+      # if it's been 2 seconds since the last write.
+      class Resolver # :nodoc:
+        SEND_TO_REPLICA_DELAY = 2.seconds
+
+        def self.call(context, options = {})
+          new(context, options)
+        end
+
+        def initialize(context, options = {})
+          @context = context
+          @options = options
+          @delay = @options && @options[:delay] ? @options[:delay] : SEND_TO_REPLICA_DELAY
+          @instrumenter = ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrumenter
+        end
+
+        attr_reader :context, :delay, :instrumenter
+
+        def read(&blk)
+          if read_from_primary?
+            read_from_primary(&blk)
+          else
+            read_from_replica(&blk)
+          end
+        end
+
+        def write(&blk)
+          write_to_primary(&blk)
+        end
+
+        def update_context(response)
+          context.save(response)
+        end
+
+        private
+          def read_from_primary(&blk)
+            ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: ActiveRecord::Base.writing_role, prevent_writes: true) do
+              instrumenter.instrument("database_selector.active_record.read_from_primary") do
+                yield
+              end
+            end
+          end
+
+          def read_from_replica(&blk)
+            ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: ActiveRecord::Base.reading_role, prevent_writes: true) do
+              instrumenter.instrument("database_selector.active_record.read_from_replica") do
+                yield
+              end
+            end
+          end
+
+          def write_to_primary(&blk)
+            ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: ActiveRecord::Base.writing_role, prevent_writes: false) do
+              instrumenter.instrument("database_selector.active_record.wrote_to_primary") do
+                yield
+              ensure
+                context.update_last_write_timestamp
+              end
+            end
+          end
+
+          def read_from_primary?
+            !time_since_last_write_ok?
+          end
+
+          def send_to_replica_delay
+            delay
+          end
+
+          def time_since_last_write_ok?
+            Time.now - context.last_write_timestamp >= send_to_replica_delay
+          end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_record/middleware/database_selector/resolver/session.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  module Middleware
+    class DatabaseSelector
+      class Resolver
+        # The session class is used by the DatabaseSelector::Resolver to save
+        # timestamps of the last write in the session.
+        #
+        # The last_write is used to determine whether it's safe to read
+        # from the replica or the request needs to be sent to the primary.
+        class Session # :nodoc:
+          def self.call(request)
+            new(request.session)
+          end
+
+          # Converts time to a timestamp that represents milliseconds since
+          # epoch.
+          def self.convert_time_to_timestamp(time)
+            time.to_i * 1000 + time.usec / 1000
+          end
+
+          # Converts milliseconds since epoch timestamp into a time object.
+          def self.convert_timestamp_to_time(timestamp)
+            timestamp ? Time.at(timestamp / 1000, (timestamp % 1000) * 1000) : Time.at(0)
+          end
+
+          def initialize(session)
+            @session = session
+          end
+
+          attr_reader :session
+
+          def last_write_timestamp
+            self.class.convert_timestamp_to_time(session[:last_write])
+          end
+
+          def update_last_write_timestamp
+            session[:last_write] = self.class.convert_time_to_timestamp(Time.now)
+          end
+
+          def save(response)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_record/migration.rb

@@ -1,9 +1,15 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "benchmark"
 require "set"
 require "zlib"
+require "active_support/core_ext/array/access"
+require "active_support/core_ext/enumerable"
 require "active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors"
+require "active_support/actionable_error"
 
 module ActiveRecord
-  class MigrationError < ActiveRecordError#:nodoc:
+  class MigrationError < ActiveRecordError #:nodoc:
     def initialize(message = nil)
       message = "\n\n#{message}\n\n" if message
       super
@@ -14,13 +20,13 @@ module ActiveRecord
   # For example the following migration is not reversible.
   # Rolling back this migration will raise an ActiveRecord::IrreversibleMigration error.
   #
-  #   class IrreversibleMigrationExample < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
+  #   class IrreversibleMigrationExample < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.0]
   #     def change
   #       create_table :distributors do |t|
   #         t.string :zipcode
   #       end
   #
-  #       execute <<-SQL
+  #       execute <<~SQL
   #         ALTER TABLE distributors
   #           ADD CONSTRAINT zipchk
   #             CHECK (char_length(zipcode) = 5) NO INHERIT;
@@ -32,13 +38,13 @@ module ActiveRecord
   #
   # 1. Define <tt>#up</tt> and <tt>#down</tt> methods instead of <tt>#change</tt>:
   #
-  #  class ReversibleMigrationExample < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
+  #  class ReversibleMigrationExample < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.0]
   #    def up
   #      create_table :distributors do |t|
   #        t.string :zipcode
   #      end
   #
-  #      execute <<-SQL
+  #      execute <<~SQL
   #        ALTER TABLE distributors
   #          ADD CONSTRAINT zipchk
   #            CHECK (char_length(zipcode) = 5) NO INHERIT;
@@ -46,7 +52,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
   #    end
   #
   #    def down
-  #      execute <<-SQL
+  #      execute <<~SQL
   #        ALTER TABLE distributors
   #          DROP CONSTRAINT zipchk
   #      SQL
@@ -57,7 +63,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
   #
   # 2. Use the #reversible method in <tt>#change</tt> method:
   #
-  #   class ReversibleMigrationExample < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
+  #   class ReversibleMigrationExample < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.0]
   #     def change
   #       create_table :distributors do |t|
   #         t.string :zipcode
@@ -65,7 +71,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
   #
   #       reversible do |dir|
   #         dir.up do
-  #           execute <<-SQL
+  #           execute <<~SQL
   #             ALTER TABLE distributors
   #               ADD CONSTRAINT zipchk
   #                 CHECK (char_length(zipcode) = 5) NO INHERIT;
@@ -73,7 +79,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
   #         end
   #
   #         dir.down do
-  #           execute <<-SQL
+  #           execute <<~SQL
   #             ALTER TABLE distributors
   #               DROP CONSTRAINT zipchk
   #           SQL
@@ -84,7 +90,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
   class IrreversibleMigration < MigrationError
   end
 
-  class DuplicateMigrationVersionError < MigrationError#:nodoc:
+  class DuplicateMigrationVersionError < MigrationError #:nodoc:
     def initialize(version = nil)
       if version
         super("Multiple migrations have the version number #{version}.")
@@ -94,7 +100,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
     end
   end
 
-  class DuplicateMigrationNameError < MigrationError#:nodoc:
+  class DuplicateMigrationNameError < MigrationError #:nodoc:
     def initialize(name = nil)
       if name
         super("Multiple migrations have the name #{name}.")
@@ -114,7 +120,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
     end
   end
 
-  class IllegalMigrationNameError < MigrationError#:nodoc:
+  class IllegalMigrationNameError < MigrationError #:nodoc:
     def initialize(name = nil)
       if name
         super("Illegal name for migration file: #{name}\n\t(only lower case letters, numbers, and '_' allowed).")
@@ -124,20 +130,44 @@ module ActiveRecord
     end
   end
 
-  class PendingMigrationError < MigrationError#:nodoc:
-    def initialize(message = nil)
-      if !message && defined?(Rails.env)
-        super("Migrations are pending. To resolve this issue, run:\n\n        bin/rails db:migrate RAILS_ENV=#{::Rails.env}")
-      elsif !message
-        super("Migrations are pending. To resolve this issue, run:\n\n        bin/rails db:migrate")
-      else
-        super
+  class PendingMigrationError < MigrationError #:nodoc:
+    include ActiveSupport::ActionableError
+
+    action "Run pending migrations" do
+      ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.migrate
+
+      if ActiveRecord::Base.dump_schema_after_migration
+        ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.dump_schema(
+          ActiveRecord::Base.connection_db_config
+        )
       end
     end
+
+    def initialize(message = nil)
+      super(message || detailed_migration_message)
+    end
+
+    private
+      def detailed_migration_message
+        message = "Migrations are pending. To resolve this issue, run:\n\n        bin/rails db:migrate"
+        message += " RAILS_ENV=#{::Rails.env}" if defined?(Rails.env)
+        message += "\n\n"
+
+        pending_migrations = ActiveRecord::Base.connection.migration_context.open.pending_migrations
+
+        message += "You have #{pending_migrations.size} pending #{pending_migrations.size > 1 ? 'migrations:' : 'migration:'}\n\n"
+
+        pending_migrations.each do |pending_migration|
+          message += "#{pending_migration.basename}\n"
+        end
+
+        message
+      end
   end
 
   class ConcurrentMigrationError < MigrationError #:nodoc:
-    DEFAULT_MESSAGE = "Cannot run migrations because another migration process is currently running.".freeze
+    DEFAULT_MESSAGE = "Cannot run migrations because another migration process is currently running."
+    RELEASE_LOCK_FAILED_MESSAGE = "Failed to release advisory lock"
 
     def initialize(message = DEFAULT_MESSAGE)
       super
@@ -157,7 +187,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
   class ProtectedEnvironmentError < ActiveRecordError #:nodoc:
     def initialize(env = "production")
-      msg = "You are attempting to run a destructive action against your '#{env}' database.\n"
+      msg = +"You are attempting to run a destructive action against your '#{env}' database.\n"
       msg << "If you are sure you want to continue, run the same command with the environment variable:\n"
       msg << "DISABLE_DATABASE_ENVIRONMENT_CHECK=1"
       super(msg)
@@ -166,7 +196,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
   class EnvironmentMismatchError < ActiveRecordError
     def initialize(current: nil, stored: nil)
-      msg =  "You are attempting to modify a database that was last run in `#{ stored }` environment.\n"
+      msg = +"You are attempting to modify a database that was last run in `#{ stored }` environment.\n"
       msg << "You are running in `#{ current }` environment. "
       msg << "If you are sure you want to continue, first set the environment using:\n\n"
       msg << "        bin/rails db:environment:set"
@@ -178,6 +208,14 @@ module ActiveRecord
     end
   end
 
+  class EnvironmentStorageError < ActiveRecordError # :nodoc:
+    def initialize
+      msg = +"You are attempting to store the environment in a database where metadata is disabled.\n"
+      msg << "Check your database configuration to see if this is intended."
+      super(msg)
+    end
+  end
+
   # = Active Record Migrations
   #
   # Migrations can manage the evolution of a schema used by several physical
@@ -190,7 +228,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
   #
   # Example of a simple migration:
   #
-  #   class AddSsl < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
+  #   class AddSsl < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.0]
   #     def up
   #       add_column :accounts, :ssl_enabled, :boolean, default: true
   #     end
@@ -210,7 +248,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
   #
   # Example of a more complex migration that also needs to initialize data:
   #
-  #   class AddSystemSettings < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
+  #   class AddSystemSettings < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.0]
   #     def up
   #       create_table :system_settings do |t|
   #         t.string  :name
@@ -277,8 +315,10 @@ module ActiveRecord
   #
   # * <tt>change_column(table_name, column_name, type, options)</tt>:  Changes
   #   the column to a different type using the same parameters as add_column.
-  # * <tt>change_column_default(table_name, column_name, default)</tt>: Sets a
-  #   default value for +column_name+ defined by +default+ on +table_name+.
+  # * <tt>change_column_default(table_name, column_name, default_or_changes)</tt>:
+  #   Sets a default value for +column_name+ defined by +default_or_changes+ on
+  #   +table_name+. Passing a hash containing <tt>:from</tt> and <tt>:to</tt>
+  #   as +default_or_changes+ will make this change reversible in the migration.
   # * <tt>change_column_null(table_name, column_name, null, default = nil)</tt>:
   #   Sets or removes a +NOT NULL+ constraint on +column_name+. The +null+ flag
   #   indicates whether the value can be +NULL+. See
@@ -302,7 +342,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
   #   named +column_name+ from the table called +table_name+.
   # * <tt>remove_columns(table_name, *column_names)</tt>: Removes the given
   #   columns from the table definition.
-  # * <tt>remove_foreign_key(from_table, options_or_to_table)</tt>: Removes the
+  # * <tt>remove_foreign_key(from_table, to_table = nil, **options)</tt>: Removes the
   #   given foreign key from the table called +table_name+.
   # * <tt>remove_index(table_name, column: column_names)</tt>: Removes the index
   #   specified by +column_names+.
@@ -324,7 +364,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
   # The Rails package has several tools to help create and apply migrations.
   #
   # To generate a new migration, you can use
-  #   rails generate migration MyNewMigration
+  #   bin/rails generate migration MyNewMigration
   #
   # where MyNewMigration is the name of your migration. The generator will
   # create an empty migration file <tt>timestamp_my_new_migration.rb</tt>
@@ -333,41 +373,36 @@ module ActiveRecord
   #
   # There is a special syntactic shortcut to generate migrations that add fields to a table.
   #
-  #   rails generate migration add_fieldname_to_tablename fieldname:string
+  #   bin/rails generate migration add_fieldname_to_tablename fieldname:string
   #
   # This will generate the file <tt>timestamp_add_fieldname_to_tablename.rb</tt>, which will look like this:
-  #   class AddFieldnameToTablename < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
+  #   class AddFieldnameToTablename < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.0]
   #     def change
   #       add_column :tablenames, :fieldname, :string
   #     end
   #   end
   #
   # To run migrations against the currently configured database, use
-  # <tt>rails db:migrate</tt>. This will update the database by running all of the
+  # <tt>bin/rails db:migrate</tt>. This will update the database by running all of the
   # pending migrations, creating the <tt>schema_migrations</tt> table
   # (see "About the schema_migrations table" section below) if missing. It will also
-  # invoke the db:schema:dump task, which will update your db/schema.rb file
+  # invoke the db:schema:dump command, which will update your db/schema.rb file
   # to match the structure of your database.
   #
   # To roll the database back to a previous migration version, use
-  # <tt>rails db:migrate VERSION=X</tt> where <tt>X</tt> is the version to which
+  # <tt>bin/rails db:rollback VERSION=X</tt> where <tt>X</tt> is the version to which
   # you wish to downgrade. Alternatively, you can also use the STEP option if you
-  # wish to rollback last few migrations. <tt>rails db:migrate STEP=2</tt> will rollback
+  # wish to rollback last few migrations. <tt>bin/rails db:rollback STEP=2</tt> will rollback
   # the latest two migrations.
   #
   # If any of the migrations throw an <tt>ActiveRecord::IrreversibleMigration</tt> exception,
   # that step will fail and you'll have some manual work to do.
   #
-  # == Database support
-  #
-  # Migrations are currently supported in MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite,
-  # SQL Server, and Oracle (all supported databases except DB2).
-  #
   # == More examples
   #
   # Not all migrations change the schema. Some just fix the data:
   #
-  #   class RemoveEmptyTags < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
+  #   class RemoveEmptyTags < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.0]
   #     def up
   #       Tag.all.each { |tag| tag.destroy if tag.pages.empty? }
   #     end
@@ -380,7 +415,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
   #
   # Others remove columns when they migrate up instead of down:
   #
-  #   class RemoveUnnecessaryItemAttributes < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
+  #   class RemoveUnnecessaryItemAttributes < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.0]
   #     def up
   #       remove_column :items, :incomplete_items_count
   #       remove_column :items, :completed_items_count
@@ -394,7 +429,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
   #
   # And sometimes you need to do something in SQL not abstracted directly by migrations:
   #
-  #   class MakeJoinUnique < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
+  #   class MakeJoinUnique < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.0]
   #     def up
   #       execute "ALTER TABLE `pages_linked_pages` ADD UNIQUE `page_id_linked_page_id` (`page_id`,`linked_page_id`)"
   #     end
@@ -411,7 +446,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
   # <tt>Base#reset_column_information</tt> in order to ensure that the model has the
   # latest column data from after the new column was added. Example:
   #
-  #   class AddPeopleSalary < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
+  #   class AddPeopleSalary < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.0]
   #     def up
   #       add_column :people, :salary, :integer
   #       Person.reset_column_information
@@ -469,7 +504,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
   # To define a reversible migration, define the +change+ method in your
   # migration like this:
   #
-  #   class TenderloveMigration < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
+  #   class TenderloveMigration < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.0]
   #     def change
   #       create_table(:horses) do |t|
   #         t.column :content, :text
@@ -481,9 +516,9 @@ module ActiveRecord
   # This migration will create the horses table for you on the way up, and
   # automatically figure out how to drop the table on the way down.
   #
-  # Some commands like +remove_column+ cannot be reversed.  If you care to
-  # define how to move up and down in these cases, you should define the +up+
-  # and +down+ methods as before.
+  # Some commands cannot be reversed. If you care to define how to move up
+  # and down in these cases, you should define the +up+ and +down+ methods
+  # as before.
   #
   # If a command cannot be reversed, an
   # <tt>ActiveRecord::IrreversibleMigration</tt> exception will be raised when
@@ -499,7 +534,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
   # can't execute inside a transaction though, and for these situations
   # you can turn the automatic transactions off.
   #
-  #   class ChangeEnum < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
+  #   class ChangeEnum < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.0]
   #     disable_ddl_transaction!
   #
   #     def up
@@ -510,17 +545,21 @@ module ActiveRecord
   # Remember that you can still open your own transactions, even if you
   # are in a Migration with <tt>self.disable_ddl_transaction!</tt>.
   class Migration
-    autoload :CommandRecorder, 'active_record/migration/command_recorder'
-    autoload :Compatibility, 'active_record/migration/compatibility'
+    autoload :CommandRecorder, "active_record/migration/command_recorder"
+    autoload :Compatibility, "active_record/migration/compatibility"
+    autoload :JoinTable, "active_record/migration/join_table"
 
     # This must be defined before the inherited hook, below
-    class Current < Migration # :nodoc:
+    class Current < Migration #:nodoc:
     end
 
-    def self.inherited(subclass) # :nodoc:
+    def self.inherited(subclass) #:nodoc:
       super
       if subclass.superclass == Migration
-        subclass.include Compatibility::Legacy
+        raise StandardError, "Directly inheriting from ActiveRecord::Migration is not supported. " \
+          "Please specify the Rails release the migration was written for:\n" \
+          "\n" \
+          "  class #{subclass} < ActiveRecord::Migration[4.2]"
       end
     end
 
@@ -532,70 +571,93 @@ module ActiveRecord
       ActiveRecord::VERSION::STRING.to_f
     end
 
-    MigrationFilenameRegexp = /\A([0-9]+)_([_a-z0-9]*)\.?([_a-z0-9]*)?\.rb\z/ # :nodoc:
+    MigrationFilenameRegexp = /\A([0-9]+)_([_a-z0-9]*)\.?([_a-z0-9]*)?\.rb\z/ #:nodoc:
 
     # This class is used to verify that all migrations have been run before
     # loading a web page if <tt>config.active_record.migration_error</tt> is set to :page_load
     class CheckPending
-      def initialize(app)
+      def initialize(app, file_watcher: ActiveSupport::FileUpdateChecker)
         @app = app
-        @last_check = 0
+        @needs_check = true
+        @mutex = Mutex.new
+        @file_watcher = file_watcher
       end
 
       def call(env)
-        if connection.supports_migrations?
-          mtime = ActiveRecord::Migrator.last_migration.mtime.to_i
-          if @last_check < mtime
+        @mutex.synchronize do
+          @watcher ||= build_watcher do
+            @needs_check = true
             ActiveRecord::Migration.check_pending!(connection)
-            @last_check = mtime
+            @needs_check = false
+          end
+
+          if @needs_check
+            @watcher.execute
+          else
+            @watcher.execute_if_updated
           end
         end
+
         @app.call(env)
       end
 
       private
+        def build_watcher(&block)
+          paths = Array(connection.migration_context.migrations_paths)
+          @file_watcher.new([], paths.index_with(["rb"]), &block)
+        end
 
-      def connection
-        ActiveRecord::Base.connection
-      end
+        def connection
+          ActiveRecord::Base.connection
+        end
     end
 
     class << self
-      attr_accessor :delegate # :nodoc:
-      attr_accessor :disable_ddl_transaction # :nodoc:
+      attr_accessor :delegate #:nodoc:
+      attr_accessor :disable_ddl_transaction #:nodoc:
 
-      def nearest_delegate # :nodoc:
+      def nearest_delegate #:nodoc:
         delegate || superclass.nearest_delegate
       end
 
       # Raises <tt>ActiveRecord::PendingMigrationError</tt> error if any migrations are pending.
       def check_pending!(connection = Base.connection)
-        raise ActiveRecord::PendingMigrationError if ActiveRecord::Migrator.needs_migration?(connection)
+        raise ActiveRecord::PendingMigrationError if connection.migration_context.needs_migration?
       end
 
       def load_schema_if_pending!
-        if ActiveRecord::Migrator.needs_migration? || !ActiveRecord::Migrator.any_migrations?
+        current_db_config = Base.connection_db_config
+        all_configs = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: Rails.env)
+
+        needs_update = !all_configs.all? do |db_config|
+          Tasks::DatabaseTasks.schema_up_to_date?(db_config, ActiveRecord::Base.schema_format)
+        end
+
+        if needs_update
           # Roundtrip to Rake to allow plugins to hook into database initialization.
-          FileUtils.cd Rails.root do
-            current_config = Base.connection_config
+          root = defined?(ENGINE_ROOT) ? ENGINE_ROOT : Rails.root
+          FileUtils.cd(root) do
             Base.clear_all_connections!
             system("bin/rails db:test:prepare")
-            # Establish a new connection, the old database may be gone (db:test:prepare uses purge)
-            Base.establish_connection(current_config)
           end
-          check_pending!
         end
+
+        # Establish a new connection, the old database may be gone (db:test:prepare uses purge)
+        Base.establish_connection(current_db_config)
+
+        check_pending!
       end
 
-      def maintain_test_schema! # :nodoc:
+      def maintain_test_schema! #:nodoc:
         if ActiveRecord::Base.maintain_test_schema
           suppress_messages { load_schema_if_pending! }
         end
       end
 
-      def method_missing(name, *args, &block) # :nodoc:
+      def method_missing(name, *args, &block) #:nodoc:
         nearest_delegate.send(name, *args, &block)
       end
+      ruby2_keywords(:method_missing) if respond_to?(:ruby2_keywords, true)
 
       def migrate(direction)
         new.migrate direction
@@ -610,7 +672,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       end
     end
 
-    def disable_ddl_transaction # :nodoc:
+    def disable_ddl_transaction #:nodoc:
       self.class.disable_ddl_transaction
     end
 
@@ -634,7 +696,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
     # and create the table 'apples' on the way up, and the reverse
     # on the way down.
     #
-    #   class FixTLMigration < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
+    #   class FixTLMigration < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.0]
     #     def change
     #       revert do
     #         create_table(:horses) do |t|
@@ -651,9 +713,9 @@ module ActiveRecord
     # Or equivalently, if +TenderloveMigration+ is defined as in the
     # documentation for Migration:
     #
-    #   require_relative '20121212123456_tenderlove_migration'
+    #   require_relative "20121212123456_tenderlove_migration"
     #
-    #   class FixupTLMigration < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
+    #   class FixupTLMigration < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.0]
     #     def change
     #       revert TenderloveMigration
     #
@@ -670,15 +732,13 @@ module ActiveRecord
         if connection.respond_to? :revert
           connection.revert { yield }
         else
-          recorder = CommandRecorder.new(connection)
+          recorder = command_recorder
           @connection = recorder
           suppress_messages do
             connection.revert { yield }
           end
           @connection = recorder.delegate
-          recorder.commands.each do |cmd, args, block|
-            send(cmd, *args, &block)
-          end
+          recorder.replay(self)
         end
       end
     end
@@ -687,7 +747,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       connection.respond_to?(:reverting) && connection.reverting
     end
 
-    class ReversibleBlockHelper < Struct.new(:reverting) # :nodoc:
+    ReversibleBlockHelper = Struct.new(:reverting) do #:nodoc:
       def up
         yield unless reverting
       end
@@ -706,7 +766,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
     # when the three columns 'first_name', 'last_name' and 'full_name' exist,
     # even when migrating down:
     #
-    #    class SplitNameMigration < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
+    #    class SplitNameMigration < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.0]
     #      def change
     #        add_column :users, :first_name, :string
     #        add_column :users, :last_name, :string
@@ -725,7 +785,25 @@ module ActiveRecord
     #    end
     def reversible
       helper = ReversibleBlockHelper.new(reverting?)
-      execute_block{ yield helper }
+      execute_block { yield helper }
+    end
+
+    # Used to specify an operation that is only run when migrating up
+    # (for example, populating a new column with its initial values).
+    #
+    # In the following example, the new column +published+ will be given
+    # the value +true+ for all existing records.
+    #
+    #    class AddPublishedToPosts < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.0]
+    #      def change
+    #        add_column :posts, :published, :boolean, default: false
+    #        up_only do
+    #          execute "update posts set published = 'true'"
+    #        end
+    #      end
+    #    end
+    def up_only
+      execute_block { yield } unless reverting?
     end
 
     # Runs the given migration classes.
@@ -767,7 +845,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       when :down then announce "reverting"
       end
 
-      time   = nil
+      time = nil
       ActiveRecord::Base.connection_pool.with_connection do |conn|
         time = Benchmark.measure do
           exec_migration(conn, direction)
@@ -789,13 +867,13 @@ module ActiveRecord
           change
         end
       else
-        send(direction)
+        public_send(direction)
       end
     ensure
       @connection = nil
     end
 
-    def write(text="")
+    def write(text = "")
       puts(text) if verbose
     end
 
@@ -805,10 +883,14 @@ module ActiveRecord
       write "== %s %s" % [text, "=" * length]
     end
 
-    def say(message, subitem=false)
+    # Takes a message argument and outputs it as is.
+    # A second boolean argument can be passed to specify whether to indent or not.
+    def say(message, subitem = false)
       write "#{subitem ? "   ->" : "--"} #{message}"
     end
 
+    # Outputs text along with how long it took to run its block.
+    # If the block returns an integer it assumes it is the number of rows affected.
     def say_with_time(message)
       say(message)
       result = nil
@@ -818,6 +900,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       result
     end
 
+    # Takes a block as an argument and suppresses any output generated by the block.
     def suppress_messages
       save, self.verbose = verbose, false
       yield
@@ -830,7 +913,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
     end
 
     def method_missing(method, *arguments, &block)
-      arg_list = arguments.map(&:inspect) * ', '
+      arg_list = arguments.map(&:inspect) * ", "
 
       say_with_time "#{method}(#{arg_list})" do
         unless connection.respond_to? :revert
@@ -846,29 +929,33 @@ module ActiveRecord
         connection.send(method, *arguments, &block)
       end
     end
+    ruby2_keywords(:method_missing) if respond_to?(:ruby2_keywords, true)
 
     def copy(destination, sources, options = {})
       copied = []
+      schema_migration = options[:schema_migration] || ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration
 
       FileUtils.mkdir_p(destination) unless File.exist?(destination)
 
-      destination_migrations = ActiveRecord::Migrator.migrations(destination)
+      destination_migrations = ActiveRecord::MigrationContext.new(destination, schema_migration).migrations
       last = destination_migrations.last
       sources.each do |scope, path|
-        source_migrations = ActiveRecord::Migrator.migrations(path)
+        source_migrations = ActiveRecord::MigrationContext.new(path, schema_migration).migrations
 
         source_migrations.each do |migration|
           source = File.binread(migration.filename)
           inserted_comment = "# This migration comes from #{scope} (originally #{migration.version})\n"
-          if /\A#.*\b(?:en)?coding:\s*\S+/ =~ source
+          magic_comments = +""
+          loop do
             # If we have a magic comment in the original migration,
             # insert our comment after the first newline(end of the magic comment line)
             # so the magic keep working.
             # Note that magic comments must be at the first line(except sh-bang).
-            source[/\n/] = "\n#{inserted_comment}"
-          else
-            source = "#{inserted_comment}#{source}"
+            source.sub!(/\A(?:#.*\b(?:en)?coding:\s*\S+|#\s*frozen_string_literal:\s*(?:true|false)).*\n/) do |magic_comment|
+              magic_comments << magic_comment; ""
+            end || break
           end
+          source = "#{magic_comments}#{inserted_comment}#{source}"
 
           if duplicate = destination_migrations.detect { |m| m.name == migration.name }
             if options[:on_skip] && duplicate.scope != scope.to_s
@@ -922,19 +1009,22 @@ module ActiveRecord
     end
 
     private
-    def execute_block
-      if connection.respond_to? :execute_block
-        super # use normal delegation to record the block
-      else
-        yield
+      def execute_block
+        if connection.respond_to? :execute_block
+          super # use normal delegation to record the block
+        else
+          yield
+        end
+      end
+
+      def command_recorder
+        CommandRecorder.new(connection)
       end
-    end
   end
 
   # MigrationProxy is used to defer loading of the actual migration classes
   # until they are needed
-  class MigrationProxy < Struct.new(:name, :version, :filename, :scope)
-
+  MigrationProxy = Struct.new(:name, :version, :filename, :scope) do
     def initialize(name, version, filename, scope)
       super
       @migration = nil
@@ -944,14 +1034,9 @@ module ActiveRecord
       File.basename(filename)
     end
 
-    def mtime
-      File.mtime filename
-    end
-
     delegate :migrate, :announce, :write, :disable_ddl_transaction, to: :migration
 
     private
-
       def migration
         @migration ||= load_migration
       end
@@ -960,172 +1045,188 @@ module ActiveRecord
         require(File.expand_path(filename))
         name.constantize.new(name, version)
       end
-
   end
 
-  class NullMigration < MigrationProxy #:nodoc:
-    def initialize
-      super(nil, 0, nil, nil)
-    end
+  class MigrationContext #:nodoc:
+    attr_reader :migrations_paths, :schema_migration
 
-    def mtime
-      0
+    def initialize(migrations_paths, schema_migration)
+      @migrations_paths = migrations_paths
+      @schema_migration = schema_migration
     end
-  end
-
-  class Migrator#:nodoc:
-    class << self
-      attr_writer :migrations_paths
-      alias :migrations_path= :migrations_paths=
-
-      def migrate(migrations_paths, target_version = nil, &block)
-        case
-        when target_version.nil?
-          up(migrations_paths, target_version, &block)
-        when current_version == 0 && target_version == 0
-          []
-        when current_version > target_version
-          down(migrations_paths, target_version, &block)
-        else
-          up(migrations_paths, target_version, &block)
-        end
-      end
 
-      def rollback(migrations_paths, steps=1)
-        move(:down, migrations_paths, steps)
+    def migrate(target_version = nil, &block)
+      case
+      when target_version.nil?
+        up(target_version, &block)
+      when current_version == 0 && target_version == 0
+        []
+      when current_version > target_version
+        down(target_version, &block)
+      else
+        up(target_version, &block)
       end
+    end
 
-      def forward(migrations_paths, steps=1)
-        move(:up, migrations_paths, steps)
-      end
+    def rollback(steps = 1)
+      move(:down, steps)
+    end
 
-      def up(migrations_paths, target_version = nil)
-        migrations = migrations(migrations_paths)
-        migrations.select! { |m| yield m } if block_given?
+    def forward(steps = 1)
+      move(:up, steps)
+    end
 
-        new(:up, migrations, target_version).migrate
+    def up(target_version = nil)
+      selected_migrations = if block_given?
+        migrations.select { |m| yield m }
+      else
+        migrations
       end
 
-      def down(migrations_paths, target_version = nil)
-        migrations = migrations(migrations_paths)
-        migrations.select! { |m| yield m } if block_given?
-
-        new(:down, migrations, target_version).migrate
-      end
+      Migrator.new(:up, selected_migrations, schema_migration, target_version).migrate
+    end
 
-      def run(direction, migrations_paths, target_version)
-        new(direction, migrations(migrations_paths), target_version).run
+    def down(target_version = nil)
+      selected_migrations = if block_given?
+        migrations.select { |m| yield m }
+      else
+        migrations
       end
 
-      def open(migrations_paths)
-        new(:up, migrations(migrations_paths), nil)
-      end
+      Migrator.new(:down, selected_migrations, schema_migration, target_version).migrate
+    end
 
-      def schema_migrations_table_name
-        SchemaMigration.table_name
-      end
+    def run(direction, target_version)
+      Migrator.new(direction, migrations, schema_migration, target_version).run
+    end
 
-      def get_all_versions(connection = Base.connection)
-        ActiveSupport::Deprecation.silence do
-          if connection.table_exists?(schema_migrations_table_name)
-            SchemaMigration.all.map { |x| x.version.to_i }.sort
-          else
-            []
-          end
-        end
-      end
+    def open
+      Migrator.new(:up, migrations, schema_migration)
+    end
 
-      def current_version(connection = Base.connection)
-        get_all_versions(connection).max || 0
+    def get_all_versions
+      if schema_migration.table_exists?
+        schema_migration.all_versions.map(&:to_i)
+      else
+        []
       end
+    end
 
-      def needs_migration?(connection = Base.connection)
-        (migrations(migrations_paths).collect(&:version) - get_all_versions(connection)).size > 0
-      end
+    def current_version
+      get_all_versions.max || 0
+    rescue ActiveRecord::NoDatabaseError
+    end
 
-      def any_migrations?
-        migrations(migrations_paths).any?
-      end
+    def needs_migration?
+      (migrations.collect(&:version) - get_all_versions).size > 0
+    end
 
-      def last_migration #:nodoc:
-        migrations(migrations_paths).last || NullMigration.new
-      end
+    def any_migrations?
+      migrations.any?
+    end
 
-      def migrations_paths
-        @migrations_paths ||= ['db/migrate']
-        # just to not break things if someone uses: migrations_path = some_string
-        Array(@migrations_paths)
-      end
+    def migrations
+      migrations = migration_files.map do |file|
+        version, name, scope = parse_migration_filename(file)
+        raise IllegalMigrationNameError.new(file) unless version
+        version = version.to_i
+        name = name.camelize
 
-      def parse_migration_filename(filename) # :nodoc:
-        File.basename(filename).scan(Migration::MigrationFilenameRegexp).first
+        MigrationProxy.new(name, version, file, scope)
       end
 
-      def migrations(paths)
-        paths = Array(paths)
+      migrations.sort_by(&:version)
+    end
 
-        migrations = migration_files(paths).map do |file|
-          version, name, scope = parse_migration_filename(file)
-          raise IllegalMigrationNameError.new(file) unless version
-          version = version.to_i
-          name = name.camelize
+    def migrations_status
+      db_list = schema_migration.normalized_versions
 
-          MigrationProxy.new(name, version, file, scope)
-        end
+      file_list = migration_files.map do |file|
+        version, name, scope = parse_migration_filename(file)
+        raise IllegalMigrationNameError.new(file) unless version
+        version = schema_migration.normalize_migration_number(version)
+        status = db_list.delete(version) ? "up" : "down"
+        [status, version, (name + scope).humanize]
+      end.compact
 
-        migrations.sort_by(&:version)
+      db_list.map! do |version|
+        ["up", version, "********** NO FILE **********"]
       end
 
-      def migrations_status(paths)
-        paths = Array(paths)
+      (db_list + file_list).sort_by { |_, version, _| version }
+    end
 
-        db_list = ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration.normalized_versions
+    def current_environment
+      ActiveRecord::ConnectionHandling::DEFAULT_ENV.call
+    end
 
-        file_list = migration_files(paths).map do |file|
-          version, name, scope = parse_migration_filename(file)
-          raise IllegalMigrationNameError.new(file) unless version
-          version = ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration.normalize_migration_number(version)
-          status = db_list.delete(version) ? "up" : "down"
-          [status, version, (name + scope).humanize]
-        end.compact
+    def protected_environment?
+      ActiveRecord::Base.protected_environments.include?(last_stored_environment) if last_stored_environment
+    end
 
-        db_list.map! do |version|
-          ["up", version, "********** NO FILE **********"]
-        end
+    def last_stored_environment
+      return nil unless ActiveRecord::InternalMetadata.enabled?
+      return nil if current_version == 0
+      raise NoEnvironmentInSchemaError unless ActiveRecord::InternalMetadata.table_exists?
 
-        (db_list + file_list).sort_by { |_, version, _| version }
-      end
+      environment = ActiveRecord::InternalMetadata[:environment]
+      raise NoEnvironmentInSchemaError unless environment
+      environment
+    end
 
-      def migration_files(paths)
+    private
+      def migration_files
+        paths = Array(migrations_paths)
         Dir[*paths.flat_map { |path| "#{path}/**/[0-9]*_*.rb" }]
       end
 
-      private
+      def parse_migration_filename(filename)
+        File.basename(filename).scan(Migration::MigrationFilenameRegexp).first
+      end
 
-      def move(direction, migrations_paths, steps)
-        migrator = new(direction, migrations(migrations_paths))
-        start_index = migrator.migrations.index(migrator.current_migration)
+      def move(direction, steps)
+        migrator = Migrator.new(direction, migrations, schema_migration)
 
-        if start_index
-          finish = migrator.migrations[start_index + steps]
-          version = finish ? finish.version : 0
-          send(direction, migrations_paths, version)
+        if current_version != 0 && !migrator.current_migration
+          raise UnknownMigrationVersionError.new(current_version)
         end
+
+        start_index =
+          if current_version == 0
+            0
+          else
+            migrator.migrations.index(migrator.current_migration)
+          end
+
+        finish = migrator.migrations[start_index + steps]
+        version = finish ? finish.version : 0
+        public_send(direction, version)
+      end
+  end
+
+  class Migrator # :nodoc:
+    class << self
+      attr_accessor :migrations_paths
+
+      # For cases where a table doesn't exist like loading from schema cache
+      def current_version
+        MigrationContext.new(migrations_paths, SchemaMigration).current_version
       end
     end
 
-    def initialize(direction, migrations, target_version = nil)
-      raise StandardError.new("This database does not yet support migrations") unless Base.connection.supports_migrations?
+    self.migrations_paths = ["db/migrate"]
 
+    def initialize(direction, migrations, schema_migration, target_version = nil)
       @direction         = direction
       @target_version    = target_version
       @migrated_versions = nil
       @migrations        = migrations
+      @schema_migration  = schema_migration
 
       validate(@migrations)
 
-      Base.connection.initialize_schema_migrations_table
-      Base.connection.initialize_internal_metadata_table
+      @schema_migration.create_table
+      ActiveRecord::InternalMetadata.create_table
     end
 
     def current_version
@@ -1178,153 +1279,149 @@ module ActiveRecord
     end
 
     def load_migrated
-      @migrated_versions = Set.new(self.class.get_all_versions)
+      @migrated_versions = Set.new(@schema_migration.all_versions.map(&:to_i))
     end
 
     private
+      # Used for running a specific migration.
+      def run_without_lock
+        migration = migrations.detect { |m| m.version == @target_version }
+        raise UnknownMigrationVersionError.new(@target_version) if migration.nil?
+        result = execute_migration_in_transaction(migration)
+
+        record_environment
+        result
+      end
 
-    # Used for running a specific migration.
-    def run_without_lock
-      migration = migrations.detect { |m| m.version == @target_version }
-      raise UnknownMigrationVersionError.new(@target_version) if migration.nil?
-      result = execute_migration_in_transaction(migration, @direction)
-
-      record_environment
-      result
-    end
+      # Used for running multiple migrations up to or down to a certain value.
+      def migrate_without_lock
+        if invalid_target?
+          raise UnknownMigrationVersionError.new(@target_version)
+        end
 
-    # Used for running multiple migrations up to or down to a certain value.
-    def migrate_without_lock
-      if invalid_target?
-        raise UnknownMigrationVersionError.new(@target_version)
+        result = runnable.each(&method(:execute_migration_in_transaction))
+        record_environment
+        result
       end
 
-      result = runnable.each do |migration|
-        execute_migration_in_transaction(migration, @direction)
+      # Stores the current environment in the database.
+      def record_environment
+        return if down?
+        ActiveRecord::InternalMetadata[:environment] = ActiveRecord::Base.connection.migration_context.current_environment
       end
 
-      record_environment
-      result
-    end
-
-    # Stores the current environment in the database.
-    def record_environment
-      return if down?
-      ActiveRecord::InternalMetadata[:environment] = ActiveRecord::Migrator.current_environment
-    end
-
-    def ran?(migration)
-      migrated.include?(migration.version.to_i)
-    end
+      def ran?(migration)
+        migrated.include?(migration.version.to_i)
+      end
 
-    # Return true if a valid version is not provided.
-    def invalid_target?
-      !target && @target_version && @target_version > 0
-    end
+      # Return true if a valid version is not provided.
+      def invalid_target?
+        @target_version && @target_version != 0 && !target
+      end
 
-    def execute_migration_in_transaction(migration, direction)
-      return if down? && !migrated.include?(migration.version.to_i)
-      return if up?   &&  migrated.include?(migration.version.to_i)
+      def execute_migration_in_transaction(migration)
+        return if down? && !migrated.include?(migration.version.to_i)
+        return if up?   &&  migrated.include?(migration.version.to_i)
 
-      Base.logger.info "Migrating to #{migration.name} (#{migration.version})" if Base.logger
+        Base.logger.info "Migrating to #{migration.name} (#{migration.version})" if Base.logger
 
-      ddl_transaction(migration) do
-        migration.migrate(direction)
-        record_version_state_after_migrating(migration.version)
+        ddl_transaction(migration) do
+          migration.migrate(@direction)
+          record_version_state_after_migrating(migration.version)
+        end
+      rescue => e
+        msg = +"An error has occurred, "
+        msg << "this and " if use_transaction?(migration)
+        msg << "all later migrations canceled:\n\n#{e}"
+        raise StandardError, msg, e.backtrace
       end
-    rescue => e
-      msg = "An error has occurred, "
-      msg << "this and " if use_transaction?(migration)
-      msg << "all later migrations canceled:\n\n#{e}"
-      raise StandardError, msg, e.backtrace
-    end
-
-    def target
-      migrations.detect { |m| m.version == @target_version }
-    end
 
-    def finish
-      migrations.index(target) || migrations.size - 1
-    end
+      def target
+        migrations.detect { |m| m.version == @target_version }
+      end
 
-    def start
-      up? ? 0 : (migrations.index(current) || 0)
-    end
+      def finish
+        migrations.index(target) || migrations.size - 1
+      end
 
-    def validate(migrations)
-      name ,= migrations.group_by(&:name).find { |_,v| v.length > 1 }
-      raise DuplicateMigrationNameError.new(name) if name
+      def start
+        up? ? 0 : (migrations.index(current) || 0)
+      end
 
-      version ,= migrations.group_by(&:version).find { |_,v| v.length > 1 }
-      raise DuplicateMigrationVersionError.new(version) if version
-    end
+      def validate(migrations)
+        name, = migrations.group_by(&:name).find { |_, v| v.length > 1 }
+        raise DuplicateMigrationNameError.new(name) if name
 
-    def record_version_state_after_migrating(version)
-      if down?
-        migrated.delete(version)
-        ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration.where(:version => version.to_s).delete_all
-      else
-        migrated << version
-        ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration.create!(version: version.to_s)
+        version, = migrations.group_by(&:version).find { |_, v| v.length > 1 }
+        raise DuplicateMigrationVersionError.new(version) if version
       end
-    end
 
-    def self.last_stored_environment
-      return nil if current_version == 0
-      raise NoEnvironmentInSchemaError unless ActiveRecord::InternalMetadata.table_exists?
-
-      environment = ActiveRecord::InternalMetadata[:environment]
-      raise NoEnvironmentInSchemaError unless environment
-      environment
-    end
+      def record_version_state_after_migrating(version)
+        if down?
+          migrated.delete(version)
+          @schema_migration.delete_by(version: version.to_s)
+        else
+          migrated << version
+          @schema_migration.create!(version: version.to_s)
+        end
+      end
 
-    def self.current_environment
-      ActiveRecord::ConnectionHandling::DEFAULT_ENV.call
-    end
+      def up?
+        @direction == :up
+      end
 
-    def self.protected_environment?
-      ActiveRecord::Base.protected_environments.include?(last_stored_environment) if last_stored_environment
-    end
+      def down?
+        @direction == :down
+      end
 
-    def up?
-      @direction == :up
-    end
+      # Wrap the migration in a transaction only if supported by the adapter.
+      def ddl_transaction(migration)
+        if use_transaction?(migration)
+          Base.transaction { yield }
+        else
+          yield
+        end
+      end
 
-    def down?
-      @direction == :down
-    end
+      def use_transaction?(migration)
+        !migration.disable_ddl_transaction && Base.connection.supports_ddl_transactions?
+      end
 
-    # Wrap the migration in a transaction only if supported by the adapter.
-    def ddl_transaction(migration)
-      if use_transaction?(migration)
-        Base.transaction { yield }
-      else
-        yield
+      def use_advisory_lock?
+        Base.connection.advisory_locks_enabled?
       end
-    end
 
-    def use_transaction?(migration)
-      !migration.disable_ddl_transaction && Base.connection.supports_ddl_transactions?
-    end
+      def with_advisory_lock
+        lock_id = generate_migrator_advisory_lock_id
+
+        with_advisory_lock_connection do |connection|
+          got_lock = connection.get_advisory_lock(lock_id)
+          raise ConcurrentMigrationError unless got_lock
+          load_migrated # reload schema_migrations to be sure it wasn't changed by another process before we got the lock
+          yield
+        ensure
+          if got_lock && !connection.release_advisory_lock(lock_id)
+            raise ConcurrentMigrationError.new(
+              ConcurrentMigrationError::RELEASE_LOCK_FAILED_MESSAGE
+            )
+          end
+        end
+      end
 
-    def use_advisory_lock?
-      Base.connection.supports_advisory_locks?
-    end
+      def with_advisory_lock_connection
+        pool = ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionHandler.new.establish_connection(
+          ActiveRecord::Base.connection_db_config
+        )
 
-    def with_advisory_lock
-      lock_id = generate_migrator_advisory_lock_id
-      got_lock = Base.connection.get_advisory_lock(lock_id)
-      raise ConcurrentMigrationError unless got_lock
-      load_migrated # reload schema_migrations to be sure it wasn't changed by another process before we got the lock
-      yield
-    ensure
-      Base.connection.release_advisory_lock(lock_id) if got_lock
-    end
+        pool.with_connection { |connection| yield(connection) }
+      ensure
+        pool&.disconnect!
+      end
 
-    MIGRATOR_SALT = 2053462845
-    def generate_migrator_advisory_lock_id
-      db_name_hash = Zlib.crc32(Base.connection.current_database)
-      MIGRATOR_SALT * db_name_hash
-    end
+      MIGRATOR_SALT = 2053462845
+      def generate_migrator_advisory_lock_id
+        db_name_hash = Zlib.crc32(Base.connection.current_database)
+        MIGRATOR_SALT * db_name_hash
+      end
   end
 end