scipy 1.16.2__cp311-cp311-win_arm64.whl

scipy/sparse/_compressed.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1328 @@
+"""Base class for sparse matrix formats using compressed storage."""
+__all__ = []
+
+from warnings import warn
+import itertools
+
+import numpy as np
+from scipy._lib._util import _prune_array, copy_if_needed
+
+from ._base import _spbase, issparse, sparray, SparseEfficiencyWarning
+from ._data import _data_matrix, _minmax_mixin
+from . import _sparsetools
+from ._sparsetools import (get_csr_submatrix, csr_sample_offsets, csr_todense,
+                           csr_sample_values, csr_row_index, csr_row_slice,
+                           csr_column_index1, csr_column_index2, csr_diagonal,
+                           expandptr, csr_has_canonical_format, csr_eliminate_zeros,
+                           csr_sum_duplicates, csr_has_sorted_indices, csr_sort_indices,
+                           csr_matmat_maxnnz, csr_matmat)
+from ._index import IndexMixin
+from ._sputils import (upcast, upcast_char, to_native, isshape,
+                       getdtype, isintlike, downcast_intp_index,
+                       get_sum_dtype, check_shape, get_index_dtype, broadcast_shapes)
+
+
+class _cs_matrix(_data_matrix, _minmax_mixin, IndexMixin):
+    """
+    base array/matrix class for compressed row- and column-oriented arrays/matrices
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, arg1, shape=None, dtype=None, copy=False, *, maxprint=None):
+        _data_matrix.__init__(self, arg1, maxprint=maxprint)
+
+        if issparse(arg1):
+            if arg1.format == self.format and copy:
+                arg1 = arg1.copy()
+            else:
+                arg1 = arg1.asformat(self.format)
+            self.indptr, self.indices, self.data, self._shape = (
+                arg1.indptr, arg1.indices, arg1.data, arg1._shape
+            )
+
+        elif isinstance(arg1, tuple):
+            if isshape(arg1, allow_nd=self._allow_nd):
+                # It's a tuple of matrix dimensions (M, N)
+                # create empty matrix
+                self._shape = check_shape(arg1, allow_nd=self._allow_nd)
+                M, N = self._swap(self._shape_as_2d)
+                # Select index dtype large enough to pass array and
+                # scalar parameters to sparsetools
+                idx_dtype = self._get_index_dtype(maxval=max(self.shape))
+                self.data = np.zeros(0, getdtype(dtype, default=float))
+                self.indices = np.zeros(0, idx_dtype)
+                self.indptr = np.zeros(M + 1, dtype=idx_dtype)
+            else:
+                if len(arg1) == 2:
+                    # (data, ij) format
+                    coo = self._coo_container(arg1, shape=shape, dtype=dtype)
+                    arrays = coo._coo_to_compressed(self._swap)
+                    self.indptr, self.indices, self.data, self._shape = arrays
+                    self.sum_duplicates()
+                elif len(arg1) == 3:
+                    # (data, indices, indptr) format
+                    (data, indices, indptr) = arg1
+
+                    # Select index dtype large enough to pass array and
+                    # scalar parameters to sparsetools
+                    maxval = None
+                    if shape is not None and 0 not in shape:
+                        maxval = max(shape)
+                    idx_dtype = self._get_index_dtype((indices, indptr),
+                                                maxval=maxval,
+                                                check_contents=True)
+
+                    if not copy:
+                        copy = copy_if_needed
+                    self.indices = np.array(indices, copy=copy, dtype=idx_dtype)
+                    self.indptr = np.array(indptr, copy=copy, dtype=idx_dtype)
+                    self.data = np.array(data, copy=copy, dtype=dtype)
+                else:
+                    raise ValueError(f"unrecognized {self.__class__.__name__} "
+                                     f"constructor input: {arg1}")
+
+        else:
+            # must be dense
+            try:
+                arg1 = np.asarray(arg1)
+            except Exception as e:
+                raise ValueError(f"unrecognized {self.__class__.__name__} "
+                                 f"constructor input: {arg1}") from e
+            if isinstance(self, sparray) and arg1.ndim != 2 and self.format == "csc":
+                raise ValueError(f"CSC arrays don't support {arg1.ndim}D input. Use 2D")
+            if arg1.ndim > 2:
+                raise ValueError(f"CSR arrays don't yet support {arg1.ndim}D.")
+
+            coo = self._coo_container(arg1, dtype=dtype)
+            arrays = coo._coo_to_compressed(self._swap)
+            self.indptr, self.indices, self.data, self._shape = arrays
+
+        # Read matrix dimensions given, if any
+        if shape is not None:
+            self._shape = check_shape(shape, allow_nd=self._allow_nd)
+        elif self.shape is None:
+            # shape not already set, try to infer dimensions
+            try:
+                M = len(self.indptr) - 1
+                N = self.indices.max() + 1
+            except Exception as e:
+                raise ValueError('unable to infer matrix dimensions') from e
+
+            self._shape = check_shape(self._swap((M, N)), allow_nd=self._allow_nd)
+
+        if dtype is not None:
+            newdtype = getdtype(dtype)
+            self.data = self.data.astype(newdtype, copy=False)
+
+        self.check_format(full_check=False)
+
+    def _getnnz(self, axis=None):
+        if axis is None:
+            return int(self.indptr[-1])
+        elif self.ndim == 1:
+            if axis in (0, -1):
+                return int(self.indptr[-1])
+            raise ValueError('axis out of bounds')
+        else:
+            if axis < 0:
+                axis += 2
+            axis, _ = self._swap((axis, 1 - axis))
+            _, N = self._swap(self.shape)
+            if axis == 0:
+                return np.bincount(downcast_intp_index(self.indices), minlength=N)
+            elif axis == 1:
+                return np.diff(self.indptr)
+            raise ValueError('axis out of bounds')
+
+    _getnnz.__doc__ = _spbase._getnnz.__doc__
+
+    def count_nonzero(self, axis=None):
+        self.sum_duplicates()
+        if axis is None:
+            return np.count_nonzero(self.data)
+
+        if self.ndim == 1:
+            if axis not in (0, -1):
+                raise ValueError('axis out of bounds')
+            return np.count_nonzero(self.data)
+
+        if axis < 0:
+            axis += 2
+        axis, _ = self._swap((axis, 1 - axis))
+        if axis == 0:
+            _, N = self._swap(self.shape)
+            mask = self.data != 0
+            idx = self.indices if mask.all() else self.indices[mask]
+            return np.bincount(downcast_intp_index(idx), minlength=N)
+        elif axis == 1:
+            if self.data.all():
+                return np.diff(self.indptr)
+            pairs = itertools.pairwise(self.indptr)
+            return np.array([np.count_nonzero(self.data[i:j]) for i, j in pairs])
+        else:
+            raise ValueError('axis out of bounds')
+
+    count_nonzero.__doc__ = _spbase.count_nonzero.__doc__
+
+    def check_format(self, full_check=True):
+        """Check whether the array/matrix respects the CSR or CSC format.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        full_check : bool, optional
+            If `True`, run rigorous check, scanning arrays for valid values.
+            Note that activating those check might copy arrays for casting,
+            modifying indices and index pointers' inplace.
+            If `False`, run basic checks on attributes. O(1) operations.
+            Default is `True`.
+        """
+        # index arrays should have integer data types
+        if self.indptr.dtype.kind != 'i':
+            warn(f"indptr array has non-integer dtype ({self.indptr.dtype.name})",
+                 stacklevel=3)
+        if self.indices.dtype.kind != 'i':
+            warn(f"indices array has non-integer dtype ({self.indices.dtype.name})",
+                 stacklevel=3)
+
+        # check array shapes
+        for x in [self.data.ndim, self.indices.ndim, self.indptr.ndim]:
+            if x != 1:
+                raise ValueError('data, indices, and indptr should be 1-D')
+
+        # check index pointer. Use _swap to determine proper bounds
+        M, N = self._swap(self._shape_as_2d)
+
+        if (len(self.indptr) != M + 1):
+            raise ValueError(f"index pointer size {len(self.indptr)} should be {M + 1}")
+        if (self.indptr[0] != 0):
+            raise ValueError("index pointer should start with 0")
+
+        # check index and data arrays
+        if (len(self.indices) != len(self.data)):
+            raise ValueError("indices and data should have the same size")
+        if (self.indptr[-1] > len(self.indices)):
+            raise ValueError("Last value of index pointer should be less than "
+                             "the size of index and data arrays")
+
+        self.prune()
+
+        if full_check:
+            # check format validity (more expensive)
+            if self.nnz > 0:
+                if self.indices.max() >= N:
+                    raise ValueError(f"indices must be < {N}")
+                if self.indices.min() < 0:
+                    raise ValueError("indices must be >= 0")
+                if np.diff(self.indptr).min() < 0:
+                    raise ValueError("indptr must be a non-decreasing sequence")
+
+            idx_dtype = self._get_index_dtype((self.indptr, self.indices))
+            self.indptr = np.asarray(self.indptr, dtype=idx_dtype)
+            self.indices = np.asarray(self.indices, dtype=idx_dtype)
+            self.data = to_native(self.data)
+
+        # if not self.has_sorted_indices():
+        #    warn('Indices were not in sorted order.  Sorting indices.')
+        #    self.sort_indices()
+        #    assert(self.has_sorted_indices())
+        # TODO check for duplicates?
+
+    #######################
+    # Boolean comparisons #
+    #######################
+
+    def _scalar_binopt(self, other, op):
+        """Scalar version of self._binopt, for cases in which no new nonzeros
+        are added. Produces a new sparse array in canonical form.
+        """
+        self.sum_duplicates()
+        res = self._with_data(op(self.data, other), copy=True)
+        res.eliminate_zeros()
+        return res
+
+    #################################
+    # Arithmetic operator overrides #
+    #################################
+
+    def _add_dense(self, other):
+        if other.shape != self.shape:
+            raise ValueError(f'Incompatible shapes ({self.shape} and {other.shape})')
+        dtype = upcast_char(self.dtype.char, other.dtype.char)
+        order = self._swap('CF')[0]
+        result = np.array(other, dtype=dtype, order=order, copy=True)
+        y = result if result.flags.c_contiguous else result.T
+        M, N = self._swap(self._shape_as_2d)
+        csr_todense(M, N, self.indptr, self.indices, self.data, y)
+        return self._container(result, copy=False)
+
+    def _add_sparse(self, other):
+        return self._binopt(other, '_plus_')
+
+    def _sub_sparse(self, other):
+        return self._binopt(other, '_minus_')
+
+    def _multiply_2d_with_broadcasting(self, other):
+        """Element-wise multiplication by array/matrix, vector, or scalar."""
+        # Called after checking that other is not scalarlike and self.ndim <=2
+        if issparse(other):
+            if self.shape == other.shape:
+                other = self.__class__(other)
+                return self._binopt(other, '_elmul_')
+            # Single element.
+            if other.shape == (1, 1):
+                result = self._mul_scalar(other.toarray()[0, 0])
+                if self.ndim == 1:
+                    return result.reshape((1, self.shape[0]))
+                return result
+            if other.shape == (1,):
+                return self._mul_scalar(other.toarray()[0])
+            if self.shape in ((1,), (1, 1)):
+                return other._mul_scalar(self.data.sum())
+
+            # broadcast. treat 1d like a row
+            sM, sN = self._shape_as_2d
+            oM, oN = other._shape_as_2d
+            # A row times a column.
+            if sM == 1 and oN == 1:
+                return other._matmul_sparse(self.reshape(sM, sN).tocsc())
+            if sN == 1 and oM == 1:
+                return self._matmul_sparse(other.reshape(oM, oN).tocsc())
+
+            is_array = isinstance(self, sparray)
+            # Other is a row.
+            if oM == 1 and sN == oN:
+                new_other = _make_diagonal_csr(other.toarray().ravel(), is_array)
+                result = self._matmul_sparse(new_other)
+                return result if self.ndim == 2 else result.reshape((1, oN))
+            # self is a row.
+            if sM == 1 and sN == oN:
+                copy = _make_diagonal_csr(self.toarray().ravel(), is_array)
+                return other._matmul_sparse(copy)
+
+            # Other is a column.
+            if oN == 1 and sM == oM:
+                new_other = _make_diagonal_csr(other.toarray().ravel(), is_array)
+                return new_other._matmul_sparse(self)
+            # self is a column.
+            if sN == 1 and sM == oM:
+                new_self = _make_diagonal_csr(self.toarray().ravel(), is_array)
+                return new_self._matmul_sparse(other)
+            raise ValueError(f"inconsistent shapes {self.shape} and {other.shape}")
+
+        # Assume other is a dense matrix/array, which produces a single-item
+        # object array if other isn't convertible to ndarray.
+        other = np.asanyarray(other)
+
+        if other.ndim > 2:
+            return np.multiply(self.toarray(), other)
+        # Single element / wrapped object.
+        if other.size == 1:
+            if other.dtype == np.object_:
+                # 'other' not convertible to ndarray.
+                return NotImplemented
+            bshape = broadcast_shapes(self.shape, other.shape)
+            return self._mul_scalar(other.flat[0]).reshape(bshape)
+        # Fast case for trivial sparse matrix.
+        if self.shape in ((1,), (1, 1)):
+            bshape = broadcast_shapes(self.shape, other.shape)
+            return np.multiply(self.data.sum(), other).reshape(bshape)
+
+        ret = self.tocoo()
+        # Matching shapes.
+        if self.shape == other.shape:
+            data = np.multiply(ret.data, other[ret.coords])
+            ret.data = data.view(np.ndarray).ravel()
+            return ret
+
+        # convert other to 2d
+        other2d = np.atleast_2d(other)
+        # Sparse row vector times...
+        if self.shape[0] == 1 or self.ndim == 1:
+            if other2d.shape[1] == 1:  # Dense column vector.
+                data = np.multiply(ret.data, other2d)
+            elif other2d.shape[1] == self.shape[-1]:  # Dense 2d matrix.
+                data = np.multiply(ret.data, other2d[:, ret.col])
+            else:
+                raise ValueError(f"inconsistent shapes {self.shape} and {other.shape}")
+            idx_dtype = self._get_index_dtype(ret.col,
+                                              maxval=ret.nnz * other2d.shape[0])
+            row = np.repeat(np.arange(other2d.shape[0], dtype=idx_dtype), ret.nnz)
+            col = np.tile(ret.col.astype(idx_dtype, copy=False), other2d.shape[0])
+            return self._coo_container(
+                (data.view(np.ndarray).ravel(), (row, col)),
+                shape=(other2d.shape[0], self.shape[-1]),
+                copy=False
+            )
+        # Sparse column vector times...
+        if self.shape[1] == 1:
+            if other2d.shape[0] == 1:  # Dense row vector.
+                data = np.multiply(ret.data[:, None], other2d)
+            elif other2d.shape[0] == self.shape[0]:  # Dense 2d array.
+                data = np.multiply(ret.data[:, None], other2d[ret.row])
+            else:
+                raise ValueError(f"inconsistent shapes {self.shape} and {other.shape}")
+            idx_dtype = self._get_index_dtype(ret.row,
+                                              maxval=ret.nnz * other2d.shape[1])
+            row = np.repeat(ret.row.astype(idx_dtype, copy=False), other2d.shape[1])
+            col = np.tile(np.arange(other2d.shape[1], dtype=idx_dtype), ret.nnz)
+            return self._coo_container(
+                (data.view(np.ndarray).ravel(), (row, col)),
+                shape=(self.shape[0], other2d.shape[1]),
+                copy=False
+            )
+        # Sparse matrix times dense row vector.
+        if other2d.shape[0] == 1 and self.shape[1] == other2d.shape[1]:
+            data = np.multiply(ret.data, other2d[:, ret.col].ravel())
+        # Sparse matrix times dense column vector.
+        elif other2d.shape[1] == 1 and self.shape[0] == other2d.shape[0]:
+            data = np.multiply(ret.data, other2d[ret.row].ravel())
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"inconsistent shapes {self.shape} and {other.shape}")
+        ret.data = data.view(np.ndarray).ravel()
+        return ret
+
+    ###########################
+    # Multiplication handlers #
+    ###########################
+
+    def _matmul_vector(self, other):
+        M, N = self._shape_as_2d
+
+        # output array
+        result = np.zeros(M, dtype=upcast_char(self.dtype.char, other.dtype.char))
+
+        # csr_matvec or csc_matvec
+        fn = getattr(_sparsetools, self.format + '_matvec')
+        fn(M, N, self.indptr, self.indices, self.data, other, result)
+
+        return result[0] if self.ndim == 1 else result
+
+    def _matmul_multivector(self, other):
+        M, N = self._shape_as_2d
+        n_vecs = other.shape[-1]  # number of column vectors
+
+        result = np.zeros((M, n_vecs),
+                          dtype=upcast_char(self.dtype.char, other.dtype.char))
+
+        # csr_matvecs or csc_matvecs
+        fn = getattr(_sparsetools, self.format + '_matvecs')
+        fn(M, N, n_vecs, self.indptr, self.indices, self.data,
+           other.ravel(), result.ravel())
+
+        if self.ndim == 1:
+            return result.reshape((n_vecs,))
+        return result
+
+    def _matmul_sparse(self, other):
+        M, K1 = self._shape_as_2d
+        # if other is 1d, treat as a **column**
+        o_ndim = other.ndim
+        if o_ndim == 1:
+            # convert 1d array to a 2d column when on the right of @
+            other = other.reshape((1, other.shape[0])).T  # Note: converts to CSC
+        K2, N = other._shape if other.ndim == 2 else (other.shape[0], 1)
+
+        # find new_shape: (M, N), (M,), (N,) or ()
+        new_shape = ()
+        if self.ndim == 2:
+            new_shape += (M,)
+        if o_ndim == 2:
+            new_shape += (N,)
+        faux_shape = (M if self.ndim == 2 else 1, N if o_ndim == 2 else 1)
+
+        other = self.__class__(other)  # convert to this format
+        index_arrays = (self.indptr, self.indices, other.indptr, other.indices)
+
+        M, N = self._swap((M, N))
+        s, o = self._swap((self, other))
+
+        idx_dtype = self._get_index_dtype(index_arrays)
+        s_indptr = np.asarray(s.indptr, dtype=idx_dtype)
+        s_indices = np.asarray(s.indices, dtype=idx_dtype)
+        o_indptr = np.asarray(o.indptr, dtype=idx_dtype)
+        o_indices = np.asarray(o.indices, dtype=idx_dtype)
+
+        nnz = csr_matmat_maxnnz(M, N, s_indptr, s_indices, o_indptr, o_indices)
+        if nnz == 0:
+            if new_shape == ():
+                return np.array(0, dtype=upcast(self.dtype, other.dtype))
+            return self.__class__(new_shape, dtype=upcast(self.dtype, other.dtype))
+
+        new_idx_dtype = self._get_index_dtype(index_arrays, maxval=nnz)
+        if new_idx_dtype != idx_dtype:
+            idx_dtype = new_idx_dtype
+            s_indptr = np.asarray(s.indptr, dtype=idx_dtype)
+            s_indices = np.asarray(s.indices, dtype=idx_dtype)
+            o_indptr = np.asarray(o.indptr, dtype=idx_dtype)
+            o_indices = np.asarray(o.indices, dtype=idx_dtype)
+
+        indptr = np.empty(M + 1, dtype=idx_dtype)
+        indices = np.empty(nnz, dtype=idx_dtype)
+        data = np.empty(nnz, dtype=upcast(self.dtype, other.dtype))
+
+        csr_matmat(M, N,
+                   s_indptr, s_indices, s.data,
+                   o_indptr, o_indices, o.data,
+                   indptr, indices, data)
+
+        if new_shape == ():
+            return np.array(data[0])
+        res = self.__class__((data, indices, indptr), shape=faux_shape)
+        if faux_shape != new_shape:
+            if res.format != 'csr':
+                res = res.tocsr()
+            res = res.reshape(new_shape)
+        return res
+
+    def diagonal(self, k=0):
+        M, N = self._swap(self.shape)
+        k, _ = self._swap((k, -k))
+
+        if k <= -M or k >= N:
+            return np.empty(0, dtype=self.data.dtype)
+        y = np.empty(min(M + min(k, 0), N - max(k, 0)), dtype=upcast(self.dtype))
+        csr_diagonal(k, M, N, self.indptr, self.indices, self.data, y)
+        return y
+
+    diagonal.__doc__ = _spbase.diagonal.__doc__
+
+    #####################
+    # Reduce operations #
+    #####################
+
+    def sum(self, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None):
+        """Sum the array/matrix over the given axis.  If the axis is None, sum
+        over both rows and columns, returning a scalar.
+        """
+        # The _spbase base class already does axis=None and major axis efficiently
+        # so we only do the case axis= minor axis
+        if (self.ndim == 2 and not hasattr(self, 'blocksize') and
+                axis in self._swap(((1, -1), (0, -2)))[0]):
+            # faster than multiplication for large minor axis in CSC/CSR
+            res_dtype = get_sum_dtype(self.dtype)
+            ret = np.zeros(len(self.indptr) - 1, dtype=res_dtype)
+
+            major_index, value = self._minor_reduce(np.add)
+            ret[major_index] = value
+            ret = self._ascontainer(ret)
+            if axis % 2 == 1:
+                ret = ret.T
+
+            return ret.sum(axis=(), dtype=dtype, out=out)
+        else:
+            return _spbase.sum(self, axis=axis, dtype=dtype, out=out)
+
+    sum.__doc__ = _spbase.sum.__doc__
+
+    def _minor_reduce(self, ufunc, data=None):
+        """Reduce nonzeros with a ufunc over the minor axis when non-empty
+
+        Can be applied to a function of self.data by supplying data parameter.
+
+        Warning: this does not call sum_duplicates()
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        major_index : array of ints
+            Major indices where nonzero
+
+        value : array of self.dtype
+            Reduce result for nonzeros in each major_index
+        """
+        if data is None:
+            data = self.data
+        major_index = np.flatnonzero(np.diff(self.indptr))
+        value = ufunc.reduceat(data,
+                               downcast_intp_index(self.indptr[major_index]))
+        return major_index, value
+
+    #######################
+    # Getting and Setting #
+    #######################
+
+    def _get_intXint(self, row, col):
+        M, N = self._swap(self.shape)
+        major, minor = self._swap((row, col))
+        indptr, indices, data = get_csr_submatrix(
+            M, N, self.indptr, self.indices, self.data,
+            major, major + 1, minor, minor + 1)
+        return data.sum(dtype=self.dtype)
+
+    def _get_sliceXslice(self, row, col):
+        major, minor = self._swap((row, col))
+        if major.step in (1, None) and minor.step in (1, None):
+            return self._get_submatrix(major, minor, copy=True)
+        return self._major_slice(major)._minor_slice(minor)
+
+    def _get_arrayXarray(self, row, col):
+        # inner indexing
+        idx_dtype = self.indices.dtype
+        M, N = self._swap(self.shape)
+        major, minor = self._swap((row, col))
+        major = np.asarray(major, dtype=idx_dtype)
+        minor = np.asarray(minor, dtype=idx_dtype)
+
+        val = np.empty(major.size, dtype=self.dtype)
+        csr_sample_values(M, N, self.indptr, self.indices, self.data,
+                          major.size, major.ravel(), minor.ravel(), val)
+        if major.ndim == 1:
+            return self._ascontainer(val)
+        return self.__class__(val.reshape(major.shape))
+
+    def _get_columnXarray(self, row, col):
+        # outer indexing
+        major, minor = self._swap((row, col))
+        return self._major_index_fancy(major)._minor_index_fancy(minor)
+
+    def _major_index_fancy(self, idx):
+        """Index along the major axis where idx is an array of ints.
+        """
+        idx_dtype = self._get_index_dtype((self.indptr, self.indices))
+        indices = np.asarray(idx, dtype=idx_dtype).ravel()
+
+        N = self._swap(self._shape_as_2d)[1]
+        M = len(indices)
+        new_shape = self._swap((M, N)) if self.ndim == 2 else (M,)
+        if M == 0:
+            return self.__class__(new_shape, dtype=self.dtype)
+
+        row_nnz = (self.indptr[indices + 1] - self.indptr[indices]).astype(idx_dtype)
+        res_indptr = np.zeros(M + 1, dtype=idx_dtype)
+        np.cumsum(row_nnz, out=res_indptr[1:])
+
+        nnz = res_indptr[-1]
+        res_indices = np.empty(nnz, dtype=idx_dtype)
+        res_data = np.empty(nnz, dtype=self.dtype)
+        csr_row_index(
+            M,
+            indices,
+            self.indptr.astype(idx_dtype, copy=False),
+            self.indices.astype(idx_dtype, copy=False),
+            self.data,
+            res_indices,
+            res_data
+        )
+
+        return self.__class__((res_data, res_indices, res_indptr),
+                              shape=new_shape, copy=False)
+
+    def _major_slice(self, idx, copy=False):
+        """Index along the major axis where idx is a slice object.
+        """
+        if idx == slice(None):
+            return self.copy() if copy else self
+
+        M, N = self._swap(self._shape_as_2d)
+        start, stop, step = idx.indices(M)
+        M = len(range(start, stop, step))
+        new_shape = self._swap((M, N)) if self.ndim == 2 else (M,)
+        if M == 0:
+            return self.__class__(new_shape, dtype=self.dtype)
+
+        # Work out what slices are needed for `row_nnz`
+        # start,stop can be -1, only if step is negative
+        start0, stop0 = start, stop
+        if stop == -1 and start >= 0:
+            stop0 = None
+        start1, stop1 = start + 1, stop + 1
+
+        row_nnz = self.indptr[start1:stop1:step] - \
+            self.indptr[start0:stop0:step]
+        idx_dtype = self.indices.dtype
+        res_indptr = np.zeros(M+1, dtype=idx_dtype)
+        np.cumsum(row_nnz, out=res_indptr[1:])
+
+        if step == 1:
+            all_idx = slice(self.indptr[start], self.indptr[stop])
+            res_indices = np.array(self.indices[all_idx], copy=copy)
+            res_data = np.array(self.data[all_idx], copy=copy)
+        else:
+            nnz = res_indptr[-1]
+            res_indices = np.empty(nnz, dtype=idx_dtype)
+            res_data = np.empty(nnz, dtype=self.dtype)
+            csr_row_slice(start, stop, step, self.indptr, self.indices,
+                          self.data, res_indices, res_data)
+
+        return self.__class__((res_data, res_indices, res_indptr),
+                              shape=new_shape, copy=False)
+
+    def _minor_index_fancy(self, idx):
+        """Index along the minor axis where idx is an array of ints.
+        """
+        idx_dtype = self._get_index_dtype((self.indices, self.indptr))
+        indices = self.indices.astype(idx_dtype, copy=False)
+        indptr = self.indptr.astype(idx_dtype, copy=False)
+
+        idx = np.asarray(idx, dtype=idx_dtype).ravel()
+
+        M, N = self._swap(self._shape_as_2d)
+        k = len(idx)
+        new_shape = self._swap((M, k)) if self.ndim == 2 else (k,)
+        if k == 0:
+            return self.__class__(new_shape, dtype=self.dtype)
+
+        # pass 1: count idx entries and compute new indptr
+        col_offsets = np.zeros(N, dtype=idx_dtype)
+        res_indptr = np.empty_like(self.indptr, dtype=idx_dtype)
+        csr_column_index1(
+            k,
+            idx,
+            M,
+            N,
+            indptr,
+            indices,
+            col_offsets,
+            res_indptr,
+        )
+
+        # pass 2: copy indices/data for selected idxs
+        col_order = np.argsort(idx).astype(idx_dtype, copy=False)
+        nnz = res_indptr[-1]
+        res_indices = np.empty(nnz, dtype=idx_dtype)
+        res_data = np.empty(nnz, dtype=self.dtype)
+        csr_column_index2(col_order, col_offsets, len(self.indices),
+                          indices, self.data, res_indices, res_data)
+        return self.__class__((res_data, res_indices, res_indptr),
+                              shape=new_shape, copy=False)
+
+    def _minor_slice(self, idx, copy=False):
+        """Index along the minor axis where idx is a slice object.
+        """
+        if idx == slice(None):
+            return self.copy() if copy else self
+
+        M, N = self._swap(self._shape_as_2d)
+        start, stop, step = idx.indices(N)
+        N = len(range(start, stop, step))
+        if N == 0:
+            return self.__class__(self._swap((M, N)), dtype=self.dtype)
+        if step == 1:
+            return self._get_submatrix(minor=idx, copy=copy)
+        # TODO: don't fall back to fancy indexing here
+        return self._minor_index_fancy(np.arange(start, stop, step))
+
+    def _get_submatrix(self, major=None, minor=None, copy=False):
+        """Return a submatrix of this matrix.
+
+        major, minor: None, int, or slice with step 1
+        """
+        M, N = self._swap(self._shape_as_2d)
+        i0, i1 = _process_slice(major, M)
+        j0, j1 = _process_slice(minor, N)
+
+        if i0 == 0 and j0 == 0 and i1 == M and j1 == N:
+            return self.copy() if copy else self
+
+        indptr, indices, data = get_csr_submatrix(
+            M, N, self.indptr, self.indices, self.data, i0, i1, j0, j1)
+
+        shape = self._swap((i1 - i0, j1 - j0))
+        if self.ndim == 1:
+            shape = (shape[1],)
+        return self.__class__((data, indices, indptr), shape=shape,
+                              dtype=self.dtype, copy=False)
+
+    def _set_intXint(self, row, col, x):
+        i, j = self._swap((row, col))
+        self._set_many(i, j, x)
+
+    def _set_arrayXarray(self, row, col, x):
+        i, j = self._swap((row, col))
+        self._set_many(i, j, x)
+
+    def _set_arrayXarray_sparse(self, row, col, x):
+        # clear entries that will be overwritten
+        self._zero_many(*self._swap((row, col)))
+
+        M, N = row.shape  # matches col.shape
+        broadcast_row = M != 1 and x.shape[0] == 1
+        broadcast_col = N != 1 and x.shape[1] == 1
+        r, c = x.row, x.col
+
+        x = np.asarray(x.data, dtype=self.dtype)
+        if x.size == 0:
+            return
+
+        if broadcast_row:
+            r = np.repeat(np.arange(M), len(r))
+            c = np.tile(c, M)
+            x = np.tile(x, M)
+        if broadcast_col:
+            r = np.repeat(r, N)
+            c = np.tile(np.arange(N), len(c))
+            x = np.repeat(x, N)
+        # only assign entries in the new sparsity structure
+        i, j = self._swap((row[r, c], col[r, c]))
+        self._set_many(i, j, x)
+
+    def _setdiag(self, values, k):
+        if 0 in self.shape:
+            return
+        if self.ndim == 1:
+            raise NotImplementedError('diagonals cant be set in 1d arrays')
+
+        M, N = self.shape
+        broadcast = (values.ndim == 0)
+
+        if k < 0:
+            if broadcast:
+                max_index = min(M + k, N)
+            else:
+                max_index = min(M + k, N, len(values))
+            i = np.arange(-k, max_index - k, dtype=self.indices.dtype)
+            j = np.arange(max_index, dtype=self.indices.dtype)
+
+        else:
+            if broadcast:
+                max_index = min(M, N - k)
+            else:
+                max_index = min(M, N - k, len(values))
+            i = np.arange(max_index, dtype=self.indices.dtype)
+            j = np.arange(k, k + max_index, dtype=self.indices.dtype)
+
+        if not broadcast:
+            values = values[:len(i)]
+
+        x = np.atleast_1d(np.asarray(values, dtype=self.dtype)).ravel()
+        if x.squeeze().shape != i.squeeze().shape:
+            x = np.broadcast_to(x, i.shape)
+        if x.size == 0:
+            return
+
+        M, N = self._swap((M, N))
+        i, j = self._swap((i, j))
+        n_samples = x.size
+        offsets = np.empty(n_samples, dtype=self.indices.dtype)
+        ret = csr_sample_offsets(M, N, self.indptr, self.indices, n_samples,
+                                 i, j, offsets)
+        if ret == 1:
+            # rinse and repeat
+            self.sum_duplicates()
+            csr_sample_offsets(M, N, self.indptr, self.indices, n_samples,
+                               i, j, offsets)
+        if -1 not in offsets:
+            # only affects existing non-zero cells
+            self.data[offsets] = x
+            return
+
+        mask = (offsets >= 0)
+        # Boundary between csc and convert to coo
+        # The value 0.001 is justified in gh-19962#issuecomment-1920499678
+        if self.nnz - mask.sum() < self.nnz * 0.001:
+            # replace existing entries
+            self.data[offsets[mask]] = x[mask]
+            # create new entries
+            mask = ~mask
+            i = i[mask]
+            j = j[mask]
+            self._insert_many(i, j, x[mask])
+        else:
+            # convert to coo for _set_diag
+            coo = self.tocoo()
+            coo._setdiag(values, k)
+            arrays = coo._coo_to_compressed(self._swap)
+            self.indptr, self.indices, self.data, _ = arrays
+
+    def _prepare_indices(self, i, j):
+        M, N = self._swap(self._shape_as_2d)
+
+        def check_bounds(indices, bound):
+            idx = indices.max()
+            if idx >= bound:
+                raise IndexError(f'index ({idx}) out of range (>= {bound})')
+            idx = indices.min()
+            if idx < -bound:
+                raise IndexError(f'index ({idx}) out of range (< -{bound})')
+
+        i = np.atleast_1d(np.asarray(i, dtype=self.indices.dtype)).ravel()
+        j = np.atleast_1d(np.asarray(j, dtype=self.indices.dtype)).ravel()
+        check_bounds(i, M)
+        check_bounds(j, N)
+        return i, j, M, N
+
+    def _set_many(self, i, j, x):
+        """Sets value at each (i, j) to x
+
+        Here (i,j) index major and minor respectively, and must not contain
+        duplicate entries.
+        """
+        i, j, M, N = self._prepare_indices(i, j)
+        x = np.atleast_1d(np.asarray(x, dtype=self.dtype)).ravel()
+
+        n_samples = x.size
+        offsets = np.empty(n_samples, dtype=self.indices.dtype)
+        ret = csr_sample_offsets(M, N, self.indptr, self.indices, n_samples,
+                                 i, j, offsets)
+        if ret == 1:
+            # rinse and repeat
+            self.sum_duplicates()
+            csr_sample_offsets(M, N, self.indptr, self.indices, n_samples,
+                               i, j, offsets)
+
+        if -1 not in offsets:
+            # only affects existing non-zero cells
+            self.data[offsets] = x
+            return
+
+        else:
+            warn(f"Changing the sparsity structure of a {self.__class__.__name__} is"
+                 " expensive. lil and dok are more efficient.",
+                 SparseEfficiencyWarning, stacklevel=3)
+            # replace where possible
+            mask = offsets > -1
+            self.data[offsets[mask]] = x[mask]
+            # only insertions remain
+            mask = ~mask
+            i = i[mask]
+            i[i < 0] += M
+            j = j[mask]
+            j[j < 0] += N
+            self._insert_many(i, j, x[mask])
+
+    def _zero_many(self, i, j):
+        """Sets value at each (i, j) to zero, preserving sparsity structure.
+
+        Here (i,j) index major and minor respectively.
+        """
+        i, j, M, N = self._prepare_indices(i, j)
+
+        n_samples = len(i)
+        offsets = np.empty(n_samples, dtype=self.indices.dtype)
+        ret = csr_sample_offsets(M, N, self.indptr, self.indices, n_samples,
+                                 i, j, offsets)
+        if ret == 1:
+            # rinse and repeat
+            self.sum_duplicates()
+            csr_sample_offsets(M, N, self.indptr, self.indices, n_samples,
+                               i, j, offsets)
+
+        # only assign zeros to the existing sparsity structure
+        self.data[offsets[offsets > -1]] = 0
+
+    def _insert_many(self, i, j, x):
+        """Inserts new nonzero at each (i, j) with value x
+
+        Here (i,j) index major and minor respectively.
+        i, j and x must be non-empty, 1d arrays.
+        Inserts each major group (e.g. all entries per row) at a time.
+        Maintains has_sorted_indices property.
+        Modifies i, j, x in place.
+        """
+        order = np.argsort(i, kind='mergesort')  # stable for duplicates
+        i = i.take(order, mode='clip')
+        j = j.take(order, mode='clip')
+        x = x.take(order, mode='clip')
+
+        do_sort = self.has_sorted_indices
+
+        # Update index data type
+        idx_dtype = self._get_index_dtype((self.indices, self.indptr),
+                                    maxval=(self.indptr[-1] + x.size))
+        self.indptr = np.asarray(self.indptr, dtype=idx_dtype)
+        self.indices = np.asarray(self.indices, dtype=idx_dtype)
+        i = np.asarray(i, dtype=idx_dtype)
+        j = np.asarray(j, dtype=idx_dtype)
+
+        # Collate old and new in chunks by major index
+        indices_parts = []
+        data_parts = []
+        ui, ui_indptr = np.unique(i, return_index=True)
+        ui_indptr = np.append(ui_indptr, len(j))
+        new_nnzs = np.diff(ui_indptr)
+        prev = 0
+        for c, (ii, js, je) in enumerate(zip(ui, ui_indptr, ui_indptr[1:])):
+            # old entries
+            start = self.indptr[prev]
+            stop = self.indptr[ii]
+            indices_parts.append(self.indices[start:stop])
+            data_parts.append(self.data[start:stop])
+
+            # handle duplicate j: keep last setting
+            uj, uj_indptr = np.unique(j[js:je][::-1], return_index=True)
+            if len(uj) == je - js:
+                indices_parts.append(j[js:je])
+                data_parts.append(x[js:je])
+            else:
+                indices_parts.append(j[js:je][::-1][uj_indptr])
+                data_parts.append(x[js:je][::-1][uj_indptr])
+                new_nnzs[c] = len(uj)
+
+            prev = ii
+
+        # remaining old entries
+        start = self.indptr[ii]
+        indices_parts.append(self.indices[start:])
+        data_parts.append(self.data[start:])
+
+        # update attributes
+        self.indices = np.concatenate(indices_parts)
+        self.data = np.concatenate(data_parts)
+        nnzs = np.empty(self.indptr.shape, dtype=idx_dtype)
+        nnzs[0] = idx_dtype(0)
+        indptr_diff = np.diff(self.indptr)
+        indptr_diff[ui] += new_nnzs
+        nnzs[1:] = indptr_diff
+        self.indptr = np.cumsum(nnzs, out=nnzs)
+
+        if do_sort:
+            # TODO: only sort where necessary
+            self.has_sorted_indices = False
+            self.sort_indices()
+
+        self.check_format(full_check=False)
+
+    ######################
+    # Conversion methods #
+    ######################
+
+    def tocoo(self, copy=True):
+        if self.ndim == 1:
+            csr = self.tocsr()
+            return self._coo_container((csr.data, (csr.indices,)), csr.shape, copy=copy)
+        major_dim, minor_dim = self._swap(self.shape)
+        minor_indices = self.indices
+        major_indices = np.empty(len(minor_indices), dtype=self.indices.dtype)
+        expandptr(major_dim, self.indptr, major_indices)
+        coords = self._swap((major_indices, minor_indices))
+
+        return self._coo_container(
+            (self.data, coords), self.shape, copy=copy, dtype=self.dtype
+        )
+
+    tocoo.__doc__ = _spbase.tocoo.__doc__
+
+    def toarray(self, order=None, out=None):
+        if out is None and order is None:
+            order = self._swap('cf')[0]
+        out = self._process_toarray_args(order, out)
+        if not (out.flags.c_contiguous or out.flags.f_contiguous):
+            raise ValueError('Output array must be C or F contiguous')
+        # align ideal order with output array order
+        if out.flags.c_contiguous:
+            x = self.tocsr()
+            y = out
+        else:
+            x = self.tocsc()
+            y = out.T
+        M, N = x._swap(x._shape_as_2d)
+        csr_todense(M, N, x.indptr, x.indices, x.data, y)
+        return out
+
+    toarray.__doc__ = _spbase.toarray.__doc__
+
+    ##############################################################
+    # methods that examine or modify the internal data structure #
+    ##############################################################
+
+    def eliminate_zeros(self):
+        """Remove zero entries from the array/matrix
+
+        This is an *in place* operation.
+        """
+        M, N = self._swap(self._shape_as_2d)
+        csr_eliminate_zeros(M, N, self.indptr, self.indices, self.data)
+        self.prune()  # nnz may have changed
+
+    @property
+    def has_canonical_format(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether the array/matrix has sorted indices and no duplicates
+
+        Returns
+            - True: if the above applies
+            - False: otherwise
+
+        has_canonical_format implies has_sorted_indices, so if the latter flag
+        is False, so will the former be; if the former is found True, the
+        latter flag is also set.
+        """
+        # first check to see if result was cached
+        if not getattr(self, '_has_sorted_indices', True):
+            # not sorted => not canonical
+            self._has_canonical_format = False
+        elif not hasattr(self, '_has_canonical_format'):
+            M = len(self.indptr) - 1
+            self.has_canonical_format = bool(
+                csr_has_canonical_format(M, self.indptr, self.indices)
+            )
+        return self._has_canonical_format
+
+    @has_canonical_format.setter
+    def has_canonical_format(self, val: bool):
+        self._has_canonical_format = bool(val)
+        if val:
+            self.has_sorted_indices = True
+
+    def sum_duplicates(self):
+        """Eliminate duplicate entries by adding them together
+
+        This is an *in place* operation.
+        """
+        if self.has_canonical_format:
+            return
+        self.sort_indices()
+
+        M, N = self._swap(self._shape_as_2d)
+        csr_sum_duplicates(M, N, self.indptr, self.indices, self.data)
+
+        self.prune()  # nnz may have changed
+        self.has_canonical_format = True
+
+    @property
+    def has_sorted_indices(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether the indices are sorted
+
+        Returns
+            - True: if the indices of the array/matrix are in sorted order
+            - False: otherwise
+        """
+        # first check to see if result was cached
+        if not hasattr(self, '_has_sorted_indices'):
+            M = len(self.indptr) - 1
+            self._has_sorted_indices = bool(
+                csr_has_sorted_indices(M, self.indptr, self.indices)
+            )
+        return self._has_sorted_indices
+
+    @has_sorted_indices.setter
+    def has_sorted_indices(self, val: bool):
+        self._has_sorted_indices = bool(val)
+
+
+    def sorted_indices(self):
+        """Return a copy of this array/matrix with sorted indices
+        """
+        A = self.copy()
+        A.sort_indices()
+        return A
+
+        # an alternative that has linear complexity is the following
+        # although the previous option is typically faster
+        # return self.toother().toother()
+
+    def sort_indices(self):
+        """Sort the indices of this array/matrix *in place*
+        """
+        if not self.has_sorted_indices:
+            M = len(self.indptr) - 1
+            csr_sort_indices(M, self.indptr, self.indices, self.data)
+            self.has_sorted_indices = True
+
+    def prune(self):
+        """Remove empty space after all non-zero elements.
+        """
+        major_dim = self._swap(self._shape_as_2d)[0]
+
+        if len(self.indptr) != major_dim + 1:
+            raise ValueError('index pointer has invalid length')
+        if len(self.indices) < self.nnz:
+            raise ValueError('indices array has fewer than nnz elements')
+        if len(self.data) < self.nnz:
+            raise ValueError('data array has fewer than nnz elements')
+
+        self.indices = _prune_array(self.indices[:self.nnz])
+        self.data = _prune_array(self.data[:self.nnz])
+
+    def resize(self, *shape):
+        shape = check_shape(shape, allow_nd=self._allow_nd)
+
+        if hasattr(self, 'blocksize'):
+            bm, bn = self.blocksize
+            new_M, rm = divmod(shape[0], bm)
+            new_N, rn = divmod(shape[1], bn)
+            if rm or rn:
+                raise ValueError(f"shape must be divisible into {self.blocksize}"
+                                 f" blocks. Got {shape}")
+            M, N = self.shape[0] // bm, self.shape[1] // bn
+        else:
+            new_M, new_N = self._swap(shape if len(shape)>1 else (1, shape[0]))
+            M, N = self._swap(self._shape_as_2d)
+
+        if new_M < M:
+            self.indices = self.indices[:self.indptr[new_M]]
+            self.data = self.data[:self.indptr[new_M]]
+            self.indptr = self.indptr[:new_M + 1]
+        elif new_M > M:
+            self.indptr = np.resize(self.indptr, new_M + 1)
+            self.indptr[M + 1:].fill(self.indptr[M])
+
+        if new_N < N:
+            mask = self.indices < new_N
+            if not np.all(mask):
+                self.indices = self.indices[mask]
+                self.data = self.data[mask]
+                major_index, val = self._minor_reduce(np.add, mask)
+                self.indptr.fill(0)
+                self.indptr[1:][major_index] = val
+                np.cumsum(self.indptr, out=self.indptr)
+
+        self._shape = shape
+
+    resize.__doc__ = _spbase.resize.__doc__
+
+    ###################
+    # utility methods #
+    ###################
+
+    # needed by _data_matrix
+    def _with_data(self, data, copy=True):
+        """Returns a matrix with the same sparsity structure as self,
+        but with different data.  By default the structure arrays
+        (i.e. .indptr and .indices) are copied.
+        """
+        if copy:
+            return self.__class__((data, self.indices.copy(),
+                                   self.indptr.copy()),
+                                  shape=self.shape,
+                                  dtype=data.dtype)
+        else:
+            return self.__class__((data, self.indices, self.indptr),
+                                  shape=self.shape, dtype=data.dtype)
+
+    def _binopt(self, other, op):
+        """apply the binary operation fn to two sparse matrices."""
+        other = self.__class__(other)
+
+        # e.g. csr_plus_csr, csr_minus_csr, etc.
+        fn = getattr(_sparsetools, "csr" + op + "csr")
+
+        maxnnz = self.nnz + other.nnz
+        idx_dtype = self._get_index_dtype((self.indptr, self.indices,
+                                     other.indptr, other.indices),
+                                    maxval=maxnnz)
+        indptr = np.empty(self.indptr.shape, dtype=idx_dtype)
+        indices = np.empty(maxnnz, dtype=idx_dtype)
+
+        bool_ops = ['_ne_', '_lt_', '_gt_', '_le_', '_ge_']
+        if op in bool_ops:
+            data = np.empty(maxnnz, dtype=np.bool_)
+        else:
+            data = np.empty(maxnnz, dtype=upcast(self.dtype, other.dtype))
+
+        M, N = self._swap(self._shape_as_2d)
+        fn(M, N,
+           np.asarray(self.indptr, dtype=idx_dtype),
+           np.asarray(self.indices, dtype=idx_dtype),
+           self.data,
+           np.asarray(other.indptr, dtype=idx_dtype),
+           np.asarray(other.indices, dtype=idx_dtype),
+           other.data,
+           indptr, indices, data)
+
+        A = self.__class__((data, indices, indptr), shape=self.shape)
+        A.prune()
+
+        return A
+
+    def _divide_sparse(self, other):
+        """
+        Divide this matrix by a second sparse matrix.
+        """
+        if other.shape != self.shape:
+            raise ValueError(f"inconsistent shapes {self.shape} and {other.shape}")
+
+        r = self._binopt(other, '_eldiv_')
+
+        if np.issubdtype(r.dtype, np.inexact):
+            # Eldiv leaves entries outside the combined sparsity
+            # pattern empty, so they must be filled manually.
+            # Everything outside of other's sparsity is NaN, and everything
+            # inside it is either zero or defined by eldiv.
+            out = np.empty(self.shape, dtype=self.dtype)
+            out.fill(np.nan)
+            coords = other.nonzero()
+            if self.ndim == 1:
+                coords = (coords[-1],)
+            out[coords] = 0
+            r = r.tocoo()
+            out[r.coords] = r.data
+            return self._container(out)
+        else:
+            # integers types go with nan <-> 0
+            out = r
+            return out
+
+    def _broadcast_to(self, shape, copy=False):
+        if self.shape == shape:
+            return self.copy() if copy else self
+
+        shape = check_shape(shape, allow_nd=(self._allow_nd))
+
+        if broadcast_shapes(self.shape, shape) != shape:
+            raise ValueError("cannot be broadcast")
+
+        if len(self.shape) == 1 and len(shape) == 1:
+            self.sum_duplicates()
+            if self.nnz == 0: # array has no non zero elements
+                return self.__class__(shape, dtype=self.dtype, copy=False)
+
+            N = shape[0]
+            data = np.full(N, self.data[0])
+            indices = np.arange(0,N)
+            indptr = np.array([0, N])
+            return self._csr_container((data, indices, indptr), shape=shape, copy=False)
+
+        # treat 1D as a 2D row
+        old_shape = self._shape_as_2d
+
+        if len(shape) != 2:
+            ndim = len(shape)
+            raise ValueError(f'CSR/CSC broadcast_to cannot have shape >2D. Got {ndim}D')
+
+        if self.nnz == 0: # array has no non zero elements
+            return self.__class__(shape, dtype=self.dtype, copy=False)
+
+        self.sum_duplicates()
+        M, N = self._swap(shape)
+        oM, oN = self._swap(old_shape)
+        if all(s == 1 for s in old_shape):
+            # Broadcast a single element to the entire shape
+            data = np.full(M * N, self.data[0])
+            indices = np.tile(np.arange(N), M)
+            indptr = np.arange(0, len(data) + 1, N)
+        elif oM == 1 and oN == N:
+            # Broadcast row-wise (columns for CSC)
+            data = np.tile(self.data, M)
+            indices = np.tile(self.indices, M)
+            indptr = np.arange(0, len(data) + 1, len(self.data))
+        elif oN == 1 and oM == M:
+            # Broadcast column-wise (rows for CSC)
+            data = np.repeat(self.data, N)
+            indices = np.tile(np.arange(N), len(self.data))
+            indptr = self.indptr * N
+        return self.__class__((data, indices, indptr), shape=shape, copy=False)
+
+
+def _make_diagonal_csr(data, is_array=False):
+    """build diagonal csc_array/csr_array => self._csr_container
+
+    Parameter `data` should be a raveled numpy array holding the
+    values on the diagonal of the resulting sparse matrix.
+    """
+    from ._csr import csr_array, csr_matrix
+    csr_array = csr_array if is_array else csr_matrix
+
+    N = len(data)
+    idx_dtype = get_index_dtype(maxval=N)
+    indptr = np.arange(N + 1, dtype=idx_dtype)
+    indices = indptr[:-1]
+
+    return csr_array((data, indices, indptr), shape=(N, N))
+
+
+def _process_slice(sl, num):
+    if sl is None:
+        i0, i1 = 0, num
+    elif isinstance(sl, slice):
+        i0, i1, stride = sl.indices(num)
+        if stride != 1:
+            raise ValueError('slicing with step != 1 not supported')
+        i0 = min(i0, i1)  # give an empty slice when i0 > i1
+    elif isintlike(sl):
+        if sl < 0:
+            sl += num
+        i0, i1 = sl, sl + 1
+        if i0 < 0 or i1 > num:
+            raise IndexError(f'index out of bounds: 0 <= {i0} < {i1} <= {num}')
+    else:
+        raise TypeError('expected slice or scalar')
+
+    return i0, i1