passagemath-symbolics 10.6.37__cp314-cp314t-macosx_13_0_arm64.whl

sage/manifolds/section.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3111 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-symbolics
+r"""
+Sections
+
+The class :class:`~sage.manifolds.section.Section` implements sections on vector
+bundles. The derived class :class:`~sage.manifolds.section.TrivialSection`
+is devoted to sections on trivial parts of a vector bundle.
+
+AUTHORS:
+
+- Michael Jung (2019): initial version
+"""
+
+#******************************************************************************
+#       Copyright (C) 2015 Eric Gourgoulhon <eric.gourgoulhon@obspm.fr>
+#       Copyright (C) 2019 Michael Jung <micjung@uni-potsdam.de>
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL)
+#  as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
+#  the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#                  http://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+#******************************************************************************
+from sage.rings.integer import Integer
+from sage.rings.integer_ring import ZZ
+from sage.structure.element import ModuleElementWithMutability
+from sage.tensor.modules.free_module_element import FiniteRankFreeModuleElement
+from sage.tensor.modules.tensor_with_indices import TensorWithIndices
+
+
+class Section(ModuleElementWithMutability):
+    r"""
+    Section in a vector bundle.
+
+    An instance of this class is a section in a vector bundle `E \to M` of class
+    `C^k`, where `E|_U` is not manifestly trivial. More precisely, a
+    *(local) section* on a subset `U \in M` is a map of class `C^k`
+
+    .. MATH::
+
+        s: U \longrightarrow E
+
+    such that
+
+    .. MATH::
+
+        \forall p \in U,\ s(p) \in E_p
+
+    where `E_p` denotes the vector bundle fiber of `E` over the point `p \in U`.
+
+    If `E|_U` is trivial, the class
+    :class:`~sage.manifolds.section.TrivialSection` should be used instead.
+
+    This is a Sage *element* class, the corresponding *parent* class being
+    :class:`~sage.manifolds.section_module.SectionModule`.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``section_module`` -- module `C^k(U;E)` of sections on `E` over `U`
+      (cf. :class:`~sage.manifolds.section_module.SectionModule`)
+    - ``name`` -- (default: ``None``) name given to the section
+    - ``latex_name`` -- (default: ``None``) LaTeX symbol to denote the section;
+      if none is provided, the LaTeX symbol is set to ``name``
+
+    EXAMPLES:
+
+    A section on a non-trivial rank 2 vector bundle over a non-trivial
+    2-manifold::
+
+        sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M', structure='top')
+        sage: U = M.open_subset('U') ; V = M.open_subset('V')
+        sage: M.declare_union(U,V)   # M is the union of U and V
+        sage: c_xy.<x,y> = U.chart() ; c_uv.<u,v> = V.chart()
+        sage: xy_to_uv = c_xy.transition_map(c_uv, (x+y, x-y),
+        ....:                    intersection_name='W', restrictions1= x>0,
+        ....:                    restrictions2= u+v>0)
+        sage: uv_to_xy = xy_to_uv.inverse()
+        sage: W = U.intersection(V)
+        sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E') # define the vector bundle
+        sage: phi_U = E.trivialization('phi_U', domain=U) # define trivializations
+        sage: phi_V = E.trivialization('phi_V', domain=V)
+        sage: transf = phi_U.transition_map(phi_V, [[0,x],[x,0]]) # transition map between trivializations
+        sage: fU = phi_U.frame(); fV = phi_V.frame() # define induced frames
+        sage: s = E.section(name='s'); s
+        Section s on the 2-dimensional topological manifold M with values in the
+         real vector bundle E of rank 2
+
+    The parent of `s` is not a free module, since `E` is not trivial::
+
+        sage: isinstance(s.parent(), FiniteRankFreeModule)
+        False
+
+    To fully define `s`, we have to specify its components in some local
+    frames defined on the trivial parts of `E`. The components consist of
+    scalar fields defined on the corresponding domain. Let us start with
+    `E|_U`::
+
+        sage: s[fU,:] = [x^2, 1-y]
+        sage: s.display(fU)
+        s = x^2 (phi_U^*e_1) + (-y + 1) (phi_U^*e_2)
+
+    To set the components of `s` on `V` consistently, we copy the expressions
+    of the components in the common subset `W`::
+
+        sage: fUW = fU.restrict(W); fVW = fV.restrict(W)
+        sage: c_uvW = c_uv.restrict(W)
+        sage: s[fV,0] = s[fVW,0,c_uvW].expr()  # long time
+        sage: s[fV,1] = s[fVW,1,c_uvW].expr()  # long time
+
+    Actually, the operation above can be performed in a single line by means
+    of the method :meth:`add_comp_by_continuation`::
+
+        sage: s.add_comp_by_continuation(fV, W, chart=c_uv)
+
+    At this stage, `s` is fully defined, having components in frames ``fU``
+    and ``fV`` and the union of the domains of ``fU`` and ``fV`` being the
+    whole manifold::
+
+        sage: s.display(fV)
+        s = (-1/4*u^2 + 1/4*v^2 + 1/2*u + 1/2*v) (phi_V^*e_1)
+            + (1/8*u^3 + 3/8*u^2*v + 3/8*u*v^2 + 1/8*v^3) (phi_V^*e_2)
+
+    Sections can be pointwisely added::
+
+        sage: t = E.section([x,y], frame=fU, name='t'); t
+        Section t on the 2-dimensional topological manifold M with values in the
+         real vector bundle E of rank 2
+        sage: t.add_comp_by_continuation(fV, W, chart=c_uv)
+        sage: t.display(fV)
+        t = (1/4*u^2 - 1/4*v^2) (phi_V^*e_1) + (1/4*u^2 + 1/2*u*v + 1/4*v^2) (phi_V^*e_2)
+        sage: a = s + t; a
+        Section s+t on the 2-dimensional topological manifold M with values
+         in the real vector bundle E of rank 2
+        sage: a.display(fU)
+        s+t = (x^2 + x) (phi_U^*e_1) + (phi_U^*e_2)
+        sage: a.display(fV)
+        s+t = (1/2*u + 1/2*v) (phi_V^*e_1) + (1/8*u^3 + 1/8*(3*u + 2)*v^2
+              + 1/8*v^3 + 1/4*u^2 + 1/8*(3*u^2 + 4*u)*v) (phi_V^*e_2)
+
+    and multiplied by scalar fields::
+
+        sage: f = M.scalar_field(y^2-x^2, name='f')
+        sage: f.add_expr_by_continuation(c_uv, W)
+        sage: f.display()
+        f: M → ℝ
+        on U: (x, y) ↦ -x^2 + y^2
+        on V: (u, v) ↦ -u*v
+        sage: b = f*s; b
+        Section f*s on the 2-dimensional topological manifold M with values
+         in the real vector bundle E of rank 2
+        sage: b.display(fU)
+        f*s = (-x^4 + x^2*y^2) (phi_U^*e_1) + (x^2*y - y^3 - x^2 + y^2) (phi_U^*e_2)
+        sage: b.display(fV)
+        f*s = (-1/4*u*v^3 - 1/2*u*v^2 + 1/4*(u^3 - 2*u^2)*v) (phi_V^*e_1)
+              + (-1/8*u^4*v - 3/8*u^3*v^2 - 3/8*u^2*v^3 - 1/8*u*v^4) (phi_V^*e_2)
+
+    The domain on which the section should be defined, can be stated via the
+    ``domain`` option in :meth:`~sage.manifolds.vector_bundle.TopologicalVectorBundle.section`::
+
+        sage: cU = E.section([1,x], domain=U, name='c'); cU
+        Section c on the Open subset U of the 2-dimensional topological manifold
+         M with values in the real vector bundle E of rank 2
+        sage: cU.display()
+        c = (phi_U^*e_1) + x (phi_U^*e_2)
+
+    Since `E|_U` is trivial, ``cU`` now belongs to the free module::
+
+        sage: isinstance(cU.parent(), FiniteRankFreeModule)
+        True
+
+    Omitting the ``domain`` option, the section is defined on the whole base
+    space::
+
+        sage: c = E.section(name='c'); c
+        Section c on the 2-dimensional topological manifold M with values in the
+         real vector bundle E of rank 2
+
+    Via :meth:`set_restriction`, ``cU`` can be defined as the restriction of
+    ``c`` to `U`::
+
+        sage: c.set_restriction(cU)
+        sage: c.display(fU)
+        c = (phi_U^*e_1) + x (phi_U^*e_2)
+        sage: c.restrict(U) == cU
+        True
+
+    Notice that the zero section is immutable, and therefore its components
+    cannot be changed::
+
+        sage: zer = E.section_module().zero()
+        sage: zer.is_immutable()
+        True
+        sage: zer.set_comp()
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: the components of an immutable element cannot be
+         changed
+
+    Other sections can be declared immutable, too::
+
+        sage: c.is_immutable()
+        False
+        sage: c.set_immutable()
+        sage: c.is_immutable()
+        True
+        sage: c.set_comp()
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: the components of an immutable element cannot be
+         changed
+        sage: c.set_name('b')
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: the name of an immutable element cannot be changed
+    """
+    def __init__(self, section_module, name=None, latex_name=None):
+        r"""
+        Construct a local section.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(1, 'S^1', structure='top', start_index=1)
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U')  # the complement of one point
+            sage: c_t.<t> =  U.chart('t:(0,2*pi)') # the standard angle coordinate
+            sage: V = M.open_subset('V') # the complement of the point t=pi
+            sage: M.declare_union(U,V)   # S^1 is the union of U and V
+            sage: c_u.<u> = V.chart('u:(0,2*pi)') # the angle t-pi
+            sage: t_to_u = c_t.transition_map(c_u, (t-pi,), intersection_name='W',
+            ....:                     restrictions1 = t!=pi, restrictions2 = u!=pi)
+            sage: u_to_t = t_to_u.inverse()
+            sage: W = U.intersection(V)
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(1, 'E')
+            sage: phi_U = E.trivialization('phi_U', domain=U)
+            sage: phi_V = E.trivialization('phi_V', domain=V)
+            sage: transf = phi_U.transition_map(phi_V, [[-1]])
+            sage: C0 = E.section_module()
+            sage: s = E.section([t], frame=phi_U.frame(), name='s')
+            sage: s.add_comp_by_continuation(phi_V.frame(), W)
+            sage: s in C0
+            True
+            sage: TestSuite(s).run()
+        """
+        ModuleElementWithMutability.__init__(self, section_module)
+        self._smodule = section_module
+        self._domain = section_module.domain()
+        self._base_space = section_module.base_space()
+        self._vbundle = section_module.vector_bundle()
+        self._is_zero = False  # a priori
+        self._name = name
+        if latex_name is None:
+            self._latex_name = self._name
+        else:
+            self._latex_name = latex_name
+        self._init_derived()
+
+    ####### Required methods for ModuleElement (beside arithmetic) #######
+
+    def __bool__(self):
+        r"""
+        Return ``True`` if ``self`` is nonzero and ``False`` otherwise.
+
+        This method is called by :meth:`is_zero`.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(3, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: X.<x,y,z> = M.chart()
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U'); V = M.open_subset('V')
+            sage: M.declare_union(U,V)
+            sage: XU = X.restrict(U); XV = X.restrict(V)
+            sage: XUV = X.restrict(U.intersection(V))
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: e = E.local_frame('e', domain=U)
+            sage: f = E.local_frame('f', domain=V)
+            sage: s = E.section(name='s')
+            sage: su = E.section(name='s', domain=U)
+            sage: sv = E.section(name='s', domain=V)
+            sage: su[0] = 0
+            sage: sv[0] = 0
+            sage: s.set_restriction(su); s.set_restriction(sv)
+            sage: bool(s)
+            False
+            sage: s.is_zero()  # indirect doctest
+            True
+            sage: sv[0] = 1
+            sage: s.set_restriction(sv)
+            sage: bool(s)
+            True
+            sage: s.is_zero()  # indirect doctest
+            False
+        """
+        if self._is_zero:
+            return False
+        if any(bool(rst) for rst in self._restrictions.values()):
+            self._is_zero = False
+            return True
+        self._is_zero = True
+        return False
+
+    ##### End of required methods for ModuleElement (beside arithmetic) #####
+
+    def _repr_(self):
+        r"""
+        Return a string representation of ``self``.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(3, 'M')
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: s = E.section(name='s')
+            sage: s._repr_()
+            'Section s on the 3-dimensional differentiable manifold M with
+             values in the real vector bundle E of rank 2'
+            sage: repr(s) # indirect doctest
+            'Section s on the 3-dimensional differentiable manifold M with
+             values in the real vector bundle E of rank 2'
+            sage: s # indirect doctest
+            Section s on the 3-dimensional differentiable manifold M with values
+             in the real vector bundle E of rank 2
+        """
+        desc = "Section "
+        if self._name is not None:
+            desc += self._name + " "
+        desc += "on the {} ".format(self._domain)
+        desc += "with values in the " + self._vbundle.base_field_type() + " "
+        desc += "vector bundle " + self._vbundle._name + " "
+        desc += "of rank {}".format(self._vbundle.rank())
+        return desc
+
+    def _latex_(self):
+        r"""
+        LaTeX representation of ``self``.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(3, 'M')
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: sigma = E.section(name='sigma', latex_name=r'\sigma')
+            sage: sigma._latex_()
+            '\\sigma'
+            sage: latex(sigma) # indirect doctest
+            \sigma
+        """
+        if self._latex_name is None:
+            return r'\text{' + str(self) + r'}'
+        else:
+            return self._latex_name
+
+    def _init_derived(self):
+        r"""
+        Initialize the derived quantities.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: s = E.section(name='s')
+            sage: s._init_derived()
+        """
+        self._restrictions = {} # dict. of restrictions of self on subdomains
+                                # of self._domain, with the subdomains as keys
+        self._extensions_graph = {self._domain: self}
+        self._restrictions_graph = {self._domain: self}
+
+    def _del_derived(self, del_restrictions=False):
+        r"""
+        Delete the derived quantities.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: s = E.section(name='s')
+            sage: s._del_derived()
+        """
+        if del_restrictions:
+            self._restrictions.clear()
+            self._extensions_graph = {self._domain: self}
+            self._restrictions_graph = {self._domain: self}
+
+    def set_name(self, name=None, latex_name=None):
+        r"""
+        Set (or change) the text name and LaTeX name of ``self``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``name`` -- string (default: ``None``); name given to the section
+        - ``latex_name`` -- string (default: ``None``); LaTeX symbol to denote
+          the section; if ``None`` while ``name`` is provided, the LaTeX
+          symbol is set to ``name``
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(3, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: s = E.section(); s
+            Section on the 3-dimensional topological manifold M with values in
+             the real vector bundle E of rank 2
+            sage: s.set_name(name='s')
+            sage: s
+            Section s on the 3-dimensional topological manifold M with values in
+             the real vector bundle E of rank 2
+            sage: latex(s)
+            s
+            sage: s.set_name(latex_name=r'\sigma')
+            sage: latex(s)
+            \sigma
+            sage: s.set_name(name='a')
+            sage: s
+            Section a on the 3-dimensional topological manifold M with values in
+             the real vector bundle E of rank 2
+            sage: latex(s)
+            a
+        """
+        if self.is_immutable():
+            raise ValueError("the name of an immutable element "
+                             "cannot be changed")
+        if name is not None:
+            self._name = name
+            if latex_name is None:
+                self._latex_name = self._name
+        if latex_name is not None:
+            self._latex_name = latex_name
+        for rst in self._restrictions.values():
+            rst.set_name(name=name, latex_name=latex_name)
+
+    def _new_instance(self):
+        r"""
+        Create an instance of the same class as ``self`` on the same
+        section module.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(3, 'M')
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U')
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: s = E.section(name='s', domain=U); s
+            Section s on the Open subset U of the 3-dimensional differentiable
+             manifold M with values in the real vector bundle E of rank 2
+            sage: s1 = s._new_instance(); s1
+            Section on the Open subset U of the 3-dimensional differentiable
+             manifold M with values in the real vector bundle E of rank 2
+            sage: type(s1) == type(s)
+            True
+            sage: s1.parent() is s.parent()
+            True
+        """
+        return type(self)(self._smodule)
+
+    def _del_restrictions(self):
+        r"""
+        Delete the restrictions defined on ``self``.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M')
+            sage: c_xy.<x,y> = M.chart()
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U', coord_def={c_xy: x<0})
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: e = E.local_frame('e')
+            sage: s = E.section()
+            sage: t = s.restrict(U)
+            sage: s._restrictions
+            {Open subset U of the 2-dimensional differentiable manifold M:
+             Section on the Open subset U of the 2-dimensional differentiable
+             manifold M with values in the real vector bundle E of rank 2}
+            sage: s._del_restrictions()
+            sage: s._restrictions
+            {}
+        """
+        self._restrictions.clear()
+        self._extensions_graph = {self._domain: self}
+        self._restrictions_graph = {self._domain: self}
+
+    def _init_components(self, *comp, **kwargs):
+        r"""
+        Initialize the section components in some given local frames.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``comp`` -- either the components of the section with respect
+          to the local frame specified by the argument ``frame`` or a
+          dictionary of components, the keys of which are local frames or
+          pairs ``(f,c)`` where ``f`` is a local frame and ``c`` a chart
+        - ``frame`` -- (default: ``None``; unused if ``comp`` is a dictionary)
+          local frame in which the components are given; if ``None``, the
+          default local frame on the domain of ``self`` is assumed
+        - ``chart`` -- (default: ``None``; unused if ``comp`` is a dictionary)
+          coordinate chart in which the components are expressed; if ``None``,
+          the default chart on some subdomain of ``frame`` is assumed
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(3, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: X.<x,y,z> = M.chart()
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: e = E.local_frame('e')
+            sage: s = E.section(name='s')
+            sage: s._init_components([1+x, y^2])
+            sage: s.display()
+            s = (x + 1) e_0 + y^2 e_1
+            sage: f = E.local_frame('f')
+            sage: Y.<u,v,t> = M.chart()
+            sage: s._init_components([2*v, -u], frame=f)
+            sage: s.display(f, Y)
+            s = 2*v f_0 - u f_1
+            sage: s._init_components({e: [1-y, x]})
+            sage: s.display()
+            s = (-y + 1) e_0 + x e_1
+            sage: s._init_components({(f, Y): [t, v^3]})
+            sage: s.display(f, Y)
+            s = t f_0 + v^3 f_1
+        """
+        comp0 = comp[0]
+        self._is_zero = False  # a priori
+        if isinstance(comp0, dict):
+            for frame, components in comp0.items():
+                chart = None
+                if isinstance(frame, tuple):
+                    # frame is actually a pair (frame, chart):
+                    frame, chart = frame
+                self.add_comp(frame)[:, chart] = components
+        elif isinstance(comp0, str):
+            # For consistency with tensor fields:
+            self.set_name(comp0)
+        else:
+            if hasattr(comp0, '__getitem__'):
+                # comp0 is a list/vector of components
+                # otherwise comp is the tuple of components in a specific frame
+                comp = comp0
+            frame = kwargs.get('frame')
+            chart = kwargs.get('chart')
+            self.add_comp(frame)[:, chart] = comp
+
+    def domain(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the manifold on which ``self`` is defined.
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        - instance of class
+          :class:`~sage.manifolds.manifold.TopologicalManifold`
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(3, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U')
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: C0_U = E.section_module(domain=U, force_free=True)
+            sage: z = C0_U.zero()
+            sage: z.domain()
+            Open subset U of the 3-dimensional topological manifold M
+        """
+        return self._domain
+
+    def base_module(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the section module on which ``self`` acts as a section.
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        - instance of
+          :class:`~sage.manifolds.section_module.SectionModule`
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(3, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U')
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: s = E.section(domain=U)
+            sage: s.base_module()
+            Module C^0(U;E) of sections on the Open subset U of the
+             3-dimensional topological manifold M with values in the real vector
+             bundle E of rank 2
+        """
+        return self._smodule
+
+    def set_restriction(self, rst):
+        r"""
+        Define a restriction of ``self`` to some subdomain.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``rst`` -- :class:`Section` defined on a subdomain of the domain of
+          ``self``
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: S2 = Manifold(2, 'S^2', structure='top')
+            sage: U = S2.open_subset('U') ; V = S2.open_subset('V') # complement of the North and South pole, respectively
+            sage: S2.declare_union(U,V)
+            sage: stereoN.<x,y> = U.chart() # stereographic coordinates from the North pole
+            sage: stereoS.<u,v> = V.chart() # stereographic coordinates from the South pole
+            sage: xy_to_uv = stereoN.transition_map(stereoS,
+            ....:                                   (x/(x^2+y^2), y/(x^2+y^2)),
+            ....:                                   intersection_name='W',
+            ....:                                   restrictions1= x^2+y^2!=0,
+            ....:                                   restrictions2= u^2+v^2!=0)
+            sage: W = U.intersection(V)
+            sage: uv_to_xy = xy_to_uv.inverse()
+            sage: E = S2.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: phi_U = E.trivialization('phi_U', domain=U)
+            sage: phi_V = E.trivialization('phi_V', domain=V)
+            sage: s = E.section(name='s')
+            sage: sU = E.section(domain=U, name='s')
+            sage: sU[:] = x+y, x
+            sage: s.set_restriction(sU)
+            sage: s.display(phi_U.frame())
+            s = (x + y) (phi_U^*e_1) + x (phi_U^*e_2)
+            sage: s.restrict(U) == sU
+            True
+        """
+        if self.is_immutable():
+            raise ValueError("the restrictions of an immutable element "
+                             "cannot be changed")
+        self._restrictions[rst._domain] = rst.copy(name=self._name,
+                                                   latex_name=self._latex_name)
+        self._is_zero = False  # a priori
+
+    def restrict(self, subdomain):
+        r"""
+        Return the restriction of ``self`` to some subdomain.
+
+        If the restriction has not been defined yet, it is constructed here.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``subdomain`` --
+          :class:`~sage.manifolds.differentiable.manifold.DifferentiableManifold`;
+          open subset `U` of the section domain `S`
+
+        OUTPUT: :class:`Section` representing the restriction
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+
+        Restrictions of a section on a rank 2 vector bundle over the 2-sphere::
+
+            sage: S2 = Manifold(2, 'S^2', structure='top', start_index=1)
+            sage: U = S2.open_subset('U') ; V = S2.open_subset('V') # complement of the North and South pole, respectively
+            sage: S2.declare_union(U,V)
+            sage: stereoN.<x,y> = U.chart() # stereographic coordinates from the North pole
+            sage: stereoS.<u,v> = V.chart() # stereographic coordinates from the South pole
+            sage: xy_to_uv = stereoN.transition_map(stereoS,
+            ....:                                   (x/(x^2+y^2), y/(x^2+y^2)),
+            ....:                                   intersection_name='W',
+            ....:                                   restrictions1= x^2+y^2!=0,
+            ....:                                   restrictions2= u^2+v^2!=0)
+            sage: W = U.intersection(V)
+            sage: uv_to_xy = xy_to_uv.inverse()
+            sage: E = S2.vector_bundle(2, 'E') # define vector bundle
+            sage: phi_U = E.trivialization('phi_U', domain=U) # define trivializations
+            sage: phi_V = E.trivialization('phi_V', domain=V)
+            sage: transf = phi_U.transition_map(phi_V, [[0,x],[y,0]])
+            sage: fN = phi_U.frame(); fS = phi_V.frame() # get induced frames
+            sage: fN_W = fN.restrict(W); fS_W = fS.restrict(W) # restrict them
+            sage: stereoN_W = stereoN.restrict(W) # restrict charts, too
+            sage: stereoS_W = stereoS.restrict(W)
+            sage: s = E.section({fN: [1, 0]}, name='s')
+            sage: s.display(fN)
+            s = (phi_U^*e_1)
+            sage: sU = s.restrict(U) ; sU
+            Section s on the Open subset U of the 2-dimensional topological
+             manifold S^2 with values in the real vector bundle E of rank 2
+            sage: sU.display() # fN is the default frame on U
+            s = (phi_U^*e_1)
+            sage: sU == fN[1]
+            True
+            sage: sW = s.restrict(W) ; sW
+            Section s on the Open subset W of the 2-dimensional topological
+             manifold S^2 with values in the real vector bundle E of rank 2
+            sage: sW.display(fN_W)
+            s = (phi_U^*e_1)
+            sage: sW.display(fS_W, stereoN_W)
+            s = y (phi_V^*e_2)
+            sage: sW.display(fS_W, stereoS_W)
+            s = v/(u^2 + v^2) (phi_V^*e_2)
+            sage: sW == fN_W[1]
+            True
+
+        At this stage, defining the restriction of ``s`` to the open
+        subset ``V`` fully specifies ``s``::
+
+            sage: s.restrict(V)[1] = sW[fS_W, 1, stereoS_W].expr()  # note that fS is the default frame on V
+            sage: s.restrict(V)[2] = sW[fS_W, 2, stereoS_W].expr()
+            sage: s.display(fS, stereoS)
+            s = v/(u^2 + v^2) (phi_V^*e_2)
+            sage: s.restrict(U).display()
+            s = (phi_U^*e_1)
+            sage: s.restrict(V).display()
+            s = v/(u^2 + v^2) (phi_V^*e_2)
+
+        The restriction of the section to its own domain is of course itself::
+
+            sage: s.restrict(S2) is s
+            True
+            sage: sU.restrict(U) is sU
+            True
+        """
+        if subdomain == self._domain:
+            return self
+        if subdomain not in self._restrictions:
+            if not subdomain.is_subset(self._domain):
+                raise ValueError("the provided domain is not a subset of " +
+                                 "the field's domain")
+
+            # First one tries to get the restriction from a tighter domain:
+            for dom, rst in self._restrictions.items():
+                if subdomain.is_subset(dom) and subdomain in rst._restrictions:
+                    res = rst._restrictions[subdomain]
+                    self._restrictions[subdomain] = res
+                    self._restrictions_graph[subdomain] = res
+                    res._extensions_graph.update(self._extensions_graph)
+                    for ext in self._extensions_graph.values():
+                        ext._restrictions[subdomain] = res
+                        ext._restrictions_graph[subdomain] = res
+                    return self._restrictions[subdomain]
+
+            for dom, rst in self._restrictions.items():
+                if subdomain.is_subset(dom) and dom is not self._domain:
+                    self._restrictions[subdomain] = rst.restrict(subdomain)
+                    self._restrictions_graph[subdomain] = rst.restrict(subdomain)
+                    return self._restrictions[subdomain]
+
+            # Secondly one tries to get the restriction from one previously
+            # defined on a larger domain:
+            for dom, ext in self._extensions_graph.items():
+                if subdomain in ext._restrictions:
+                    res = ext._restrictions_graph[subdomain]
+                    self._restrictions[subdomain] = res
+                    self._restrictions_graph[subdomain] = res
+                    res._extensions_graph.update(self._extensions_graph)
+                    for ext in self._extensions_graph.values():
+                        ext._restrictions[subdomain] = res
+                        ext._restrictions_graph[subdomain] = res
+                    return self._restrictions[subdomain]
+
+            # If this fails, the restriction is created from scratch:
+            smodule = self._vbundle.section_module(domain=subdomain)
+            res = smodule.element_class(smodule, name=self._name,
+                                        latex_name=self._latex_name)
+            res._extensions_graph.update(self._extensions_graph)
+
+            for dom, ext in self._extensions_graph.items():
+                ext._restrictions[subdomain] = res
+                ext._restrictions_graph[subdomain] = res
+            for dom, rst in self._restrictions.items():
+                if dom.is_subset(subdomain):
+                    if rst is not res:
+                        res._restrictions.update(rst._restrictions)
+                    res._restrictions_graph.update(rst._restrictions_graph)
+                    rst._extensions_graph.update(res._extensions_graph)
+            if self.is_immutable():
+                res.set_immutable()  # restrictions must be immutable, too
+            self._restrictions[subdomain] = res
+            self._restrictions_graph[subdomain] = res
+            res._extensions_graph.update(self._extensions_graph)
+
+        return self._restrictions[subdomain]
+
+    def _set_comp_unsafe(self, basis=None):
+        r"""
+        Return the components of ``self`` in a given local frame for
+        assignment. This private method invokes no security check. Use
+        this method at your own risk.
+
+        The components with respect to other frames having the same domain
+        as the provided local frame are deleted, in order to avoid any
+        inconsistency. To keep them, use the method :meth:`_add_comp_unsafe`
+        instead.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``basis`` -- (default: ``None``) local frame in which the
+          components are defined; if none is provided, the components are
+          assumed to refer to the section domain's default frame
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        - components in the given frame, as a
+          :class:`~sage.tensor.modules.comp.Components`; if such
+          components did not exist previously, they are created
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: S2 = Manifold(2, 'S^2', structure='top', start_index=1)
+            sage: U = S2.open_subset('U') ; V = S2.open_subset('V') # complement of the North and South pole, respectively
+            sage: S2.declare_union(U,V)
+            sage: stereoN.<x,y> = U.chart() # stereographic coordinates from the North pole
+            sage: stereoS.<u,v> = V.chart() # stereographic coordinates from the South pole
+            sage: xy_to_uv = stereoN.transition_map(stereoS,
+            ....:                                   (x/(x^2+y^2), y/(x^2+y^2)),
+            ....:                                   intersection_name='W',
+            ....:                                   restrictions1= x^2+y^2!=0,
+            ....:                                   restrictions2= u^2+v^2!=0)
+            sage: W = U.intersection(V)
+            sage: uv_to_xy = xy_to_uv.inverse()
+            sage: E = S2.vector_bundle(2, 'E') # define vector bundle
+            sage: phi_U = E.trivialization('phi_U', domain=U) # define trivializations
+            sage: phi_V = E.trivialization('phi_V', domain=V)
+            sage: transf = phi_U.transition_map(phi_V, [[0,x],[y,0]])
+            sage: fN = phi_U.frame(); fS = phi_V.frame() # get induced frames
+            sage: s = E.section(name='s')
+            sage: s._set_comp_unsafe(fS)
+            1-index components w.r.t. Trivialization frame (E|_V, ((phi_V^*e_1),(phi_V^*e_2)))
+            sage: s._set_comp_unsafe(fS)[1] = u+v
+            sage: s.display(fS)
+            s = (u + v) (phi_V^*e_1)
+
+        Setting the components in a new frame (``e``)::
+
+            sage: e = E.local_frame('e', domain=V)
+            sage: s._set_comp_unsafe(e)
+            1-index components w.r.t. Local frame (E|_V, (e_1,e_2))
+            sage: s._set_comp_unsafe(e)[1] = u*v
+            sage: s.display(e)
+            s = u*v e_1
+
+        Since the frames ``e`` and ``fS`` are defined on the same domain, the
+        components w.r.t. ``fS`` have been erased::
+
+            sage: s.display(phi_V.frame())
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: no basis could be found for computing the components in
+             the Trivialization frame (E|_V, ((phi_V^*e_1),(phi_V^*e_2)))
+        """
+        if basis is None:
+            basis = self._smodule.default_frame()
+            if basis is None: # should be "is still None" ;-)
+                raise ValueError("a frame must be provided for the display")
+        rst = self.restrict(basis._domain)
+        return rst._set_comp_unsafe(basis)
+
+    def set_comp(self, basis=None):
+        r"""
+        Return the components of ``self`` in a given local frame for assignment.
+
+        The components with respect to other frames having the same domain
+        as the provided local frame are deleted, in order to avoid any
+        inconsistency. To keep them, use the method :meth:`add_comp` instead.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``basis`` -- (default: ``None``) local frame in which the
+          components are defined; if none is provided, the components are
+          assumed to refer to the section domain's default frame
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        - components in the given frame, as a
+          :class:`~sage.tensor.modules.comp.Components`; if such
+          components did not exist previously, they are created
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: S2 = Manifold(2, 'S^2', structure='top', start_index=1)
+            sage: U = S2.open_subset('U') ; V = S2.open_subset('V') # complement of the North and South pole, respectively
+            sage: S2.declare_union(U,V)
+            sage: stereoN.<x,y> = U.chart() # stereographic coordinates from the North pole
+            sage: stereoS.<u,v> = V.chart() # stereographic coordinates from the South pole
+            sage: xy_to_uv = stereoN.transition_map(stereoS,
+            ....:                                   (x/(x^2+y^2), y/(x^2+y^2)),
+            ....:                                   intersection_name='W',
+            ....:                                   restrictions1= x^2+y^2!=0,
+            ....:                                   restrictions2= u^2+v^2!=0)
+            sage: W = U.intersection(V)
+            sage: uv_to_xy = xy_to_uv.inverse()
+            sage: E = S2.vector_bundle(2, 'E') # define vector bundle
+            sage: phi_U = E.trivialization('phi_U', domain=U) # define trivializations
+            sage: phi_V = E.trivialization('phi_V', domain=V)
+            sage: transf = phi_U.transition_map(phi_V, [[0,x],[y,0]])
+            sage: fN = phi_U.frame(); fS = phi_V.frame() # get induced frames
+            sage: s = E.section(name='s')
+            sage: s.set_comp(fS)
+            1-index components w.r.t. Trivialization frame (E|_V, ((phi_V^*e_1),(phi_V^*e_2)))
+            sage: s.set_comp(fS)[1] = u+v
+            sage: s.display(fS)
+            s = (u + v) (phi_V^*e_1)
+
+        Setting the components in a new frame (``e``)::
+
+            sage: e = E.local_frame('e', domain=V)
+            sage: s.set_comp(e)
+            1-index components w.r.t. Local frame (E|_V, (e_1,e_2))
+            sage: s.set_comp(e)[1] = u*v
+            sage: s.display(e)
+            s = u*v e_1
+
+        Since the frames ``e`` and ``fS`` are defined on the same domain, the
+        components w.r.t. ``fS`` have been erased::
+
+            sage: s.display(phi_V.frame())
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: no basis could be found for computing the components in
+             the Trivialization frame (E|_V, ((phi_V^*e_1),(phi_V^*e_2)))
+        """
+        if self.is_immutable():
+            raise ValueError("the components of an immutable element "
+                             "cannot be changed")
+        if basis is None:
+            basis = self._smodule.default_frame()
+            if basis is None: # should be "is still None" ;-)
+                raise ValueError("a frame must be provided for the display")
+        rst = self.restrict(basis._domain)
+        self._is_zero = False  # a priori
+        return rst.set_comp(basis)
+
+    def _add_comp_unsafe(self, basis=None):
+        r"""
+        Return the components of ``self`` in a given local frame for
+        assignment. This private method invokes no security check. Use
+        this method at your own risk.
+
+        The components with respect to other frames having the same domain
+        as the provided local frame are kept. To delete them, use the
+        method :meth:`_set_comp_unsafe` instead.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``basis`` -- (default: ``None``) local frame in which the
+          components are defined; if ``None``, the components are assumed
+          to refer to the section domain's default frame
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        - components in the given frame, as a
+          :class:`~sage.tensor.modules.comp.Components`; if such
+          components did not exist previously, they are created
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: S2 = Manifold(2, 'S^2', structure='top', start_index=1)
+            sage: U = S2.open_subset('U') ; V = S2.open_subset('V') # complement of the North and South pole, respectively
+            sage: S2.declare_union(U,V)
+            sage: stereoN.<x,y> = U.chart() # stereographic coordinates from the North pole
+            sage: stereoS.<u,v> = V.chart() # stereographic coordinates from the South pole
+            sage: xy_to_uv = stereoN.transition_map(stereoS, (x/(x^2+y^2), y/(x^2+y^2)),
+            ....:               intersection_name='W', restrictions1= x^2+y^2!=0,
+            ....:               restrictions2= u^2+v^2!=0)
+            sage: W = U.intersection(V)
+            sage: uv_to_xy = xy_to_uv.inverse()
+            sage: E = S2.vector_bundle(2, 'E') # define vector bundle
+            sage: phi_U = E.trivialization('phi_U', domain=U) # define trivializations
+            sage: phi_V = E.trivialization('phi_V', domain=V)
+            sage: transf = phi_U.transition_map(phi_V, [[0,1],[1,0]])
+            sage: fN = phi_U.frame(); fS = phi_V.frame() # get induced frames
+            sage: s = E.section(name='s')
+            sage: s._add_comp_unsafe(fS)
+            1-index components w.r.t. Trivialization frame (E|_V, ((phi_V^*e_1),(phi_V^*e_2)))
+            sage: s._add_comp_unsafe(fS)[1] = u+v
+            sage: s.display(fS)
+            s = (u + v) (phi_V^*e_1)
+
+        Setting the components in a new frame::
+
+            sage: e = E.local_frame('e', domain=V)
+            sage: s._add_comp_unsafe(e)
+            1-index components w.r.t. Local frame (E|_V, (e_1,e_2))
+            sage: s._add_comp_unsafe(e)[1] = u*v
+            sage: s.display(e)
+            s = u*v e_1
+
+        The components with respect to ``fS`` are kept::
+
+            sage: s.display(fS)
+            s = (u + v) (phi_V^*e_1)
+        """
+        if basis is None:
+            basis = self._smodule.default_frame()
+            if basis is None: # should be "is still None" ;-)
+                raise ValueError("a frame must be provided for the display")
+        rst = self.restrict(basis._domain)
+        return rst._add_comp_unsafe(basis)
+
+    def add_comp(self, basis=None):
+        r"""
+        Return the components of ``self`` in a given local frame for assignment.
+
+        The components with respect to other frames having the same domain
+        as the provided local frame are kept. To delete them, use the
+        method :meth:`set_comp` instead.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``basis`` -- (default: ``None``) local frame in which the
+          components are defined; if ``None``, the components are assumed
+          to refer to the section domain's default frame
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        - components in the given frame, as a
+          :class:`~sage.tensor.modules.comp.Components`; if such
+          components did not exist previously, they are created
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: S2 = Manifold(2, 'S^2', structure='top', start_index=1)
+            sage: U = S2.open_subset('U') ; V = S2.open_subset('V') # complement of the North and South pole, respectively
+            sage: S2.declare_union(U,V)
+            sage: stereoN.<x,y> = U.chart() # stereographic coordinates from the North pole
+            sage: stereoS.<u,v> = V.chart() # stereographic coordinates from the South pole
+            sage: xy_to_uv = stereoN.transition_map(stereoS, (x/(x^2+y^2), y/(x^2+y^2)),
+            ....:               intersection_name='W', restrictions1= x^2+y^2!=0,
+            ....:               restrictions2= u^2+v^2!=0)
+            sage: W = U.intersection(V)
+            sage: uv_to_xy = xy_to_uv.inverse()
+            sage: E = S2.vector_bundle(2, 'E') # define vector bundle
+            sage: phi_U = E.trivialization('phi_U', domain=U) # define trivializations
+            sage: phi_V = E.trivialization('phi_V', domain=V)
+            sage: transf = phi_U.transition_map(phi_V, [[0,1],[1,0]])
+            sage: fN = phi_U.frame(); fS = phi_V.frame() # get induced frames
+            sage: s = E.section(name='s')
+            sage: s.add_comp(fS)
+            1-index components w.r.t. Trivialization frame (E|_V, ((phi_V^*e_1),(phi_V^*e_2)))
+            sage: s.add_comp(fS)[1] = u+v
+            sage: s.display(fS)
+            s = (u + v) (phi_V^*e_1)
+
+        Setting the components in a new frame::
+
+            sage: e = E.local_frame('e', domain=V)
+            sage: s.add_comp(e)
+            1-index components w.r.t. Local frame (E|_V, (e_1,e_2))
+            sage: s.add_comp(e)[1] = u*v
+            sage: s.display(e)
+            s = u*v e_1
+
+        The components with respect to ``fS`` are kept::
+
+            sage: s.display(fS)
+            s = (u + v) (phi_V^*e_1)
+        """
+        if self.is_immutable():
+            raise ValueError("the components of an immutable element "
+                             "cannot be changed")
+        if basis is None:
+            basis = self._smodule.default_frame()
+            if basis is None: # should be "is still None" ;-)
+                raise ValueError("a frame must be provided for the display")
+        rst = self.restrict(basis._domain)
+        self._is_zero = False  # a priori
+        return rst.add_comp(basis)
+
+    def add_comp_by_continuation(self, frame, subdomain, chart=None):
+        r"""
+        Set components with respect to a local frame by continuation of the
+        coordinate expression of the components in a subframe.
+
+        The continuation is performed by demanding that the components have
+        the same coordinate expression as those on the restriction of the
+        frame to a given subdomain.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``frame`` -- local frame `e` in which the components are to be set
+        - ``subdomain`` -- open subset of `e`'s domain in which the
+          components are known or can be evaluated from other components
+        - ``chart`` -- (default: ``None``) coordinate chart on `e`'s domain in
+          which the extension of the expression of the components is to be
+          performed; if ``None``, the default's chart of `e`'s domain is
+          assumed
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+
+        Components of a vector field on the sphere `S^2`::
+
+            sage: S2 = Manifold(2, 'S^2', structure='top', start_index=1)
+            sage: U = S2.open_subset('U') ; V = S2.open_subset('V') # complement of the North and South pole, respectively
+            sage: S2.declare_union(U,V)
+            sage: stereoN.<x,y> = U.chart() # stereographic coordinates from the North pole
+            sage: stereoS.<u,v> = V.chart() # stereographic coordinates from the South pole
+            sage: xy_to_uv = stereoN.transition_map(stereoS,
+            ....:                                   (x/(x^2+y^2), y/(x^2+y^2)),
+            ....:                                   intersection_name='W',
+            ....:                                   restrictions1= x^2+y^2!=0,
+            ....:                                   restrictions2= u^2+v^2!=0)
+            sage: W = U.intersection(V)
+            sage: uv_to_xy = xy_to_uv.inverse()
+            sage: E = S2.vector_bundle(2, 'E') # define vector bundle
+            sage: phi_U = E.trivialization('phi_U', domain=U) # define trivializations
+            sage: phi_V = E.trivialization('phi_V', domain=V)
+            sage: transf = phi_U.transition_map(phi_V, [[0,1],[1,0]])
+            sage: fN = phi_U.frame(); fS = phi_V.frame() # get induced frames
+            sage: a = E.section({fN: [x, 2+y]}, name='a')
+
+        At this stage, the section has been defined only on the open subset
+        ``U`` (through its components in the frame ``fN``)::
+
+            sage: a.display(fN)
+            a = x (phi_U^*e_1) + (y + 2) (phi_U^*e_2)
+
+        The components with respect to the restriction of ``fS`` to the common
+        subdomain ``W``, in terms of the ``(u,v)`` coordinates, are obtained
+        by a change-of-frame formula on ``W``::
+
+            sage: a.display(fS.restrict(W), stereoS.restrict(W))
+            a = (2*u^2 + 2*v^2 + v)/(u^2 + v^2) (phi_V^*e_1) + u/(u^2 + v^2)
+             (phi_V^*e_2)
+
+        The continuation consists in extending the definition of the vector
+        field to the whole open subset ``V`` by demanding that the components
+        in the frame eV have the same coordinate expression as the above one::
+
+            sage: a.add_comp_by_continuation(fS, W, chart=stereoS)
+
+        We have then::
+
+            sage: a.display(fS)
+            a = (2*u^2 + 2*v^2 + v)/(u^2 + v^2) (phi_V^*e_1) + u/(u^2 + v^2)
+             (phi_V^*e_2)
+
+        and `a` is defined on the entire manifold `S^2`.
+        """
+        if self.is_immutable():
+            raise ValueError("the components of an immutable element "
+                             "cannot be changed")
+        dom = frame._domain
+        if not dom.is_subset(self._domain):
+            raise ValueError("the local frame is not defined on a subset " +
+                             "of the section's domain")
+        if chart is None:
+            chart = dom._def_chart
+        sframe = frame.restrict(subdomain)
+        schart = chart.restrict(subdomain)
+        scomp = self.comp(sframe)
+        resu = self.add_comp(frame) # _del_derived is performed here
+        for ind in resu.non_redundant_index_generator():
+            resu[[ind]] = dom.scalar_field({chart: scomp[[ind]].expr(schart)})
+
+    def add_expr_from_subdomain(self, frame, subdomain):
+        r"""
+        Add an expression to an existing component from a subdomain.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``frame`` -- local frame `e` in which the components are to be set
+        - ``subdomain`` -- open subset of `e`'s domain in which the
+          components have additional expressions
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+
+        We are going to consider a section on the trivial rank 2 vector bundle
+        over the 2-sphere::
+
+            sage: S2 = Manifold(2, 'S^2', structure='top', start_index=1)
+            sage: U = S2.open_subset('U') ; V = S2.open_subset('V') # complement of the North and South pole, respectively
+            sage: S2.declare_union(U,V)
+            sage: stereoN.<x,y> = U.chart() # stereographic coordinates from the North pole
+            sage: stereoS.<u,v> = V.chart() # stereographic coordinates from the South pole
+            sage: xy_to_uv = stereoN.transition_map(stereoS,
+            ....:              (x/(x^2+y^2), y/(x^2+y^2)),
+            ....:              intersection_name='W', restrictions1= x^2+y^2!=0,
+            ....:              restrictions2= u^2+v^2!=0)
+            sage: W = U.intersection(V)
+            sage: uv_to_xy = xy_to_uv.inverse()
+            sage: E = S2.vector_bundle(2, 'E') # define vector bundle
+            sage: e = E.local_frame('e') # frame to trivialize E
+            sage: eU = e.restrict(U); eV = e.restrict(V); eW = e.restrict(W) # this step is essential since U, V and W must be trivial
+
+        To define a section ``s`` on `S^2`, we first set the components on
+        ``U``::
+
+            sage: s = E.section(name='s')
+            sage: sU = s.restrict(U)
+            sage: sU[:] = [x, y]
+
+        But because ``E`` is trivial, these components can be extended with
+        respect to the global frame ``e`` onto `S^2`::
+
+            sage: s.add_comp_by_continuation(e, U)
+
+        One can see that ``s`` is not yet fully defined: the components
+        (scalar fields) do not have values on the whole manifold::
+
+            sage: sorted(s._components.values())[0]._comp[(1,)].display()
+            S^2 → ℝ
+            on U: (x, y) ↦ x
+            on W: (u, v) ↦ u/(u^2 + v^2)
+
+        To fix that, we extend the components from ``W`` to ``V`` first, using
+        :meth:`add_comp_by_continuation`::
+
+            sage: s.add_comp_by_continuation(eV, W, stereoS)
+
+        Then, the expression on the subdomain ``V`` is added to the
+        components on `S^2` already known by::
+
+            sage: s.add_expr_from_subdomain(e, V)
+
+        The definition of ``s`` is now complete::
+
+            sage: sorted(s._components.values())[0]._comp[(2,)].display()
+            S^2 → ℝ
+            on U: (x, y) ↦ y
+            on V: (u, v) ↦ v/(u^2 + v^2)
+        """
+        if self.is_immutable():
+            raise ValueError("the expressions of an immutable element "
+                             "cannot be changed")
+        dom = frame._domain
+        if not dom.is_subset(self._domain):
+            raise ValueError("the local frame is not defined on a subset " +
+                             "of the section's domain")
+        if frame not in self.restrict(frame.domain())._components:
+            raise ValueError("the section doesn't have an expression in "
+                             "the frame " + frame._repr_())
+        comp = self.comp(frame)
+        scomp = self.restrict(subdomain).comp(frame.restrict(subdomain))
+        for ind in comp.non_redundant_index_generator():
+            comp[[ind]]._express.update(scomp[[ind]]._express)
+
+        rst = self._restrictions.copy()
+        self._del_derived()  # delete restrictions
+        self._restrictions = rst
+
+    def comp(self, basis=None, from_basis=None):
+        r"""
+        Return the components in a given local frame.
+
+        If the components are not known already, they are computed by the
+        change-of-basis formula from components in another local frame.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``basis`` -- (default: ``None``) local frame in which the components
+          are required; if none is provided, the components are assumed to
+          refer to the section module's default frame on the corresponding
+          domain
+        - ``from_basis`` -- (default: ``None``) local frame from which the
+          required components are computed, via the change-of-basis
+          formula, if they are not known already in the basis ``basis``
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        - components in the local frame ``basis``, as a
+          :class:`~sage.tensor.modules.comp.Components`
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+
+        Components of a section defined on a rank 2 vector bundle over two
+        open subsets::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: X.<x, y> = M.chart()
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U'); V = M.open_subset('V')
+            sage: M.declare_union(U, V)
+            sage: XU = X.restrict(U); XV = X.restrict(V)
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: e = E.local_frame('e', domain=U); e
+            Local frame (E|_U, (e_0,e_1))
+            sage: f = E.local_frame('f', domain=V); f
+            Local frame (E|_V, (f_0,f_1))
+            sage: s = E.section(name='s')
+            sage: s[e,:] = - x + y^3, 2+x
+            sage: s[f,0] = x^2
+            sage: s[f,1] = x+y
+            sage: s.comp(e)
+            1-index components w.r.t. Local frame (E|_U, (e_0,e_1))
+            sage: s.comp(e)[:]
+            [y^3 - x, x + 2]
+            sage: s.comp(f)
+            1-index components w.r.t. Local frame (E|_V, (f_0,f_1))
+            sage: s.comp(f)[:]
+            [x^2, x + y]
+
+        Since ``e`` is the default frame of ``E|_U``, the argument ``e`` can
+        be omitted after restricting::
+
+            sage: e is E.section_module(domain=U).default_frame()
+            True
+            sage: s.restrict(U).comp() is s.comp(e)
+            True
+        """
+        if basis is None:
+            basis = self._smodule.default_frame()
+            if basis is None: # should be "is still None" ;-)
+                raise ValueError("a frame must be provided for the display")
+
+        rst = self.restrict(basis._domain)
+        return rst.comp(basis=basis, from_basis=from_basis)
+
+    def display(self, frame=None, chart=None):
+        r"""
+        Display the section in terms of its expansion with respect to a given
+        local frame.
+
+        The output is either text-formatted (console mode) or LaTeX-formatted
+        (notebook mode).
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``frame`` -- (default: ``None``) local frame with respect to
+          which the section is expanded; if ``frame`` is ``None`` and ``chart``
+          is not ``None``, the default frame in the corresponding section module
+          is assumed
+        - ``chart`` -- (default: ``None``) chart with respect to which the
+          components of the section in the selected frame are expressed;
+          if ``None``, the default chart of the local frame domain is assumed
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+
+        Display of section on a rank 2 vector bundle over the 2-sphere::
+
+            sage: S2 = Manifold(2, 'S^2', structure='top', start_index=1)
+            sage: U = S2.open_subset('U') ; V = S2.open_subset('V') # complement of the North and South pole, respectively
+            sage: S2.declare_union(U,V)
+            sage: stereoN.<x,y> = U.chart() # stereographic coordinates from the North pole
+            sage: stereoS.<u,v> = V.chart() # stereographic coordinates from the South pole
+            sage: xy_to_uv = stereoN.transition_map(stereoS,
+            ....:                                   (x/(x^2+y^2), y/(x^2+y^2)),
+            ....:                                   intersection_name='W',
+            ....:                                   restrictions1= x^2+y^2!=0,
+            ....:                                   restrictions2= u^2+v^2!=0)
+            sage: W = U.intersection(V)
+            sage: uv_to_xy = xy_to_uv.inverse()
+            sage: E = S2.vector_bundle(2, 'E') # define vector bundle
+            sage: phi_U = E.trivialization('phi_U', domain=U) # define trivializations
+            sage: phi_V = E.trivialization('phi_V', domain=V)
+            sage: transf = phi_U.transition_map(phi_V, [[0,1],[1,0]])
+            sage: fN = phi_U.frame(); fS = phi_V.frame() # get induced frames
+            sage: s = E.section(name='s')
+            sage: s[fN,:] = [x, y]
+            sage: s.add_comp_by_continuation(fS, W, stereoS)
+            sage: s.display(fN)
+            s = x (phi_U^*e_1) + y (phi_U^*e_2)
+            sage: s.display(fS)
+            s = v/(u^2 + v^2) (phi_V^*e_1) + u/(u^2 + v^2) (phi_V^*e_2)
+
+        Since ``fN`` is the default frame on ``E|_U``, the argument ``fN`` can
+        be omitted after restricting::
+
+            sage: fN is E.section_module(domain=U).default_frame()
+            True
+            sage: s.restrict(U).display()
+            s = x (phi_U^*e_1) + y (phi_U^*e_2)
+
+        Similarly, since ``fS`` is ``V``'s default frame, the argument ``fS``
+        can be omitted when considering the restriction of ``s`` to ``V``::
+
+            sage: s.restrict(V).display()
+            s = v/(u^2 + v^2) (phi_V^*e_1) + u/(u^2 + v^2) (phi_V^*e_2)
+
+        The second argument comes into play whenever the frame's domain is
+        covered by two distinct charts. Since ``stereoN.restrict(W)`` is the
+        default chart on ``W``, the second argument can be omitted for the
+        expression in this chart::
+
+            sage: s.display(fS.restrict(W))
+            s = y (phi_V^*e_1) + x (phi_V^*e_2)
+
+        To get the expression in the other chart, the second argument must be
+        used::
+
+            sage: s.display(fN.restrict(W), stereoS.restrict(W))
+            s = u/(u^2 + v^2) (phi_U^*e_1) + v/(u^2 + v^2) (phi_U^*e_2)
+
+        One can ask for the display with respect to a frame in which ``s`` has
+        not been initialized yet (this will automatically trigger the use of
+        the change-of-frame formula for tensors)::
+
+            sage: a = E.section_module(domain=U).automorphism()
+            sage: a[:] = [[1+x^2,0],[0,1+y^2]]
+            sage: e = fN.new_frame(a, 'e')
+            sage: [e[i].display() for i in S2.irange()]
+            [e_1 = (x^2 + 1) (phi_U^*e_1), e_2 = (y^2 + 1) (phi_U^*e_2)]
+            sage: s.display(e)
+            s = x/(x^2 + 1) e_1 + y/(y^2 + 1) e_2
+
+        A shortcut of ``display()`` is ``disp()``::
+
+            sage: s.disp(fS)
+            s = v/(u^2 + v^2) (phi_V^*e_1) + u/(u^2 + v^2) (phi_V^*e_2)
+        """
+        if frame is None:
+            frame = self._smodule.default_frame()
+            if frame is None:  # should be "is still None" ;-)
+                raise ValueError("a frame must be provided for the display")
+        rst = self.restrict(frame._domain)
+        return rst.display(frame, chart)
+
+    disp = display
+
+    def display_comp(self, frame=None, chart=None, only_nonzero=True):
+        r"""
+        Display the section components with respect to a given frame,
+        one per line.
+
+        The output is either text-formatted (console mode) or LaTeX-formatted
+        (notebook mode).
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``frame`` -- (default: ``None``) local frame with respect to which
+          the section components are defined; if ``None``, then the default
+          frame on the section module is used
+        - ``chart`` -- (default: ``None``) chart specifying the coordinate
+          expression of the components; if ``None``, the default chart of the
+          section domain is used
+        - ``only_nonzero`` -- boolean (default: ``True``); if ``True``, only
+          nonzero components are displayed
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+
+        Display of the components of a section defined on two open subsets::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U')
+            sage: c_xy.<x, y> = U.chart()
+            sage: V = M.open_subset('V')
+            sage: c_uv.<u, v> = V.chart()
+            sage: M.declare_union(U,V)   # M is the union of U and V
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: e = E.local_frame('e', domain=U)
+            sage: f = E.local_frame('f', domain=V)
+            sage: s = E.section(name='s')
+            sage: s[e,0] = - x + y^3
+            sage: s[e,1] = 2+x
+            sage: s[f,1] = - u*v
+            sage: s.display_comp(e)
+            s^0 = y^3 - x
+            s^1 = x + 2
+            sage: s.display_comp(f)
+            s^1 = -u*v
+
+        See documentation of
+        :meth:`sage.manifolds.section.TrivialSection.display_comp`
+        for more options.
+        """
+        if frame is None:
+            frame = self._smodule.default_frame()
+            if frame is None:  # should be "is still None" ;-)
+                raise ValueError("a frame must be provided for the display")
+        rst = self.restrict(frame.domain())
+        return rst.display_comp(frame=frame, chart=chart,
+                                only_nonzero=only_nonzero)
+
+    def at(self, point):
+        r"""
+        Value of ``self`` at a point of its domain.
+
+        If the current section is
+
+        .. MATH::
+
+            s:\ U  \longrightarrow E ,
+
+        then for any point `p \in U`, `s(p)` is a vector in the fiber `E_p` of
+        `E` at `p`.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``point`` -- :class:`~sage.manifolds.point.ManifoldPoint`;
+          point `p` in the domain of the section `U`
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        - :class:`~sage.manifolds.vector_bundle_fiber_element.VectorBundleFiberElement`
+          representing the vector `s(p)` in the fiber `E_p` of `E` at `p`.
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+
+        Vector on a rank 2 vector bundle fiber over a non-parallelizable
+        2-dimensional manifold::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U') ; V = M.open_subset('V')
+            sage: M.declare_union(U,V)   # M is the union of U and V
+            sage: c_xy.<x,y> = U.chart() ; c_uv.<u,v> = V.chart()
+            sage: transf = c_xy.transition_map(c_uv, (x+y, x-y),
+            ....:                    intersection_name='W', restrictions1= x>0,
+            ....:                    restrictions2= u+v>0)
+            sage: inv = transf.inverse()
+            sage: W = U.intersection(V)
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E') # define vector bundle
+            sage: phi_U = E.trivialization('phi_U', domain=U) # define trivializations
+            sage: phi_V = E.trivialization('phi_V', domain=V)
+            sage: transf = phi_U.transition_map(phi_V, [[0,x],[x,0]])
+            sage: fU = phi_U.frame(); fV = phi_V.frame() # get induced frames
+            sage: s = E.section({fU: [1+y, x]}, name='s')
+            sage: s.add_comp_by_continuation(fV, W, chart=c_uv)
+            sage: s.display(fU)
+            s = (y + 1) (phi_U^*e_1) + x (phi_U^*e_2)
+            sage: s.display(fV)
+            s = (1/4*u^2 + 1/2*u*v + 1/4*v^2) (phi_V^*e_1) + (1/4*u^2 - 1/4*v^2
+             + 1/2*u + 1/2*v) (phi_V^*e_2)
+            sage: p = M.point((2,3), chart=c_xy, name='p')
+            sage: sp = s.at(p) ; sp
+            Vector s in the fiber of E at Point p on the 2-dimensional
+             topological manifold M
+            sage: sp.parent()
+            Fiber of E at Point p on the 2-dimensional topological manifold M
+            sage: sp.display(fU.at(p))
+            s = 4 (phi_U^*e_1) + 2 (phi_U^*e_2)
+            sage: sp.display(fV.at(p))
+            s = 4 (phi_V^*e_1) + 8 (phi_V^*e_2)
+            sage: p.coord(c_uv) # to check the above expression
+            (5, -1)
+        """
+        if point not in self._domain:
+            raise ValueError("the {} is not a point in the ".format(point) +
+                             "domain of {}".format(self))
+        for dom, rst in self._restrictions.items():
+            if point in dom:
+                return rst.at(point)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, args):
+        r"""
+        Return a component with respect to some frame.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``args`` -- list of indices defining the component; if ``[:]`` is
+          provided, all the components are returned
+
+        The frame can be passed as the first item of ``args``. If not, the
+        default frame of the corresponding section module is assumed.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(3, 'M', structure='top') # the 2-dimensional sphere S^3
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U') # complement of the North pole
+            sage: c_xyz.<x,y,z> = U.chart() # stereographic coordinates from the North pole
+            sage: V = M.open_subset('V') # complement of the South pole
+            sage: c_uvt.<u,v,t> = V.chart() # stereographic coordinates from the South pole
+            sage: M.declare_union(U,V)   # S^3 is the union of U and V
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(3, 'E')
+            sage: e = E.local_frame('e')
+            sage: s = E.section(name='s')
+            sage: s[e, :] = [x+y, -2*z, 3*y^2]
+            sage: s.__getitem__(1)
+            -2*z
+            sage: s.__getitem__(2)
+            3*y^2
+            sage: s.__getitem__((e,1))
+            -2*z
+            sage: s.__getitem__((e, 1, c_xyz))
+            -2*z
+            sage: s.__getitem__(slice(None))
+            [x + y, -2*z, 3*y^2]
+            sage: s.__getitem__((e,slice(None)))
+            [x + y, -2*z, 3*y^2]
+            sage: s.__getitem__((e,[slice(None)]))
+            [Scalar field on the 3-dimensional topological manifold M,
+             Scalar field on the 3-dimensional topological manifold M,
+             Scalar field on the 3-dimensional topological manifold M]
+        """
+        if isinstance(args, str): # section with specified indices
+            return TensorWithIndices(self, args).update()
+        if isinstance(args, list):  # case of [[...]] syntax
+            if not isinstance(args[0], (int, Integer, slice)):
+                frame = args[0]
+                args = args[1:]
+            else:
+                frame = self._smodule.default_frame()
+        else:
+            if isinstance(args, (int, Integer, slice)):
+                frame = self._smodule.default_frame()
+            elif not isinstance(args[0], (int, Integer, slice)):
+                frame = args[0]
+                args = args[1:]
+            else:
+                frame = self._smodule.default_frame()
+        return self.comp(frame)[args]
+
+    def __setitem__(self, args, value):
+        r"""
+        Set a component with respect to some local frame.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``args`` -- list of indices; if ``[:]`` is provided, all the
+          components are set; the frame can be passed as the first item
+          of ``args``; if not, the default frame of the corresponding section
+          module is assumed
+        - ``value`` -- the value to be set or a list of values if
+          ``args = [:]``
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(3, 'M', structure='top') # the 3-dimensional sphere S^3
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U') # complement of the North pole
+            sage: c_xyz.<x,y,z> = U.chart() # stereographic coordinates from the North pole
+            sage: V = M.open_subset('V') # complement of the South pole
+            sage: c_uvt.<u,v,t> = V.chart() # stereographic coordinates from the South pole
+            sage: M.declare_union(U,V)   # S^3 is the union of U and V
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(3, 'E')
+            sage: e = E.local_frame('e')
+            sage: s = E.section(name='s')
+            sage: s.__setitem__((e, 0), x+y^2)
+            sage: s.display(e)
+            s = (y^2 + x) e_0
+            sage: s.__setitem__(0, x+y^2)  # same as above since e is the default frame on E
+            sage: s.display()
+            s = (y^2 + x) e_0
+            sage: s.__setitem__(slice(None), [x+y, 3*y^2, x*y])
+            sage: s.display()
+            s = (x + y) e_0 + 3*y^2 e_1 + x*y e_2
+        """
+        if isinstance(args, list):  # case of [[...]] syntax
+            if not isinstance(args[0], (int, Integer, slice)):
+                frame = args[0]
+                args = args[1:]
+            else:
+                frame = self._smodule.default_frame()
+        else:
+            if isinstance(args, (int, Integer, slice)):
+                frame = self._smodule.default_frame()
+            elif not isinstance(args[0], (int, Integer, slice)):
+                frame = args[0]
+                args = args[1:]
+            else:
+                frame = self._smodule.default_frame()
+        self.set_comp(frame)[args] = value
+
+    def copy_from(self, other):
+        r"""
+        Make ``self`` a copy of ``other``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``other`` -- other section, in the same module as ``self``
+
+        .. NOTE::
+
+            While the derived quantities are not copied, the name is kept.
+
+        .. WARNING::
+
+            All previous defined components and restrictions will be deleted!
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U') ; V = M.open_subset('V')
+            sage: M.declare_union(U,V)   # M is the union of U and V
+            sage: c_xy.<x,y> = U.chart() ; c_uv.<u,v> = V.chart()
+            sage: xy_to_uv = c_xy.transition_map(c_uv, (x+y, x-y),
+            ....:                    intersection_name='W', restrictions1= x>0,
+            ....:                    restrictions2= u+v>0)
+            sage: uv_to_xy = xy_to_uv.inverse()
+            sage: W = U.intersection(V)
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E') # define vector bundle
+            sage: phi_U = E.trivialization('phi_U', domain=U) # define trivializations
+            sage: phi_V = E.trivialization('phi_V', domain=V)
+            sage: transf = phi_U.transition_map(phi_V, [[0,x],[x,0]])
+            sage: fU = phi_U.frame(); fV = phi_V.frame()
+            sage: s = E.section(name='s')
+            sage: s[fU,:] = [2, 1-y]
+            sage: s.add_comp_by_continuation(fV, U.intersection(V), c_uv)
+            sage: t = E.section(name='t')
+            sage: t.copy_from(s)
+            sage: t.display(fU)
+            t = 2 (phi_U^*e_1) + (-y + 1) (phi_U^*e_2)
+            sage: s == t
+            True
+
+        If the original section is modified, the copy is not::
+
+            sage: s[fU,0] = -1
+            sage: s.display(fU)
+            s = -(phi_U^*e_1) + (-y + 1) (phi_U^*e_2)
+            sage: t.display(fU)
+            t = 2 (phi_U^*e_1) + (-y + 1) (phi_U^*e_2)
+            sage: s == t
+            False
+        """
+        if self.is_immutable():
+            raise ValueError("the components of an immutable element "
+                             "cannot be changed")
+        if other not in self.parent():
+            raise TypeError("the original must be an element of "
+                            f"{self.parent()}")
+        self._del_derived()
+        self._del_restrictions() # delete restrictions
+        for dom, rst in other._restrictions.items():
+            self._restrictions[dom] = rst.copy(name=self._name,
+                                               latex_name=self._latex_name)
+        self._is_zero = other._is_zero
+
+    def copy(self, name=None, latex_name=None):
+        r"""
+        Return an exact copy of ``self``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``name`` -- (default: ``None``) name given to the copy
+        - ``latex_name`` -- (default: ``None``) LaTeX symbol to denote the
+          copy; if none is provided, the LaTeX symbol is set to ``name``
+
+        .. NOTE::
+
+            The name and the derived quantities are not copied.
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+
+        Copy of a section on a rank 2 vector bundle over a 2-dimensional
+        manifold::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U') ; V = M.open_subset('V')
+            sage: M.declare_union(U,V)   # M is the union of U and V
+            sage: c_xy.<x,y> = U.chart() ; c_uv.<u,v> = V.chart()
+            sage: xy_to_uv = c_xy.transition_map(c_uv, (x+y, x-y),
+            ....:                    intersection_name='W', restrictions1= x>0,
+            ....:                    restrictions2= u+v>0)
+            sage: uv_to_xy = xy_to_uv.inverse()
+            sage: W = U.intersection(V)
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E') # define vector bundle
+            sage: phi_U = E.trivialization('phi_U', domain=U) # define trivializations
+            sage: phi_V = E.trivialization('phi_V', domain=V)
+            sage: transf = phi_U.transition_map(phi_V, [[0,x],[x,0]])
+            sage: fU = phi_U.frame(); fV = phi_V.frame()
+            sage: s = E.section(name='s')
+            sage: s[fU,:] = [2, 1-y]
+            sage: s.add_comp_by_continuation(fV, U.intersection(V), c_uv)
+            sage: t = s.copy(); t
+            Section on the 2-dimensional topological manifold M with values in
+             the real vector bundle E of rank 2
+            sage: t.display(fU)
+            2 (phi_U^*e_1) + (-y + 1) (phi_U^*e_2)
+            sage: t == s
+            True
+
+        If the original section is modified, the copy is not::
+
+            sage: s[fU,0] = -1
+            sage: s.display(fU)
+            s = -(phi_U^*e_1) + (-y + 1) (phi_U^*e_2)
+            sage: t.display(fU)
+            2 (phi_U^*e_1) + (-y + 1) (phi_U^*e_2)
+            sage: t == s
+            False
+        """
+        resu = self._new_instance()
+        # set resu name
+        if name is not None:
+            resu._name = name
+            if latex_name is None:
+                resu._latex_name = name
+        if latex_name is not None:
+            resu._latex_name = latex_name
+        # set restrictions
+        for dom, rst in self._restrictions.items():
+            resu._restrictions[dom] = rst.copy(name=name,
+                                               latex_name=latex_name)
+        resu._is_zero = self._is_zero
+        return resu
+
+    def _common_subdomains(self, other):
+        r"""
+        Return the list of subdomains of ``self._domain`` on which
+        both ``self`` and ``other`` have known restrictions.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U') ; V = M.open_subset('V')
+            sage: M.declare_union(U,V)   # M is the union of U and V
+            sage: c_xy.<x,y> = U.chart() ; c_uv.<u,v> = V.chart()
+            sage: xy_to_uv = c_xy.transition_map(c_uv, (x+y, x-y),
+            ....:                    intersection_name='W', restrictions1= x>0,
+            ....:                    restrictions2= u+v>0)
+            sage: uv_to_xy = xy_to_uv.inverse()
+            sage: W = U.intersection(V)
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E') # define vector bundle
+            sage: phi_U = E.trivialization('phi_U', domain=U) # define trivializations
+            sage: phi_V = E.trivialization('phi_V', domain=V)
+            sage: transf = phi_U.transition_map(phi_V, [[0,x],[x,0]])
+            sage: fU = phi_U.frame(); fV = phi_V.frame()
+            sage: s = E.section(name='s')
+            sage: s[fU,:] = [x+y, 0]
+            sage: s.add_comp_by_continuation(fV, U.intersection(V), c_uv)
+            sage: sorted(s._common_subdomains(s), key=str)
+            [Open subset U of the 2-dimensional topological manifold M,
+             Open subset V of the 2-dimensional topological manifold M,
+             Open subset W of the 2-dimensional topological manifold M]
+            sage: t = E.section(name='t')
+            sage: t._common_subdomains(s)
+            []
+            sage: t[fU, 0] = 0
+            sage: t._common_subdomains(s)
+            [Open subset U of the 2-dimensional topological manifold M]
+            sage: t[fV, 0] = 0
+            sage: sorted(t._common_subdomains(s), key=str)
+            [Open subset U of the 2-dimensional topological manifold M,
+             Open subset V of the 2-dimensional topological manifold M]
+        """
+        resu = []
+        for dom in self._restrictions:
+            if dom in other._restrictions:
+                resu.append(dom)
+        return resu
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        r"""
+        Comparison (equality) operator.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``other`` -- a section or 0
+
+        OUTPUT: ``True`` if ``self`` is equal to ``other`` and ``False`` otherwise
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U') ; V = M.open_subset('V')
+            sage: M.declare_union(U,V)   # M is the union of U and V
+            sage: c_xy.<x,y> = U.chart() ; c_uv.<u,v> = V.chart()
+            sage: xy_to_uv = c_xy.transition_map(c_uv, (x+y, x-y),
+            ....:                    intersection_name='W', restrictions1= x>0,
+            ....:                    restrictions2= u+v>0)
+            sage: uv_to_xy = xy_to_uv.inverse()
+            sage: W = U.intersection(V)
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E') # define vector bundle
+            sage: phi_U = E.trivialization('phi_U', domain=U) # define trivializations
+            sage: phi_V = E.trivialization('phi_V', domain=V)
+            sage: transf = phi_U.transition_map(phi_V, [[0,x],[x,0]])
+            sage: fU = phi_U.frame(); fV = phi_V.frame()
+            sage: s = E.section(name='s')
+            sage: s[fU,:] = [x+y, 0]
+            sage: s.add_comp_by_continuation(fV, U.intersection(V), c_uv)
+            sage: s == s
+            True
+            sage: s == s.copy()
+            True
+            sage: t = E.section(name='t')
+            sage: t.set_restriction(s.restrict(U))
+            sage: s == t  # False since t has not been defined on V
+            False
+            sage: t.set_restriction(s.restrict(V))
+            sage: s == t  # True now
+            True
+            sage: t[fU, 0] = -1
+            sage: s == t  # False since a has been reset on U (domain of fU)
+            False
+            sage: s.parent().zero() == 0
+            True
+        """
+        if other is self:
+            return True
+        if other in ZZ: # to compare with 0
+            if other == 0:
+                return self.is_zero()
+            return False
+        elif not isinstance(other, Section):
+            return False
+        else: # other is another section
+            if other._smodule != self._smodule:
+                return False
+            # Non-trivial open covers of the domain:
+            for oc in self._domain.open_covers(trivial=False):
+                resu = True
+                for dom in oc:
+                    try:
+                        resu = resu and \
+                                bool(self.restrict(dom) == other.restrict(dom))
+                    except ValueError:
+                        break
+                else:
+                    # If this point is reached, no exception has occurred; hence
+                    # the result is valid and can be returned:
+                    return resu
+            # If this point is reached, the comparison has not been possible
+            # on any open cover; we then compare the restrictions to
+            # subdomains:
+            if not self._restrictions:
+                return False  # self is not initialized
+            if len(self._restrictions) != len(other._restrictions):
+                return False  # the restrictions are not on the same subdomains
+            resu = True
+            for dom, rst in self._restrictions.items():
+                if dom in other._restrictions:
+                    resu = resu and bool(rst == other._restrictions[dom])
+                else:
+                    return False  # the restrictions are not on the same
+                                  # subdomains
+            return resu
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        r"""
+        Inequality operator.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``other`` -- section or 0
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        - ``True`` if ``self`` is different from ``other`` and ``False``
+          otherwise
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U') ; V = M.open_subset('V')
+            sage: M.declare_union(U,V)   # M is the union of U and V
+            sage: c_xy.<x,y> = U.chart() ; c_uv.<u,v> = V.chart()
+            sage: xy_to_uv = c_xy.transition_map(c_uv, (x+y, x-y),
+            ....:                    intersection_name='W', restrictions1= x>0,
+            ....:                    restrictions2= u+v>0)
+            sage: uv_to_xy = xy_to_uv.inverse()
+            sage: W = U.intersection(V)
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E') # define vector bundle
+            sage: phi_U = E.trivialization('phi_U', domain=U) # define trivializations
+            sage: phi_V = E.trivialization('phi_V', domain=V)
+            sage: transf = phi_U.transition_map(phi_V, [[0,x],[x,0]])
+            sage: fU = phi_U.frame(); fV = phi_V.frame()
+            sage: s = E.section(name='s')
+            sage: s[fU,:] = [x+y, 0]
+            sage: s.add_comp_by_continuation(fV, U.intersection(V), c_uv)
+            sage: s != s
+            False
+            sage: s != s.copy()
+            False
+            sage: s != 0
+            True
+        """
+        return not (self == other)
+
+    def __pos__(self):
+        r"""
+        Unary plus operator.
+
+        OUTPUT: an exact copy of ``self``
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U') ; V = M.open_subset('V')
+            sage: M.declare_union(U,V)   # M is the union of U and V
+            sage: c_xy.<x,y> = U.chart() ; c_uv.<u,v> = V.chart()
+            sage: xy_to_uv = c_xy.transition_map(c_uv, (x+y, x-y),
+            ....:                    intersection_name='W', restrictions1= x>0,
+            ....:                    restrictions2= u+v>0)
+            sage: uv_to_xy = xy_to_uv.inverse()
+            sage: W = U.intersection(V)
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E') # define vector bundle
+            sage: phi_U = E.trivialization('phi_U', domain=U) # define trivializations
+            sage: phi_V = E.trivialization('phi_V', domain=V)
+            sage: transf = phi_U.transition_map(phi_V, [[0,x],[x,0]])
+            sage: fU = phi_U.frame(); fV = phi_V.frame()
+            sage: s = E.section(name='s')
+            sage: s[fU,:] = [x, 1]
+            sage: s.add_comp_by_continuation(fV, U.intersection(V), c_uv)
+            sage: t = s.__pos__(); t
+            Section +s on the 2-dimensional topological manifold M with values
+             in the real vector bundle E of rank 2
+            sage: t.display(fU)
+            +s = x (phi_U^*e_1) + (phi_U^*e_2)
+        """
+        resu = self._new_instance()
+        for dom, rst in self._restrictions.items():
+            resu._restrictions[dom] = + rst
+        if self._name is not None:
+            resu._name = '+' + self._name
+        if self._latex_name is not None:
+            resu._latex_name = '+' + self._latex_name
+        return resu
+
+    def __neg__(self):
+        r"""
+        Unary minus operator.
+
+        OUTPUT: the tensor field `-T`, where `T` is ``self``
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U') ; V = M.open_subset('V')
+            sage: M.declare_union(U,V)   # M is the union of U and V
+            sage: c_xy.<x,y> = U.chart() ; c_uv.<u,v> = V.chart()
+            sage: xy_to_uv = c_xy.transition_map(c_uv, (x+y, x-y),
+            ....:                    intersection_name='W', restrictions1= x>0,
+            ....:                    restrictions2= u+v>0)
+            sage: uv_to_xy = xy_to_uv.inverse()
+            sage: W = U.intersection(V)
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E') # define vector bundle
+            sage: phi_U = E.trivialization('phi_U', domain=U) # define trivializations
+            sage: phi_V = E.trivialization('phi_V', domain=V)
+            sage: transf = phi_U.transition_map(phi_V, [[0,x],[x,0]])
+            sage: fU = phi_U.frame(); fV = phi_V.frame()
+            sage: s = E.section(name='s')
+            sage: s[fU,:] = [x, 1]
+            sage: s.add_comp_by_continuation(fV, U.intersection(V), c_uv)
+            sage: s.display(fU)
+            s = x (phi_U^*e_1) + (phi_U^*e_2)
+            sage: s.display(fV)
+            s = (1/2*u + 1/2*v) (phi_V^*e_1) + (1/4*u^2 + 1/2*u*v + 1/4*v^2) (phi_V^*e_2)
+            sage: t = s.__neg__(); t
+            Section -s on the 2-dimensional topological manifold M with values
+             in the real vector bundle E of rank 2
+            sage: t.display(fU)
+            -s = -x (phi_U^*e_1) - (phi_U^*e_2)
+            sage: t.display(fV)
+            -s = (-1/2*u - 1/2*v) (phi_V^*e_1) + (-1/4*u^2 - 1/2*u*v - 1/4*v^2) (phi_V^*e_2)
+            sage: s == -t  # indirect doctest
+            True
+        """
+        resu = self._new_instance()
+        for dom, rst in self._restrictions.items():
+            resu._restrictions[dom] = - rst
+        if self._name is not None:
+            resu._name = '-' + self._name
+        if self._latex_name is not None:
+            resu._latex_name = '-' + self._latex_name
+        return resu
+
+    ######### ModuleElement arithmetic operators ########
+
+    def _add_(self, other):
+        r"""
+        Section addition.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``other`` -- a section, in the same section module as ``self``
+
+        OUTPUT: the section resulting from the addition of ``self`` and ``other``
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U') ; V = M.open_subset('V')
+            sage: M.declare_union(U,V)   # M is the union of U and V
+            sage: c_xy.<x,y> = U.chart() ; c_uv.<u,v> = V.chart()
+            sage: xy_to_uv = c_xy.transition_map(c_uv, (x+y, x-y),
+            ....:                    intersection_name='W', restrictions1= x>0,
+            ....:                    restrictions2= u+v>0)
+            sage: uv_to_xy = xy_to_uv.inverse()
+            sage: W = U.intersection(V)
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E') # define vector bundle
+            sage: phi_U = E.trivialization('phi_U', domain=U) # define trivializations
+            sage: phi_V = E.trivialization('phi_V', domain=V)
+            sage: transf = phi_U.transition_map(phi_V, [[0,x],[x,0]])
+            sage: fU = phi_U.frame(); fV = phi_V.frame()
+            sage: s = E.section(name='s')
+            sage: s[fU,:] = [x, 1]
+            sage: s.add_comp_by_continuation(fV, U.intersection(V), c_uv)
+            sage: t = E.section(name='t')
+            sage: t[fU,:] = [2, y]
+            sage: t.add_comp_by_continuation(fV, U.intersection(V), c_uv)
+            sage: u = s._add_(t); u
+            Section s+t on the 2-dimensional topological manifold M with values
+             in the real vector bundle E of rank 2
+            sage: s.display(fU)
+            s = x (phi_U^*e_1) + (phi_U^*e_2)
+            sage: t.display(fU)
+            t = 2 (phi_U^*e_1) + y (phi_U^*e_2)
+            sage: u.display(fU)
+            s+t = (x + 2) (phi_U^*e_1) + (y + 1) (phi_U^*e_2)
+            sage: u == s + t  # indirect doctest
+            True
+            sage: z = s.parent().zero(); z
+            Section zero on the 2-dimensional topological manifold M with values
+             in the real vector bundle E of rank 2
+            sage: s._add_(z) == s
+            True
+            sage: z._add_(s) == s
+            True
+        """
+        # Case zero:
+        if self._is_zero:
+            return other
+        if other._is_zero:
+            return self
+        # Generic case:
+        resu_rst = {}
+        for dom in self._common_subdomains(other):
+            resu_rst[dom] = self._restrictions[dom] + other._restrictions[dom]
+        resu = self._vbundle.section(domain=self._domain)
+        resu._restrictions = resu_rst
+        if self._name is not None and other._name is not None:
+            resu._name = self._name + '+' + other._name
+        if self._latex_name is not None and other._latex_name is not None:
+            resu._latex_name = self._latex_name + '+' + other._latex_name
+        return resu
+
+    def _sub_(self, other):
+        r"""
+        Section subtraction.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``other`` -- a section in the same section module as ``self``
+
+        OUTPUT: the section resulting from the subtraction of ``other`` from ``self``
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U') ; V = M.open_subset('V')
+            sage: M.declare_union(U,V)   # M is the union of U and V
+            sage: c_xy.<x,y> = U.chart() ; c_uv.<u,v> = V.chart()
+            sage: xy_to_uv = c_xy.transition_map(c_uv, (x+y, x-y),
+            ....:                    intersection_name='W', restrictions1= x>0,
+            ....:                    restrictions2= u+v>0)
+            sage: uv_to_xy = xy_to_uv.inverse()
+            sage: W = U.intersection(V)
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E') # define vector bundle
+            sage: phi_U = E.trivialization('phi_U', domain=U) # define trivializations
+            sage: phi_V = E.trivialization('phi_V', domain=V)
+            sage: transf = phi_U.transition_map(phi_V, [[0,x],[x,0]])
+            sage: fU = phi_U.frame(); fV = phi_V.frame()
+            sage: s = E.section(name='s')
+            sage: s[fU,:] = [x, 1]
+            sage: s.add_comp_by_continuation(fV, U.intersection(V), c_uv)
+            sage: t = E.section(name='t')
+            sage: t[fU,:] = [2, y]
+            sage: t.add_comp_by_continuation(fV, U.intersection(V), c_uv)
+            sage: u = s._sub_(t); s
+            Section s on the 2-dimensional topological manifold M with values in
+             the real vector bundle E of rank 2
+            sage: s.display(fU)
+            s = x (phi_U^*e_1) + (phi_U^*e_2)
+            sage: t.display(fU)
+            t = 2 (phi_U^*e_1) + y (phi_U^*e_2)
+            sage: u.display(fU)
+            s-t = (x - 2) (phi_U^*e_1) + (-y + 1) (phi_U^*e_2)
+            sage: u == s - t
+            True
+            sage: z = s.parent().zero()
+            sage: s._sub_(z) == s
+            True
+            sage: z._sub_(s) == -s
+            True
+        """
+        # Case zero:
+        if self._is_zero:
+            return -other
+        if other._is_zero:
+            return self
+        # Generic case:
+        resu_rst = {}
+        for dom in self._common_subdomains(other):
+            resu_rst[dom] = self._restrictions[dom] - other._restrictions[dom]
+        resu = self._vbundle.section(domain=self._domain)
+        resu._restrictions = resu_rst
+        if self._name is not None and other._name is not None:
+            resu._name = self._name + '-' + other._name
+        if self._latex_name is not None and other._latex_name is not None:
+            resu._latex_name = self._latex_name + '-' + other._latex_name
+        return resu
+
+    def _rmul_(self, scalar):
+        r"""
+        Reflected multiplication operator: performs ``scalar * self``.
+
+        This is actually the multiplication by an element of the ring over
+        which the tensor field module is constructed.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``scalar`` -- scalar field in the scalar field algebra over which
+          the module containing ``self`` is defined
+
+        OUTPUT: the tensor field ``scalar * self``
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U') ; V = M.open_subset('V')
+            sage: M.declare_union(U,V)   # M is the union of U and V
+            sage: c_xy.<x,y> = U.chart() ; c_uv.<u,v> = V.chart()
+            sage: xy_to_uv = c_xy.transition_map(c_uv, (x+y, x-y),
+            ....:                    intersection_name='W', restrictions1= x>0,
+            ....:                    restrictions2= u+v>0)
+            sage: uv_to_xy = xy_to_uv.inverse()
+            sage: W = U.intersection(V)
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E') # define vector bundle
+            sage: phi_U = E.trivialization('phi_U', domain=U) # define trivializations
+            sage: phi_V = E.trivialization('phi_V', domain=V)
+            sage: transf = phi_U.transition_map(phi_V, [[0,x],[x,0]])
+            sage: fU = phi_U.frame(); fV = phi_V.frame()
+            sage: s = E.section(name='s')
+            sage: s[fU,:] = [x, 1]
+            sage: s.add_comp_by_continuation(fV, U.intersection(V), c_uv)
+            sage: g = M.scalar_field({c_xy: 1/(1+x^2+y^2)}, name='g')
+            sage: g.add_expr_by_continuation(c_uv, U.intersection(V))
+            sage: g.display()
+            g: M → ℝ
+            on U: (x, y) ↦ 1/(x^2 + y^2 + 1)
+            on V: (u, v) ↦ 2/(u^2 + v^2 + 2)
+            sage: t = s._rmul_(g); t
+            Section g*s on the 2-dimensional topological manifold M with values
+             in the real vector bundle E of rank 2
+            sage: s.display(fU)
+            s = x (phi_U^*e_1) + (phi_U^*e_2)
+            sage: t.display(fU)
+            g*s = x/(x^2 + y^2 + 1) (phi_U^*e_1) + 1/(x^2 + y^2 + 1) (phi_U^*e_2)
+            sage: s.display(fV)
+            s = (1/2*u + 1/2*v) (phi_V^*e_1) + (1/4*u^2 + 1/2*u*v + 1/4*v^2) (phi_V^*e_2)
+            sage: t.display(fV)
+            g*s = (u + v)/(u^2 + v^2 + 2) (phi_V^*e_1) + 1/2*(u^2 + 2*u*v + v^2)/(u^2 + v^2 + 2) (phi_V^*e_2)
+            sage: t == g*s  # indirect doctest
+            True
+            sage: z = s.parent().zero(); z
+            Section zero on the 2-dimensional topological manifold M with values
+             in the real vector bundle E of rank 2
+            sage: s._rmul_(M.zero_scalar_field()) == z
+            True
+            sage: z._rmul_(g) == z
+            True
+        """
+        ###
+        # Case zero:
+        zero = scalar.parent().zero()
+        if scalar is zero:
+            return self.parent().zero()
+        ###
+        # Case one:
+        one = scalar.parent().one()
+        if scalar is one:
+            return self.copy()
+        ###
+        # General case:
+        from sage.tensor.modules.format_utilities import (
+            format_mul_latex,
+            format_mul_txt,
+        )
+        resu = self._new_instance()
+        for dom, rst in self._restrictions.items():
+            resu._restrictions[dom] = scalar.restrict(dom) * rst
+        resu_name = format_mul_txt(scalar._name, '*', self._name)
+        resu_latex = format_mul_latex(scalar._latex_name, r' \cdot ',
+                                      self._latex_name)
+        resu.set_name(name=resu_name, latex_name=resu_latex)
+        return resu
+
+    ######### End of ModuleElement arithmetic operators ########
+
+    def set_immutable(self):
+        r"""
+        Set ``self`` and all restrictions of ``self`` immutable.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M')
+            sage: X.<x,y> = M.chart()
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U', coord_def={X: x^2+y^2<1})
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: e = E.local_frame('e')
+            sage: s = E.section([1+y,x], name='s')
+            sage: sU = s.restrict(U)
+            sage: s.set_immutable()
+            sage: s.is_immutable()
+            True
+            sage: sU.is_immutable()
+            True
+        """
+        for rst in self._restrictions.values():
+            rst.set_immutable()
+        super().set_immutable()
+
+#******************************************************************************
+
+
+class TrivialSection(FiniteRankFreeModuleElement, Section):
+    r"""
+    Section in a trivial vector bundle.
+
+    An instance of this class is a section in a vector bundle `E \to M` of class
+    `C^k`, where `E|_U` is manifestly trivial. More precisely, a *(local)
+    section* on a subset `U \in M` is a map of class `C^k`
+
+    .. MATH::
+
+        s: U \longrightarrow E
+
+    such that
+
+    .. MATH::
+
+        \forall p \in U,\ s(p) \in E_p
+
+    where `E_p` denotes the vector bundle fiber of `E` over the point `p \in U`.
+    `E` being trivial means `E` being homeomorphic to `E \times F`, for `F` is
+    the typical fiber of `E`, namely the underlying topological vector space. By
+    this means, `s` can be seen as a map of class `C^k(U;E)`
+
+    .. MATH::
+
+        s: U \longrightarrow F ,
+
+    so that the set of all sections `C^k(U;E)` becomes a *free* module over the
+    algebra of scalar fields on `U`.
+
+    .. NOTE::
+
+        If `E|_U` is not manifestly trivial, the class
+        :class:`~sage.manifolds.section.Section` should be used instead.
+
+    This is a Sage *element* class, the corresponding *parent* class being
+    :class:`~sage.manifolds.section_module.SectionFreeModule`.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``section_module`` -- free module `C^k(U;E)` of sections on `E` over `U`
+      (cf. :class:`~sage.manifolds.section_module.SectionFreeModule`)
+    - ``name`` -- (default: ``None``) name given to the section
+    - ``latex_name`` -- (default: ``None``) LaTeX symbol to denote the section;
+      if none is provided, the LaTeX symbol is set to ``name``
+
+    EXAMPLES:
+
+    A section on a trivial rank 3 vector bundle over the 3-sphere::
+
+        sage: M = Manifold(3, 'S^3', structure='top')
+        sage: U = M.open_subset('U') ; V = M.open_subset('V') # complement of the North and South pole, respectively
+        sage: M.declare_union(U,V)
+        sage: stereoN.<x,y,z> = U.chart() # stereographic coordinates from the North pole
+        sage: stereoS.<u,v,t> = V.chart() # stereographic coordinates from the South pole
+        sage: xyz_to_uvt = stereoN.transition_map(stereoS,
+        ....:           (x/(x^2+y^2+z^2), y/(x^2+y^2+z^2), z/(x^2+y^2+z^2)),
+        ....:           intersection_name='W',
+        ....:           restrictions1= x^2+y^2+z^2!=0,
+        ....:           restrictions2= u^2+v^2+t^2!=0)
+        sage: W = U.intersection(V)
+        sage: uvt_to_xyz = xyz_to_uvt.inverse()
+        sage: E = M.vector_bundle(3, 'E')
+        sage: e = E.local_frame('e') # Trivializes E
+        sage: s = E.section(name='s'); s
+        Section s on the 3-dimensional topological manifold S^3 with values in
+         the real vector bundle E of rank 3
+        sage: s[e,:] = z^2, x-y, 1-x
+        sage: s.display()
+        s = z^2 e_0 + (x - y) e_1 + (-x + 1) e_2
+
+    Since `E` is trivial, `s` is now element of a free section module::
+
+        sage: s.parent()
+        Free module C^0(S^3;E) of sections on the 3-dimensional topological
+         manifold S^3 with values in the real vector bundle E of rank 3
+        sage: isinstance(s.parent(), FiniteRankFreeModule)
+        True
+    """
+    def __init__(self, section_module, name=None, latex_name=None):
+        r"""
+        Construct a section on a trivial vector bundle.
+
+        TESTS:
+
+        Construction via ``parent.element_class``, and not via a direct call
+        to ``TrivialSection``, to fit with the category framework::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: X.<x,y> = M.chart()
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: e = E.local_frame('e')
+            sage: C0 = E.section_module()
+            sage: s = C0.element_class(C0, name='s'); s
+            Section s on the 2-dimensional topological manifold M with values in
+             the real vector bundle E of rank 2
+            sage: s[:] = [1+x^2, x*y]
+            sage: s.display()
+            s = (x^2 + 1) e_0 + x*y e_1
+            sage: s.parent()
+            Free module C^0(M;E) of sections on the 2-dimensional topological
+             manifold M with values in the real vector bundle E of rank 2
+            sage: TestSuite(s).run()
+        """
+        FiniteRankFreeModuleElement.__init__(self, section_module,
+                                             name=name, latex_name=latex_name)
+        self._domain = section_module.domain()
+        self._vbundle = section_module.vector_bundle()
+        self._base_space = section_module.base_space()
+        self._smodule = section_module
+        self._is_zero = False  # a priori
+        # Initialization of derived quantities:
+        self._init_derived()
+
+    def _init_derived(self):
+        r"""
+        Initialize the derived quantities.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: e = E.local_frame('e') # makes E trivial
+            sage: s = E.section(name='s')
+            sage: s._init_derived()
+        """
+        FiniteRankFreeModuleElement._init_derived(self)
+        Section._init_derived(self)
+
+    def _del_derived(self, del_restrictions=True):
+        r"""
+        Delete the derived quantities.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``del_restrictions`` -- boolean (default: ``True``); determines whether the
+          restrictions of ``self`` to subdomains are deleted
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: e = E.local_frame('e') # makes E trivial
+            sage: s = E.section(name='s')
+            sage: s._del_derived()
+        """
+        FiniteRankFreeModuleElement._del_derived(self)
+        Section._del_derived(self, del_restrictions=del_restrictions)
+
+    def _repr_(self) :
+        r"""
+        String representation of ``self``.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: e = E.local_frame('e') # makes E trivial
+            sage: s = E.section(name='s')
+            sage: s._repr_()
+            'Section s on the 2-dimensional topological manifold M with values
+             in the real vector bundle E of rank 2'
+            sage: repr(s)  # indirect doctest
+            'Section s on the 2-dimensional topological manifold M with values
+             in the real vector bundle E of rank 2'
+            sage: s  # indirect doctest
+            Section s on the 2-dimensional topological manifold M with values in
+             the real vector bundle E of rank 2
+        """
+        return Section._repr_(self)
+
+    def _new_instance(self):
+        r"""
+        Create an instance of the same class as ``self`` on the same section
+        module.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: e = E.local_frame('e') # makes E trivial
+            sage: s = E.section(name='s')
+            sage: s._new_instance()
+            Section on the 2-dimensional topological manifold M with values in
+             the real vector bundle E of rank 2
+            sage: type(s._new_instance()) is type(s)
+            True
+        """
+        return type(self)(self._smodule)
+
+    def _set_comp_unsafe(self, basis=None):
+        r"""
+        Return the components of the section in a given local frame for
+        assignment. This private method invokes no security check. Use
+        this method at your own risk.
+
+        The components with respect to other frames on the same domain are
+        deleted, in order to avoid any inconsistency. To keep them, use the
+        method :meth:`_add_comp_unsafe` instead.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``basis`` -- (default: ``None``) local frame in which the
+          components are defined; if none is provided, the components are
+          assumed to refer to the section module's default frame
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        - components in the given frame, as an instance of the
+          class :class:`~sage.tensor.modules.comp.Components`; if such
+          components did not exist previously, they are created
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: X.<x,y> = M.chart()
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: e = E.local_frame('e') # makes E trivial
+            sage: s = E.section(name='s')
+            sage: s._set_comp_unsafe(e)
+            1-index components w.r.t. Local frame (E|_M, (e_0,e_1))
+            sage: s._set_comp_unsafe(e)[0] = 2
+            sage: s.display(e)
+            s = 2 e_0
+
+        Setting components in a new frame (``f``)::
+
+            sage: f = E.local_frame('f')
+            sage: s._set_comp_unsafe(f)
+            1-index components w.r.t. Local frame (E|_M, (f_0,f_1))
+            sage: s._set_comp_unsafe(f)[0] = x
+            sage: s.display(f)
+            s = x f_0
+
+        The components with respect to the frame ``e`` have be erased::
+
+            sage: s.display(e)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: no basis could be found for computing the components
+             in the Local frame (E|_M, (e_0,e_1))
+
+        Setting components in a frame defined on a subdomain deletes
+        previously defined components as well::
+
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U', coord_def={X: x>0})
+            sage: g = E.local_frame('g', domain=U)
+            sage: s._set_comp_unsafe(g)
+            1-index components w.r.t. Local frame (E|_U, (g_0,g_1))
+            sage: s._set_comp_unsafe(g)[0] = 1+y
+            sage: s.display(g)
+            s = (y + 1) g_0
+            sage: s.display(f)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: no basis could be found for computing the components
+             in the Local frame (E|_M, (f_0,f_1))
+        """
+        if basis is None:
+            basis = self._smodule.default_frame()
+
+        if basis._domain == self._domain:
+            # Setting components on the section domain:
+            return FiniteRankFreeModuleElement._set_comp_unsafe(self,
+                                                                basis=basis)
+        # Setting components on a subdomain:
+        #
+        # Creating or saving the restriction to the subdomain:
+        rst = self.restrict(basis._domain)
+        # Deleting all the components on self._domain and the derived
+        # quantities:
+        self._components.clear()
+        # Restoring the restriction to the subdomain (which has been
+        # deleted by _del_derived):
+        self._restrictions[basis._domain] = rst
+        # The set_comp operation is performed on the subdomain:
+        return rst._set_comp_unsafe(basis=basis)
+
+    def set_comp(self, basis=None):
+        r"""
+        Return the components of the section in a given local frame for
+        assignment.
+
+        The components with respect to other frames on the same domain are
+        deleted, in order to avoid any inconsistency. To keep them, use the
+        method :meth:`add_comp` instead.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``basis`` -- (default: ``None``) local frame in which the
+          components are defined; if none is provided, the components are
+          assumed to refer to the section module's default frame
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        - components in the given frame, as an instance of the
+          class :class:`~sage.tensor.modules.comp.Components`; if such
+          components did not exist previously, they are created
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: X.<x,y> = M.chart()
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: e = E.local_frame('e') # makes E trivial
+            sage: s = E.section(name='s')
+            sage: s.set_comp(e)
+            1-index components w.r.t. Local frame (E|_M, (e_0,e_1))
+            sage: s.set_comp(e)[0] = 2
+            sage: s.display(e)
+            s = 2 e_0
+
+        Setting components in a new frame (``f``)::
+
+            sage: f = E.local_frame('f')
+            sage: s.set_comp(f)
+            1-index components w.r.t. Local frame (E|_M, (f_0,f_1))
+            sage: s.set_comp(f)[0] = x
+            sage: s.display(f)
+            s = x f_0
+
+        The components with respect to the frame ``e`` have be erased::
+
+            sage: s.display(e)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: no basis could be found for computing the components
+             in the Local frame (E|_M, (e_0,e_1))
+
+        Setting components in a frame defined on a subdomain deletes
+        previously defined components as well::
+
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U', coord_def={X: x>0})
+            sage: g = E.local_frame('g', domain=U)
+            sage: s.set_comp(g)
+            1-index components w.r.t. Local frame (E|_U, (g_0,g_1))
+            sage: s.set_comp(g)[0] = 1+y
+            sage: s.display(g)
+            s = (y + 1) g_0
+            sage: s.display(f)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: no basis could be found for computing the components
+             in the Local frame (E|_M, (f_0,f_1))
+        """
+        if self.is_immutable():
+            raise ValueError("the components of an immutable element "
+                             "cannot be changed")
+        if basis is None:
+            basis = self._smodule.default_frame()
+
+        if basis._domain == self._domain:
+            # Setting components on the section domain:
+            return FiniteRankFreeModuleElement.set_comp(self, basis=basis)
+
+        # Setting components on a subdomain:
+        #
+        # Creating or saving the restriction to the subdomain:
+        rst = self.restrict(basis._domain)
+        # Deleting all the components on self._domain and the derived
+        # quantities:
+        self._components.clear()
+        # Restoring the restriction to the subdomain (which has been
+        # deleted by _del_derived):
+        self._restrictions[basis._domain] = rst
+        # The set_comp operation is performed on the subdomain:
+        return rst.set_comp(basis=basis)
+
+    def _add_comp_unsafe(self, basis=None):
+        r"""
+        Return the components of the section in a given local frame for
+        assignment.
+
+        The components with respect to other frames on the same domain are
+        kept. To delete them, use the method :meth:`_set_comp_unsafe` instead.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``basis`` -- (default: ``None``) local frame in which the
+          components are defined; if none is provided, the components are
+          assumed to refer to the section module's default frame
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        - components in the given frame, as an instance of the
+          class :class:`~sage.tensor.modules.comp.Components`; if such
+          components did not exist previously, they are created
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: X.<x,y> = M.chart()
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: e = E.local_frame('e') # makes E trivial
+            sage: s = E.section(name='s')
+            sage: s._add_comp_unsafe(e)
+            1-index components w.r.t. Local frame (E|_M, (e_0,e_1))
+            sage: s._add_comp_unsafe(e)[0] = 2
+            sage: s.display(e)
+            s = 2 e_0
+
+        Adding components with respect to a new frame (``f``)::
+
+            sage: f = E.local_frame('f')
+            sage: s._add_comp_unsafe(f)
+            1-index components w.r.t. Local frame (E|_M, (f_0,f_1))
+            sage: s._add_comp_unsafe(f)[0] = x
+            sage: s.display(f)
+            s = x f_0
+
+        The components with respect to the frame ``e`` are kept::
+
+            sage: s.display(e)
+            s = 2 e_0
+
+        Adding components in a frame defined on a subdomain::
+
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U', coord_def={X: x>0})
+            sage: g = E.local_frame('g', domain=U)
+            sage: s._add_comp_unsafe(g)
+            1-index components w.r.t. Local frame (E|_U, (g_0,g_1))
+            sage: s._add_comp_unsafe(g)[0] = 1+y
+            sage: s.display(g)
+            s = (y + 1) g_0
+
+        The components previously defined are kept::
+
+            sage: s.display(e)
+            s = 2 e_0
+            sage: s.display(f)
+            s = x f_0
+        """
+        if basis is None:
+            basis = self._smodule.default_frame()
+
+        if basis._domain == self._domain:
+            # Adding components on the tensor field domain:
+            # We perform a backup of the restrictions, since
+            # they are deleted by FreeModuleTensor.add_comp (which
+            # invokes del_derived()), and restore them afterwards
+            restrictions_save = self._restrictions.copy()
+            comp = FiniteRankFreeModuleElement._add_comp_unsafe(self,
+                                                                basis=basis)
+            self._restrictions = restrictions_save
+            return comp
+
+        # Adding components on a subdomain:
+        #
+        # Creating or saving the restriction to the subdomain:
+        rst = self.restrict(basis._domain)
+        # The add_comp operation is performed on the subdomain:
+        return rst._add_comp_unsafe(basis=basis)
+
+    def add_comp(self, basis=None):
+        r"""
+        Return the components of the section in a given local frame for
+        assignment.
+
+        The components with respect to other frames on the same domain are
+        kept. To delete them, use the method :meth:`set_comp` instead.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``basis`` -- (default: ``None``) local frame in which the
+          components are defined; if none is provided, the components are
+          assumed to refer to the section module's default frame
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        - components in the given frame, as an instance of the
+          class :class:`~sage.tensor.modules.comp.Components`; if such
+          components did not exist previously, they are created
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: X.<x,y> = M.chart()
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: e = E.local_frame('e') # makes E trivial
+            sage: s = E.section(name='s')
+            sage: s.add_comp(e)
+            1-index components w.r.t. Local frame (E|_M, (e_0,e_1))
+            sage: s.add_comp(e)[0] = 2
+            sage: s.display(e)
+            s = 2 e_0
+
+        Adding components with respect to a new frame (``f``)::
+
+            sage: f = E.local_frame('f')
+            sage: s.add_comp(f)
+            1-index components w.r.t. Local frame (E|_M, (f_0,f_1))
+            sage: s.add_comp(f)[0] = x
+            sage: s.display(f)
+            s = x f_0
+
+        The components with respect to the frame ``e`` are kept::
+
+            sage: s.display(e)
+            s = 2 e_0
+
+        Adding components in a frame defined on a subdomain::
+
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U', coord_def={X: x>0})
+            sage: g = E.local_frame('g', domain=U)
+            sage: s.add_comp(g)
+            1-index components w.r.t. Local frame (E|_U, (g_0,g_1))
+            sage: s.add_comp(g)[0] = 1+y
+            sage: s.display(g)
+            s = (y + 1) g_0
+
+        The components previously defined are kept::
+
+            sage: s.display(e)
+            s = 2 e_0
+            sage: s.display(f)
+            s = x f_0
+        """
+        if self.is_immutable():
+            raise ValueError("the components of an immutable element "
+                             "cannot be changed")
+        if basis is None:
+            basis = self._smodule.default_frame()
+
+        if basis._domain == self._domain:
+            # Adding components on the tensor field domain:
+            # We perform a backup of the restrictions, since
+            # they are deleted by FreeModuleTensor.add_comp (which
+            # invokes del_derived()), and restore them afterwards
+            restrictions_save = self._restrictions.copy()
+            comp = FiniteRankFreeModuleElement.add_comp(self, basis=basis)
+            self._restrictions = restrictions_save
+            return comp
+
+        # Adding components on a subdomain:
+        #
+        # Creating or saving the restriction to the subdomain:
+        rst = self.restrict(basis._domain)
+        # The add_comp operation is performed on the subdomain:
+        return rst.add_comp(basis=basis)
+
+    def comp(self, basis=None, from_basis=None):
+        r"""
+        Return the components in a given local frame.
+
+        If the components are not known already, they are computed by the
+        tensor change-of-basis formula from components in another local frame.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``basis`` -- (default: ``None``) local frame in which the components
+          are required; if none is provided, the components are assumed to
+          refer to the section module's default frame
+        - ``from_basis`` -- (default: ``None``) local frame from which the
+          required components are computed, via the tensor change-of-basis
+          formula, if they are not known already in the basis ``basis``
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        - components in the local frame ``basis``, as an instance of the
+          class :class:`~sage.tensor.modules.comp.Components`
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M', structure='top', start_index=1)
+            sage: X.<x,y> = M.chart()
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: e = E.local_frame('e') # makes E trivial
+            sage: s = E.section(name='s')
+            sage: s[1] = x*y
+            sage: s.comp(e)
+            1-index components w.r.t. Local frame (E|_M, (e_1,e_2))
+            sage: s.comp()  # the default frame is e
+            1-index components w.r.t. Local frame (E|_M, (e_1,e_2))
+            sage: s.comp()[:]
+            [x*y, 0]
+            sage: f = E.local_frame('f')
+            sage: s[f, 1] = x-3
+            sage: s.comp(f)
+            1-index components w.r.t. Local frame (E|_M, (f_1,f_2))
+            sage: s.comp(f)[:]
+            [x - 3, 0]
+        """
+        if basis is None:
+            basis = self._smodule.default_frame()
+
+        if basis._domain == self._domain:
+            # components on the local section domain:
+            return FiniteRankFreeModuleElement.comp(self, basis=basis,
+                                         from_basis=from_basis)
+
+        # components on a subdomain:
+        rst = self.restrict(basis._domain)
+        return rst.comp(basis=basis, from_basis=from_basis)
+
+    def restrict(self, subdomain):
+        r"""
+        Return the restriction of ``self`` to some subdomain.
+
+        If the restriction has not been defined yet, it is constructed here.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``subdomain`` --
+          :class:`~sage.manifolds.differentiable.manifold.DifferentiableManifold`;
+          open subset `U` of the section module domain `S`
+
+        OUTPUT: instance of :class:`TrivialSection` representing the restriction
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+
+        Restriction of a section defined over `\RR^2` to a disk::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'R^2')
+            sage: c_cart.<x,y> = M.chart() # Cartesian coordinates on R^2
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: e = E.local_frame('e') # makes E trivial
+            sage: s = E.section(x+y, -1+x^2, name='s')
+            sage: D = M.open_subset('D') # the unit open disc
+            sage: e_D = e.restrict(D)
+            sage: c_cart_D = c_cart.restrict(D, x^2+y^2<1)
+            sage: s_D = s.restrict(D) ; s_D
+            Section s on the Open subset D of the 2-dimensional differentiable
+             manifold R^2 with values in the real vector bundle E of rank 2
+            sage: s_D.display(e_D)
+            s = (x + y) e_0 + (x^2 - 1) e_1
+
+        The symbolic expressions of the components with respect to
+        Cartesian coordinates are equal::
+
+            sage: bool( s_D[1].expr() == s[1].expr() )
+            True
+
+        but neither the chart functions representing the components (they are
+        defined on different charts)::
+
+            sage: s_D[1] == s[1]
+            False
+
+        nor the scalar fields representing the components (they are
+        defined on different open subsets)::
+
+            sage: s_D[[1]] == s[[1]]
+            False
+
+        The restriction of the section to its own domain is of course itself::
+
+            sage: s.restrict(M) is s
+            True
+        """
+        if subdomain == self._domain:
+            return self
+        if subdomain not in self._restrictions:
+            if not subdomain.is_subset(self._domain):
+                raise ValueError("the provided domain is not a subset of " +
+                                 "the field's domain")
+            # First one tries to derive the restriction from a tighter domain:
+            for dom, rst in self._restrictions.items():
+                if subdomain.is_subset(dom) and subdomain in rst._restrictions:
+                    res = rst._restrictions[subdomain]
+                    self._restrictions[subdomain] = res
+                    self._restrictions_graph[subdomain] = res
+                    res._extensions_graph.update(self._extensions_graph)
+                    for ext in self._extensions_graph.values():
+                        ext._restrictions[subdomain] = res
+                        ext._restrictions_graph[subdomain] = res
+                    return self._restrictions[subdomain]
+
+            for dom, rst in self._restrictions.items():
+                if subdomain.is_subset(dom) and dom is not self._domain:
+                    self._restrictions[subdomain] = rst.restrict(subdomain)
+                    self._restrictions_graph[subdomain] = rst.restrict(subdomain)
+                    return self._restrictions[subdomain]
+
+            # Secondly one tries to get the restriction from one previously
+            # defined on a larger domain:
+            for dom, ext in self._extensions_graph.items():
+                if subdomain in ext._restrictions_graph:
+                    res = ext._restrictions_graph[subdomain]
+                    self._restrictions[subdomain] = res
+                    self._restrictions_graph[subdomain] = res
+                    res._extensions_graph.update(self._extensions_graph)
+                    for ext in self._extensions_graph.values():
+                        ext._restrictions[subdomain] = res
+                        ext._restrictions_graph[subdomain] = res
+                    return self._restrictions[subdomain]
+
+            # If this fails, the restriction is created from scratch:
+            smodule = self._vbundle.section_module(domain=subdomain)
+            res = smodule.element_class(smodule, name=self._name,
+                                        latex_name=self._latex_name)
+
+            for frame in self._components:
+                for sframe in self._vbundle._frames:
+                    if (sframe.domain() is subdomain and
+                            sframe in frame._subframes):
+                        comp_store = self._components[frame]._comp
+                        scomp = res._new_comp(sframe)
+                        scomp_store = scomp._comp
+                        # the components of the restriction are evaluated
+                        # index by index:
+                        for ind, value in comp_store.items():
+                            scomp_store[ind] = value.restrict(subdomain)
+                        res._components[sframe] = scomp
+
+            res._extensions_graph.update(self._extensions_graph)
+            for dom, ext in self._extensions_graph.items():
+                ext._restrictions[subdomain] = res
+                ext._restrictions_graph[subdomain] = res
+
+            for dom, rst in self._restrictions.items():
+                if dom.is_subset(subdomain):
+                    if rst is not res:
+                        res._restrictions.update(rst._restrictions)
+                    res._restrictions_graph.update(rst._restrictions_graph)
+                    rst._extensions_graph.update(res._extensions_graph)
+
+            self._restrictions[subdomain] = res
+            self._restrictions_graph[subdomain] = res
+
+        return self._restrictions[subdomain]
+
+    def display_comp(self, frame=None, chart=None, only_nonzero=False):
+        r"""
+        Display the section components with respect to a given frame, one per
+        line.
+
+        The output is either text-formatted (console mode) or LaTeX-formatted
+        (notebook mode).
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``frame`` -- (default: ``None``) local frame with respect to which
+          the section components are defined; if ``None``, then the default
+          basis of the section module on which the section is defined is used
+        - ``chart`` -- (default: ``None``) chart specifying the coordinate
+          expression of the components; if ``None``, the default chart of the
+          section module domain is used
+        - ``only_nonzero`` -- boolean (default: ``False``); if ``True``, only
+          nonzero components are displayed
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+
+        Display of the components of a section on a rank 4 vector bundle over
+        a 2-dimensional manifold::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: X.<x,y> = M.chart()
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(3, 'E')
+            sage: e = E.local_frame('e') # makes E trivial
+            sage: s = E.section(name='s')
+            sage: s[0], s[2] = x+y, x*y
+            sage: s.display_comp()
+            s^0 = x + y
+            s^1 = 0
+            s^2 = x*y
+
+        By default, the vanishing components are displayed, too;
+        to see only non-vanishing components, the argument ``only_nonzero`` must
+        be set to ``True``::
+
+            sage: s.display_comp(only_nonzero=True)
+            s^0 = x + y
+            s^2 = x*y
+
+        Display in a frame different from the default one::
+
+            sage: a = E.section_module().automorphism()
+            sage: a[:] = [[1+y^2, 0, 0], [0, 2+x^2, 0], [0, 0, 1]]
+            sage: f = e.new_frame(a, 'f')
+            sage: s.display_comp(frame=f)
+            s^0 = (x + y)/(y^2 + 1)
+            s^1 = 0
+            s^2 = x*y
+
+        Display with respect to a chart different from the default one::
+
+            sage: Y.<u,v> = M.chart()
+            sage: X_to_Y = X.transition_map(Y, [x+y, x-y])
+            sage: Y_to_X = X_to_Y.inverse()
+            sage: s.display_comp(chart=Y)
+            s^0 = u
+            s^1 = 0
+            s^2 = 1/4*u^2 - 1/4*v^2
+
+        Display of the components with respect to a specific frame, expressed
+        in terms of a specific chart::
+
+            sage: s.display_comp(frame=f, chart=Y)
+            s^0 = 4*u/(u^2 - 2*u*v + v^2 + 4)
+            s^1 = 0
+            s^2 = 1/4*u^2 - 1/4*v^2
+        """
+        if frame is None:
+                frame = self._smodule.default_basis()
+        if chart is None:
+            chart = self._domain.default_chart()
+        return FiniteRankFreeModuleElement.display_comp(self, basis=frame,
+                                                      format_spec=chart,
+                                                      only_nonzero=only_nonzero)
+
+    def at(self, point):
+        r"""
+        Value of ``self`` at a point of its domain.
+
+        If the current section is
+
+        .. MATH::
+
+            s:\ U  \longrightarrow E ,
+
+        then for any point `p\in U`, `s(p)` is
+        a vector in the fiber `E_p` of `E` at the point `p \in U`.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``point`` -- :class:`~sage.manifolds.point.ManifoldPoint`
+          point `p` in the domain of the section `U`
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        - :class:`~sage.tensor.modules.free_module_tensor.FreeModuleTensor`
+          representing the vector `s(p)` in the vector space `E_p`
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+
+        Vector in a tangent space of a 2-dimensional manifold::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: X.<x,y> = M.chart()
+            sage: p = M.point((-2,3), name='p')
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: e = E.local_frame('e') # makes E trivial
+            sage: s = E.section(y, x^2, name='s')
+            sage: s.display()
+            s = y e_0 + x^2 e_1
+            sage: sp = s.at(p) ; sp
+            Vector s in the fiber of E at Point p on the 2-dimensional
+             topological manifold M
+            sage: sp.parent()
+            Fiber of E at Point p on the 2-dimensional topological manifold M
+            sage: sp.display()
+            s = 3 e_0 + 4 e_1
+        """
+        if point not in self._domain:
+            raise ValueError("the {} is not in the domain of ".format(point) +
+                             "the {}".format(self))
+        vbf = self._vbundle.fiber(point)
+        resu = vbf.tensor((1,0), name=self._name,
+                         latex_name=self._latex_name)
+        for frame, comp in self._components.items():
+            comp_resu = resu.add_comp(frame.at(point))
+            for ind, val in comp._comp.items():
+                comp_resu._comp[ind] = val(point)
+        return resu