passagemath-symbolics 10.6.37__cp314-cp314t-macosx_13_0_arm64.whl

sage/manifolds/differentiable/multivector_module.py

@@ -0,0 +1,800 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-symbolics
+r"""
+Multivector Field Modules
+
+The set `A^p(U, \Phi)` of `p`-vector fields along a differentiable
+manifold `U` with values on a differentiable manifold `M` via a
+differentiable map `\Phi:\ U \rightarrow M` (possibly `U = M` and
+`\Phi = \mathrm{Id}_M`) is a module over the algebra `C^k(U)` of
+differentiable scalar fields on `U`. It is a free module if and only if
+`M` is parallelizable. Accordingly, two classes implement
+`A^p(U,\Phi)`:
+
+- :class:`MultivectorModule` for `p`-vector fields with values on a
+  generic (in practice, not parallelizable) differentiable manifold `M`
+- :class:`MultivectorFreeModule` for `p`-vector fields with values on a
+  parallelizable manifold `M`
+
+AUTHORS:
+
+- Eric Gourgoulhon (2017): initial version
+
+REFERENCES:
+
+- \R. L. Bishop and S. L. Goldberg (1980) [BG1980]_
+- \C.-M. Marle (1997) [Mar1997]_
+"""
+#******************************************************************************
+#       Copyright (C) 2017 Eric Gourgoulhon <eric.gourgoulhon@obspm.fr>
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL)
+#  as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
+#  the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#                  http://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+#******************************************************************************
+
+from sage.categories.modules import Modules
+from sage.manifolds.differentiable.multivectorfield import (
+    MultivectorField,
+    MultivectorFieldParal,
+)
+from sage.misc.cachefunc import cached_method
+from sage.structure.parent import Parent
+from sage.structure.unique_representation import UniqueRepresentation
+from sage.tensor.modules.ext_pow_free_module import ExtPowerFreeModule
+
+
+class MultivectorModule(UniqueRepresentation, Parent):
+    r"""
+    Module of multivector fields of a given degree `p` (`p`-vector
+    fields) along a differentiable manifold `U` with values on a
+    differentiable manifold `M`.
+
+    Given a differentiable manifold `U` and a differentiable map
+    `\Phi: U \rightarrow M` to a differentiable manifold `M`, the set
+    `A^p(U, \Phi)` of `p`-vector fields (i.e. alternating tensor fields
+    of type `(p,0)`) along `U` with values on `M` is a module over
+    `C^k(U)`, the commutative algebra of differentiable scalar fields on
+    `U` (see
+    :class:`~sage.manifolds.differentiable.scalarfield_algebra.DiffScalarFieldAlgebra`).
+    The standard case of `p`-vector fields *on* a differentiable
+    manifold `M` corresponds to `U = M` and `\Phi = \mathrm{Id}_M`.
+    Other common cases are `\Phi` being an immersion and `\Phi` being a
+    curve in `M` (`U` is then an open interval of `\RR`).
+
+    .. NOTE::
+
+        This class implements `A^p(U,\Phi)` in the case where `M` is
+        not assumed to be parallelizable; the module `A^p(U, \Phi)`
+        is then not necessarily free. If `M` is parallelizable, the
+        class :class:`MultivectorFreeModule` must be used instead.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``vector_field_module`` -- module `\mathfrak{X}(U, \Phi)` of vector
+      fields along `U` with values on `M` via the map
+      `\Phi: U \rightarrow M`
+    - ``degree`` -- positive integer; the degree `p` of the multivector
+      fields
+
+    EXAMPLES:
+
+    Module of 2-vector fields on a non-parallelizable 2-dimensional
+    manifold::
+
+        sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M')
+        sage: U = M.open_subset('U') ; V = M.open_subset('V')
+        sage: M.declare_union(U,V)   # M is the union of U and V
+        sage: c_xy.<x,y> = U.chart() ; c_uv.<u,v> = V.chart()
+        sage: transf = c_xy.transition_map(c_uv, (x+y, x-y),
+        ....:  intersection_name='W', restrictions1= x>0,
+        ....:  restrictions2= u+v>0)
+        sage: inv = transf.inverse()
+        sage: W = U.intersection(V)
+        sage: eU = c_xy.frame() ; eV = c_uv.frame()
+        sage: XM = M.vector_field_module() ; XM
+        Module X(M) of vector fields on the 2-dimensional differentiable
+         manifold M
+        sage: A = M.multivector_module(2) ; A
+        Module A^2(M) of 2-vector fields on the 2-dimensional
+         differentiable manifold M
+        sage: latex(A)
+        A^{2}\left(M\right)
+
+    ``A`` is nothing but the second exterior power of ``XM``, i.e.
+    we have `A^{2}(M) = \Lambda^2(\mathfrak{X}(M))`::
+
+        sage: A is XM.exterior_power(2)
+        True
+
+    Modules of multivector fields are unique::
+
+        sage: A is M.multivector_module(2)
+        True
+
+    `A^2(M)` is a module over the algebra `C^k(M)` of (differentiable)
+    scalar fields on `M`::
+
+        sage: A.category()
+        Category of modules over Algebra of differentiable scalar fields
+         on the 2-dimensional differentiable manifold M
+        sage: CM = M.scalar_field_algebra() ; CM
+        Algebra of differentiable scalar fields on the 2-dimensional
+         differentiable manifold M
+        sage: A in Modules(CM)
+        True
+        sage: A.base_ring() is CM
+        True
+        sage: A.base_module()
+        Module X(M) of vector fields on the 2-dimensional differentiable
+         manifold M
+        sage: A.base_module() is XM
+        True
+
+    Elements can be constructed from ``A()``. In particular, ``0``
+    yields the zero element of ``A``::
+
+        sage: z = A(0) ; z
+        2-vector field zero on the 2-dimensional differentiable
+         manifold M
+        sage: z.display(eU)
+        zero = 0
+        sage: z.display(eV)
+        zero = 0
+        sage: z is A.zero()
+        True
+
+    while nonzero elements are constructed by providing their
+    components in a given vector frame::
+
+        sage: a = A([[0,3*x],[-3*x,0]], frame=eU, name='a') ; a
+        2-vector field a on the 2-dimensional differentiable manifold M
+        sage: a.add_comp_by_continuation(eV, W, c_uv) # finishes initializ. of a
+        sage: a.display(eU)
+        a = 3*x ∂/∂x∧∂/∂y
+        sage: a.display(eV)
+        a = (-3*u - 3*v) ∂/∂u∧∂/∂v
+
+    An alternative is to construct the 2-vector field from an empty list
+    of components and to set the nonzero nonredundant components
+    afterwards::
+
+        sage: a = A([], name='a')
+        sage: a[eU,0,1] = 3*x
+        sage: a.add_comp_by_continuation(eV, W, c_uv)
+        sage: a.display(eU)
+        a = 3*x ∂/∂x∧∂/∂y
+        sage: a.display(eV)
+        a = (-3*u - 3*v) ∂/∂u∧∂/∂v
+
+    The module `A^1(M)` is nothing but the dual of `\mathfrak{X}(M)`
+    (the module of vector fields on `M`)::
+
+        sage: A1 = M.multivector_module(1) ; A1
+        Module X(M) of vector fields on the 2-dimensional differentiable
+         manifold M
+        sage: A1 is XM
+        True
+
+    There is a coercion map `A^p(M)\rightarrow T^{(p,0)}(M)`::
+
+        sage: T20 = M.tensor_field_module((2,0)) ; T20
+        Module T^(2,0)(M) of type-(2,0) tensors fields on the
+         2-dimensional differentiable manifold M
+        sage: T20.has_coerce_map_from(A)
+        True
+
+    but of course not in the reverse direction, since not all contravariant
+    tensor field is alternating::
+
+        sage: A.has_coerce_map_from(T20)
+        False
+
+    The coercion map `A^2(M) \rightarrow T^{(2,0)}(M)` in action::
+
+        sage: ta = T20(a) ; ta
+        Tensor field a of type (2,0) on the 2-dimensional differentiable
+         manifold M
+        sage: ta.display(eU)
+        a = 3*x ∂/∂x⊗∂/∂y - 3*x ∂/∂y⊗∂/∂x
+        sage: a.display(eU)
+        a = 3*x ∂/∂x∧∂/∂y
+        sage: ta.display(eV)
+        a = (-3*u - 3*v) ∂/∂u⊗∂/∂v + (3*u + 3*v) ∂/∂v⊗∂/∂u
+        sage: a.display(eV)
+        a = (-3*u - 3*v) ∂/∂u∧∂/∂v
+
+    There is also coercion to subdomains, which is nothing but the
+    restriction of the multivector field to some subset of its domain::
+
+        sage: A2U = U.multivector_module(2) ; A2U
+        Free module A^2(U) of 2-vector fields on the Open subset U of
+         the 2-dimensional differentiable manifold M
+        sage: A2U.has_coerce_map_from(A)
+        True
+        sage: a_U = A2U(a) ; a_U
+        2-vector field a on the Open subset U of the 2-dimensional
+         differentiable manifold M
+        sage: a_U.display(eU)
+        a = 3*x ∂/∂x∧∂/∂y
+    """
+    Element = MultivectorField
+
+    def __init__(self, vector_field_module, degree):
+        r"""
+        Construction a module of multivector fields.
+
+        TESTS:
+
+        Module of 2-vector fields on a non-parallelizable 2-dimensional
+        manifold::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M')
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U') ; V = M.open_subset('V')
+            sage: M.declare_union(U,V)   # M is the union of U and V
+            sage: c_xy.<x,y> = U.chart() ; c_uv.<u,v> = V.chart()
+            sage: transf = c_xy.transition_map(c_uv, (x+y, x-y),
+            ....:             intersection_name='W', restrictions1= x>0,
+            ....:             restrictions2= u+v>0)
+            sage: inv = transf.inverse()
+            sage: from sage.manifolds.differentiable.multivector_module import \
+            ....:                                      MultivectorModule
+            sage: A = MultivectorModule(M.vector_field_module(), 2) ; A
+            Module A^2(M) of 2-vector fields on the 2-dimensional
+             differentiable manifold M
+            sage: TestSuite(A).run(skip='_test_elements')
+
+        In the above test suite, ``_test_elements`` is skipped because
+        of the ``_test_pickling`` error of the elements (to be fixed in
+        :class:`sage.manifolds.differentiable.tensorfield.TensorField`)
+        """
+        domain = vector_field_module._domain
+        dest_map = vector_field_module._dest_map
+        name = "A^{}(".format(degree) + domain._name
+        latex_name = r"A^{{{}}}\left({}".format(degree,
+                                                domain._latex_name)
+        if dest_map is not domain.identity_map():
+            dm_name = dest_map._name
+            dm_latex_name = dest_map._latex_name
+            if dm_name is None:
+                dm_name = "unnamed map"
+            if dm_latex_name is None:
+                dm_latex_name = r"\mathrm{unnamed\; map}"
+            name += "," + dm_name
+            latex_name += "," + dm_latex_name
+        self._name = name + ")"
+        self._latex_name = latex_name + r"\right)"
+        self._vmodule = vector_field_module
+        self._degree = degree
+        # the member self._ring is created for efficiency (to avoid
+        # calls to self.base_ring()):
+        self._ring = domain.scalar_field_algebra()
+        Parent.__init__(self, base=self._ring,
+                        category=Modules(self._ring))
+        self._domain = domain
+        self._dest_map = dest_map
+        self._ambient_domain = vector_field_module._ambient_domain
+        # NB: self._zero_element is not constructed here, since no
+        # element can be constructed here, to avoid some infinite
+        # recursion.
+
+    #### Parent methods
+
+    def _element_constructor_(self, comp=[], frame=None, name=None,
+                              latex_name=None):
+        r"""
+        Construct a multivector field.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M')
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U'); V = M.open_subset('V')
+            sage: c_xy.<x,y> = U.chart(); c_uv.<u,v> = V.chart()
+            sage: M.declare_union(U,V)
+            sage: A = M.multivector_module(2)
+            sage: a = A([[0, x*y], [-x*y, 0]], name='a'); a
+            2-vector field a on the 2-dimensional differentiable
+             manifold M
+            sage: a.display(c_xy.frame())
+            a = x*y ∂/∂x∧∂/∂y
+            sage: A(0) is A.zero()
+            True
+        """
+        try:
+            if comp.is_trivial_zero():
+                return self.zero()
+        except AttributeError:
+            if comp == 0:
+                return self.zero()
+        if isinstance(comp, (MultivectorField, MultivectorFieldParal)):
+            # coercion by domain restriction
+            if (self._degree == comp._tensor_type[0]
+                   and self._domain.is_subset(comp._domain)
+                   and self._ambient_domain.is_subset(
+                                                 comp._ambient_domain)):
+                return comp.restrict(self._domain)
+            else:
+                raise TypeError("cannot convert the {} ".format(comp) +
+                                "to an element of {}".format(self))
+        if not isinstance(comp, (list, tuple)):
+            raise TypeError("cannot convert the {} ".format(comp) +
+                            "to an element of {}".format(self))
+        # standard construction
+        resu = self.element_class(self._vmodule, self._degree,
+                                  name=name, latex_name=latex_name)
+        if comp:
+            resu.set_comp(frame)[:] = comp
+        return resu
+
+    def _an_element_(self):
+        r"""
+        Construct some (unnamed) multivector field.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M')
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U'); V = M.open_subset('V')
+            sage: c_xy.<x,y> = U.chart(); c_uv.<u,v> = V.chart()
+            sage: M.declare_union(U,V)
+            sage: A = M.multivector_module(2)
+            sage: A._an_element_()
+            2-vector field on the 2-dimensional differentiable
+             manifold M
+        """
+        resu = self.element_class(self._vmodule, self._degree)
+        for oc in self._domain.open_covers(trivial=False):
+            # the first non-trivial open cover is selected
+            for dom in oc:
+                vmodule_dom = dom.vector_field_module(
+                                  dest_map=self._dest_map.restrict(dom))
+                dmodule_dom = vmodule_dom.exterior_power(self._degree)
+                resu.set_restriction(dmodule_dom._an_element_())
+            return resu
+        return resu
+
+    def _coerce_map_from_(self, other):
+        r"""
+        Determine whether coercion to ``self`` exists from other parent.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(3, 'M')
+            sage: A2 = M.multivector_module(2)
+            sage: A2._coerce_map_from_(M.tensor_field_module((2,0)))
+            False
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U')
+            sage: A2U = U.multivector_module(2)
+            sage: A2U._coerce_map_from_(A2)
+            True
+            sage: A2._coerce_map_from_(A2U)
+            False
+        """
+        if isinstance(other, (MultivectorModule, MultivectorFreeModule)):
+            # coercion by domain restriction
+            return (self._degree == other._degree
+                    and self._domain.is_subset(other._domain)
+                    and self._ambient_domain.is_subset(
+                                                 other._ambient_domain))
+        return False
+
+    @cached_method
+    def zero(self):
+        """
+        Return the zero of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(3, 'M')
+            sage: A2 = M.multivector_module(2)
+            sage: A2.zero()
+            2-vector field zero on the 3-dimensional differentiable
+             manifold M
+        """
+        zero = self._element_constructor_(name='zero', latex_name='0')
+        for frame in self._domain._frames:
+            if self._dest_map.restrict(frame._domain) == frame._dest_map:
+                zero.add_comp(frame)
+                # (since new components are initialized to zero)
+        zero._is_zero = True  # This element is certainly zero
+        zero.set_immutable()
+        return zero
+
+    #### End of Parent methods
+
+    def _repr_(self):
+        r"""
+        Return a string representation of the object.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(3, 'M')
+            sage: A2 = M.multivector_module(2)
+            sage: A2
+            Module A^2(M) of 2-vector fields on the 3-dimensional
+             differentiable manifold M
+        """
+        description = "Module "
+        if self._name is not None:
+            description += self._name + " "
+        description += "of {}-vector fields ".format(self._degree)
+        if self._dest_map is self._domain.identity_map():
+            description += "on the {}".format(self._domain)
+        else:
+            description += "along the {} mapped into the {}".format(
+                                      self._domain, self._ambient_domain)
+        return description
+
+    def _latex_(self):
+        r"""
+        Return a LaTeX representation of the object.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(3, 'M', latex_name=r'\mathcal{M}')
+            sage: A2 = M.multivector_module(2)
+            sage: A2._latex_()
+            'A^{2}\\left(\\mathcal{M}\\right)'
+            sage: latex(A2)  # indirect doctest
+            A^{2}\left(\mathcal{M}\right)
+        """
+        if self._latex_name is None:
+            return r'\text{' + str(self) + r'}'
+        else:
+            return self._latex_name
+
+    def base_module(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the vector field module on which the multivector field
+        module ``self`` is constructed.
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        - a
+          :class:`~sage.manifolds.differentiable.vectorfield_module.VectorFieldModule`
+          representing the module on which ``self`` is defined
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(3, 'M')
+            sage: A2 = M.multivector_module(2) ; A2
+            Module A^2(M) of 2-vector fields on the 3-dimensional
+             differentiable manifold M
+            sage: A2.base_module()
+            Module X(M) of vector fields on the 3-dimensional
+             differentiable manifold M
+            sage: A2.base_module() is M.vector_field_module()
+            True
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U')
+            sage: A2U = U.multivector_module(2) ; A2U
+            Module A^2(U) of 2-vector fields on the Open subset U of the
+             3-dimensional differentiable manifold M
+            sage: A2U.base_module()
+            Module X(U) of vector fields on the Open subset U of the
+             3-dimensional differentiable manifold M
+        """
+        return self._vmodule
+
+    def degree(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the degree of the multivector fields in ``self``.
+
+        OUTPUT: integer `p` such that ``self`` is a set of `p`-vector fields
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(3, 'M')
+            sage: M.multivector_module(2).degree()
+            2
+            sage: M.multivector_module(3).degree()
+            3
+        """
+        return self._degree
+
+#***********************************************************************
+
+
+class MultivectorFreeModule(ExtPowerFreeModule):
+    r"""
+    Free module of multivector fields of a given degree `p` (`p`-vector
+    fields) along a differentiable manifold `U` with values on a
+    parallelizable manifold `M`.
+
+    Given a differentiable manifold `U` and a differentiable map
+    `\Phi:\; U \rightarrow M` to a parallelizable manifold `M` of dimension
+    `n`, the set `A^p(U, \Phi)` of `p`-vector fields (i.e. alternating tensor
+    fields of type `(p,0)`) along `U` with values on `M` is a free module
+    of rank `\binom{n}{p}` over `C^k(U)`, the commutative algebra of
+    differentiable scalar fields on `U` (see
+    :class:`~sage.manifolds.differentiable.scalarfield_algebra.DiffScalarFieldAlgebra`).
+    The standard case of `p`-vector fields *on* a differentiable
+    manifold `M` corresponds to `U = M` and `\Phi = \mathrm{Id}_M`.
+    Other common cases are `\Phi` being an immersion and `\Phi` being a
+    curve in `M` (`U` is then an open interval of `\RR`).
+
+    .. NOTE::
+
+        This class implements `A^p(U, \Phi)` in the case where `M` is
+        parallelizable; `A^p(U, \Phi)` is then a *free* module. If `M`
+        is not parallelizable, the class :class:`MultivectorModule` must
+        be used instead.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``vector_field_module`` -- free module `\mathfrak{X}(U,\Phi)` of
+      vector fields along `U` associated with the map
+      `\Phi: U \rightarrow V`
+    - ``degree`` -- positive integer; the degree `p` of the multivector
+      fields
+
+    EXAMPLES:
+
+    Free module of 2-vector fields on a parallelizable 3-dimensional
+    manifold::
+
+        sage: M = Manifold(3, 'M')
+        sage: X.<x,y,z> = M.chart()
+        sage: XM = M.vector_field_module() ; XM
+        Free module X(M) of vector fields on the 3-dimensional
+         differentiable manifold M
+        sage: A = M.multivector_module(2) ; A
+        Free module A^2(M) of 2-vector fields on the 3-dimensional
+         differentiable manifold M
+        sage: latex(A)
+        A^{2}\left(M\right)
+
+    ``A`` is nothing but the second exterior power of ``XM``, i.e. we
+    have `A^{2}(M) = \Lambda^2(\mathfrak{X}(M))` (see
+    :class:`~sage.tensor.modules.ext_pow_free_module.ExtPowerFreeModule`)::
+
+        sage: A is XM.exterior_power(2)
+        True
+
+    `A^{2}(M)` is a module over the algebra `C^k(M)` of (differentiable)
+    scalar fields on `M`::
+
+        sage: A.category()
+        Category of finite dimensional modules over Algebra of
+         differentiable scalar fields on the 3-dimensional
+         differentiable manifold M
+        sage: CM = M.scalar_field_algebra() ; CM
+        Algebra of differentiable scalar fields on the 3-dimensional
+         differentiable manifold M
+        sage: A in Modules(CM)
+        True
+        sage: A.base_ring()
+        Algebra of differentiable scalar fields on
+         the 3-dimensional differentiable manifold M
+        sage: A.base_module()
+        Free module X(M) of vector fields on
+         the 3-dimensional differentiable manifold M
+        sage: A.base_module() is XM
+        True
+        sage: A.rank()
+        3
+
+    Elements can be constructed from `A`. In particular, ``0`` yields
+    the zero element of `A`::
+
+        sage: A(0)
+        2-vector field zero on the 3-dimensional differentiable
+         manifold M
+        sage: A(0) is A.zero()
+        True
+
+    while nonzero elements are constructed by providing their
+    components in a given vector frame::
+
+        sage: comp = [[0,3*x,-z],[-3*x,0,4],[z,-4,0]]
+        sage: a = A(comp, frame=X.frame(), name='a') ; a
+        2-vector field a on the 3-dimensional differentiable manifold M
+        sage: a.display()
+        a = 3*x ∂/∂x∧∂/∂y - z ∂/∂x∧∂/∂z + 4 ∂/∂y∧∂/∂z
+
+    An alternative is to construct the 2-vector field from an empty list
+    of components and to set the nonzero nonredundant components
+    afterwards::
+
+        sage: a = A([], name='a')
+        sage: a[0,1] = 3*x  # component in the manifold's default frame
+        sage: a[0,2] = -z
+        sage: a[1,2] = 4
+        sage: a.display()
+        a = 3*x ∂/∂x∧∂/∂y - z ∂/∂x∧∂/∂z + 4 ∂/∂y∧∂/∂z
+
+    The module `A^1(M)` is nothing but `\mathfrak{X}(M)` (the free module
+    of vector fields on `M`)::
+
+        sage: A1 = M.multivector_module(1) ; A1
+        Free module X(M) of vector fields on the 3-dimensional
+         differentiable manifold M
+        sage: A1 is XM
+        True
+
+    There is a coercion map `A^p(M) \rightarrow T^{(p,0)}(M)`::
+
+        sage: T20 = M.tensor_field_module((2,0)); T20
+        Free module T^(2,0)(M) of type-(2,0) tensors fields on the
+         3-dimensional differentiable manifold M
+        sage: T20.has_coerce_map_from(A)
+        True
+
+    but of course not in the reverse direction, since not all contravariant
+    tensor field is alternating::
+
+        sage: A.has_coerce_map_from(T20)
+        False
+
+    The coercion map `A^2(M) \rightarrow T^{(2,0)}(M)` in action::
+
+        sage: T20 = M.tensor_field_module((2,0)) ; T20
+        Free module T^(2,0)(M) of type-(2,0) tensors fields on the
+         3-dimensional differentiable manifold M
+        sage: ta = T20(a) ; ta
+        Tensor field a of type (2,0) on the 3-dimensional differentiable
+         manifold M
+        sage: ta.display()
+        a = 3*x ∂/∂x⊗∂/∂y - z ∂/∂x⊗∂/∂z - 3*x ∂/∂y⊗∂/∂x + 4 ∂/∂y⊗∂/∂z
+         + z ∂/∂z⊗∂/∂x - 4 ∂/∂z⊗∂/∂y
+        sage: a.display()
+        a = 3*x ∂/∂x∧∂/∂y - z ∂/∂x∧∂/∂z + 4 ∂/∂y∧∂/∂z
+        sage: ta.symmetries()  # the antisymmetry is preserved
+        no symmetry;  antisymmetry: (0, 1)
+
+    There is also coercion to subdomains, which is nothing but the
+    restriction of the multivector field to some subset of its domain::
+
+        sage: U = M.open_subset('U', coord_def={X: x^2+y^2<1})
+        sage: B = U.multivector_module(2) ; B
+        Free module A^2(U) of 2-vector fields on the Open subset U of the
+         3-dimensional differentiable manifold M
+        sage: B.has_coerce_map_from(A)
+        True
+        sage: a_U = B(a) ; a_U
+        2-vector field a on the Open subset U of the 3-dimensional
+         differentiable manifold M
+        sage: a_U.display()
+        a = 3*x ∂/∂x∧∂/∂y - z ∂/∂x∧∂/∂z + 4 ∂/∂y∧∂/∂z
+    """
+
+    Element = MultivectorFieldParal
+
+    def __init__(self, vector_field_module, degree):
+        r"""
+        Construct a free module of multivector fields.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(3, 'M')
+            sage: X.<x,y,z> = M.chart()
+            sage: from sage.manifolds.differentiable.multivector_module \
+            ....:      import MultivectorFreeModule
+            sage: A = MultivectorFreeModule(M.vector_field_module(), 2)
+            sage: A
+            Free module A^2(M) of 2-vector fields on the 3-dimensional
+             differentiable manifold M
+            sage: TestSuite(A).run()
+        """
+        domain = vector_field_module._domain
+        dest_map = vector_field_module._dest_map
+        name = "A^{}(".format(degree) + domain._name
+        latex_name = r"A^{{{}}}\left({}".format(degree,
+                                                domain._latex_name)
+        if dest_map is not domain.identity_map():
+            dm_name = dest_map._name
+            dm_latex_name = dest_map._latex_name
+            if dm_name is None:
+                dm_name = "unnamed map"
+            if dm_latex_name is None:
+                dm_latex_name = r"\mathrm{unnamed\; map}"
+            name += "," + dm_name
+            latex_name += "," + dm_latex_name
+        name += ")"
+        latex_name += r"\right)"
+        ExtPowerFreeModule.__init__(self, vector_field_module, degree,
+                                    name=name, latex_name=latex_name)
+        self._domain = domain
+        self._dest_map = dest_map
+        self._ambient_domain = vector_field_module._ambient_domain
+
+    #### Parent methods
+
+    def _element_constructor_(self, comp=[], frame=None, name=None,
+                              latex_name=None):
+        r"""
+        Construct a multivector field.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M')
+            sage: X.<x,y> = M.chart()  # makes M parallelizable
+            sage: A = M.multivector_module(2)
+            sage: a = A([[0, x], [-x, 0]], name='a'); a
+            2-vector field a on the 2-dimensional differentiable
+             manifold M
+            sage: a.display()
+            a = x ∂/∂x∧∂/∂y
+            sage: A(0) is A.zero()
+            True
+        """
+        try:
+            if comp.is_trivial_zero():
+                return self.zero()
+        except AttributeError:
+            if comp == 0:
+                return self.zero()
+        if isinstance(comp, (MultivectorField, MultivectorFieldParal)):
+            # coercion by domain restriction
+            if (self._degree == comp._tensor_type[0]
+                    and self._domain.is_subset(comp._domain)
+                    and self._ambient_domain.is_subset(
+                                                 comp._ambient_domain)):
+                return comp.restrict(self._domain)
+            else:
+                raise TypeError("cannot convert the {} ".format(comp) +
+                                "to a multivector field in {}".format(self))
+        if not isinstance(comp, (list, tuple)):
+            raise TypeError("cannot convert the {} ".format(comp) +
+                            "to an element of {}".format(self))
+        # standard construction
+        resu = self.element_class(self._fmodule, self._degree, name=name,
+                                  latex_name=latex_name)
+        if comp:
+            resu.set_comp(frame)[:] = comp
+        return resu
+
+    # Rem: _an_element_ is declared in the superclass ExtPowerFreeModule
+
+    def _coerce_map_from_(self, other):
+        r"""
+        Determine whether coercion to ``self`` exists from other parent.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(3, 'M')
+            sage: X.<x,y,z> = M.chart()
+            sage: A2 = M.multivector_module(2)
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U', coord_def = {X: z<0})
+            sage: A2U = U.multivector_module(2)
+            sage: A2U._coerce_map_from_(A2)
+            True
+            sage: A2._coerce_map_from_(A2U)
+            False
+            sage: A1 = M.multivector_module(1)
+            sage: A2U._coerce_map_from_(A1)
+            False
+            sage: A2._coerce_map_from_(M.tensor_field_module((2,0)))
+            False
+        """
+        if isinstance(other, (MultivectorModule, MultivectorFreeModule)):
+            # coercion by domain restriction
+            return (self._degree == other._degree
+                    and self._domain.is_subset(other._domain)
+                    and self._ambient_domain.is_subset(
+                                                 other._ambient_domain))
+        return False
+
+    #### End of Parent methods
+
+    def _repr_(self):
+        r"""
+        Return a string representation of ``self``.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(3, 'M')
+            sage: X.<x,y,z> = M.chart()
+            sage: A = M.multivector_module(2)
+            sage: A
+            Free module A^2(M) of 2-vector fields on
+             the 3-dimensional differentiable manifold M
+        """
+        description = "Free module "
+        if self._name is not None:
+            description += self._name + " "
+        description += "of {}-vector fields ".format(self._degree)
+        if self._dest_map is self._domain.identity_map():
+            description += "on the {}".format(self._domain)
+        else:
+            description += "along the {} mapped into the {}".format(
+                                     self._domain, self._ambient_domain)
+        return description