passagemath-polyhedra 10.6.37__cp314-cp314-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl

sage/numerical/backends/cvxopt_backend.pyx

@@ -0,0 +1,1006 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-polyhedra
+# sage.doctest: needs cvxopt
+r"""
+CVXOPT Backend
+
+
+AUTHORS:
+
+- Ingolfur Edvardsson (2014-05): initial implementation
+"""
+#*****************************************************************************
+#       Copyright (C) 2014 Ingolfur Edvardsson <ingolfured@gmail.com>
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#                  http://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+#*****************************************************************************
+
+from sage.numerical.mip import MIPSolverException
+from sage.numerical.backends.generic_backend cimport GenericBackend
+from copy import copy
+
+
+cdef class CVXOPTBackend(GenericBackend):
+    """
+    MIP Backend that uses the CVXOPT solver.
+
+    There is no support for integer variables.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: p = MixedIntegerLinearProgram(solver='CVXOPT')
+
+    TESTS:
+
+    :issue:`20332`::
+
+        sage: p
+        Mixed Integer Program (no objective, 0 variables, 0 constraints)
+    """
+
+    cdef list objective_function  # c_matrix
+    cdef list G_matrix
+    cdef str prob_name
+    cdef bint is_maximize
+
+    cdef list row_lower_bound
+    cdef list row_upper_bound
+    cdef list col_lower_bound
+    cdef list col_upper_bound
+
+    cdef list row_name_var
+    cdef list col_name_var
+    cdef dict answer
+    cdef dict param
+
+    def __cinit__(self, maximization=True):
+        """
+        Cython constructor.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.numerical.backends.generic_backend import get_solver
+            sage: p = get_solver(solver='CVXOPT')
+        """
+
+        self.objective_function = []  # c_matrix in the example for cvxopt
+        self.G_matrix = []
+        self.prob_name = ''
+        self.obj_constant_term = 0
+        self.is_maximize = 1
+
+        self.row_lower_bound = []
+        self.row_upper_bound = []
+        self.col_lower_bound = []
+        self.col_upper_bound = []
+
+        self.row_name_var = []
+        self.col_name_var = []
+
+        self.param = {"show_progress": False,
+                      "maxiters": 100,
+                      "abstol": 1e-7,
+                      "reltol": 1e-6,
+                      "feastol": 1e-7,
+                      "refinement": 0}
+        self.answer = {}
+        if maximization:
+            self.set_sense(+1)
+        else:
+            self.set_sense(-1)
+
+    cpdef __copy__(self):
+        # Added a second inequality to this doctest,
+        # because otherwise CVXOPT complains: ValueError: Rank(A) < p or Rank([G; A]) < n
+        """
+        Return a copy of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.numerical.backends.generic_backend import get_solver
+            sage: p = MixedIntegerLinearProgram(solver='CVXOPT')
+            sage: b = p.new_variable()
+            sage: p.add_constraint(b[1] + b[2] <= 6)
+            sage: p.add_constraint(b[2] <= 5)
+            sage: p.set_objective(b[1] + b[2])
+            sage: cp = copy(p.get_backend())
+            sage: cp.solve()
+            0
+            sage: cp.get_objective_value()
+            6.0
+        """
+        cdef CVXOPTBackend cp = type(self)()
+        cp.objective_function = self.objective_function[:]
+        cp.G_matrix = [row[:] for row in self.G_matrix]
+        cp.prob_name = self.prob_name
+        cp.obj_constant_term = self.obj_constant_term
+        cp.is_maximize = self.is_maximize
+
+        cp.row_lower_bound = self.row_lower_bound[:]
+        cp.row_upper_bound = self.row_upper_bound[:]
+        cp.col_lower_bound = self.col_lower_bound[:]
+        cp.col_upper_bound = self.col_upper_bound[:]
+
+        cp.row_name_var = self.row_name_var[:]
+        cp.col_name_var = self.col_name_var[:]
+
+        cp.param = copy(self.param)
+        return cp
+
+    cpdef int add_variable(self, lower_bound=0.0, upper_bound=None, binary=False, continuous=True, integer=False, obj=None, name=None) except -1:
+        """
+        Add a variable.
+
+        This amounts to adding a new column to the matrix. By default,
+        the variable is both positive and real.
+        Variable types are always continuous, and thus the parameters
+        ``binary``, ``integer``, and ``continuous`` have no effect.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``lower_bound`` -- the lower bound of the variable (default: 0)
+
+        - ``upper_bound`` -- the upper bound of the variable (default: ``None``)
+
+        - ``binary`` -- ``True`` if the variable is binary (default: ``False``)
+
+        - ``continuous`` -- ``True`` if the variable is continuous (default: ``True``)
+
+        - ``integer`` -- ``True`` if the variable is integer (default: ``False``)
+
+        - ``obj`` -- (optional) coefficient of this variable in the objective function (default: 0.0)
+
+        - ``name`` -- an optional name for the newly added variable (default: ``None``)
+
+        OUTPUT: the index of the newly created variable
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.numerical.backends.generic_backend import get_solver
+            sage: p = get_solver(solver='CVXOPT')
+            sage: p.ncols()
+            0
+            sage: p.add_variable()
+            0
+            sage: p.ncols()
+            1
+            sage: p.add_variable()
+            1
+            sage: p.add_variable(lower_bound=-2.0)
+            2
+            sage: p.add_variable(continuous=True)
+            3
+            sage: p.add_variable(name='x',obj=1.0)
+            4
+            sage: p.col_name(3)
+            'x_3'
+            sage: p.col_name(4)
+            'x'
+            sage: p.objective_coefficient(4)
+            1.00000000000000
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: p.add_variable(integer=True)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            RuntimeError: CVXOPT only supports continuous variables
+            sage: p.add_variable(binary=True)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            RuntimeError: CVXOPT only supports continuous variables
+        """
+        if obj is None:
+            obj = 0.0
+        if binary or integer:
+            raise RuntimeError("CVXOPT only supports continuous variables")
+        self.G_matrix.append([0 for i in range(self.nrows())])
+        self.col_lower_bound.append(lower_bound)
+        self.col_upper_bound.append(upper_bound)
+        self.objective_function.append(obj)
+        self.col_name_var.append(name)
+        return len(self.objective_function) - 1
+
+    cpdef set_variable_type(self, int variable, int vtype):
+        """
+        Set the type of a variable.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.numerical.backends.generic_backend import get_solver
+            sage: p = get_solver(solver='cvxopt')
+            sage: p.add_variables(5)
+            4
+            sage: p.set_variable_type(3, -1)
+            sage: p.set_variable_type(3, -2)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: ...
+        """
+        if vtype != -1:
+            raise ValueError('This backend does not handle integer variables ! Read the doc !')
+
+    cpdef set_sense(self, int sense):
+        """
+        Set the direction (maximization/minimization).
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``sense`` -- integer:
+
+          * `+1` => Maximization
+          * `-1` => Minimization
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.numerical.backends.generic_backend import get_solver
+            sage: p = get_solver(solver='CVXOPT')
+            sage: p.is_maximization()
+            True
+            sage: p.set_sense(-1)
+            sage: p.is_maximization()
+            False
+        """
+        if sense == 1:
+            self.is_maximize = 1
+        else:
+            self.is_maximize = 0
+
+    cpdef objective_coefficient(self, int variable, coeff=None):
+        """
+        Set or get the coefficient of a variable in the objective
+        function
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``variable`` -- integer; the variable's id
+
+        - ``coeff`` -- double; its coefficient
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.numerical.backends.generic_backend import get_solver
+            sage: p = get_solver(solver='CVXOPT')
+            sage: p.add_variable()
+            0
+            sage: p.objective_coefficient(0)
+            0.0
+            sage: p.objective_coefficient(0,2)
+            sage: p.objective_coefficient(0)
+            2.0
+        """
+        if coeff is not None:
+            self.objective_function[variable] = float(coeff)
+        else:
+            return self.objective_function[variable]
+
+    cpdef set_objective(self, list coeff, d=0.0):
+        """
+        Set the objective function.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``coeff`` -- list of real values, whose i-th element is the
+          coefficient of the i-th variable in the objective function
+
+        - ``d`` -- double; the constant term in the linear function (set to `0`
+          by default)
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.numerical.backends.generic_backend import get_solver
+            sage: p = get_solver(solver='CVXOPT')
+            sage: p.add_variables(5)
+            4
+            sage: p.set_objective([1, 1, 2, 1, 3])
+            sage: [p.objective_coefficient(x) for x in range(5)]
+            [1, 1, 2, 1, 3]
+        """
+        for i in range(len(coeff)):
+            self.objective_function[i] = coeff[i]
+        self.obj_constant_term = d
+
+    cpdef set_verbosity(self, int level):
+        """
+        Do not apply for the cvxopt solver.
+        """
+        pass
+
+    cpdef add_col(self, indices, coeffs):
+        """
+        Add a column.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``indices`` -- list of integers; this list contains the
+          indices of the constraints in which the variable's
+          coefficient is nonzero
+
+        - ``coeffs`` -- list of real values; associates a coefficient
+          to the variable in each of the constraints in which it
+          appears. Namely, the i-th entry of ``coeffs`` corresponds to
+          the coefficient of the variable in the constraint
+          represented by the i-th entry in ``indices``.
+
+        .. NOTE::
+
+            ``indices`` and ``coeffs`` are expected to be of the same
+            length.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.numerical.backends.generic_backend import get_solver
+            sage: p = get_solver(solver='CVXOPT')
+            sage: p.ncols()
+            0
+            sage: p.nrows()
+            0
+            sage: p.add_linear_constraints(5, 0, None)
+            sage: p.add_col(range(5), range(5))
+            sage: p.nrows()
+            5
+        """
+        column = []
+        for _ in indices:
+            column.append(0.0)
+
+        for idx, ind in enumerate(indices):
+            column[ind] = coeffs[idx]
+
+        self.G_matrix.append(column)
+
+        self.col_lower_bound.append(None)
+        self.col_upper_bound.append(None)
+        self.objective_function.append(0)
+        self.col_name_var.append(None)
+
+    cpdef add_linear_constraint(self, coefficients, lower_bound, upper_bound, name=None):
+        """
+        Add a linear constraint.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``coefficients`` an iterable with ``(c,v)`` pairs where ``c``
+          is a variable index (integer) and ``v`` is a value (real
+          value).
+
+        - ``lower_bound`` -- a lower bound, either a real value or ``None``
+
+        - ``upper_bound`` -- an upper bound, either a real value or ``None``
+
+        - ``name`` -- an optional name for this row (default: ``None``)
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.numerical.backends.generic_backend import get_solver
+            sage: p = get_solver(solver='CVXOPT')
+            sage: p.add_variables(5)
+            4
+            sage: p.add_linear_constraint(zip(range(5), range(5)), 2.0, 2.0)
+            sage: p.row(0)
+            ([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3, 4])
+            sage: p.row_bounds(0)
+            (2.00000000000000, 2.00000000000000)
+            sage: p.add_linear_constraint(zip(range(5), range(5)), 1.0, 1.0, name='foo')
+            sage: p.row_name(-1)
+            'foo'
+        """
+        coefficients = list(coefficients)
+        for c in coefficients:
+            while c[0] > len(self.G_matrix) - 1:
+                self.add_variable()
+        for i in range(len(self.G_matrix)):
+            self.G_matrix[i].append(0.0)
+        for c in coefficients:
+            self.G_matrix[c[0]][-1] = c[1]
+
+        self.row_lower_bound.append(lower_bound)
+        self.row_upper_bound.append(upper_bound)
+        self.row_name_var.append(name)
+
+    cpdef int solve(self) except -1:
+        """
+        Solve the problem.
+
+        .. NOTE::
+
+            This method raises ``MIPSolverException`` exceptions when
+            the solution cannot be computed for any reason (none
+            exists, or the LP solver was not able to find it, etc...)
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: p = MixedIntegerLinearProgram(solver='cvxopt', maximization=False)
+            sage: x = p.new_variable(nonnegative=True)
+            sage: p.set_objective(-4*x[0] - 5*x[1])
+            sage: p.add_constraint(2*x[0] + x[1] <= 3)
+            sage: p.add_constraint(2*x[1] + x[0] <= 3)
+            sage: N(p.solve(), digits=2)
+            -9.0
+
+            sage: p = MixedIntegerLinearProgram(solver='cvxopt', maximization=False)
+            sage: x = p.new_variable(nonnegative=True)
+            sage: p.set_objective(x[0] + 2*x[1])
+            sage: p.add_constraint(-5*x[0] + x[1] <= 7)
+            sage: p.add_constraint(-5*x[0] + x[1] >= 7)
+            sage: p.add_constraint(x[0] + x[1] >= 26)
+            sage: p.add_constraint(x[0] >= 3)
+            sage: p.add_constraint(x[1] >= 4)
+            sage: N(p.solve(), digits=4)
+            48.83
+
+            sage: p = MixedIntegerLinearProgram(solver='cvxopt')
+            sage: x = p.new_variable(nonnegative=True)
+            sage: p.set_objective(x[0] + x[1] + 3*x[2])
+            sage: p.solver_parameter("show_progress",True)
+            sage: p.add_constraint(x[0] + 2*x[1] <= 4)
+            sage: p.add_constraint(5*x[2] - x[1] <= 8)
+            sage: N(p.solve(), digits=2)
+                     pcost       dcost       gap    pres   dres   k/t
+                 ...
+                8.8
+
+        When the optimal solution is not unique, CVXOPT as an interior point solver
+        gives a different type of solution compared to the solvers that use the
+        simplex method.
+
+        In the following example, the top face of the cube is optimal, and CVXOPT
+        gives the center point of the top face, whereas the other tested solvers
+        return a vertex::
+
+            sage: c = MixedIntegerLinearProgram(solver='cvxopt')
+            sage: p = MixedIntegerLinearProgram(solver='ppl')
+            sage: g = MixedIntegerLinearProgram()
+            sage: xc = c.new_variable(nonnegative=True)
+            sage: xp = p.new_variable(nonnegative=True)
+            sage: xg = g.new_variable(nonnegative=True)
+            sage: c.set_objective(xc[2])
+            sage: p.set_objective(xp[2])
+            sage: g.set_objective(xg[2])
+            sage: c.add_constraint(xc[0] <= 100)
+            sage: c.add_constraint(xc[1] <= 100)
+            sage: c.add_constraint(xc[2] <= 100)
+            sage: p.add_constraint(xp[0] <= 100)
+            sage: p.add_constraint(xp[1] <= 100)
+            sage: p.add_constraint(xp[2] <= 100)
+            sage: g.add_constraint(xg[0] <= 100)
+            sage: g.add_constraint(xg[1] <= 100)
+            sage: g.add_constraint(xg[2] <= 100)
+            sage: N(c.solve(), digits=4)
+            100.0
+            sage: N(c.get_values(xc[0]), digits=3)
+            50.0
+            sage: N(c.get_values(xc[1]), digits=3)
+            50.0
+            sage: N(c.get_values(xc[2]), digits=4)
+            100.0
+            sage: N(p.solve(), digits=4)
+            100.0
+            sage: N(p.get_values(xp[0]), 2)
+            0.00
+            sage: N(p.get_values(xp[1]), 2)
+            0.00
+            sage: N(p.get_values(xp[2]), digits=4)
+            100.0
+            sage: N(g.solve(), digits=4)
+            100.0
+            sage: N(g.get_values(xg[0]), 2)       # abstol 1e-15
+            0.00
+            sage: N(g.get_values(xg[1]), 2)       # abstol 1e-15
+            0.00
+            sage: N(g.get_values(xg[2]), digits=4)
+            100.0
+        """
+        from cvxopt import matrix, solvers
+        h = []
+
+        # for the equation bounds
+        for eq_index in range(self.nrows()):
+            h.append(self.row_upper_bound[eq_index])
+            # upper bound is already in G
+            if self.row_lower_bound[eq_index] is not None:
+                h.append(-1 * self.row_lower_bound[eq_index])
+                for cindex in range(len(self.G_matrix)):
+                    if cindex == eq_index:
+                        self.G_matrix[cindex].append(-1) # after multiplying the eq by -1
+                    else:
+                        self.G_matrix[cindex].append(0)
+
+        # for the upper bounds (if there are any)
+        for i in range(len(self.col_upper_bound)):
+            if self.col_upper_bound[i] is not None:
+                h.append(self.col_upper_bound[i])
+                for cindex in range(len(self.G_matrix)):
+                    if cindex == i:
+                        self.G_matrix[cindex].append(1)
+                    else:
+                        self.G_matrix[cindex].append(0)
+            if self.col_lower_bound[i] is not None:
+                h.append(self.col_lower_bound[i])
+                for cindex in range(len(self.G_matrix)):
+                    if cindex == i:
+                        self.G_matrix[cindex].append(-1) # after multiplying the eq by -1
+                    else:
+                        self.G_matrix[cindex].append(0)
+
+        G = []
+        for col in self.G_matrix:
+            tempcol = []
+            for i in range(len(col)):
+                tempcol.append( float(col[i]) )
+            G.append(tempcol)
+
+        G = matrix(G)
+
+        #cvxopt minimizes on default
+        if self.is_maximize:
+            c = [-1 * float(e) for e in self.objective_function]
+        else:
+            c = [float(e) for e in self.objective_function]
+        c = matrix(c)
+
+        h = [float(e) for e in h]
+        h = matrix(h)
+
+        #solvers comes from the cvxopt library
+        for k,v in self.param.iteritems():
+            solvers.options[k] = v
+        self.answer = solvers.lp(c,G,h)
+
+        #possible outcomes
+        if self.answer['status'] == 'optimized':
+            pass
+        elif self.answer['status'] == 'primal infeasible':
+            raise MIPSolverException("CVXOPT: primal infeasible")
+        elif self.answer['status'] == 'dual infeasible':
+            raise MIPSolverException("CVXOPT: dual infeasible")
+        elif self.answer['status'] == 'unknown':
+            raise MIPSolverException("CVXOPT: Terminated early due to numerical difficulties or because the maximum number of iterations was reached.")
+        return 0
+
+    cpdef get_objective_value(self):
+        """
+        Return the value of the objective function.
+
+        .. NOTE::
+
+           Behaviour is undefined unless ``solve`` has been called before.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.numerical.backends.generic_backend import get_solver
+            sage: p = get_solver(solver='cvxopt')
+            sage: p.add_variables(2)
+            1
+            sage: p.add_linear_constraint([(0,1), (1,2)], None, 3)
+            sage: p.set_objective([2, 5])
+            sage: p.solve()
+            0
+            sage: N(p.get_objective_value(),4)
+            7.5
+            sage: N(p.get_variable_value(0),4)
+            3.6e-7
+            sage: N(p.get_variable_value(1),4)
+            1.5
+        """
+        sum = self.obj_constant_term
+        i = 0
+        for v in self.objective_function:
+            sum += v * float(self.answer['x'][i])
+            i+=1
+        return sum
+
+    cpdef get_variable_value(self, int variable):
+        """
+        Return the value of a variable given by the solver.
+
+        .. NOTE::
+
+           Behaviour is undefined unless ``solve`` has been called before.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.numerical.backends.generic_backend import get_solver
+            sage: p = get_solver(solver='CVXOPT')
+            sage: p.add_variables(2)
+            1
+            sage: p.add_linear_constraint([(0,1), (1, 2)], None, 3)
+            sage: p.set_objective([2, 5])
+            sage: p.solve()
+            0
+            sage: N(p.get_objective_value(),4)
+            7.5
+            sage: N(p.get_variable_value(0),4)
+            3.6e-7
+            sage: N(p.get_variable_value(1),4)
+            1.5
+        """
+        return self.answer['x'][variable]
+
+    cpdef int ncols(self) noexcept:
+        """
+        Return the number of columns/variables.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.numerical.backends.generic_backend import get_solver
+            sage: p = get_solver(solver='CVXOPT')
+            sage: p.ncols()
+            0
+            sage: p.add_variables(2)
+            1
+            sage: p.ncols()
+            2
+        """
+
+        return len(self.objective_function)
+
+    cpdef int nrows(self) noexcept:
+        """
+        Return the number of rows/constraints.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.numerical.backends.generic_backend import get_solver
+            sage: p = get_solver(solver='CVXOPT')
+            sage: p.nrows()
+            0
+            sage: p.add_variables(5)
+            4
+            sage: p.add_linear_constraints(2, 2.0, None)
+            sage: p.nrows()
+            2
+        """
+        return len(self.row_upper_bound)
+
+    cpdef bint is_maximization(self) noexcept:
+        """
+        Test whether the problem is a maximization
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.numerical.backends.generic_backend import get_solver
+            sage: p = get_solver(solver='CVXOPT')
+            sage: p.is_maximization()
+            True
+            sage: p.set_sense(-1)
+            sage: p.is_maximization()
+            False
+        """
+        if self.is_maximize == 1:
+            return 1
+        else:
+            return 0
+
+    cpdef problem_name(self, name=None):
+        """
+        Return or define the problem's name.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``name`` -- string; the problem's name. When set to
+          ``None`` (default), the method returns the problem's name.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.numerical.backends.generic_backend import get_solver
+            sage: p = get_solver(solver='CVXOPT')
+            sage: p.problem_name()
+            ''
+            sage: p.problem_name("There once was a french fry")
+            sage: print(p.problem_name())
+            There once was a french fry
+        """
+        if name is None:
+            return self.prob_name
+        self.prob_name = name
+
+    cpdef row(self, int i):
+        """
+        Return a row.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``index`` -- integer; the constraint's id
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        A pair ``(indices, coeffs)`` where ``indices`` lists the
+        entries whose coefficient is nonzero, and to which ``coeffs``
+        associates their coefficient on the model of the
+        ``add_linear_constraint`` method.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.numerical.backends.generic_backend import get_solver
+            sage: p = get_solver(solver='CVXOPT')
+            sage: p.add_variables(5)
+            4
+            sage: p.add_linear_constraint(list(zip(range(5), range(5))), 2, 2)
+            sage: p.row(0)
+            ([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3, 4])
+            sage: p.row_bounds(0)
+            (2, 2)
+        """
+        coeff = []
+        idx = []
+        index = 0
+        for col in self.G_matrix:
+            if col[i] != 0:
+                idx.append(index)
+                coeff.append(col[i])
+            index += 1
+        return (idx, coeff)
+
+    cpdef row_bounds(self, int index):
+        """
+        Return the bounds of a specific constraint.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``index`` -- integer; the constraint's id
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        A pair ``(lower_bound, upper_bound)``. Each of them can be set
+        to ``None`` if the constraint is not bounded in the
+        corresponding direction, and is a real value otherwise.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.numerical.backends.generic_backend import get_solver
+            sage: p = get_solver(solver='CVXOPT')
+            sage: p.add_variables(5)
+            4
+            sage: p.add_linear_constraint(list(zip(range(5), range(5))), 2, 2)
+            sage: p.row(0)
+            ([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3, 4])
+            sage: p.row_bounds(0)
+            (2, 2)
+        """
+        return (self.row_lower_bound[index], self.row_upper_bound[index])
+
+    cpdef col_bounds(self, int index):
+        """
+        Return the bounds of a specific variable.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``index`` -- integer; the variable's id
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        A pair ``(lower_bound, upper_bound)``. Each of them can be set
+        to ``None`` if the variable is not bounded in the
+        corresponding direction, and is a real value otherwise.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.numerical.backends.generic_backend import get_solver
+            sage: p = get_solver(solver='CVXOPT')
+            sage: p.add_variable()
+            0
+            sage: p.col_bounds(0)
+            (0.0, None)
+            sage: p.variable_upper_bound(0, 5)
+            sage: p.col_bounds(0)
+            (0.0, 5)
+        """
+        return (self.col_lower_bound[index], self.col_upper_bound[index])
+
+    cpdef bint is_variable_binary(self, int index) noexcept:
+        """
+        Test whether the given variable is of binary type.
+        CVXOPT does not allow integer variables, so this is a bit moot.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``index`` -- integer; the variable's id
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.numerical.backends.generic_backend import get_solver
+            sage: p = get_solver(solver='CVXOPT')
+            sage: p.ncols()
+            0
+            sage: p.add_variable()
+            0
+            sage: p.set_variable_type(0,0)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: ...
+            sage: p.is_variable_binary(0)
+            False
+        """
+        return False
+
+    cpdef bint is_variable_integer(self, int index) noexcept:
+        """
+        Test whether the given variable is of integer type.
+        CVXOPT does not allow integer variables, so this is a bit moot.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``index`` -- integer; the variable's id
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.numerical.backends.generic_backend import get_solver
+            sage: p = get_solver(solver='CVXOPT')
+            sage: p.ncols()
+            0
+            sage: p.add_variable()
+            0
+            sage: p.set_variable_type(0,-1)
+            sage: p.set_variable_type(0,1)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: ...
+            sage: p.is_variable_integer(0)
+            False
+        """
+        return False
+
+    cpdef bint is_variable_continuous(self, int index) noexcept:
+        """
+        Test whether the given variable is of continuous/real type.
+        CVXOPT does not allow integer variables, so this is a bit moot.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``index`` -- integer; the variable's id
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.numerical.backends.generic_backend import get_solver
+            sage: p = get_solver(solver='CVXOPT')
+            sage: p.ncols()
+            0
+            sage: p.add_variable()
+            0
+            sage: p.is_variable_continuous(0)
+            True
+            sage: p.set_variable_type(0,1)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: ...
+            sage: p.is_variable_continuous(0)
+            True
+        """
+        return True
+
+    cpdef row_name(self, int index):
+        """
+        Return the ``index``-th row name.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``index`` -- integer; the row's id
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.numerical.backends.generic_backend import get_solver
+            sage: p = get_solver(solver='CVXOPT')
+            sage: p.add_linear_constraints(1, 2, None, names=["Empty constraint 1"])
+            sage: p.row_name(0)
+            'Empty constraint 1'
+        """
+        if self.row_name_var[index] is not None:
+            return self.row_name_var[index]
+        return "constraint_" + repr(index)
+
+    cpdef col_name(self, int index):
+        """
+        Return the ``index``-th col name.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``index`` -- integer; the col's id
+
+        - ``name`` -- (``char *``) its name; when set to ``NULL``
+          (default), the method returns the current name
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.numerical.backends.generic_backend import get_solver
+            sage: p = get_solver(solver='CVXOPT')
+            sage: p.add_variable(name="I am a variable")
+            0
+            sage: p.col_name(0)
+            'I am a variable'
+        """
+        if self.col_name_var[index] is not None:
+            return self.col_name_var[index]
+        return "x_" + repr(index)
+
+    cpdef variable_upper_bound(self, int index, value=False):
+        """
+        Return or define the upper bound on a variable.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``index`` -- integer; the variable's id
+
+        - ``value`` -- real value, or ``None`` to mean that the
+          variable has not upper bound. When set to ``False``
+          (default), the method returns the current value.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.numerical.backends.generic_backend import get_solver
+            sage: p = get_solver(solver='CVXOPT')
+            sage: p.add_variable()
+            0
+            sage: p.col_bounds(0)
+            (0.0, None)
+            sage: p.variable_upper_bound(0, 5)
+            sage: p.col_bounds(0)
+            (0.0, 5)
+        """
+        if value is not False:
+            self.col_upper_bound[index] = value
+        else:
+            return self.col_upper_bound[index]
+
+    cpdef variable_lower_bound(self, int index, value=False):
+        """
+        Return or define the lower bound on a variable.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``index`` -- integer; the variable's id
+
+        - ``value`` -- real value, or ``None`` to mean that the
+          variable has not lower bound. When set to ``False``
+          (default), the method returns the current value.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.numerical.backends.generic_backend import get_solver
+            sage: p = get_solver(solver='CVXOPT')
+            sage: p.add_variable()
+            0
+            sage: p.col_bounds(0)
+            (0.0, None)
+            sage: p.variable_lower_bound(0, 5)
+            sage: p.col_bounds(0)
+            (5, None)
+        """
+        if value is not False:
+            self.col_lower_bound[index] = value
+        else:
+            return self.col_lower_bound[index]
+
+    cpdef solver_parameter(self, name, value=None):
+        """
+        Return or define a solver parameter.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``name`` -- string; the parameter
+
+        - ``value`` -- the parameter's value if it is to be defined,
+          or ``None`` (default) to obtain its current value
+
+        .. NOTE::
+
+           The list of available parameters is available at
+           :meth:`~sage.numerical.mip.MixedIntegerLinearProgram.solver_parameter`.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.numerical.backends.generic_backend import get_solver
+            sage: p = get_solver(solver='CVXOPT')
+            sage: p.solver_parameter("show_progress")
+            False
+            sage: p.solver_parameter("show_progress", True)
+            sage: p.solver_parameter("show_progress")
+            True
+        """
+        if value is None:
+            return self.param[name]
+        else:
+            self.param[name] = value