passagemath-polyhedra 10.6.37__cp314-cp314-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl

sage/schemes/toric/weierstrass.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1078 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-polyhedra
+# sage.doctest: needs sage.geometry.polyhedron sage.graphs
+r"""
+Weierstrass form of a toric elliptic curve
+
+There are 16 reflexive polygons in the plane, see
+:func:`~sage.geometry.lattice_polytope.ReflexivePolytopes`. Each of
+them defines a toric Fano variety. And each of them has a unique
+crepant resolution to a smooth toric surface (Section 10.4 in [CLS2011]_) by
+subdividing the face fan. An anticanonical hypersurface defines an
+elliptic curve in this ambient space, which we call a toric elliptic
+curve. The purpose of this module is to write an anticanonical
+hypersurface equation in the short Weierstrass form `y^2 = x^3 + f x +
+g`. This works over any base ring as long as its characteristic `\not=
+2,3`.
+
+For an analogous treatment of elliptic curves defined as complete
+intersection in higher dimensional toric varieties, see
+the module :mod:`~sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass_higher`.
+
+Technically, this module computes the Weierstrass form of the Jacobian
+of the elliptic curve. This is why you will never have to specify the
+origin (or zero section) in the following.
+
+It turns out [Bra2011]_ that the anticanonical hypersurface
+equation of any one of the above 16 toric surfaces is a specialization
+(that is, set one or more of the coefficients to zero) of the
+following three cases. In inhomogeneous coordinates, they are
+
+* Cubic in `\mathbb{P}^2`:
+
+  .. MATH::
+
+        \begin{split}
+          p(x,y) =&\;
+          a_{30} x^{3} + a_{21} x^{2} y + a_{12} x y^{2} +
+          a_{03} y^{3} + a_{20} x^{2} +
+          \\ &\;
+          a_{11} x y +
+          a_{02} y^{2} + a_{10} x + a_{01} y + a_{00}
+        \end{split}
+
+* Biquadric in `\mathbb{P}^1\times \mathbb{P}^1`:
+
+  .. MATH::
+
+        \begin{split}
+          p(x,y) =&\;
+          a_{22} x^2 y^2 + a_{21} x^2 y + a_{20} x^2 +
+          a_{12} x y^2 +
+          \\ &\;
+          a_{11} x y + x a_{10} +
+          y^2 a_{02} + y a_{01} + a_{00}
+        \end{split}
+
+* Anticanonical hypersurface in weighted projective space `\mathbb{P}^2[1,1,2]`:
+
+  .. MATH::
+
+        \begin{split}
+          p(x,y) =&\;
+          a_{40} x^4 +
+          a_{30} x^3 +
+          a_{21} x^2 y +
+          a_{20} x^2 +
+          \\ &\;
+          a_{11} x y +
+          a_{02} y^2 +
+          a_{10} x +
+          a_{01} y +
+          a_{00}
+        \end{split}
+
+EXAMPLES:
+
+The main functionality is provided by :func:`WeierstrassForm`, which
+brings each of the above hypersurface equations into Weierstrass
+form::
+
+    sage: R.<x,y> = QQ[]
+    sage: cubic = x^3 + y^3 + 1
+    sage: WeierstrassForm(cubic)
+    (0, -27/4)
+    sage: WeierstrassForm(x^4 + y^2 + 1)
+    (-4, 0)
+    sage: WeierstrassForm(x^2*y^2 + x^2 + y^2 + 1)
+    (-16/3, 128/27)
+
+Only the affine span of the Newton polytope of the polynomial
+matters. For example::
+
+    sage: R.<x,y,z> = QQ[]
+    sage: WeierstrassForm(x^3 + y^3 + z^3)
+    (0, -27/4)
+    sage: WeierstrassForm(x * cubic)
+    (0, -27/4)
+
+This allows you to work with either homogeneous or inhomogeneous
+variables. For example, here is the del Pezzo surface of degree 8::
+
+    sage: dP8 = toric_varieties.dP8()
+    sage: dP8.inject_variables()
+    Defining t, x, y, z
+    sage: WeierstrassForm(x*y^2 + y^2*z + t^2*x^3 + t^2*z^3)
+    (-3, -2)
+    sage: WeierstrassForm(x*y^2 + y^2 + x^3 + 1)
+    (-3, -2)
+
+By specifying only certain variables we can compute the Weierstrass
+form over the polynomial ring generated by the remaining
+variables. For example, here is a cubic over `\QQ[a]` ::
+
+    sage: R.<a, x, y, z> = QQ[]
+    sage: cubic = x^3 + a*y^3 + a^2*z^3
+    sage: WeierstrassForm(cubic, variables=[x,y,z])
+    (0, -27/4*a^6)
+
+TESTS::
+
+    sage: R.<f, g, x, y> = QQ[]
+    sage: cubic = -y^2 + x^3 + f*x + g
+    sage: WeierstrassForm(cubic, variables=[x,y])
+    (f, g)
+
+REFERENCES:
+
+- [Bra2011]_
+- [Du2010]_
+- [ARVT2005]_
+- [CLS2011]_
+"""
+
+########################################################################
+#       Copyright (C) 2012 Volker Braun <vbraun.name@gmail.com>
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL)
+#
+#                  https://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+########################################################################
+
+from sage.misc.misc_c import prod
+from sage.rings.infinity import Infinity
+from sage.modules.free_module_element import vector
+from sage.geometry.polyhedron.ppl_lattice_polytope import LatticePolytope_PPL
+from sage.rings.invariants.invariant_theory import invariant_theory
+
+
+######################################################################
+#
+#  Discriminant and j-invariant
+#
+######################################################################
+
+
+def Discriminant(polynomial, variables=None):
+    r"""
+    The discriminant of the elliptic curve.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    See :func:`WeierstrassForm` for how to specify the input
+    polynomial(s) and variables.
+
+    OUTPUT: the discriminant of the elliptic curve
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass import Discriminant
+        sage: R.<x, y, z> = QQ[]
+        sage: Discriminant(x^3 + y^3 + z^3)
+        19683/16
+        sage: Discriminant(x*y*z)
+        0
+        sage: R.<w,x,y,z> = QQ[]
+        sage: quadratic1 = w^2 + x^2 + y^2
+        sage: quadratic2 = z^2 + w*x
+        sage: Discriminant([quadratic1, quadratic2])
+        -1/16
+    """
+    f, g = WeierstrassForm(polynomial, variables)
+    return 4*f**3 + 27*g**2
+
+
+######################################################################
+def j_invariant(polynomial, variables=None):
+    r"""
+    Return the `j`-invariant of the elliptic curve.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    See :func:`WeierstrassForm` for how to specify the input
+    polynomial(s) and variables.
+
+    OUTPUT:
+
+    The j-invariant of the (irreducible) cubic. Notable special values:
+
+    * The Fermat cubic: `j(x^3+y^3+z^3) = 0`
+
+    * A nodal cubic: `j(-y^2 + x^2 + x^3) = \infty`
+
+    * A cuspidal cubic `y^2=x^3` has undefined `j`-invariant. In this
+      case, a :exc:`ValueError` is raised.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass import j_invariant
+        sage: R.<x,y,z> = QQ[]
+        sage: j_invariant(x^3 + y^3 + z^3)
+        0
+        sage: j_invariant(-y^2 + x^2 + x^3)
+        +Infinity
+        sage: R.<x,y,z, a,b> = QQ[]
+        sage: j_invariant( -y^2*z + x^3 + a*x*z^2, [x,y,z])
+        1728
+
+    TESTS::
+
+        sage: j_invariant(x*y*z)
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: curve is singular and has no well-defined j-invariant
+    """
+    f, g = WeierstrassForm(polynomial, variables)
+    disc = 4*f**3 + 27*g**2
+    if disc != 0:
+        return 1728 * 4 * f**3 / disc
+    if f != 0:
+        return Infinity
+    raise ValueError('curve is singular and has no well-defined j-invariant')
+
+
+######################################################################
+#
+#  Weierstrass form of any elliptic curve
+#
+######################################################################
+def Newton_polytope_vars_coeffs(polynomial, variables):
+    """
+    Return the Newton polytope in the given variables.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    See :func:`WeierstrassForm` for how to specify the input
+    polynomial and variables.
+
+    OUTPUT:
+
+    A dictionary with keys the integral values of the Newton polytope
+    and values the corresponding coefficient of ``polynomial``.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass import Newton_polytope_vars_coeffs
+        sage: R.<x,y,z,a30,a21,a12,a03,a20,a11,a02,a10,a01,a00> = QQ[]
+        sage: p = (a30*x^3 + a21*x^2*y + a12*x*y^2 + a03*y^3 + a20*x^2*z +
+        ....:      a11*x*y*z + a02*y^2*z + a10*x*z^2 + a01*y*z^2 + a00*z^3)
+        sage: p_data = Newton_polytope_vars_coeffs(p, [x,y,z]);  p_data
+        {(0, 0, 3): a00,
+         (0, 1, 2): a01,
+         (0, 2, 1): a02,
+         (0, 3, 0): a03,
+         (1, 0, 2): a10,
+         (1, 1, 1): a11,
+         (1, 2, 0): a12,
+         (2, 0, 1): a20,
+         (2, 1, 0): a21,
+         (3, 0, 0): a30}
+
+        sage: from sage.geometry.polyhedron.ppl_lattice_polytope import LatticePolytope_PPL
+        sage: polytope = LatticePolytope_PPL(list(p_data));  polytope
+        A 2-dimensional lattice polytope in ZZ^3 with 3 vertices
+        sage: polytope.vertices()
+        ((0, 0, 3), (3, 0, 0), (0, 3, 0))
+        sage: polytope.embed_in_reflexive_polytope()
+        The map A*x+b with A=
+        [-1 -1]
+        [ 0  1]
+        [ 1  0]
+        b =
+        (3, 0, 0)
+    """
+    R = polynomial.parent()
+    var_indices = [R.gens().index(x) for x in variables]
+    result = {}
+    for c, m in polynomial:
+        e = m.exponents()[0]
+        v = tuple([e[i] for i in var_indices])
+        m_red = m // prod(x**i for x, i in zip(variables, v))
+        result[v] = result.get(v, R.zero()) + c*m_red
+    return result
+
+
+######################################################################
+def Newton_polygon_embedded(polynomial, variables):
+    r"""
+    Embed the Newton polytope of the polynomial in one of the three
+    maximal reflexive polygons.
+
+    This function is a helper for :func:`WeierstrassForm`
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    Same as :func:`WeierstrassForm` with only a single polynomial passed.
+
+    OUTPUT:
+
+    A tuple `(\Delta, P, (x,y))` where
+
+    * `\Delta` is the Newton polytope of ``polynomial``.
+
+    * `P(x,y)` equals the input ``polynomial`` but with redefined variables
+      such that its Newton polytope is `\Delta`.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass import Newton_polygon_embedded
+        sage: R.<x,y,z> = QQ[]
+        sage: cubic = x^3 + y^3 + z^3
+        sage: Newton_polygon_embedded(cubic, [x,y,z])
+        (A 2-dimensional lattice polytope in ZZ^3 with 3 vertices,
+         x^3 + y^3 + 1,
+         (x, y))
+
+        sage: R.<a, x,y,z> = QQ[]
+        sage: cubic = x^3 + a*y^3 + a^2*z^3
+        sage: Newton_polygon_embedded(cubic, variables=[x,y,z])
+        (A 2-dimensional lattice polytope in ZZ^3 with 3 vertices,
+         a^2*x^3 + y^3 + a,
+         (x, y))
+
+        sage: R.<s,t,x,y> = QQ[]
+        sage: biquadric = (s+t)^2 * (x+y)^2
+        sage: Newton_polygon_embedded(biquadric, [s,t,x,y])
+        (A 2-dimensional lattice polytope in ZZ^4 with 4 vertices,
+         s^2*t^2 + 2*s^2*t + 2*s*t^2 + s^2 + 4*s*t + t^2 + 2*s + 2*t + 1,
+         (s, t))
+    """
+    p_dict = Newton_polytope_vars_coeffs(polynomial, variables)
+    newton_polytope = LatticePolytope_PPL(list(p_dict))
+    assert newton_polytope.affine_dimension() <= 2
+    embedding = newton_polytope.embed_in_reflexive_polytope('points')
+    x, y = variables[0:2]
+    embedded_polynomial = polynomial.parent().zero()
+    for e, c in p_dict.items():
+        e_embed = embedding[e]
+        embedded_polynomial += c * x**(e_embed[0]) * y**(e_embed[1])
+    return newton_polytope, embedded_polynomial, (x, y)
+
+
+######################################################################
+def WeierstrassForm(polynomial, variables=None, transformation=False):
+    r"""
+    Return the Weierstrass form of an elliptic curve inside either
+    inside a toric surface or `\mathbb{P}^3`.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``polynomial`` -- either a polynomial or a list of polynomials
+      defining the elliptic curve.
+      A single polynomial can be either a cubic, a biquadric, or the
+      hypersurface in `\mathbb{P}^2[1,1,2]`. In this case the
+      equation need not be in any standard form, only its Newton
+      polyhedron is used.
+      If two polynomials are passed, they must both be quadratics in
+      `\mathbb{P}^3`.
+
+    - ``variables`` -- list of variables of the parent polynomial
+      ring or ``None`` (default). In the latter case, all variables
+      are taken to be polynomial ring variables. If a subset of
+      polynomial ring variables are given, the Weierstrass form is
+      determined over the function field generated by the remaining
+      variables.
+
+    - ``transformation`` -- boolean (default: ``False``); whether to
+      return the new variables that bring ``polynomial`` into
+      Weierstrass form
+
+    OUTPUT:
+
+    The pair of coefficients `(f,g)` of the Weierstrass form `y^2 =
+    x^3 + f x + g` of the hypersurface equation.
+
+    If ``transformation=True``, a triple `(X,Y,Z)` of polynomials
+    defining a rational map of the toric hypersurface or complete
+    intersection in `\mathbb{P}^3` to its Weierstrass form in
+    `\mathbb{P}^2[2,3,1]` is returned.
+    That is, the triple satisfies
+
+    .. MATH::
+
+        Y^2 = X^3 + f X Z^4 + g Z^6
+
+    when restricted to the toric hypersurface or complete intersection.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: R.<x,y,z> = QQ[]
+        sage: cubic = x^3 + y^3 + z^3
+        sage: f, g = WeierstrassForm(cubic);  (f, g)
+        (0, -27/4)
+
+    Same in inhomogeneous coordinates::
+
+        sage: R.<x,y> = QQ[]
+        sage: cubic = x^3 + y^3 + 1
+        sage: f, g = WeierstrassForm(cubic);  (f, g)
+        (0, -27/4)
+
+        sage: X,Y,Z = WeierstrassForm(cubic, transformation=True);  (X,Y,Z)
+        (-x^3*y^3 - x^3 - y^3,
+         1/2*x^6*y^3 - 1/2*x^3*y^6 - 1/2*x^6 + 1/2*y^6 + 1/2*x^3 - 1/2*y^3,
+         x*y)
+
+    Note that plugging in `[X:Y:Z]` to the Weierstrass equation is a
+    complicated polynomial, but contains the hypersurface equation as
+    a factor::
+
+        sage: -Y^2 + X^3 + f*X*Z^4 + g*Z^6
+        -1/4*x^12*y^6 - 1/2*x^9*y^9 - 1/4*x^6*y^12 + 1/2*x^12*y^3
+        - 7/2*x^9*y^6 - 7/2*x^6*y^9 + 1/2*x^3*y^12 - 1/4*x^12 - 7/2*x^9*y^3
+        - 45/4*x^6*y^6 - 7/2*x^3*y^9 - 1/4*y^12 - 1/2*x^9 - 7/2*x^6*y^3
+        - 7/2*x^3*y^6 - 1/2*y^9 - 1/4*x^6 + 1/2*x^3*y^3 - 1/4*y^6
+        sage: cubic.divides(-Y^2 + X^3 + f*X*Z^4 + g*Z^6)
+        True
+
+    Only the affine span of the Newton polytope of the polynomial
+    matters. For example::
+
+        sage: R.<x,y,z> = QQ[]
+        sage: cubic = x^3 + y^3 + z^3
+        sage: WeierstrassForm(cubic.subs(z=1))
+        (0, -27/4)
+        sage: WeierstrassForm(x * cubic)
+        (0, -27/4)
+
+    This allows you to work with either homogeneous or inhomogeneous
+    variables. For example, here is the del Pezzo surface of degree 8::
+
+        sage: dP8 = toric_varieties.dP8()
+        sage: dP8.inject_variables()
+        Defining t, x, y, z
+        sage: WeierstrassForm(x*y^2 + y^2*z + t^2*x^3 + t^2*z^3)
+        (-3, -2)
+        sage: WeierstrassForm(x*y^2 + y^2 + x^3 + 1)
+        (-3, -2)
+
+    By specifying only certain variables we can compute the
+    Weierstrass form over the function field generated by the
+    remaining variables. For example, here is a cubic over `\QQ[a]` ::
+
+        sage: R.<a, x,y,z> = QQ[]
+        sage: cubic = x^3 + a*y^3 + a^2*z^3
+        sage: WeierstrassForm(cubic, variables=[x,y,z])
+        (0, -27/4*a^6)
+
+    TESTS::
+
+        sage: for P in ReflexivePolytopes(2):                                           # needs polytopes_db
+        ....:     S = ToricVariety(FaceFan(P))
+        ....:     p = sum((-S.K()).sections_monomials())
+        ....:     print(WeierstrassForm(p))
+        (-25/48, -1475/864)
+        (-97/48, 17/864)
+        (-25/48, -611/864)
+        (-27/16, 27/32)
+        (47/48, -199/864)
+        (47/48, -71/864)
+        (5/16, -21/32)
+        (23/48, -235/864)
+        (-1/48, 161/864)
+        (-25/48, 253/864)
+        (5/16, 11/32)
+        (-25/48, 125/864)
+        (-67/16, 63/32)
+        (-11/16, 3/32)
+        (-241/48, 3689/864)
+        (215/48, -5291/864)
+    """
+    if isinstance(polynomial, (list, tuple)):
+        from sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass_higher import WeierstrassForm2
+        return WeierstrassForm2(polynomial, variables=variables, transformation=transformation)
+    if transformation:
+        from sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass_covering import WeierstrassMap
+        return WeierstrassMap(polynomial, variables=variables)
+    if variables is None:
+        variables = polynomial.variables()
+    from sage.geometry.polyhedron.ppl_lattice_polygon import (
+        polar_P2_polytope, polar_P1xP1_polytope, polar_P2_112_polytope)
+    newton_polytope, polynomial, variables = \
+        Newton_polygon_embedded(polynomial, variables)
+    polygon = newton_polytope.embed_in_reflexive_polytope('polytope')
+    if polygon is polar_P2_polytope():
+        return WeierstrassForm_P2(polynomial, variables)
+    if polygon is polar_P1xP1_polytope():
+        return WeierstrassForm_P1xP1(polynomial, variables)
+    if polygon is polar_P2_112_polytope():
+        return WeierstrassForm_P2_112(polynomial, variables)
+    raise ValueError('Newton polytope is not contained in a reflexive polygon')
+
+
+######################################################################
+#
+#  Weierstrass form of cubic in P^2
+#
+######################################################################
+def _check_homogeneity(polynomial, variables, weights, total_weight=None):
+    """
+    Raise :exc:`ValueError` if the polynomial is not weighted
+    homogeneous.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``polynomial`` -- the input polynomial; see
+      :func:`WeierstrassForm` for details
+
+    - ``variables`` -- the variables; see :func:`WeierstrassForm` for
+      details
+
+    - ``weights`` -- list of integers, one per variable; the weights
+      of the variables
+
+    - ``total_weight`` -- integer or ``None`` (default); if an
+      integer is passed, it is also checked that the weighted total
+      degree of polynomial is this value
+
+    OUTPUT:
+
+    This function returns nothing. If the polynomial is not weighted
+    homogeneous, a :exc:`ValueError` is raised.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass import _check_homogeneity
+        sage: R.<x,y,z,a30,a21,a12,a03,a20,a11,a02,a10,a01,a00> = QQ[]
+        sage: p = (a30*x^3 + a21*x^2*y + a12*x*y^2 + a03*y^3 + a20*x^2*z +
+        ....:      a11*x*y*z + a02*y^2*z + a10*x*z^2 + a01*y*z^2 + a00*z^3)
+        sage: _check_homogeneity(p, [x,y,z], (1,1,1), 3)
+
+        sage: _check_homogeneity(p + x^4, [x,y,z], (1,1,1), 3)
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: the polynomial is not homogeneous with weights (1, 1, 1)
+    """
+    w = vector(weights)
+    n = w.degree()
+    all_variables = polynomial.parent().gens()
+    variable_indices = [all_variables.index(x) for x in variables]
+    total_weight = None
+    for e in polynomial.exponents():
+        weight_e = sum(e[variable_indices[i]] * weights[i] for i in range(n))
+        if total_weight is None:
+            total_weight = weight_e
+        else:
+            if weight_e != total_weight:
+                msg = f'the polynomial is not homogeneous with weights {weights}'
+                raise ValueError(msg)
+
+
+######################################################################
+def _extract_coefficients(polynomial, monomials, variables):
+    """
+    Return the coefficients of ``monomials``.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``polynomial`` -- the input polynomial
+
+    - ``monomials`` -- list of monomials in the polynomial ring
+
+    - ``variables`` -- list of variables in the polynomial ring
+
+    OUTPUT:
+
+    A tuple containing the coefficients of the monomials in the given
+    polynomial.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass import _extract_coefficients
+        sage: R.<x,y,z,a30,a21,a12,a03,a20,a11,a02,a10,a01,a00> = QQ[]
+        sage: p = (a30*x^3 + a21*x^2*y + a12*x*y^2 + a03*y^3 + a20*x^2*z +
+        ....:      a11*x*y*z + a02*y^2*z + a10*x*z^2 + a01*y*z^2 + a00*z^3)
+        sage: m = [x^3, y^3, z^3, x^2*y, x^2*z, x*y^2, y^2*z, x*z^2, y*z^2, x*y*z]
+        sage: _extract_coefficients(p, m, [x,y,z])
+        (a30, a03, a00, a21, a20, a12, a02, a10, a01, a11)
+
+        sage: m = [x^3, y^3, 1, x^2*y, x^2, x*y^2, y^2, x, y, x*y]
+        sage: _extract_coefficients(p.subs(z=1), m, [x,y])
+        (a30, a03, a00, a21, a20, a12, a02, a10, a01, a11)
+    """
+    R = polynomial.parent()
+    indices = [R.gens().index(x) for x in variables]
+
+    def index(monomial):
+        if monomial in R.base_ring():
+            return tuple(0 for i in indices)
+        e = monomial.exponents()[0]
+        return tuple(e[i] for i in indices)
+    coeffs = {}
+    for c, m in polynomial:
+        i = index(m)
+        coeffs[i] = c*m + coeffs.pop(i, R.zero())
+    result = tuple(coeffs.pop(index(m), R.zero()) // m for m in monomials)
+    if coeffs:
+        msg = f'the polynomial contains more monomials than given: {coeffs}'
+        raise ValueError(msg)
+    return result
+
+
+######################################################################
+def _check_polynomial_P2(cubic, variables):
+    """
+    Check the polynomial is weighted homogeneous in standard variables.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``cubic`` -- the input polynomial; see
+      :func:`WeierstrassForm` for details
+
+    - ``variables`` -- the variables or ``None``; see
+      :func:`WeierstrassForm` for details
+
+    OUTPUT:
+
+    This functions returns ``variables``, potentially guessed from the
+    polynomial ring. A :exc:`ValueError` is raised if the polynomial is
+    not homogeneous.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass import _check_polynomial_P2
+        sage: R.<x,y,z> = QQ[]
+        sage: cubic = x^3 + y^3 + z^3
+        sage: _check_polynomial_P2(cubic, [x,y,z])
+        (x, y, z)
+        sage: _check_polynomial_P2(cubic, None)
+        (x, y, z)
+        sage: _check_polynomial_P2(cubic.subs(z=1), None)
+        (x, y, None)
+        sage: R.<x,y,z,t> = QQ[]
+        sage: cubic = x^3 + y^3 + z^3 + t*x*y*z
+        sage: _check_polynomial_P2(cubic, [x,y,z])
+        (x, y, z)
+        sage: _check_polynomial_P2(cubic, [x,y,t])
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: the polynomial is not homogeneous with weights (1, 1, 1)
+    """
+    if variables is None:
+        variables = cubic.variables()
+    if len(variables) == 3:
+        x, y, z = variables
+        _check_homogeneity(cubic, [x, y, z], (1, 1, 1), 3)
+    elif len(variables) == 2:
+        x, y = variables
+        z = None
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(f'need two or three variables, got {variables}')
+    return (x, y, z)
+
+
+######################################################################
+def WeierstrassForm_P2(polynomial, variables=None):
+    r"""
+    Bring a cubic into Weierstrass form.
+
+    Input/output is the same as :func:`WeierstrassForm`, except that
+    the input polynomial must be a standard cubic in `\mathbb{P}^2`,
+
+    .. MATH::
+
+        \begin{split}
+          p(x,y) =&\;
+          a_{30} x^{3} + a_{21} x^{2} y + a_{12} x y^{2} +
+          a_{03} y^{3} + a_{20} x^{2} +
+          \\ &\;
+          a_{11} x y +
+          a_{02} y^{2} + a_{10} x + a_{01} y + a_{00}
+        \end{split}
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass import WeierstrassForm_P2
+        sage: R.<x,y,z> = QQ[]
+        sage: WeierstrassForm_P2(x^3 + y^3 + z^3)
+        (0, -27/4)
+
+        sage: R.<x,y,z, a,b> = QQ[]
+        sage: WeierstrassForm_P2(-y^2*z + x^3 + a*x*z^2 + b*z^3, [x,y,z])
+        (a, b)
+
+    TESTS::
+
+        sage: R.<x,y,z,a30,a21,a12,a03,a20,a11,a02,a10,a01,a00> = QQ[]
+        sage: p = ( a30*x^3 + a21*x^2*y + a12*x*y^2 + a03*y^3 + a20*x^2*z +
+        ....:       a11*x*y*z + a02*y^2*z + a10*x*z^2 + a01*y*z^2 + a00*z^3 )
+        sage: WeierstrassForm_P2(p, [x,y,z])
+        (-1/48*a11^4 + 1/6*a20*a11^2*a02 - 1/3*a20^2*a02^2 - 1/2*a03*a20*a11*a10
+         + 1/6*a12*a11^2*a10 + 1/3*a12*a20*a02*a10 - 1/2*a21*a11*a02*a10
+         + a30*a02^2*a10 - 1/3*a12^2*a10^2 + a21*a03*a10^2 + a03*a20^2*a01
+         - 1/2*a12*a20*a11*a01 + 1/6*a21*a11^2*a01 + 1/3*a21*a20*a02*a01
+         - 1/2*a30*a11*a02*a01 + 1/3*a21*a12*a10*a01 - 3*a30*a03*a10*a01
+         - 1/3*a21^2*a01^2 + a30*a12*a01^2 + a12^2*a20*a00 - 3*a21*a03*a20*a00
+         - 1/2*a21*a12*a11*a00 + 9/2*a30*a03*a11*a00 + a21^2*a02*a00
+         - 3*a30*a12*a02*a00,
+         1/864*a11^6 - 1/72*a20*a11^4*a02 + 1/18*a20^2*a11^2*a02^2
+         - 2/27*a20^3*a02^3 + 1/24*a03*a20*a11^3*a10 - 1/72*a12*a11^4*a10
+         - 1/6*a03*a20^2*a11*a02*a10 + 1/36*a12*a20*a11^2*a02*a10
+         + 1/24*a21*a11^3*a02*a10 + 1/9*a12*a20^2*a02^2*a10
+         - 1/6*a21*a20*a11*a02^2*a10 - 1/12*a30*a11^2*a02^2*a10
+         + 1/3*a30*a20*a02^3*a10 + 1/4*a03^2*a20^2*a10^2
+         - 1/6*a12*a03*a20*a11*a10^2 + 1/18*a12^2*a11^2*a10^2
+         - 1/12*a21*a03*a11^2*a10^2 + 1/9*a12^2*a20*a02*a10^2
+         - 1/6*a21*a03*a20*a02*a10^2 - 1/6*a21*a12*a11*a02*a10^2
+         + a30*a03*a11*a02*a10^2 + 1/4*a21^2*a02^2*a10^2
+         - 2/3*a30*a12*a02^2*a10^2 - 2/27*a12^3*a10^3 + 1/3*a21*a12*a03*a10^3
+         - a30*a03^2*a10^3 - 1/12*a03*a20^2*a11^2*a01 + 1/24*a12*a20*a11^3*a01
+         - 1/72*a21*a11^4*a01 + 1/3*a03*a20^3*a02*a01 - 1/6*a12*a20^2*a11*a02*a01
+         + 1/36*a21*a20*a11^2*a02*a01 + 1/24*a30*a11^3*a02*a01
+         + 1/9*a21*a20^2*a02^2*a01 - 1/6*a30*a20*a11*a02^2*a01
+         - 1/6*a12*a03*a20^2*a10*a01 - 1/6*a12^2*a20*a11*a10*a01
+         + 5/6*a21*a03*a20*a11*a10*a01 + 1/36*a21*a12*a11^2*a10*a01
+         - 3/4*a30*a03*a11^2*a10*a01 + 1/18*a21*a12*a20*a02*a10*a01
+         - 3/2*a30*a03*a20*a02*a10*a01 - 1/6*a21^2*a11*a02*a10*a01
+         + 5/6*a30*a12*a11*a02*a10*a01 - 1/6*a30*a21*a02^2*a10*a01
+         + 1/9*a21*a12^2*a10^2*a01 - 2/3*a21^2*a03*a10^2*a01
+         + a30*a12*a03*a10^2*a01 + 1/4*a12^2*a20^2*a01^2
+         - 2/3*a21*a03*a20^2*a01^2 - 1/6*a21*a12*a20*a11*a01^2
+         + a30*a03*a20*a11*a01^2 + 1/18*a21^2*a11^2*a01^2
+         - 1/12*a30*a12*a11^2*a01^2 + 1/9*a21^2*a20*a02*a01^2
+         - 1/6*a30*a12*a20*a02*a01^2 - 1/6*a30*a21*a11*a02*a01^2
+         + 1/4*a30^2*a02^2*a01^2 + 1/9*a21^2*a12*a10*a01^2
+         - 2/3*a30*a12^2*a10*a01^2 + a30*a21*a03*a10*a01^2
+         - 2/27*a21^3*a01^3 + 1/3*a30*a21*a12*a01^3 - a30^2*a03*a01^3
+         - a03^2*a20^3*a00 + a12*a03*a20^2*a11*a00 - 1/12*a12^2*a20*a11^2*a00
+         - 3/4*a21*a03*a20*a11^2*a00 + 1/24*a21*a12*a11^3*a00
+         + 5/8*a30*a03*a11^3*a00 - 2/3*a12^2*a20^2*a02*a00
+         + a21*a03*a20^2*a02*a00 + 5/6*a21*a12*a20*a11*a02*a00
+         - 3/2*a30*a03*a20*a11*a02*a00 - 1/12*a21^2*a11^2*a02*a00
+         - 3/4*a30*a12*a11^2*a02*a00 - 2/3*a21^2*a20*a02^2*a00
+         + a30*a12*a20*a02^2*a00 + a30*a21*a11*a02^2*a00
+         - a30^2*a02^3*a00 + 1/3*a12^3*a20*a10*a00
+         - 3/2*a21*a12*a03*a20*a10*a00 + 9/2*a30*a03^2*a20*a10*a00
+         - 1/6*a21*a12^2*a11*a10*a00 + a21^2*a03*a11*a10*a00
+         - 3/2*a30*a12*a03*a11*a10*a00 - 1/6*a21^2*a12*a02*a10*a00
+         + a30*a12^2*a02*a10*a00 - 3/2*a30*a21*a03*a02*a10*a00
+         - 1/6*a21*a12^2*a20*a01*a00 + a21^2*a03*a20*a01*a00
+         - 3/2*a30*a12*a03*a20*a01*a00 - 1/6*a21^2*a12*a11*a01*a00
+         + a30*a12^2*a11*a01*a00 - 3/2*a30*a21*a03*a11*a01*a00
+         + 1/3*a21^3*a02*a01*a00 - 3/2*a30*a21*a12*a02*a01*a00
+         + 9/2*a30^2*a03*a02*a01*a00 + 1/4*a21^2*a12^2*a00^2
+         - a30*a12^3*a00^2 - a21^3*a03*a00^2
+         + 9/2*a30*a21*a12*a03*a00^2 - 27/4*a30^2*a03^2*a00^2)
+    """
+    x, y, z = _check_polynomial_P2(polynomial, variables)
+    cubic = invariant_theory.ternary_cubic(polynomial, x, y, z)
+    F = polynomial.base_ring()
+    S = cubic.S_invariant()
+    T = cubic.T_invariant()
+    return (27 * S, -27 / F(4) * T)
+
+
+######################################################################
+#
+#  Weierstrass form of biquadric in P1 x P1
+#
+######################################################################
+def _check_polynomial_P1xP1(biquadric, variables):
+    """
+    Check the polynomial is weighted homogeneous in standard variables.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``biquadric`` -- the input polynomial; see
+      :func:`WeierstrassForm` for details
+
+    - ``variables`` -- the variables or ``None``; see
+      :func:`WeierstrassForm` for details
+
+    OUTPUT:
+
+    This functions returns ``variables``, potentially guessed from the
+    polynomial ring. A :exc:`ValueError` is raised if the polynomial is
+    not homogeneous.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass import _check_polynomial_P1xP1
+        sage: R.<x0,x1,y0,y1> = QQ[]
+        sage: biquadric = (x0^2*y0^2 + x0*x1*y0^2*2 + x1^2*y0^2*3
+        ....:     + x0^2*y0*y1*4 + x0*x1*y0*y1*5 + x1^2*y0*y1*6
+        ....:     + x0^2*y1^2*7 + x0*x1*y1^2*8)
+        sage: _check_polynomial_P1xP1(biquadric, [x0,x1,y0,y1])
+        [x0, x1, y0, y1]
+        sage: _check_polynomial_P1xP1(biquadric, None)
+        (x0, x1, y0, y1)
+        sage: _check_polynomial_P1xP1(biquadric.subs(y0=1, y1=1), None)
+        [x0, None, x1, None]
+        sage: _check_polynomial_P1xP1(biquadric, [x0,y0,x1,y1])
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: the polynomial is not homogeneous with weights (1, 1, 0, 0)
+    """
+    if variables is None:
+        variables = biquadric.variables()
+    if len(variables) == 4:
+        _check_homogeneity(biquadric, variables, (1, 1, 0, 0), 2)
+        _check_homogeneity(biquadric, variables, (0, 0, 1, 1), 2)
+    elif len(variables) == 2:
+        variables = [variables[0], None, variables[1], None]
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(f'need two or four variables, got {variables}')
+    return variables
+
+
+######################################################################
+def _partial_discriminant(quadric, y0, y1=None):
+    """
+    Return the partial discriminant wrt. `(y_0, y_1)`.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``quadric`` -- a biquadric
+
+    - ``y_0``, ``y_1`` -- the variables of the quadric; the ``y_1``
+      variable can be omitted if the quadric is inhomogeneous
+
+    OUTPUT: a plane quartic in ``x0``, ``x1``
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: R.<x0,x1,y0,y1,a00,a10,a20,a01,a11,a21,a02,a12,a22> = QQ[]
+        sage: biquadric = (x0^2*y0^2*a00 + x0*x1*y0^2*a10 + x1^2*y0^2*a20
+        ....:     + x0^2*y0*y1*a01 + x0*x1*y0*y1*a11 + x1^2*y0*y1*a21
+        ....:     + x0^2*y1^2*a02 + x0*x1*y1^2*a12 + x1^2*y1^2*a22)
+        sage: from sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass import _partial_discriminant
+        sage: _partial_discriminant(biquadric, y0, y1)
+        x0^4*a01^2 + 2*x0^3*x1*a01*a11 + x0^2*x1^2*a11^2
+        + 2*x0^2*x1^2*a01*a21 + 2*x0*x1^3*a11*a21 + x1^4*a21^2
+        - 4*x0^4*a00*a02 - 4*x0^3*x1*a10*a02 - 4*x0^2*x1^2*a20*a02
+        - 4*x0^3*x1*a00*a12 - 4*x0^2*x1^2*a10*a12 - 4*x0*x1^3*a20*a12
+        - 4*x0^2*x1^2*a00*a22 - 4*x0*x1^3*a10*a22 - 4*x1^4*a20*a22
+        sage: _partial_discriminant(biquadric, x0, x1)
+        y0^4*a10^2 - 4*y0^4*a00*a20 - 4*y0^3*y1*a20*a01
+        + 2*y0^3*y1*a10*a11 + y0^2*y1^2*a11^2 - 4*y0^3*y1*a00*a21
+        - 4*y0^2*y1^2*a01*a21 - 4*y0^2*y1^2*a20*a02 - 4*y0*y1^3*a21*a02
+        + 2*y0^2*y1^2*a10*a12 + 2*y0*y1^3*a11*a12 + y1^4*a12^2
+        - 4*y0^2*y1^2*a00*a22 - 4*y0*y1^3*a01*a22 - 4*y1^4*a02*a22
+    """
+    if y1 is None:
+        monomials = (quadric.parent().one(), y0, y0**2)
+        variables = [y0]
+    else:
+        monomials = (y1**2, y0 * y1, y0**2)
+        variables = [y0, y1]
+    c = _extract_coefficients(quadric, monomials, variables)
+    return c[1]**2 - 4*c[0]*c[2]
+
+
+######################################################################
+def WeierstrassForm_P1xP1(biquadric, variables=None):
+    r"""
+    Bring a biquadric into Weierstrass form.
+
+    Input/output is the same as :func:`WeierstrassForm`, except that
+    the input polynomial must be a standard biquadric in `\mathbb{P}^2`,
+
+    .. MATH::
+
+        \begin{split}
+          p(x,y) =&\;
+          a_{40} x^4 +
+          a_{30} x^3 +
+          a_{21} x^2 y +
+          a_{20} x^2 +
+          \\ &\;
+          a_{11} x y +
+          a_{02} y^2 +
+          a_{10} x +
+          a_{01} y +
+          a_{00}
+        \end{split}
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass import WeierstrassForm_P1xP1
+        sage: R.<x0,x1,y0,y1> = QQ[]
+        sage: biquadric = (x0^2*y0^2 + x0*x1*y0^2*2 + x1^2*y0^2*3
+        ....:     + x0^2*y0*y1*4 + x0*x1*y0*y1*5 + x1^2*y0*y1*6
+        ....:     + x0^2*y1^2*7 + x0*x1*y1^2*8)
+        sage: WeierstrassForm_P1xP1(biquadric, [x0, x1, y0, y1])
+        (1581/16, -3529/32)
+
+    Since there is no `x_1^2 y_1^2` term in ``biquadric``, we can
+    dehomogenize it and get a cubic::
+
+        sage: from sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass import WeierstrassForm_P2
+        sage: WeierstrassForm_P2(biquadric(x0=1,y0=1))
+        (1581/16, -3529/32)
+
+    TESTS::
+
+        sage: R.<x0,x1,y0,y1,a00,a10,a20,a01,a11,a21,a02,a12,a22> = QQ[]
+        sage: biquadric = (x0^2*y0^2*a00 + x0*x1*y0^2*a10 + x1^2*y0^2*a20
+        ....:     + x0^2*y0*y1*a01 + x0*x1*y0*y1*a11 + x1^2*y0*y1*a21
+        ....:     + x0^2*y1^2*a02 + x0*x1*y1^2*a12)
+        sage: WeierstrassForm_P1xP1(biquadric, [x0, x1, y0, y1])
+        (-1/48*a11^4 + 1/6*a01*a11^2*a21 - 1/3*a01^2*a21^2
+         + 1/6*a20*a11^2*a02 + 1/3*a20*a01*a21*a02 - 1/2*a10*a11*a21*a02
+         + a00*a21^2*a02 - 1/3*a20^2*a02^2 - 1/2*a20*a01*a11*a12
+         + 1/6*a10*a11^2*a12 + 1/3*a10*a01*a21*a12 - 1/2*a00*a11*a21*a12
+         + 1/3*a10*a20*a02*a12 - 1/3*a10^2*a12^2 + a00*a20*a12^2, 1/864*a11^6
+         - 1/72*a01*a11^4*a21 + 1/18*a01^2*a11^2*a21^2 - 2/27*a01^3*a21^3
+         - 1/72*a20*a11^4*a02 + 1/36*a20*a01*a11^2*a21*a02
+         + 1/24*a10*a11^3*a21*a02 + 1/9*a20*a01^2*a21^2*a02
+         - 1/6*a10*a01*a11*a21^2*a02 - 1/12*a00*a11^2*a21^2*a02
+         + 1/3*a00*a01*a21^3*a02 + 1/18*a20^2*a11^2*a02^2
+         + 1/9*a20^2*a01*a21*a02^2 - 1/6*a10*a20*a11*a21*a02^2
+         + 1/4*a10^2*a21^2*a02^2 - 2/3*a00*a20*a21^2*a02^2 - 2/27*a20^3*a02^3
+         + 1/24*a20*a01*a11^3*a12 - 1/72*a10*a11^4*a12
+         - 1/6*a20*a01^2*a11*a21*a12 + 1/36*a10*a01*a11^2*a21*a12
+         + 1/24*a00*a11^3*a21*a12 + 1/9*a10*a01^2*a21^2*a12
+         - 1/6*a00*a01*a11*a21^2*a12 - 1/6*a20^2*a01*a11*a02*a12
+         + 1/36*a10*a20*a11^2*a02*a12 + 1/18*a10*a20*a01*a21*a02*a12
+         - 1/6*a10^2*a11*a21*a02*a12 + 5/6*a00*a20*a11*a21*a02*a12
+         - 1/6*a00*a10*a21^2*a02*a12 + 1/9*a10*a20^2*a02^2*a12
+         + 1/4*a20^2*a01^2*a12^2 - 1/6*a10*a20*a01*a11*a12^2
+         + 1/18*a10^2*a11^2*a12^2 - 1/12*a00*a20*a11^2*a12^2
+         + 1/9*a10^2*a01*a21*a12^2 - 1/6*a00*a20*a01*a21*a12^2
+         - 1/6*a00*a10*a11*a21*a12^2 + 1/4*a00^2*a21^2*a12^2
+         + 1/9*a10^2*a20*a02*a12^2 - 2/3*a00*a20^2*a02*a12^2
+         - 2/27*a10^3*a12^3 + 1/3*a00*a10*a20*a12^3)
+
+        sage: _ == WeierstrassForm_P1xP1(biquadric.subs(x1=1, y1=1), [x0, y0])
+        True
+    """
+    x, y, s, t = _check_polynomial_P1xP1(biquadric, variables)
+    delta = _partial_discriminant(biquadric, s, t)
+    Q = invariant_theory.binary_quartic(delta, x, y)
+    g2 = Q.EisensteinD()
+    g3 = -Q.EisensteinE()
+    return (-g2 / 4, -g3 / 4)
+
+
+######################################################################
+#
+#  Weierstrass form of anticanonical hypersurface in WP2[1,1,2]
+#
+######################################################################
+def _check_polynomial_P2_112(polynomial, variables):
+    """
+    Check the polynomial is weighted homogeneous in standard variables.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``polynomial`` -- the input polynomial; see
+      :func:`WeierstrassForm` for details
+
+    - ``variables`` -- the variables or ``None``; see
+      :func:`WeierstrassForm` for details
+
+    OUTPUT:
+
+    This functions returns ``variables``, potentially guessed from the
+    polynomial ring. A :exc:`ValueError` is raised if the polynomial is
+    not homogeneous.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass import _check_polynomial_P2_112
+        sage: R.<x,y,z,t> = QQ[]
+        sage: polynomial = z^4*t^2 + x*z^3*t^2 + x^2*z^2*t^2 + x^3*z*t^2 + \
+        ....:              x^4*t^2 + y*z^2*t + x*y*z*t + x^2*y*t + y^2
+        sage: _check_polynomial_P2_112(polynomial, [x,y,z,t])
+        (x, y, z, t)
+        sage: _check_polynomial_P2_112(polynomial, None)
+        (x, y, z, t)
+        sage: _check_polynomial_P2_112(polynomial(z=1, t=1), None)
+        (x, y, None, None)
+        sage: _check_polynomial_P2_112(polynomial, [x,y,t,z])
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: the polynomial is not homogeneous with weights (1, 0, 1, -2)
+    """
+    if variables is None:
+        variables = polynomial.variables()
+    else:
+        variables = tuple(variables)
+    if len(variables) == 4:
+        _check_homogeneity(polynomial, variables, (1, 0, 1, -2), 0)
+        _check_homogeneity(polynomial, variables, (0, 1, 0, 1), 2)
+    elif len(variables) == 2:
+        variables = (variables[0], variables[1], None, None)
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(f'need two or four variables, got {variables}')
+    return variables
+
+
+def WeierstrassForm_P2_112(polynomial, variables=None):
+    r"""
+    Bring an anticanonical hypersurface in `\mathbb{P}^2[1,1,2]` into Weierstrass form.
+
+    Input/output is the same as :func:`WeierstrassForm`, except that
+    the input polynomial must be a standard anticanonical hypersurface
+    in weighted projective space `\mathbb{P}^2[1,1,2]`:
+
+    .. MATH::
+
+        \begin{split}
+          p(x,y) =&\;
+          a_{40} x^4 +
+          a_{30} x^3 +
+          a_{21} x^2 y +
+          a_{20} x^2 +
+          \\ &\;
+          a_{11} x y +
+          a_{02} y^2 +
+          a_{10} x +
+          a_{01} y +
+          a_{00}
+        \end{split}
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass import WeierstrassForm_P2_112
+        sage: fan = Fan(rays=[(1,0),(0,1),(-1,-2),(0,-1)],
+        ....:           cones=[[0,1],[1,2],[2,3],[3,0]])
+        sage: P112.<x,y,z,t> = ToricVariety(fan)
+        sage: (-P112.K()).sections_monomials()
+        (z^4*t^2, x*z^3*t^2, x^2*z^2*t^2, x^3*z*t^2,
+         x^4*t^2, y*z^2*t, x*y*z*t, x^2*y*t, y^2)
+        sage: WeierstrassForm_P2_112(sum(_), [x,y,z,t])
+        (-97/48, 17/864)
+
+    TESTS::
+
+        sage: R.<x,y,z,t,a40,a30,a20,a10,a00,a21,a11,a01,a02> = QQ[]
+        sage: p = (a40*x^4*t^2 + a30*x^3*z*t^2 + a20*x^2*z^2*t^2 + a10*x*z^3*t^2 +
+        ....:      a00*z^4*t^2 + a21*x^2*y*t + a11*x*y*z*t + a01*y*z^2*t + a02*y^2)
+        sage: WeierstrassForm_P2_112(p, [x,y,z,t])
+        (-1/48*a11^4 + 1/6*a21*a11^2*a01 - 1/3*a21^2*a01^2 + a00*a21^2*a02
+         - 1/2*a10*a21*a11*a02 + 1/6*a20*a11^2*a02 + 1/3*a20*a21*a01*a02
+         - 1/2*a30*a11*a01*a02 + a40*a01^2*a02 - 1/3*a20^2*a02^2 + a30*a10*a02^2
+         - 4*a40*a00*a02^2, 1/864*a11^6 - 1/72*a21*a11^4*a01
+         + 1/18*a21^2*a11^2*a01^2 - 2/27*a21^3*a01^3 - 1/12*a00*a21^2*a11^2*a02
+         + 1/24*a10*a21*a11^3*a02 - 1/72*a20*a11^4*a02 + 1/3*a00*a21^3*a01*a02
+         - 1/6*a10*a21^2*a11*a01*a02 + 1/36*a20*a21*a11^2*a01*a02
+         + 1/24*a30*a11^3*a01*a02 + 1/9*a20*a21^2*a01^2*a02
+         - 1/6*a30*a21*a11*a01^2*a02 - 1/12*a40*a11^2*a01^2*a02
+         + 1/3*a40*a21*a01^3*a02 + 1/4*a10^2*a21^2*a02^2
+         - 2/3*a20*a00*a21^2*a02^2 - 1/6*a20*a10*a21*a11*a02^2
+         + a30*a00*a21*a11*a02^2 + 1/18*a20^2*a11^2*a02^2
+         - 1/12*a30*a10*a11^2*a02^2 - 2/3*a40*a00*a11^2*a02^2
+         + 1/9*a20^2*a21*a01*a02^2 - 1/6*a30*a10*a21*a01*a02^2
+         - 4/3*a40*a00*a21*a01*a02^2 - 1/6*a30*a20*a11*a01*a02^2
+         + a40*a10*a11*a01*a02^2 + 1/4*a30^2*a01^2*a02^2
+         - 2/3*a40*a20*a01^2*a02^2 - 2/27*a20^3*a02^3
+         + 1/3*a30*a20*a10*a02^3 - a40*a10^2*a02^3 - a30^2*a00*a02^3
+         + 8/3*a40*a20*a00*a02^3)
+
+        sage: _ == WeierstrassForm_P2_112(p.subs(z=1, t=1), [x,y])
+        True
+
+        sage: cubic = p.subs(a40=0)
+        sage: a,b = WeierstrassForm_P2_112(cubic, [x,y,z,t])
+        sage: a = a.subs(t=1, z=1)
+        sage: b = b.subs(t=1, z=1)
+        sage: from sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass import WeierstrassForm_P2
+        sage: (a,b) == WeierstrassForm_P2(cubic.subs(t=1, z=1), [x,y])
+        True
+    """
+    x, y, z, t = _check_polynomial_P2_112(polynomial, variables)
+    delta = _partial_discriminant(polynomial, y, t)
+    Q = invariant_theory.binary_quartic(delta, x, z)
+    g2 = Q.EisensteinD()
+    g3 = -Q.EisensteinE()
+    return (-g2 / 4, -g3 / 4)