multipers 2.2.3__cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl → 2.3.0__cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl

multipers/gudhi/gudhi/Persistence_matrix/ru_rep_cycles.h

@@ -1,376 +1,376 @@
-/*    This file is part of the Gudhi Library - https://gudhi.inria.fr/ - which is released under MIT.
- *    See file LICENSE or go to https://gudhi.inria.fr/licensing/ for full license details.
- *    Author(s):       Hannah Schreiber
- *
- *    Copyright (C) 2022-24 Inria
- *
- *    Modification(s):
- *      - YYYY/MM Author: Description of the modification
- */
-
-/**
- * @file ru_rep_cycles.h
- * @author Hannah Schreiber
- * @brief Contains the @ref Gudhi::persistence_matrix::RU_representative_cycles class and
- * @ref Gudhi::persistence_matrix::Dummy_ru_representative_cycles structure.
- */
-
-#ifndef PM_RU_REP_CYCLES_H
-#define PM_RU_REP_CYCLES_H
-
-#include <cassert>
-#include <utility>    //std::move
-#include <algorithm>  //std::sort
-#include <vector>
-// #include <set>
-#if BOOST_VERSION >= 108100
-#include <boost/unordered/unordered_flat_set.hpp>
-#else
-#include <unordered_set>
-#endif
-
-#include <gudhi/persistence_matrix_options.h>
-
-namespace Gudhi {
-namespace persistence_matrix {
-
-/**
- * @ingroup persistence_matrix
- *
- * @brief Empty structure.
- * Inherited instead of @ref RU_representative_cycles, when the computation of the representative cycles
- * were not enabled.
- */
-struct Dummy_ru_representative_cycles
-{
-  friend void swap([[maybe_unused]] Dummy_ru_representative_cycles& d1,
-                   [[maybe_unused]] Dummy_ru_representative_cycles& d2) {}
-};
-
-// TODO: add coefficients ? Only Z2 token into account for now.
-/**
- * @class RU_representative_cycles ru_rep_cycles.h gudhi/Persistence_matrix/ru_rep_cycles.h
- * @ingroup persistence_matrix
- *
- * @brief Class managing the representative cycles for @ref RU_matrix if the option was enabled.
- * 
- * @tparam Master_matrix An instantiation of @ref Matrix from which all types and options are deduced.
- */
-template <class Master_matrix>
-class RU_representative_cycles 
-{
- public:
-  using Index = typename Master_matrix::Index;        /**< @ref MatIdx index type. */
-  using ID_index = typename Master_matrix::ID_index;  /**< @ref IDIdx index type. */
-  using Bar = typename Master_matrix::Bar;            /**< Bar type. */
-  using Cycle = typename Master_matrix::Cycle;        /**< Cycle type. */
-  using Cycle_border = std::vector<ID_index>;
-  using Cycle_borders = std::vector<Cycle_border>;
-  struct hashCycle {
-    size_t operator()(const Cycle_border& cycle) const {
-      std::hash<ID_index> hasher;
-      size_t answer = 0;
-      for (ID_index i : cycle) {
-        answer ^= hasher(i) + 0x9e3779b9 + (answer << 6) + (answer >> 2);
-      }
-      return answer;
-    }
-  };
-#if BOOST_VERSION >= 108100
-  using Cycle_borders_tmp = boost::unordered_flat_set<Cycle_border,hashCycle>;
-#else
-  using Cycle_borders_tmp = std::unordered_set<Cycle_border,hashCycle>;
-#endif
-#if BOOST_VERSION >= 108100
-  using Cycle_unreduced_borders_tmp = boost::unordered_flat_set<Index>;
-#else
-  using Cycle_unreduced_borders_tmp = std::unordered_set<Index>;
-#endif
-
-  /**
-   * @brief Default constructor.
-   */
-  RU_representative_cycles();
-  /**
-   * @brief Copy constructor.
-   * 
-   * @param matrixToCopy Matrix to copy.
-   */
-  RU_representative_cycles(const RU_representative_cycles& matrixToCopy);
-  /**
-   * @brief Move constructor.
-   * 
-   * @param other Matrix to move.
-   */
-  RU_representative_cycles(RU_representative_cycles&& other) noexcept;
-
-  /**
-   * @brief Computes the current representative cycles of the matrix.
-   */
-  void update_representative_cycles();
-
-  // /**
-  //  * @brief Returns the current representative cycles. If the matrix is modified later after the first call,
-  //  * @ref update_representative_cycles has to be called to update the returned cycles.
-  //  * 
-  //  * @return A const reference to a vector of @ref Matrix::Cycle containing all representative cycles.
-  //  */
-  // const std::vector<Cycle>& get_representative_cycles();
-  // /**
-  //  * @brief Returns the representative cycle corresponding to the given bar.
-  //  * If the matrix is modified later after the first call,
-  //  * @ref update_representative_cycles has to be called to update the returned cycles.
-  //  * 
-  //  * @param bar Bar corresponding to the wanted representative cycle.
-  //  * @return A const reference to the representative cycle.
-  //  */
-  // const Cycle& get_representative_cycle(const Bar& bar);
-
-  /**
-   * @brief Returns the current representative cycles. If the matrix is modified later after the first call,
-   * @ref update_representative_cycles has to be called to update the returned cycles.
-   * 
-   * @return A const reference to a vector of @ref Matrix::Cycle containing all representative cycles.
-   */
-  std::vector<Cycle_borders> get_representative_cycles_as_borders(bool detailed = false);
-
-  /**
-   * @brief Assign operator.
-   */
-  RU_representative_cycles& operator=(RU_representative_cycles other);
-  /**
-   * @brief Swap operator.
-   */
-  friend void swap(RU_representative_cycles& base1, RU_representative_cycles& base2) {
-    base1.representativeCycles_.swap(base2.representativeCycles_);
-    base1.u_transposed_.swap(base2.u_transposed_);
-    // base1.birthToCycle_.swap(base2.birthToCycle_);
-  }
-
- private:
-  using Master_RU_matrix = typename Master_matrix::Master_RU_matrix;
-
-  std::vector<Index> representativeCycles_; /**< Cycle container. */
-  // std::vector<Index> birthToCycle_;         /**< Map from birth index to cycle index. */
-  std::vector<Cycle> u_transposed_;
-
-  void _get_initial_borders(Index idx, Cycle_borders_tmp& borders);
-  Cycle_border _get_border(Index uIndex);
-  Cycle_border _get_dependent_border(Index uIndex);
-
-  constexpr Master_RU_matrix* _matrix() { return static_cast<Master_RU_matrix*>(this); }
-  constexpr const Master_RU_matrix* _matrix() const { return static_cast<const Master_RU_matrix*>(this); }
-};
-
-template <class Master_matrix>
-inline RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix>::RU_representative_cycles()
-{}
-
-template <class Master_matrix>
-inline RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix>::RU_representative_cycles(
-    const RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix>& matrixToCopy)
-    : representativeCycles_(matrixToCopy.representativeCycles_),
-      // birthToCycle_(matrixToCopy.birthToCycle_),
-      u_transposed_(matrixToCopy.u_transposed_)
-{}
-
-template <class Master_matrix>
-inline RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix>::RU_representative_cycles(
-    RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix>&& other) noexcept
-    : representativeCycles_(std::move(other.representativeCycles_)),
-      // birthToCycle_(std::move(other.birthToCycle_)),
-      u_transposed_(std::move(other.u_transposed_))
-{}
-
-//TODO: u_transposed_ as a vector of Index and another vector giving position + length of each cycle?
-template <class Master_matrix>
-inline void RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix>::update_representative_cycles() 
-{
-  //WARNING: this was only thought for the multipers interface, it is not definitive and does not
-  // cover all cases.
-  static_assert(Master_matrix::Option_list::has_column_pairings && Master_matrix::Option_list::is_z2,
-                "Needs an ID to Pos map.");
-
-  auto rsize = _matrix()->reducedMatrixR_.get_number_of_columns();
-  representativeCycles_.clear();
-  representativeCycles_.reserve(rsize);
-
-  auto usize = _matrix()->mirrorMatrixU_.get_number_of_columns();
-  u_transposed_.clear();
-  u_transposed_.resize(usize);
-
-  for (Index i = 0; i < usize; i++) {
-    if (_matrix()->reducedMatrixR_.is_zero_column(i)) {
-      representativeCycles_.push_back(i);
-    }
-    if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::column_type == Column_types::HEAP ||
-                  Master_matrix::Option_list::column_type == Column_types::VECTOR) {
-      // TODO: have a better way to do this. For now, one cannot use the column iterators for that.
-      unsigned int j = 0;
-      for (const auto& entry : _matrix()->mirrorMatrixU_.get_column(i).get_content()) {
-        if (entry != 0){
-          u_transposed_[j].push_back(i);
-        }
-        ++j;
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (const auto& entry : _matrix()->mirrorMatrixU_.get_column(i)) {
-        u_transposed_[entry.get_row_index()].push_back(i);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-// template <class Master_matrix>
-// inline const std::vector<typename RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix>::Cycle>&
-// RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix>::get_representative_cycles() 
-// {
-//   if (representativeCycles_.empty()) update_representative_cycles();
-//   return representativeCycles_;
-// }
-
-// template <class Master_matrix>
-// inline const typename RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix>::Cycle&
-// RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix>::get_representative_cycle(const Bar& bar) 
-// {
-//   if (representativeCycles_.empty()) update_representative_cycles();
-//   return representativeCycles_[birthToCycle_[bar.birth]];
-// }
-
-//TODO: not store cycle borders in vectors of vectors of vectors
-template <class Master_matrix>
-inline std::vector<typename RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix>::Cycle_borders>
-RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix>::get_representative_cycles_as_borders(bool detailed)
-{
-  static_assert(Master_matrix::Option_list::is_z2, "Only available for Z2 coefficients for now.");
-
-  if (representativeCycles_.empty()) update_representative_cycles();
-
-  std::vector<Cycle_borders> cycles(representativeCycles_.size());
-  unsigned int i = 0;
-  for (const auto& cycleIndex : representativeCycles_){
-    const auto& cycle = u_transposed_[cycleIndex];
-    assert(_matrix()->reducedMatrixR_.is_zero_column(cycle.back()));
-    if (cycle.size() != 1){ //cycle.size == 1 -> border is empty
-      if (detailed) {
-        Cycle_borders_tmp cbt;
-        for (unsigned int j = 0; j < cycle.size() - 1; ++j){
-          assert(!_matrix()->reducedMatrixR_.is_zero_column(cycle[j]));
-          _get_initial_borders(cycle[j], cbt);
-        }
-        cycles[i] = Cycle_borders(cbt.begin(), cbt.end());
-        cycles[i].push_back(_get_dependent_border(cycle.back()));
-      } else {
-        cycles[i].resize(cycle.size());
-        for (unsigned int j = 0; j < cycle.size() - 1; ++j){
-          cycles[i][j] = _get_border(cycle[j]);
-        }
-        cycles[i].back() = _get_dependent_border(cycle.back());
-      }
-    } else {
-      cycles[i].push_back({});
-    }
-    
-    ++i;
-  }
-  return cycles;
-}
-
-template <class Master_matrix>
-inline RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix>& RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix>::operator=(
-    RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix> other) 
-{
-  representativeCycles_.swap(other.representativeCycles_);
-  u_transposed_.swap(other.u_transposed_);
-  // birthToCycle_.swap(other.birthToCycle_);
-  return *this;
-}
-
-//TODO: try avoid storing the vectors in the unordered set, when it is not reduced as it adds run time for hash
-//computation and possibly comparaison of vectors. Treat them separately. See if it goes faster, or if it was marginal
-template <class Master_matrix>
-inline void RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix>::_get_initial_borders(Index idx,
-                                                                          Cycle_borders_tmp& borders) {
-  const Cycle& cycle = u_transposed_[idx];
-  assert(cycle.back() == idx);
-
-  auto add_to = [](const std::vector<Index>& b, Cycle_borders_tmp& borders){
-    auto p = borders.insert(b);
-    if (!p.second) borders.erase(p.first);
-  };
-
-  for (unsigned int j = 0; j < cycle.size() - 1; ++j){
-    _get_initial_borders(cycle[j], borders);
-  }
-
-  add_to(_get_dependent_border(idx), borders);
-}
-
-template <class Master_matrix>
-inline typename RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix>::Cycle_border
-RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix>::_get_border(Index uIndex) {
-  const auto& col = _matrix()->reducedMatrixR_.get_column(uIndex);
-  Cycle_border res;
-
-  unsigned int j = 0;
-  if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::column_type == Column_types::HEAP ||
-                Master_matrix::Option_list::column_type == Column_types::VECTOR) {
-    res.reserve(col.size());
-    // TODO: have a better way to do this. For now, one cannot use the column iterators for that.
-    for (auto i : col.get_content()) {
-      if (i != 0) res.push_back(j);
-      ++j;
-    }
-  } else {
-    res.resize(col.size());
-    for (const auto& entry : col) {
-      res[j] = entry.get_row_index();
-      ++j;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return res;
-}
-
-template <class Master_matrix>
-inline typename RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix>::Cycle_border
-RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix>::_get_dependent_border(Index uIndex) {
-  if (u_transposed_[uIndex].size() == 1){
-    return _get_border(uIndex);
-  }
-
-  auto add = [](const Master_matrix::Column& col, Cycle_unreduced_borders_tmp& b){
-    if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::column_type == Column_types::HEAP ||
-                  Master_matrix::Option_list::column_type == Column_types::VECTOR) {
-      // TODO: have a better way to do this. For now, one cannot use the column iterators for that.
-      unsigned int j = 0;
-      for (auto k : col.get_content()) {
-        if (k != 0) {
-          auto p = b.insert(j);
-          if (!p.second) b.erase(p.first);
-        }
-        ++j;
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (const auto& entry : col) {
-        auto p = b.insert(entry.get_row_index());
-          if (!p.second) b.erase(p.first);
-      }
-    }
-  };
-
-  Cycle_unreduced_borders_tmp b;
-  for (Index i : u_transposed_[uIndex]){
-    add(_matrix()->reducedMatrixR_.get_column(i), b);
-  }
-
-  Cycle_border res(b.begin(), b.end());
-  std::sort(res.begin(), res.end());
-
-  return res;
-}
-
-}  // namespace persistence_matrix
-}  // namespace Gudhi
-
-#endif  // PM_RU_REP_CYCLES_H
+/*    This file is part of the Gudhi Library - https://gudhi.inria.fr/ - which is released under MIT.
+ *    See file LICENSE or go to https://gudhi.inria.fr/licensing/ for full license details.
+ *    Author(s):       Hannah Schreiber
+ *
+ *    Copyright (C) 2022-24 Inria
+ *
+ *    Modification(s):
+ *      - YYYY/MM Author: Description of the modification
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @file ru_rep_cycles.h
+ * @author Hannah Schreiber
+ * @brief Contains the @ref Gudhi::persistence_matrix::RU_representative_cycles class and
+ * @ref Gudhi::persistence_matrix::Dummy_ru_representative_cycles structure.
+ */
+
+#ifndef PM_RU_REP_CYCLES_H
+#define PM_RU_REP_CYCLES_H
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <utility>    //std::move
+#include <algorithm>  //std::sort
+#include <vector>
+// #include <set>
+#if BOOST_VERSION >= 108100
+#include <boost/unordered/unordered_flat_set.hpp>
+#else
+#include <unordered_set>
+#endif
+
+#include <gudhi/persistence_matrix_options.h>
+
+namespace Gudhi {
+namespace persistence_matrix {
+
+/**
+ * @ingroup persistence_matrix
+ *
+ * @brief Empty structure.
+ * Inherited instead of @ref RU_representative_cycles, when the computation of the representative cycles
+ * were not enabled.
+ */
+struct Dummy_ru_representative_cycles
+{
+  friend void swap([[maybe_unused]] Dummy_ru_representative_cycles& d1,
+                   [[maybe_unused]] Dummy_ru_representative_cycles& d2) {}
+};
+
+// TODO: add coefficients ? Only Z2 token into account for now.
+/**
+ * @class RU_representative_cycles ru_rep_cycles.h gudhi/Persistence_matrix/ru_rep_cycles.h
+ * @ingroup persistence_matrix
+ *
+ * @brief Class managing the representative cycles for @ref RU_matrix if the option was enabled.
+ * 
+ * @tparam Master_matrix An instantiation of @ref Matrix from which all types and options are deduced.
+ */
+template <class Master_matrix>
+class RU_representative_cycles 
+{
+ public:
+  using Index = typename Master_matrix::Index;        /**< @ref MatIdx index type. */
+  using ID_index = typename Master_matrix::ID_index;  /**< @ref IDIdx index type. */
+  using Bar = typename Master_matrix::Bar;            /**< Bar type. */
+  using Cycle = typename Master_matrix::Cycle;        /**< Cycle type. */
+  using Cycle_border = std::vector<ID_index>;
+  using Cycle_borders = std::vector<Cycle_border>;
+  struct hashCycle {
+    size_t operator()(const Cycle_border& cycle) const {
+      std::hash<ID_index> hasher;
+      size_t answer = 0;
+      for (ID_index i : cycle) {
+        answer ^= hasher(i) + 0x9e3779b9 + (answer << 6) + (answer >> 2);
+      }
+      return answer;
+    }
+  };
+#if BOOST_VERSION >= 108100
+  using Cycle_borders_tmp = boost::unordered_flat_set<Cycle_border,hashCycle>;
+#else
+  using Cycle_borders_tmp = std::unordered_set<Cycle_border,hashCycle>;
+#endif
+#if BOOST_VERSION >= 108100
+  using Cycle_unreduced_borders_tmp = boost::unordered_flat_set<Index>;
+#else
+  using Cycle_unreduced_borders_tmp = std::unordered_set<Index>;
+#endif
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Default constructor.
+   */
+  RU_representative_cycles();
+  /**
+   * @brief Copy constructor.
+   * 
+   * @param matrixToCopy Matrix to copy.
+   */
+  RU_representative_cycles(const RU_representative_cycles& matrixToCopy);
+  /**
+   * @brief Move constructor.
+   * 
+   * @param other Matrix to move.
+   */
+  RU_representative_cycles(RU_representative_cycles&& other) noexcept;
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Computes the current representative cycles of the matrix.
+   */
+  void update_representative_cycles();
+
+  // /**
+  //  * @brief Returns the current representative cycles. If the matrix is modified later after the first call,
+  //  * @ref update_representative_cycles has to be called to update the returned cycles.
+  //  * 
+  //  * @return A const reference to a vector of @ref Matrix::Cycle containing all representative cycles.
+  //  */
+  // const std::vector<Cycle>& get_representative_cycles();
+  // /**
+  //  * @brief Returns the representative cycle corresponding to the given bar.
+  //  * If the matrix is modified later after the first call,
+  //  * @ref update_representative_cycles has to be called to update the returned cycles.
+  //  * 
+  //  * @param bar Bar corresponding to the wanted representative cycle.
+  //  * @return A const reference to the representative cycle.
+  //  */
+  // const Cycle& get_representative_cycle(const Bar& bar);
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Returns the current representative cycles. If the matrix is modified later after the first call,
+   * @ref update_representative_cycles has to be called to update the returned cycles.
+   * 
+   * @return A const reference to a vector of @ref Matrix::Cycle containing all representative cycles.
+   */
+  std::vector<Cycle_borders> get_representative_cycles_as_borders(bool detailed = false);
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Assign operator.
+   */
+  RU_representative_cycles& operator=(RU_representative_cycles other);
+  /**
+   * @brief Swap operator.
+   */
+  friend void swap(RU_representative_cycles& base1, RU_representative_cycles& base2) {
+    base1.representativeCycles_.swap(base2.representativeCycles_);
+    base1.u_transposed_.swap(base2.u_transposed_);
+    // base1.birthToCycle_.swap(base2.birthToCycle_);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  using Master_RU_matrix = typename Master_matrix::Master_RU_matrix;
+
+  std::vector<Index> representativeCycles_; /**< Cycle container. */
+  // std::vector<Index> birthToCycle_;         /**< Map from birth index to cycle index. */
+  std::vector<Cycle> u_transposed_;
+
+  void _get_initial_borders(Index idx, Cycle_borders_tmp& borders);
+  Cycle_border _get_border(Index uIndex);
+  Cycle_border _get_dependent_border(Index uIndex);
+
+  constexpr Master_RU_matrix* _matrix() { return static_cast<Master_RU_matrix*>(this); }
+  constexpr const Master_RU_matrix* _matrix() const { return static_cast<const Master_RU_matrix*>(this); }
+};
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix>::RU_representative_cycles()
+{}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix>::RU_representative_cycles(
+    const RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix>& matrixToCopy)
+    : representativeCycles_(matrixToCopy.representativeCycles_),
+      // birthToCycle_(matrixToCopy.birthToCycle_),
+      u_transposed_(matrixToCopy.u_transposed_)
+{}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix>::RU_representative_cycles(
+    RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix>&& other) noexcept
+    : representativeCycles_(std::move(other.representativeCycles_)),
+      // birthToCycle_(std::move(other.birthToCycle_)),
+      u_transposed_(std::move(other.u_transposed_))
+{}
+
+//TODO: u_transposed_ as a vector of Index and another vector giving position + length of each cycle?
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline void RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix>::update_representative_cycles() 
+{
+  //WARNING: this was only thought for the multipers interface, it is not definitive and does not
+  // cover all cases.
+  static_assert(Master_matrix::Option_list::has_column_pairings && Master_matrix::Option_list::is_z2,
+                "Needs an ID to Pos map.");
+
+  auto rsize = _matrix()->reducedMatrixR_.get_number_of_columns();
+  representativeCycles_.clear();
+  representativeCycles_.reserve(rsize);
+
+  auto usize = _matrix()->mirrorMatrixU_.get_number_of_columns();
+  u_transposed_.clear();
+  u_transposed_.resize(usize);
+
+  for (Index i = 0; i < usize; i++) {
+    if (_matrix()->reducedMatrixR_.is_zero_column(i)) {
+      representativeCycles_.push_back(i);
+    }
+    if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::column_type == Column_types::HEAP ||
+                  Master_matrix::Option_list::column_type == Column_types::VECTOR) {
+      // TODO: have a better way to do this. For now, one cannot use the column iterators for that.
+      unsigned int j = 0;
+      for (const auto& entry : _matrix()->mirrorMatrixU_.get_column(i).get_content()) {
+        if (entry != 0){
+          u_transposed_[j].push_back(i);
+        }
+        ++j;
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (const auto& entry : _matrix()->mirrorMatrixU_.get_column(i)) {
+        u_transposed_[entry.get_row_index()].push_back(i);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// template <class Master_matrix>
+// inline const std::vector<typename RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix>::Cycle>&
+// RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix>::get_representative_cycles() 
+// {
+//   if (representativeCycles_.empty()) update_representative_cycles();
+//   return representativeCycles_;
+// }
+
+// template <class Master_matrix>
+// inline const typename RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix>::Cycle&
+// RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix>::get_representative_cycle(const Bar& bar) 
+// {
+//   if (representativeCycles_.empty()) update_representative_cycles();
+//   return representativeCycles_[birthToCycle_[bar.birth]];
+// }
+
+//TODO: not store cycle borders in vectors of vectors of vectors
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline std::vector<typename RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix>::Cycle_borders>
+RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix>::get_representative_cycles_as_borders(bool detailed)
+{
+  static_assert(Master_matrix::Option_list::is_z2, "Only available for Z2 coefficients for now.");
+
+  if (representativeCycles_.empty()) update_representative_cycles();
+
+  std::vector<Cycle_borders> cycles(representativeCycles_.size());
+  unsigned int i = 0;
+  for (const auto& cycleIndex : representativeCycles_){
+    const auto& cycle = u_transposed_[cycleIndex];
+    assert(_matrix()->reducedMatrixR_.is_zero_column(cycle.back()));
+    if (cycle.size() != 1){ //cycle.size == 1 -> border is empty
+      if (detailed) {
+        Cycle_borders_tmp cbt;
+        for (unsigned int j = 0; j < cycle.size() - 1; ++j){
+          assert(!_matrix()->reducedMatrixR_.is_zero_column(cycle[j]));
+          _get_initial_borders(cycle[j], cbt);
+        }
+        cycles[i] = Cycle_borders(cbt.begin(), cbt.end());
+        cycles[i].push_back(_get_dependent_border(cycle.back()));
+      } else {
+        cycles[i].resize(cycle.size());
+        for (unsigned int j = 0; j < cycle.size() - 1; ++j){
+          cycles[i][j] = _get_border(cycle[j]);
+        }
+        cycles[i].back() = _get_dependent_border(cycle.back());
+      }
+    } else {
+      cycles[i].push_back({});
+    }
+    
+    ++i;
+  }
+  return cycles;
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix>& RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix>::operator=(
+    RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix> other) 
+{
+  representativeCycles_.swap(other.representativeCycles_);
+  u_transposed_.swap(other.u_transposed_);
+  // birthToCycle_.swap(other.birthToCycle_);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+//TODO: try avoid storing the vectors in the unordered set, when it is not reduced as it adds run time for hash
+//computation and possibly comparaison of vectors. Treat them separately. See if it goes faster, or if it was marginal
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline void RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix>::_get_initial_borders(Index idx,
+                                                                          Cycle_borders_tmp& borders) {
+  const Cycle& cycle = u_transposed_[idx];
+  assert(cycle.back() == idx);
+
+  auto add_to = [](const std::vector<Index>& b, Cycle_borders_tmp& borders){
+    auto p = borders.insert(b);
+    if (!p.second) borders.erase(p.first);
+  };
+
+  for (unsigned int j = 0; j < cycle.size() - 1; ++j){
+    _get_initial_borders(cycle[j], borders);
+  }
+
+  add_to(_get_dependent_border(idx), borders);
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline typename RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix>::Cycle_border
+RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix>::_get_border(Index uIndex) {
+  const auto& col = _matrix()->reducedMatrixR_.get_column(uIndex);
+  Cycle_border res;
+
+  unsigned int j = 0;
+  if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::column_type == Column_types::HEAP ||
+                Master_matrix::Option_list::column_type == Column_types::VECTOR) {
+    res.reserve(col.size());
+    // TODO: have a better way to do this. For now, one cannot use the column iterators for that.
+    for (auto i : col.get_content()) {
+      if (i != 0) res.push_back(j);
+      ++j;
+    }
+  } else {
+    res.resize(col.size());
+    for (const auto& entry : col) {
+      res[j] = entry.get_row_index();
+      ++j;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return res;
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline typename RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix>::Cycle_border
+RU_representative_cycles<Master_matrix>::_get_dependent_border(Index uIndex) {
+  if (u_transposed_[uIndex].size() == 1){
+    return _get_border(uIndex);
+  }
+
+  auto add = [](const Master_matrix::Column& col, Cycle_unreduced_borders_tmp& b){
+    if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::column_type == Column_types::HEAP ||
+                  Master_matrix::Option_list::column_type == Column_types::VECTOR) {
+      // TODO: have a better way to do this. For now, one cannot use the column iterators for that.
+      unsigned int j = 0;
+      for (auto k : col.get_content()) {
+        if (k != 0) {
+          auto p = b.insert(j);
+          if (!p.second) b.erase(p.first);
+        }
+        ++j;
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (const auto& entry : col) {
+        auto p = b.insert(entry.get_row_index());
+          if (!p.second) b.erase(p.first);
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  Cycle_unreduced_borders_tmp b;
+  for (Index i : u_transposed_[uIndex]){
+    add(_matrix()->reducedMatrixR_.get_column(i), b);
+  }
+
+  Cycle_border res(b.begin(), b.end());
+  std::sort(res.begin(), res.end());
+
+  return res;
+}
+
+}  // namespace persistence_matrix
+}  // namespace Gudhi
+
+#endif  // PM_RU_REP_CYCLES_H