multipers 2.2.3__cp311-cp311-win_amd64.whl → 2.3.0__cp311-cp311-win_amd64.whl

multipers/point_measure.pyx

@@ -1,320 +1,322 @@
-# cimport multipers.tensor as mt
-from libc.stdint cimport intptr_t, uint16_t, uint32_t, int32_t, int64_t
-from libcpp.vector cimport vector
-from libcpp cimport bool, int, float
-import numpy as np
-cimport numpy as cnp
-import itertools
-from typing import Optional,Iterable
-
-from collections import defaultdict
-cnp.import_array()
-from scipy import sparse
-
-
-import multipers.grids as mpg
-
-ctypedef fused some_int:
-    int32_t
-    int64_t
-    int
-
-ctypedef fused some_float:
-    int32_t
-    int64_t
-    int
-    float
-    double
-
-
-import cython
-cimport cython
-
-
-
-# from scipy.sparse import coo_array
-# from scipy.ndimage import convolve1d
-
-def signed_betti(hilbert_function:np.ndarray, bool threshold=False):
-    cdef int n = hilbert_function.ndim
-    # zero out the "end" of the Hilbert function
-    if threshold:
-        for dimension in range(n):
-            slicer = tuple([slice(None) if i != dimension else -1 for i in range(n)])
-            hilbert_function[slicer] = 0
-    for i in range(n):
-        minus = tuple([slice(None) if j!=i else slice(0,-1) for j in range(n)])
-        plus = tuple([slice(None) if j!=i else slice(1,None) for j in range(n)])
-        hilbert_function[plus] -= hilbert_function[minus]
-    return hilbert_function
-
-def rank_decomposition_by_rectangles(rank_invariant:np.ndarray, bool threshold=False):
-    # takes as input the rank invariant of an n-parameter persistence module
-    #   M  :  [0, ..., s_1 - 1] x ... x [0, ..., s_n - 1]  --->  Vec
-    # on a grid with dimensions of sizes s_1, ..., s_n. The input is assumed to be
-    # given as a tensor of dimensions (s_1, ..., s_n, s_1, ..., s_n), so that,
-    # at index [i_1, ..., i_n, j_1, ..., j_n] we have the rank of the structure
-    # map M(i) -> M(j), where i = (i_1, ..., i_n) and j = (j_1, ..., j_n), and
-    # i <= j, meaning that i_1 <= j_1, ..., i_n <= j_n.
-    # NOTE :
-    #   - About the input, we assume that, if not( i <= j ), then at index
-    #     [i_1, ..., i_n, j_1, ..., j_n] we have a zero.
-    #   - Similarly, the output at index [i_1, ..., i_n, j_1, ..., j_n] only
-    #     makes sense when i <= j. For indices where not( i <= j ) the output
-    #     may take arbitrary values and they should be ignored.
-    cdef int n = rank_invariant.ndim // 2
-    if threshold:
-        # zero out the "end"
-        for dimension in range(n):
-            slicer = tuple(
-                [slice(None) for _ in range(n)]
-                + [slice(None) if i != dimension else -1 for i in range(n)]
-            )
-            rank_invariant[slicer] = 0
-    to_flip = tuple(range(n, 2 * n))
-    return np.flip(signed_betti(np.flip(rank_invariant, to_flip)), to_flip)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-@cython.boundscheck(False)
-@cython.wraparound(False)
-def integrate_measure(
-        some_float[:,:] pts, 
-        some_int[:] weights, 
-        filtration_grid:Optional[Iterable[np.ndarray]]=None,
-        grid_strategy:str="regular",
-        resolution:int|list[int]=100,
-        bool return_grid=False,
-        **get_fitration_kwargs,
-        ):
-    """
-    Integrate a point measure on a grid.
-    Measure is a sum of diracs, based on points `pts` and weights `weights`.
-    For instance, if the signed measure comes from the hilbert signed measure,
-    this integration will return the hilbert function on this grid.
-     - pts : array of points (num_pts, D)
-     - weights : array of weights (num_pts,)
-     - filtration_grid (optional) : list of 1d arrays
-     - resolution : int or list of int
-     - return_grid : return the grid of the measure
-     - **get_fitration_kwargs : arguments to compute the grid,
-        if the grid is not given.
-    """
-    if filtration_grid is None:
-        import multipers.simplex_tree_multi
-        filtration_grid = mpg.compute_grid(
-                np.asarray(pts).T,
-                strategy=grid_strategy,
-                resolution=resolution,
-                **get_fitration_kwargs
-                )
-    resolution = np.asarray([len(f) for f in filtration_grid])
-    cdef int num_pts = pts.shape[0]
-    cdef int num_parameters = pts.shape[1]
-    assert weights.shape[0] == num_pts
-    out = np.zeros(shape=resolution, dtype=np.int32) ## dim cannot be known at compiletime
-    # cdef some_float[:] filtration_of_parameter
-    # cdef cnp.ndarray indices = np.zeros(shape=num_parameters, dtype=int)
-    #
-    pts_coords = np.empty((num_parameters, num_pts), dtype=np.int64)
-    for parameter in range(num_parameters):
-        pts_coords[parameter] = np.searchsorted(filtration_grid[parameter], pts[:,parameter]) 
-    for i in range(num_pts): 
-        cone = tuple(slice(c,r) for r,c in zip(resolution,pts_coords[:,i]))
-        out[cone] += weights[i] 
-    if return_grid:
-        return out,filtration_grid
-    return out
-
-## for benchmark purposes
-def integrate_measure_python(pts, weights, filtrations):
-    resolution = tuple([len(f) for f in filtrations])
-    out = np.zeros(shape=resolution, dtype=pts.dtype)
-    num_pts = pts.shape[0]
-    num_parameters = pts.shape[1]
-    for i in range(num_pts): #this is slow.
-        indices = (filtrations[parameter]>=pts[i][parameter] for parameter in range(num_parameters))
-        out[np.ix_(*indices)] += weights[i]
-    return out
-
-
-def sparsify(x):
-    """
-    Given an arbitrary dimensional numpy array, returns (coordinates,data).
-    --
-    cost : scipy sparse + num_points*num_parameters^2 divisions
-    """
-    num_parameters = x.ndim
-    sx = sparse.coo_array(x.ravel())
-    idx = sx.col
-    data = sx.data
-    coords = np.empty((data.shape[0], num_parameters), dtype=np.int64)
-    for parameter in range(num_parameters-1,-1,-1):
-        idx,coord_of_parameter = np.divmod(idx, x.shape[parameter])
-        coords[:, parameter] = coord_of_parameter
-    return coords,data
-
-
-
-
-@cython.boundscheck(False)
-@cython.wraparound(False)
-def clean_signed_measure(some_float[:,:] pts, some_int[:] weights, dtype = np.float32):
-    """
-    Sum the diracs at the same locations. i.e.,
-    returns the minimal sized measure to represent the input.
-    Mostly useful for, e.g., euler_characteristic from simplical complexes.
-    """
-    cdef dict[tuple, int] out = {}
-    cdef int num_diracs
-    cdef int num_parameters
-    num_diracs, num_parameters = pts.shape[:2]
-    for i in range(num_diracs):
-        key = tuple(pts[i]) # size cannot be known at compiletime
-        out[key] = out.get(key,0)+ weights[i]
-    num_keys = len(out)
-    new_pts = np.fromiter(out.keys(), dtype=np.dtype((dtype,num_parameters)), count=num_keys) 
-    new_weights = np.fromiter(out.values(), dtype=np.int32, count=num_keys)
-    idx = np.nonzero(new_weights)
-    new_pts = new_pts[idx]
-    new_weights = new_weights[idx]
-    return (new_pts, new_weights)
-
-def clean_sms(sms):
-    """
-    Sum the diracs at the same locations. i.e.,
-    returns the minimal sized measure to represent the input.
-    Mostly useful for, e.g., euler_characteristic from simplical complexes.
-    """
-    return tuple(clean_signed_measure(pts,weights) for pts,weights in sms)
-
-def zero_out_sm(pts,weights, mass_default):
-    """
-    Zeros out the modules outside of \f$ \{ x\in \mathbb R^n \mid x \le \mathrm{mass_default}\}\f$.
-    """
-    from itertools import product
-    # merge pts, weights
-    PTS = np.concatenate([pts,weights[:,None]], axis=1)[None]
-    
-    num_diracs, num_parameters=pts.shape
-    
-    # corners of the square of dim num_parameters. shape : (num_corners,num_parameters)
-    C = np.fromiter(product(*([[1,0]]*num_parameters)), dtype=np.dtype((np.bool_, num_parameters)),)
-    Cw = 1-2*((~C).sum(axis=1)%2)
-    # add 1 in the end to copy the shape 
-    C = np.concatenate([C, np.ones((C.shape[0],1))], axis=1).astype(np.bool_)
-    
-    # signs of each corner
-    Cw = 1-2*((~C).sum(axis=1)%2)
-
-    # something useless in the end to ensure that the shape is correct (as we added 1 in pts)
-    mass_default = np.concatenate([mass_default,[np.nan]]) 
-    mass_default = mass_default[None,None,:] ## num c, num_pts, num_params
-    # each point `pt` becomes a corner of the square [`pt`, `mass_default`]
-    new= np.where(C[:,None,:], PTS,mass_default).reshape(-1,(num_parameters+1))
-    new_pts = new[:,:-1]
-    new_masses = new[:,-1]*np.repeat(Cw,num_diracs)
-    ## a bunch of stuff are in the same place, better clean it
-    return clean_signed_measure(new_pts.astype(np.float64), new_masses.astype(np.int64), dtype=np.float64)
- 
-def zero_out_sms(sms, mass_default):
-    """
-    Zeros out the modules outside of \f$ \{ x\in \mathbb R^n \mid x \le \mathrm{mass_default}\}\f$.
-    """
-    return tuple(zero_out_sm(pts,weights, mass_default) for pts,weights in sms)
-
-@cython.boundscheck(False)
-@cython.wraparound(False)
-def barcode_from_rank_sm(
-    sm: tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray],
-    basepoint: np.ndarray,
-    direction: Optional[np.ndarray] = None,
-    bool full = False,
-):
-    """
-    Given a rank signed measure `sm` and a line with basepoint `basepoint` (1darray) and
-    direction `direction` (1darray), projects the rank signed measure on the given line,
-    and returns the associated estimated barcode.
-    If full is True, the barcode is given as coordinates in R^{`num_parameters`} instead
-    of coordinates w.r.t. the line.
-    """
-    basepoint = np.asarray(basepoint)
-    num_parameters = basepoint.shape[0]
-    x, w = sm
-    assert (
-        x.shape[1] // 2 == num_parameters
-    ), f"Incoherent number of parameters. sm:{x.shape[1]//2} vs {num_parameters}"
-    x, y = x[:, :num_parameters], x[:, num_parameters:]
-    if direction is not None:
-        direction = np.asarray(direction)
-        ok_idx = direction > 0
-        if ok_idx.sum() == 0:
-            raise ValueError(f"Got invalid direction {direction}")
-        zero_idx = None if np.all(ok_idx) else direction == 0
-    else:
-        direction = np.asarray([1], dtype=int)
-        ok_idx = slice(None)
-        zero_idx = None
-    xa = np.max(
-        (x[:, ok_idx] - basepoint[ok_idx]) / direction[ok_idx], axis=1, keepdims=1
-    )
-    ya = np.min(
-        (y[:, ok_idx] - basepoint[ok_idx]) / direction[ok_idx], axis=1, keepdims=1
-    )
-    if zero_idx is not None:
-        xb = np.where(x[:, zero_idx] <= basepoint[zero_idx], -np.inf, np.inf)
-        yb = np.where(y[:, zero_idx] <= basepoint[zero_idx], -np.inf, np.inf)
-        xs = np.max(np.concatenate([xa, xb], axis=1), axis=1, keepdims=1)
-        ys = np.min(np.concatenate([ya, yb], axis=1), axis=1, keepdims=1)
-    else:
-        xs = xa
-        ys = ya
-    out = np.concatenate([xs, ys], axis=1,dtype=np.float64)
-
-    ## TODO: check if this is faster than doing a np.repeat on x ?
-    cdef dict[dict,tuple] d = {}
-    cdef double[:,:] c_out = out # view
-    cdef int64_t[:] c_w = np.asarray(w,dtype=np.int64)
-    cdef int num_pts = out.shape[0]
-    # for i, stuff in enumerate(out):
-    #     if stuff[0] < np.inf:
-    #         d[tuple(stuff)] = d.get(tuple(stuff), 0) + w[i]
-    for i in range(num_pts):
-        if c_out[i][0] < np.inf:
-            machin = tuple(c_out[i])
-            d[machin] = d.get(machin, 0) + c_w[i]
-
-    out = np.fromiter(
-        itertools.chain.from_iterable(([x] * w for x, w in d.items() if x[0] < x[1])),
-        dtype=np.dtype((np.float64, 2)),
-    )
-    if full:
-        out = basepoint[None, None] + out[..., None] * direction[None, None]
-    return out
-
-
-def estimate_rank_from_rank_sm(sm:tuple, a, b) -> int:
-    """
-    Given a rank signed measure (sm) and two points (a) and (b),
-    estimates the rank between these two points.
-    """
-    a = np.asarray(a)
-    b = np.asarray(b)
-    if not (a <= b).all():
-        return 0
-    x, w = sm
-    num_parameters = x.shape[1] // 2
-    assert (
-        a.shape[0] == b.shape[0] == num_parameters
-    ), f"Incoherent number of parameters. sm:{num_parameters} vs {a.shape[0]} and {b.shape[0]}"
-    idx = (
-        (x[:, :num_parameters] <= a[None]).all(1)
-        * (x[:, num_parameters:] >= b[None]).all(1)
-    ).ravel()
-    return w[idx].sum()
-
-
+# cimport multipers.tensor as mt
+from libc.stdint cimport intptr_t, uint16_t, uint32_t, int32_t, int64_t
+from libcpp.vector cimport vector
+from libcpp cimport bool, int, float
+import numpy as np
+cimport numpy as cnp
+import itertools
+from typing import Optional,Iterable
+
+from collections import defaultdict
+cnp.import_array()
+from scipy import sparse
+
+
+import multipers.grids as mpg
+
+ctypedef fused some_int:
+    int32_t
+    int64_t
+    int
+
+ctypedef fused some_float:
+    int32_t
+    int64_t
+    int
+    float
+    double
+
+
+import cython
+cimport cython
+
+
+
+# from scipy.sparse import coo_array
+# from scipy.ndimage import convolve1d
+
+def signed_betti(hilbert_function:np.ndarray, bool threshold=False):
+    cdef int n = hilbert_function.ndim
+    # zero out the "end" of the Hilbert function
+    if threshold:
+        for dimension in range(n):
+            slicer = tuple([slice(None) if i != dimension else -1 for i in range(n)])
+            hilbert_function[slicer] = 0
+    for i in range(n):
+        minus = tuple([slice(None) if j!=i else slice(0,-1) for j in range(n)])
+        plus = tuple([slice(None) if j!=i else slice(1,None) for j in range(n)])
+        hilbert_function[plus] -= hilbert_function[minus]
+    return hilbert_function
+
+def rank_decomposition_by_rectangles(rank_invariant:np.ndarray, bool threshold=False):
+    # takes as input the rank invariant of an n-parameter persistence module
+    #   M  :  [0, ..., s_1 - 1] x ... x [0, ..., s_n - 1]  --->  Vec
+    # on a grid with dimensions of sizes s_1, ..., s_n. The input is assumed to be
+    # given as a tensor of dimensions (s_1, ..., s_n, s_1, ..., s_n), so that,
+    # at index [i_1, ..., i_n, j_1, ..., j_n] we have the rank of the structure
+    # map M(i) -> M(j), where i = (i_1, ..., i_n) and j = (j_1, ..., j_n), and
+    # i <= j, meaning that i_1 <= j_1, ..., i_n <= j_n.
+    # NOTE :
+    #   - About the input, we assume that, if not( i <= j ), then at index
+    #     [i_1, ..., i_n, j_1, ..., j_n] we have a zero.
+    #   - Similarly, the output at index [i_1, ..., i_n, j_1, ..., j_n] only
+    #     makes sense when i <= j. For indices where not( i <= j ) the output
+    #     may take arbitrary values and they should be ignored.
+    cdef int n = rank_invariant.ndim // 2
+    if threshold:
+        # zero out the "end"
+        for dimension in range(n):
+            slicer = tuple(
+                [slice(None) for _ in range(n)]
+                + [slice(None) if i != dimension else -1 for i in range(n)]
+            )
+            rank_invariant[slicer] = 0
+    to_flip = tuple(range(n, 2 * n))
+    return np.flip(signed_betti(np.flip(rank_invariant, to_flip)), to_flip)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+@cython.boundscheck(False)
+@cython.wraparound(False)
+def integrate_measure(
+        some_float[:,:] pts, 
+        some_int[:] weights, 
+        filtration_grid:Optional[Iterable[np.ndarray]]=None,
+        grid_strategy:str="regular",
+        resolution:int|list[int]=100,
+        bool return_grid=False,
+        **get_fitration_kwargs,
+        ):
+    """
+    Integrate a point measure on a grid.
+    Measure is a sum of diracs, based on points `pts` and weights `weights`.
+    For instance, if the signed measure comes from the hilbert signed measure,
+    this integration will return the hilbert function on this grid.
+     - pts : array of points (num_pts, D)
+     - weights : array of weights (num_pts,)
+     - filtration_grid (optional) : list of 1d arrays
+     - resolution : int or list of int
+     - return_grid : return the grid of the measure
+     - **get_fitration_kwargs : arguments to compute the grid,
+        if the grid is not given.
+    """
+    if filtration_grid is None:
+        import multipers.simplex_tree_multi
+        filtration_grid = mpg.compute_grid(
+                np.asarray(pts).T,
+                strategy=grid_strategy,
+                resolution=resolution,
+                **get_fitration_kwargs
+                )
+    resolution = np.asarray([len(f) for f in filtration_grid])
+    cdef int num_pts = pts.shape[0]
+    cdef int num_parameters = pts.shape[1]
+    assert weights.shape[0] == num_pts
+    out = np.zeros(shape=resolution, dtype=np.int32) ## dim cannot be known at compiletime
+    # cdef some_float[:] filtration_of_parameter
+    # cdef cnp.ndarray indices = np.zeros(shape=num_parameters, dtype=int)
+    #
+    pts_coords = np.empty((num_parameters, num_pts), dtype=np.int64)
+    for parameter in range(num_parameters):
+        pts_coords[parameter] = np.searchsorted(filtration_grid[parameter], pts[:,parameter]) 
+    for i in range(num_pts): 
+        cone = tuple(slice(c,r) for r,c in zip(resolution,pts_coords[:,i]))
+        out[cone] += weights[i] 
+    if return_grid:
+        return out,filtration_grid
+    return out
+
+## for benchmark purposes
+def integrate_measure_python(pts, weights, filtrations):
+    resolution = tuple([len(f) for f in filtrations])
+    out = np.zeros(shape=resolution, dtype=pts.dtype)
+    num_pts = pts.shape[0]
+    num_parameters = pts.shape[1]
+    for i in range(num_pts): #this is slow.
+        indices = (filtrations[parameter]>=pts[i][parameter] for parameter in range(num_parameters))
+        out[np.ix_(*indices)] += weights[i]
+    return out
+
+
+@cython.boundscheck(False)
+@cython.wraparound(False)
+def sparsify(x):
+    """
+    Given an arbitrary dimensional numpy array, returns (coordinates,data).
+    --
+    cost : scipy sparse + num_points*num_parameters^2 divisions
+    """
+    num_parameters = x.ndim
+    sx = sparse.coo_array(x.ravel())
+    idx = sx.col
+    data = sx.data
+    coords = np.empty((data.shape[0], num_parameters), dtype=np.int64)
+    for parameter in range(num_parameters-1,-1,-1):
+        idx,coord_of_parameter = np.divmod(idx, x.shape[parameter])
+        coords[:, parameter] = coord_of_parameter
+    return coords,data
+
+
+
+
+@cython.boundscheck(False)
+@cython.wraparound(False)
+def clean_signed_measure(some_float[:,:] pts, some_int[:] weights, dtype = np.float32):
+    """
+    Sum the diracs at the same locations. i.e.,
+    returns the minimal sized measure to represent the input.
+    Mostly useful for, e.g., euler_characteristic from simplical complexes.
+    """
+    cdef dict[tuple, int] out = {}
+    cdef int num_diracs
+    cdef int num_parameters
+    num_diracs, num_parameters = pts.shape[:2]
+    for i in range(num_diracs):
+        key = tuple(pts[i]) # size cannot be known at compiletime
+        out[key] = out.get(key,0)+ weights[i]
+    num_keys = len(out)
+    new_pts = np.fromiter(out.keys(), dtype=np.dtype((dtype,num_parameters)), count=num_keys) 
+    new_weights = np.fromiter(out.values(), dtype=np.int32, count=num_keys)
+    idx = np.nonzero(new_weights)
+    new_pts = new_pts[idx]
+    new_weights = new_weights[idx]
+    return (new_pts, new_weights)
+
+def clean_sms(sms):
+    """
+    Sum the diracs at the same locations. i.e.,
+    returns the minimal sized measure to represent the input.
+    Mostly useful for, e.g., euler_characteristic from simplical complexes.
+    """
+    return tuple(clean_signed_measure(pts,weights) for pts,weights in sms)
+
+def zero_out_sm(pts,weights, mass_default):
+    """
+    Zeros out the modules outside of \f$ \{ x\in \mathbb R^n \mid x \le \mathrm{mass_default}\}\f$.
+    """
+    from itertools import product
+    # merge pts, weights
+    PTS = np.concatenate([pts,weights[:,None]], axis=1)[None]
+    
+    num_diracs, num_parameters=pts.shape
+    
+    # corners of the square of dim num_parameters. shape : (num_corners,num_parameters)
+    C = np.fromiter(product(*([[1,0]]*num_parameters)), dtype=np.dtype((np.bool_, num_parameters)),)
+    Cw = 1-2*((~C).sum(axis=1)%2)
+    # add 1 in the end to copy the shape 
+    C = np.concatenate([C, np.ones((C.shape[0],1))], axis=1).astype(np.bool_)
+    
+    # signs of each corner
+    Cw = 1-2*((~C).sum(axis=1)%2)
+
+    # something useless in the end to ensure that the shape is correct (as we added 1 in pts)
+    mass_default = np.concatenate([mass_default,[np.nan]]) 
+    mass_default = mass_default[None,None,:] ## num c, num_pts, num_params
+    # each point `pt` becomes a corner of the square [`pt`, `mass_default`]
+    new= np.where(C[:,None,:], PTS,mass_default).reshape(-1,(num_parameters+1))
+    new_pts = new[:,:-1]
+    new_masses = new[:,-1]*np.repeat(Cw,num_diracs)
+    ## a bunch of stuff are in the same place, better clean it
+    return clean_signed_measure(new_pts.astype(np.float64), new_masses.astype(np.int64), dtype=np.float64)
+ 
+def zero_out_sms(sms, mass_default):
+    """
+    Zeros out the modules outside of \f$ \{ x\in \mathbb R^n \mid x \le \mathrm{mass_default}\}\f$.
+    """
+    return tuple(zero_out_sm(pts,weights, mass_default) for pts,weights in sms)
+
+@cython.boundscheck(False)
+@cython.wraparound(False)
+def barcode_from_rank_sm(
+    sm: tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray],
+    basepoint: np.ndarray,
+    direction: Optional[np.ndarray] = None,
+    bool full = False,
+):
+    """
+    Given a rank signed measure `sm` and a line with basepoint `basepoint` (1darray) and
+    direction `direction` (1darray), projects the rank signed measure on the given line,
+    and returns the associated estimated barcode.
+    If full is True, the barcode is given as coordinates in R^{`num_parameters`} instead
+    of coordinates w.r.t. the line.
+    """
+    basepoint = np.asarray(basepoint)
+    num_parameters = basepoint.shape[0]
+    x, w = sm
+    assert (
+        x.shape[1] // 2 == num_parameters
+    ), f"Incoherent number of parameters. sm:{x.shape[1]//2} vs {num_parameters}"
+    x, y = x[:, :num_parameters], x[:, num_parameters:]
+    if direction is not None:
+        direction = np.asarray(direction)
+        ok_idx = direction > 0
+        if ok_idx.sum() == 0:
+            raise ValueError(f"Got invalid direction {direction}")
+        zero_idx = None if np.all(ok_idx) else direction == 0
+    else:
+        direction = np.asarray([1], dtype=int)
+        ok_idx = slice(None)
+        zero_idx = None
+    xa = np.max(
+        (x[:, ok_idx] - basepoint[ok_idx]) / direction[ok_idx], axis=1, keepdims=1
+    )
+    ya = np.min(
+        (y[:, ok_idx] - basepoint[ok_idx]) / direction[ok_idx], axis=1, keepdims=1
+    )
+    if zero_idx is not None:
+        xb = np.where(x[:, zero_idx] <= basepoint[zero_idx], -np.inf, np.inf)
+        yb = np.where(y[:, zero_idx] <= basepoint[zero_idx], -np.inf, np.inf)
+        xs = np.max(np.concatenate([xa, xb], axis=1), axis=1, keepdims=1)
+        ys = np.min(np.concatenate([ya, yb], axis=1), axis=1, keepdims=1)
+    else:
+        xs = xa
+        ys = ya
+    out = np.concatenate([xs, ys], axis=1,dtype=np.float64)
+
+    ## TODO: check if this is faster than doing a np.repeat on x ?
+    cdef dict[dict,tuple] d = {}
+    cdef double[:,:] c_out = out # view
+    cdef int64_t[:] c_w = np.asarray(w,dtype=np.int64)
+    cdef int num_pts = out.shape[0]
+    # for i, stuff in enumerate(out):
+    #     if stuff[0] < np.inf:
+    #         d[tuple(stuff)] = d.get(tuple(stuff), 0) + w[i]
+    for i in range(num_pts):
+        if c_out[i][0] < np.inf:
+            machin = tuple(c_out[i])
+            d[machin] = d.get(machin, 0) + c_w[i]
+
+    out = np.fromiter(
+        itertools.chain.from_iterable(([x] * w for x, w in d.items() if x[0] < x[1])),
+        dtype=np.dtype((np.float64, 2)),
+    )
+    if full:
+        out = basepoint[None, None] + out[..., None] * direction[None, None]
+    return out
+
+
+def estimate_rank_from_rank_sm(sm:tuple, a, b) -> int:
+    """
+    Given a rank signed measure (sm) and two points (a) and (b),
+    estimates the rank between these two points.
+    """
+    a = np.asarray(a)
+    b = np.asarray(b)
+    if not (a <= b).all():
+        return 0
+    x, w = sm
+    num_parameters = x.shape[1] // 2
+    assert (
+        a.shape[0] == b.shape[0] == num_parameters
+    ), f"Incoherent number of parameters. sm:{num_parameters} vs {a.shape[0]} and {b.shape[0]}"
+    idx = (
+        (x[:, :num_parameters] <= a[None]).all(1)
+        * (x[:, num_parameters:] >= b[None]).all(1)
+    ).ravel()
+    return w[idx].sum()
+
+