fonttools 4.60.2__cp311-cp311-win32.whl

fontTools/cffLib/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3694 @@
+"""cffLib: read/write Adobe CFF fonts
+
+OpenType fonts with PostScript outlines embed a completely independent
+font file in Adobe's *Compact Font Format*. So dealing with OpenType fonts
+requires also dealing with CFF. This module allows you to read and write
+fonts written in the CFF format.
+
+In 2016, OpenType 1.8 introduced the `CFF2 <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/opentype/spec/cff2>`_
+format which, along with other changes, extended the CFF format to deal with
+the demands of variable fonts. This module parses both original CFF and CFF2.
+
+"""
+
+from fontTools.misc import sstruct
+from fontTools.misc import psCharStrings
+from fontTools.misc.arrayTools import unionRect, intRect
+from fontTools.misc.textTools import (
+    bytechr,
+    byteord,
+    bytesjoin,
+    tobytes,
+    tostr,
+    safeEval,
+)
+from fontTools.ttLib import TTFont
+from fontTools.ttLib.tables.otBase import OTTableWriter
+from fontTools.ttLib.tables.otBase import OTTableReader
+from fontTools.ttLib.tables import otTables as ot
+from io import BytesIO
+import struct
+import logging
+import re
+
+# mute cffLib debug messages when running ttx in verbose mode
+DEBUG = logging.DEBUG - 1
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+cffHeaderFormat = """
+	major:   B
+	minor:   B
+	hdrSize: B
+"""
+
+maxStackLimit = 513
+# maxstack operator has been deprecated. max stack is now always 513.
+
+
+class CFFFontSet(object):
+    """A CFF font "file" can contain more than one font, although this is
+    extremely rare (and not allowed within OpenType fonts).
+
+    This class is the entry point for parsing a CFF table. To actually
+    manipulate the data inside the CFF font, you will want to access the
+    ``CFFFontSet``'s :class:`TopDict` object. To do this, a ``CFFFontSet``
+    object can either be treated as a dictionary (with appropriate
+    ``keys()`` and ``values()`` methods) mapping font names to :class:`TopDict`
+    objects, or as a list.
+
+    .. code:: python
+
+            from fontTools import ttLib
+            tt = ttLib.TTFont("Tests/cffLib/data/LinLibertine_RBI.otf")
+            tt["CFF "].cff
+            # <fontTools.cffLib.CFFFontSet object at 0x101e24c90>
+            tt["CFF "].cff[0] # Here's your actual font data
+            # <fontTools.cffLib.TopDict object at 0x1020f1fd0>
+
+    """
+
+    def decompile(self, file, otFont, isCFF2=None):
+        """Parse a binary CFF file into an internal representation. ``file``
+        should be a file handle object. ``otFont`` is the top-level
+        :py:class:`fontTools.ttLib.ttFont.TTFont` object containing this CFF file.
+
+        If ``isCFF2`` is passed and set to ``True`` or ``False``, then the
+        library makes an assertion that the CFF header is of the appropriate
+        version.
+        """
+
+        self.otFont = otFont
+        sstruct.unpack(cffHeaderFormat, file.read(3), self)
+        if isCFF2 is not None:
+            # called from ttLib: assert 'major' as read from file matches the
+            # expected version
+            expected_major = 2 if isCFF2 else 1
+            if self.major != expected_major:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Invalid CFF 'major' version: expected %d, found %d"
+                    % (expected_major, self.major)
+                )
+        else:
+            # use 'major' version from file to determine if isCFF2
+            assert self.major in (1, 2), "Unknown CFF format"
+            isCFF2 = self.major == 2
+        if not isCFF2:
+            self.offSize = struct.unpack("B", file.read(1))[0]
+            file.seek(self.hdrSize)
+            self.fontNames = list(tostr(s) for s in Index(file, isCFF2=isCFF2))
+            self.topDictIndex = TopDictIndex(file, isCFF2=isCFF2)
+            self.strings = IndexedStrings(file)
+        else:  # isCFF2
+            self.topDictSize = struct.unpack(">H", file.read(2))[0]
+            file.seek(self.hdrSize)
+            self.fontNames = ["CFF2Font"]
+            cff2GetGlyphOrder = otFont.getGlyphOrder
+            # in CFF2, offsetSize is the size of the TopDict data.
+            self.topDictIndex = TopDictIndex(
+                file, cff2GetGlyphOrder, self.topDictSize, isCFF2=isCFF2
+            )
+            self.strings = None
+        self.GlobalSubrs = GlobalSubrsIndex(file, isCFF2=isCFF2)
+        self.topDictIndex.strings = self.strings
+        self.topDictIndex.GlobalSubrs = self.GlobalSubrs
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self.fontNames)
+
+    def keys(self):
+        return list(self.fontNames)
+
+    def values(self):
+        return self.topDictIndex
+
+    def __getitem__(self, nameOrIndex):
+        """Return TopDict instance identified by name (str) or index (int
+        or any object that implements `__index__`).
+        """
+        if hasattr(nameOrIndex, "__index__"):
+            index = nameOrIndex.__index__()
+        elif isinstance(nameOrIndex, str):
+            name = nameOrIndex
+            try:
+                index = self.fontNames.index(name)
+            except ValueError:
+                raise KeyError(nameOrIndex)
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(nameOrIndex)
+        return self.topDictIndex[index]
+
+    def compile(self, file, otFont, isCFF2=None):
+        """Write the object back into binary representation onto the given file.
+        ``file`` should be a file handle object. ``otFont`` is the top-level
+        :py:class:`fontTools.ttLib.ttFont.TTFont` object containing this CFF file.
+
+        If ``isCFF2`` is passed and set to ``True`` or ``False``, then the
+        library makes an assertion that the CFF header is of the appropriate
+        version.
+        """
+        self.otFont = otFont
+        if isCFF2 is not None:
+            # called from ttLib: assert 'major' value matches expected version
+            expected_major = 2 if isCFF2 else 1
+            if self.major != expected_major:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Invalid CFF 'major' version: expected %d, found %d"
+                    % (expected_major, self.major)
+                )
+        else:
+            # use current 'major' value to determine output format
+            assert self.major in (1, 2), "Unknown CFF format"
+            isCFF2 = self.major == 2
+
+        if otFont.recalcBBoxes and not isCFF2:
+            for topDict in self.topDictIndex:
+                topDict.recalcFontBBox()
+
+        if not isCFF2:
+            strings = IndexedStrings()
+        else:
+            strings = None
+        writer = CFFWriter(isCFF2)
+        topCompiler = self.topDictIndex.getCompiler(strings, self, isCFF2=isCFF2)
+        if isCFF2:
+            self.hdrSize = 5
+            writer.add(sstruct.pack(cffHeaderFormat, self))
+            # Note: topDictSize will most likely change in CFFWriter.toFile().
+            self.topDictSize = topCompiler.getDataLength()
+            writer.add(struct.pack(">H", self.topDictSize))
+        else:
+            self.hdrSize = 4
+            self.offSize = 4  # will most likely change in CFFWriter.toFile().
+            writer.add(sstruct.pack(cffHeaderFormat, self))
+            writer.add(struct.pack("B", self.offSize))
+        if not isCFF2:
+            fontNames = Index()
+            for name in self.fontNames:
+                fontNames.append(name)
+            writer.add(fontNames.getCompiler(strings, self, isCFF2=isCFF2))
+        writer.add(topCompiler)
+        if not isCFF2:
+            writer.add(strings.getCompiler())
+        writer.add(self.GlobalSubrs.getCompiler(strings, self, isCFF2=isCFF2))
+
+        for topDict in self.topDictIndex:
+            if not hasattr(topDict, "charset") or topDict.charset is None:
+                charset = otFont.getGlyphOrder()
+                topDict.charset = charset
+        children = topCompiler.getChildren(strings)
+        for child in children:
+            writer.add(child)
+
+        writer.toFile(file)
+
+    def toXML(self, xmlWriter):
+        """Write the object into XML representation onto the given
+        :class:`fontTools.misc.xmlWriter.XMLWriter`.
+
+        .. code:: python
+
+                writer = xmlWriter.XMLWriter(sys.stdout)
+                tt["CFF "].cff.toXML(writer)
+
+        """
+
+        xmlWriter.simpletag("major", value=self.major)
+        xmlWriter.newline()
+        xmlWriter.simpletag("minor", value=self.minor)
+        xmlWriter.newline()
+        for fontName in self.fontNames:
+            xmlWriter.begintag("CFFFont", name=tostr(fontName))
+            xmlWriter.newline()
+            font = self[fontName]
+            font.toXML(xmlWriter)
+            xmlWriter.endtag("CFFFont")
+            xmlWriter.newline()
+        xmlWriter.newline()
+        xmlWriter.begintag("GlobalSubrs")
+        xmlWriter.newline()
+        self.GlobalSubrs.toXML(xmlWriter)
+        xmlWriter.endtag("GlobalSubrs")
+        xmlWriter.newline()
+
+    def fromXML(self, name, attrs, content, otFont=None):
+        """Reads data from the XML element into the ``CFFFontSet`` object."""
+        self.otFont = otFont
+
+        # set defaults. These will be replaced if there are entries for them
+        # in the XML file.
+        if not hasattr(self, "major"):
+            self.major = 1
+        if not hasattr(self, "minor"):
+            self.minor = 0
+
+        if name == "CFFFont":
+            if self.major == 1:
+                if not hasattr(self, "offSize"):
+                    # this will be recalculated when the cff is compiled.
+                    self.offSize = 4
+                if not hasattr(self, "hdrSize"):
+                    self.hdrSize = 4
+                if not hasattr(self, "GlobalSubrs"):
+                    self.GlobalSubrs = GlobalSubrsIndex()
+                if not hasattr(self, "fontNames"):
+                    self.fontNames = []
+                    self.topDictIndex = TopDictIndex()
+                fontName = attrs["name"]
+                self.fontNames.append(fontName)
+                topDict = TopDict(GlobalSubrs=self.GlobalSubrs)
+                topDict.charset = None  # gets filled in later
+            elif self.major == 2:
+                if not hasattr(self, "hdrSize"):
+                    self.hdrSize = 5
+                if not hasattr(self, "GlobalSubrs"):
+                    self.GlobalSubrs = GlobalSubrsIndex()
+                if not hasattr(self, "fontNames"):
+                    self.fontNames = ["CFF2Font"]
+                cff2GetGlyphOrder = self.otFont.getGlyphOrder
+                topDict = TopDict(
+                    GlobalSubrs=self.GlobalSubrs, cff2GetGlyphOrder=cff2GetGlyphOrder
+                )
+                self.topDictIndex = TopDictIndex(None, cff2GetGlyphOrder)
+            self.topDictIndex.append(topDict)
+            for element in content:
+                if isinstance(element, str):
+                    continue
+                name, attrs, content = element
+                topDict.fromXML(name, attrs, content)
+
+            if hasattr(topDict, "VarStore") and topDict.FDArray[0].vstore is None:
+                fdArray = topDict.FDArray
+                for fontDict in fdArray:
+                    if hasattr(fontDict, "Private"):
+                        fontDict.Private.vstore = topDict.VarStore
+
+        elif name == "GlobalSubrs":
+            subrCharStringClass = psCharStrings.T2CharString
+            if not hasattr(self, "GlobalSubrs"):
+                self.GlobalSubrs = GlobalSubrsIndex()
+            for element in content:
+                if isinstance(element, str):
+                    continue
+                name, attrs, content = element
+                subr = subrCharStringClass()
+                subr.fromXML(name, attrs, content)
+                self.GlobalSubrs.append(subr)
+        elif name == "major":
+            self.major = int(attrs["value"])
+        elif name == "minor":
+            self.minor = int(attrs["value"])
+
+    def convertCFFToCFF2(self, otFont):
+        from .CFFToCFF2 import _convertCFFToCFF2
+
+        _convertCFFToCFF2(self, otFont)
+
+    def convertCFF2ToCFF(self, otFont):
+        from .CFF2ToCFF import _convertCFF2ToCFF
+
+        _convertCFF2ToCFF(self, otFont)
+
+    def desubroutinize(self):
+        from .transforms import desubroutinize
+
+        desubroutinize(self)
+
+    def remove_hints(self):
+        from .transforms import remove_hints
+
+        remove_hints(self)
+
+    def remove_unused_subroutines(self):
+        from .transforms import remove_unused_subroutines
+
+        remove_unused_subroutines(self)
+
+
+class CFFWriter(object):
+    """Helper class for serializing CFF data to binary. Used by
+    :meth:`CFFFontSet.compile`."""
+
+    def __init__(self, isCFF2):
+        self.data = []
+        self.isCFF2 = isCFF2
+
+    def add(self, table):
+        self.data.append(table)
+
+    def toFile(self, file):
+        lastPosList = None
+        count = 1
+        while True:
+            log.log(DEBUG, "CFFWriter.toFile() iteration: %d", count)
+            count = count + 1
+            pos = 0
+            posList = [pos]
+            for item in self.data:
+                if hasattr(item, "getDataLength"):
+                    endPos = pos + item.getDataLength()
+                    if isinstance(item, TopDictIndexCompiler) and item.isCFF2:
+                        self.topDictSize = item.getDataLength()
+                else:
+                    endPos = pos + len(item)
+                if hasattr(item, "setPos"):
+                    item.setPos(pos, endPos)
+                pos = endPos
+                posList.append(pos)
+            if posList == lastPosList:
+                break
+            lastPosList = posList
+        log.log(DEBUG, "CFFWriter.toFile() writing to file.")
+        begin = file.tell()
+        if self.isCFF2:
+            self.data[1] = struct.pack(">H", self.topDictSize)
+        else:
+            self.offSize = calcOffSize(lastPosList[-1])
+            self.data[1] = struct.pack("B", self.offSize)
+        posList = [0]
+        for item in self.data:
+            if hasattr(item, "toFile"):
+                item.toFile(file)
+            else:
+                file.write(item)
+            posList.append(file.tell() - begin)
+        assert posList == lastPosList
+
+
+def calcOffSize(largestOffset):
+    if largestOffset < 0x100:
+        offSize = 1
+    elif largestOffset < 0x10000:
+        offSize = 2
+    elif largestOffset < 0x1000000:
+        offSize = 3
+    else:
+        offSize = 4
+    return offSize
+
+
+class IndexCompiler(object):
+    """Base class for writing CFF `INDEX data <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/opentype/spec/cff2#5-index-data>`_
+    to binary."""
+
+    def __init__(self, items, strings, parent, isCFF2=None):
+        if isCFF2 is None and hasattr(parent, "isCFF2"):
+            isCFF2 = parent.isCFF2
+            assert isCFF2 is not None
+        self.isCFF2 = isCFF2
+        self.items = self.getItems(items, strings)
+        self.parent = parent
+
+    def getItems(self, items, strings):
+        return items
+
+    def getOffsets(self):
+        # An empty INDEX contains only the count field.
+        if self.items:
+            pos = 1
+            offsets = [pos]
+            for item in self.items:
+                if hasattr(item, "getDataLength"):
+                    pos = pos + item.getDataLength()
+                else:
+                    pos = pos + len(item)
+                offsets.append(pos)
+        else:
+            offsets = []
+        return offsets
+
+    def getDataLength(self):
+        if self.isCFF2:
+            countSize = 4
+        else:
+            countSize = 2
+
+        if self.items:
+            lastOffset = self.getOffsets()[-1]
+            offSize = calcOffSize(lastOffset)
+            dataLength = (
+                countSize
+                + 1  # count
+                + (len(self.items) + 1) * offSize  # offSize
+                + lastOffset  # the offsets
+                - 1  # size of object data
+            )
+        else:
+            # count. For empty INDEX tables, this is the only entry.
+            dataLength = countSize
+
+        return dataLength
+
+    def toFile(self, file):
+        offsets = self.getOffsets()
+        if self.isCFF2:
+            writeCard32(file, len(self.items))
+        else:
+            writeCard16(file, len(self.items))
+        # An empty INDEX contains only the count field.
+        if self.items:
+            offSize = calcOffSize(offsets[-1])
+            writeCard8(file, offSize)
+            offSize = -offSize
+            pack = struct.pack
+            for offset in offsets:
+                binOffset = pack(">l", offset)[offSize:]
+                assert len(binOffset) == -offSize
+                file.write(binOffset)
+            for item in self.items:
+                if hasattr(item, "toFile"):
+                    item.toFile(file)
+                else:
+                    data = tobytes(item, encoding="latin1")
+                    file.write(data)
+
+
+class IndexedStringsCompiler(IndexCompiler):
+    def getItems(self, items, strings):
+        return items.strings
+
+
+class TopDictIndexCompiler(IndexCompiler):
+    """Helper class for writing the TopDict to binary."""
+
+    def getItems(self, items, strings):
+        out = []
+        for item in items:
+            out.append(item.getCompiler(strings, self))
+        return out
+
+    def getChildren(self, strings):
+        children = []
+        for topDict in self.items:
+            children.extend(topDict.getChildren(strings))
+        return children
+
+    def getOffsets(self):
+        if self.isCFF2:
+            offsets = [0, self.items[0].getDataLength()]
+            return offsets
+        else:
+            return super(TopDictIndexCompiler, self).getOffsets()
+
+    def getDataLength(self):
+        if self.isCFF2:
+            dataLength = self.items[0].getDataLength()
+            return dataLength
+        else:
+            return super(TopDictIndexCompiler, self).getDataLength()
+
+    def toFile(self, file):
+        if self.isCFF2:
+            self.items[0].toFile(file)
+        else:
+            super(TopDictIndexCompiler, self).toFile(file)
+
+
+class FDArrayIndexCompiler(IndexCompiler):
+    """Helper class for writing the
+    `Font DICT INDEX <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/opentype/spec/cff2#10-font-dict-index-font-dicts-and-fdselect>`_
+    to binary."""
+
+    def getItems(self, items, strings):
+        out = []
+        for item in items:
+            out.append(item.getCompiler(strings, self))
+        return out
+
+    def getChildren(self, strings):
+        children = []
+        for fontDict in self.items:
+            children.extend(fontDict.getChildren(strings))
+        return children
+
+    def toFile(self, file):
+        offsets = self.getOffsets()
+        if self.isCFF2:
+            writeCard32(file, len(self.items))
+        else:
+            writeCard16(file, len(self.items))
+        offSize = calcOffSize(offsets[-1])
+        writeCard8(file, offSize)
+        offSize = -offSize
+        pack = struct.pack
+        for offset in offsets:
+            binOffset = pack(">l", offset)[offSize:]
+            assert len(binOffset) == -offSize
+            file.write(binOffset)
+        for item in self.items:
+            if hasattr(item, "toFile"):
+                item.toFile(file)
+            else:
+                file.write(item)
+
+    def setPos(self, pos, endPos):
+        self.parent.rawDict["FDArray"] = pos
+
+
+class GlobalSubrsCompiler(IndexCompiler):
+    """Helper class for writing the `global subroutine INDEX <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/opentype/spec/cff2#9-local-and-global-subr-indexes>`_
+    to binary."""
+
+    def getItems(self, items, strings):
+        out = []
+        for cs in items:
+            cs.compile(self.isCFF2)
+            out.append(cs.bytecode)
+        return out
+
+
+class SubrsCompiler(GlobalSubrsCompiler):
+    """Helper class for writing the `local subroutine INDEX <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/opentype/spec/cff2#9-local-and-global-subr-indexes>`_
+    to binary."""
+
+    def setPos(self, pos, endPos):
+        offset = pos - self.parent.pos
+        self.parent.rawDict["Subrs"] = offset
+
+
+class CharStringsCompiler(GlobalSubrsCompiler):
+    """Helper class for writing the `CharStrings INDEX <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/opentype/spec/cff2#9-local-and-global-subr-indexes>`_
+    to binary."""
+
+    def getItems(self, items, strings):
+        out = []
+        for cs in items:
+            cs.compile(self.isCFF2)
+            out.append(cs.bytecode)
+        return out
+
+    def setPos(self, pos, endPos):
+        self.parent.rawDict["CharStrings"] = pos
+
+
+class Index(object):
+    """This class represents what the CFF spec calls an INDEX (an array of
+    variable-sized objects). `Index` items can be addressed and set using
+    Python list indexing."""
+
+    compilerClass = IndexCompiler
+
+    def __init__(self, file=None, isCFF2=None):
+        self.items = []
+        self.offsets = offsets = []
+        name = self.__class__.__name__
+        if file is None:
+            return
+        self._isCFF2 = isCFF2
+        log.log(DEBUG, "loading %s at %s", name, file.tell())
+        self.file = file
+        if isCFF2:
+            count = readCard32(file)
+        else:
+            count = readCard16(file)
+        if count == 0:
+            return
+        self.items = [None] * count
+        offSize = readCard8(file)
+        log.log(DEBUG, "    index count: %s offSize: %s", count, offSize)
+        assert offSize <= 4, "offSize too large: %s" % offSize
+        pad = b"\0" * (4 - offSize)
+        for index in range(count + 1):
+            chunk = file.read(offSize)
+            chunk = pad + chunk
+            (offset,) = struct.unpack(">L", chunk)
+            offsets.append(int(offset))
+        self.offsetBase = file.tell() - 1
+        file.seek(self.offsetBase + offsets[-1])  # pretend we've read the whole lot
+        log.log(DEBUG, "    end of %s at %s", name, file.tell())
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self.items)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, index):
+        item = self.items[index]
+        if item is not None:
+            return item
+        offset = self.offsets[index] + self.offsetBase
+        size = self.offsets[index + 1] - self.offsets[index]
+        file = self.file
+        file.seek(offset)
+        data = file.read(size)
+        assert len(data) == size
+        item = self.produceItem(index, data, file, offset)
+        self.items[index] = item
+        return item
+
+    def __setitem__(self, index, item):
+        self.items[index] = item
+
+    def produceItem(self, index, data, file, offset):
+        return data
+
+    def append(self, item):
+        """Add an item to an INDEX."""
+        self.items.append(item)
+
+    def getCompiler(self, strings, parent, isCFF2=None):
+        return self.compilerClass(self, strings, parent, isCFF2=isCFF2)
+
+    def clear(self):
+        """Empty the INDEX."""
+        del self.items[:]
+
+
+class GlobalSubrsIndex(Index):
+    """This index contains all the global subroutines in the font. A global
+    subroutine is a set of ``CharString`` data which is accessible to any
+    glyph in the font, and are used to store repeated instructions - for
+    example, components may be encoded as global subroutines, but so could
+    hinting instructions.
+
+    Remember that when interpreting a ``callgsubr`` instruction (or indeed
+    a ``callsubr`` instruction) that you will need to add the "subroutine
+    number bias" to number given:
+
+    .. code:: python
+
+            tt = ttLib.TTFont("Almendra-Bold.otf")
+            u = tt["CFF "].cff[0].CharStrings["udieresis"]
+            u.decompile()
+
+            u.toXML(XMLWriter(sys.stdout))
+            # <some stuff>
+            # -64 callgsubr <-- Subroutine which implements the dieresis mark
+            # <other stuff>
+
+            tt["CFF "].cff[0].GlobalSubrs[-64] # <-- WRONG
+            # <T2CharString (bytecode) at 103451d10>
+
+            tt["CFF "].cff[0].GlobalSubrs[-64 + 107] # <-- RIGHT
+            # <T2CharString (source) at 103451390>
+
+    ("The bias applied depends on the number of subrs (gsubrs). If the number of
+    subrs (gsubrs) is less than 1240, the bias is 107. Otherwise if it is less
+    than 33900, it is 1131; otherwise it is 32768.",
+    `Subroutine Operators <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/opentype/otspec180/cff2charstr#section4.4>`)
+    """
+
+    compilerClass = GlobalSubrsCompiler
+    subrClass = psCharStrings.T2CharString
+    charStringClass = psCharStrings.T2CharString
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        file=None,
+        globalSubrs=None,
+        private=None,
+        fdSelect=None,
+        fdArray=None,
+        isCFF2=None,
+    ):
+        super(GlobalSubrsIndex, self).__init__(file, isCFF2=isCFF2)
+        self.globalSubrs = globalSubrs
+        self.private = private
+        if fdSelect:
+            self.fdSelect = fdSelect
+        if fdArray:
+            self.fdArray = fdArray
+
+    def produceItem(self, index, data, file, offset):
+        if self.private is not None:
+            private = self.private
+        elif hasattr(self, "fdArray") and self.fdArray is not None:
+            if hasattr(self, "fdSelect") and self.fdSelect is not None:
+                fdIndex = self.fdSelect[index]
+            else:
+                fdIndex = 0
+            private = self.fdArray[fdIndex].Private
+        else:
+            private = None
+        return self.subrClass(data, private=private, globalSubrs=self.globalSubrs)
+
+    def toXML(self, xmlWriter):
+        """Write the subroutines index into XML representation onto the given
+        :class:`fontTools.misc.xmlWriter.XMLWriter`.
+
+        .. code:: python
+
+                writer = xmlWriter.XMLWriter(sys.stdout)
+                tt["CFF "].cff[0].GlobalSubrs.toXML(writer)
+
+        """
+        xmlWriter.comment(
+            "The 'index' attribute is only for humans; " "it is ignored when parsed."
+        )
+        xmlWriter.newline()
+        for i in range(len(self)):
+            subr = self[i]
+            if subr.needsDecompilation():
+                xmlWriter.begintag("CharString", index=i, raw=1)
+            else:
+                xmlWriter.begintag("CharString", index=i)
+            xmlWriter.newline()
+            subr.toXML(xmlWriter)
+            xmlWriter.endtag("CharString")
+            xmlWriter.newline()
+
+    def fromXML(self, name, attrs, content):
+        if name != "CharString":
+            return
+        subr = self.subrClass()
+        subr.fromXML(name, attrs, content)
+        self.append(subr)
+
+    def getItemAndSelector(self, index):
+        sel = None
+        if hasattr(self, "fdSelect"):
+            sel = self.fdSelect[index]
+        return self[index], sel
+
+
+class SubrsIndex(GlobalSubrsIndex):
+    """This index contains a glyph's local subroutines. A local subroutine is a
+    private set of ``CharString`` data which is accessible only to the glyph to
+    which the index is attached."""
+
+    compilerClass = SubrsCompiler
+
+
+class TopDictIndex(Index):
+    """This index represents the array of ``TopDict`` structures in the font
+    (again, usually only one entry is present). Hence the following calls are
+    equivalent:
+
+    .. code:: python
+
+            tt["CFF "].cff[0]
+            # <fontTools.cffLib.TopDict object at 0x102ed6e50>
+            tt["CFF "].cff.topDictIndex[0]
+            # <fontTools.cffLib.TopDict object at 0x102ed6e50>
+
+    """
+
+    compilerClass = TopDictIndexCompiler
+
+    def __init__(self, file=None, cff2GetGlyphOrder=None, topSize=0, isCFF2=None):
+        self.cff2GetGlyphOrder = cff2GetGlyphOrder
+        if file is not None and isCFF2:
+            self._isCFF2 = isCFF2
+            self.items = []
+            name = self.__class__.__name__
+            log.log(DEBUG, "loading %s at %s", name, file.tell())
+            self.file = file
+            count = 1
+            self.items = [None] * count
+            self.offsets = [0, topSize]
+            self.offsetBase = file.tell()
+            # pretend we've read the whole lot
+            file.seek(self.offsetBase + topSize)
+            log.log(DEBUG, "    end of %s at %s", name, file.tell())
+        else:
+            super(TopDictIndex, self).__init__(file, isCFF2=isCFF2)
+
+    def produceItem(self, index, data, file, offset):
+        top = TopDict(
+            self.strings,
+            file,
+            offset,
+            self.GlobalSubrs,
+            self.cff2GetGlyphOrder,
+            isCFF2=self._isCFF2,
+        )
+        top.decompile(data)
+        return top
+
+    def toXML(self, xmlWriter):
+        for i in range(len(self)):
+            xmlWriter.begintag("FontDict", index=i)
+            xmlWriter.newline()
+            self[i].toXML(xmlWriter)
+            xmlWriter.endtag("FontDict")
+            xmlWriter.newline()
+
+
+class FDArrayIndex(Index):
+    compilerClass = FDArrayIndexCompiler
+
+    def toXML(self, xmlWriter):
+        for i in range(len(self)):
+            xmlWriter.begintag("FontDict", index=i)
+            xmlWriter.newline()
+            self[i].toXML(xmlWriter)
+            xmlWriter.endtag("FontDict")
+            xmlWriter.newline()
+
+    def produceItem(self, index, data, file, offset):
+        fontDict = FontDict(
+            self.strings,
+            file,
+            offset,
+            self.GlobalSubrs,
+            isCFF2=self._isCFF2,
+            vstore=self.vstore,
+        )
+        fontDict.decompile(data)
+        return fontDict
+
+    def fromXML(self, name, attrs, content):
+        if name != "FontDict":
+            return
+        fontDict = FontDict()
+        for element in content:
+            if isinstance(element, str):
+                continue
+            name, attrs, content = element
+            fontDict.fromXML(name, attrs, content)
+        self.append(fontDict)
+
+
+class VarStoreData(object):
+    def __init__(self, file=None, otVarStore=None):
+        self.file = file
+        self.data = None
+        self.otVarStore = otVarStore
+        self.font = TTFont()  # dummy font for the decompile function.
+
+    def decompile(self):
+        if self.file:
+            # read data in from file. Assume position is correct.
+            length = readCard16(self.file)
+            # https://github.com/fonttools/fonttools/issues/3673
+            if length == 65535:
+                self.data = self.file.read()
+            else:
+                self.data = self.file.read(length)
+            globalState = {}
+            reader = OTTableReader(self.data, globalState)
+            self.otVarStore = ot.VarStore()
+            self.otVarStore.decompile(reader, self.font)
+            self.data = None
+        return self
+
+    def compile(self):
+        writer = OTTableWriter()
+        self.otVarStore.compile(writer, self.font)
+        # Note that this omits the initial Card16 length from the CFF2
+        # VarStore data block
+        self.data = writer.getAllData()
+
+    def writeXML(self, xmlWriter, name):
+        self.otVarStore.toXML(xmlWriter, self.font)
+
+    def xmlRead(self, name, attrs, content, parent):
+        self.otVarStore = ot.VarStore()
+        for element in content:
+            if isinstance(element, tuple):
+                name, attrs, content = element
+                self.otVarStore.fromXML(name, attrs, content, self.font)
+            else:
+                pass
+        return None
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self.data)
+
+    def getNumRegions(self, vsIndex):
+        if vsIndex is None:
+            vsIndex = 0
+        varData = self.otVarStore.VarData[vsIndex]
+        numRegions = varData.VarRegionCount
+        return numRegions
+
+
+class FDSelect(object):
+    def __init__(self, file=None, numGlyphs=None, format=None):
+        if file:
+            # read data in from file
+            self.format = readCard8(file)
+            if self.format == 0:
+                from array import array
+
+                self.gidArray = array("B", file.read(numGlyphs)).tolist()
+            elif self.format == 3:
+                gidArray = [None] * numGlyphs
+                nRanges = readCard16(file)
+                fd = None
+                prev = None
+                for i in range(nRanges):
+                    first = readCard16(file)
+                    if prev is not None:
+                        for glyphID in range(prev, first):
+                            gidArray[glyphID] = fd
+                    prev = first
+                    fd = readCard8(file)
+                if prev is not None:
+                    first = readCard16(file)
+                    for glyphID in range(prev, first):
+                        gidArray[glyphID] = fd
+                self.gidArray = gidArray
+            elif self.format == 4:
+                gidArray = [None] * numGlyphs
+                nRanges = readCard32(file)
+                fd = None
+                prev = None
+                for i in range(nRanges):
+                    first = readCard32(file)
+                    if prev is not None:
+                        for glyphID in range(prev, first):
+                            gidArray[glyphID] = fd
+                    prev = first
+                    fd = readCard16(file)
+                if prev is not None:
+                    first = readCard32(file)
+                    for glyphID in range(prev, first):
+                        gidArray[glyphID] = fd
+                self.gidArray = gidArray
+            else:
+                assert False, "unsupported FDSelect format: %s" % format
+        else:
+            # reading from XML. Make empty gidArray, and leave format as passed in.
+            # format is None will result in the smallest representation being used.
+            self.format = format
+            self.gidArray = []
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self.gidArray)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, index):
+        return self.gidArray[index]
+
+    def __setitem__(self, index, fdSelectValue):
+        self.gidArray[index] = fdSelectValue
+
+    def append(self, fdSelectValue):
+        self.gidArray.append(fdSelectValue)
+
+
+class CharStrings(object):
+    """The ``CharStrings`` in the font represent the instructions for drawing
+    each glyph. This object presents a dictionary interface to the font's
+    CharStrings, indexed by glyph name:
+
+    .. code:: python
+
+            tt["CFF "].cff[0].CharStrings["a"]
+            # <T2CharString (bytecode) at 103451e90>
+
+    See :class:`fontTools.misc.psCharStrings.T1CharString` and
+    :class:`fontTools.misc.psCharStrings.T2CharString` for how to decompile,
+    compile and interpret the glyph drawing instructions in the returned objects.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        file,
+        charset,
+        globalSubrs,
+        private,
+        fdSelect,
+        fdArray,
+        isCFF2=None,
+        varStore=None,
+    ):
+        self.globalSubrs = globalSubrs
+        self.varStore = varStore
+        if file is not None:
+            self.charStringsIndex = SubrsIndex(
+                file, globalSubrs, private, fdSelect, fdArray, isCFF2=isCFF2
+            )
+            self.charStrings = charStrings = {}
+            for i in range(len(charset)):
+                charStrings[charset[i]] = i
+            # read from OTF file: charStrings.values() are indices into
+            # charStringsIndex.
+            self.charStringsAreIndexed = 1
+        else:
+            self.charStrings = {}
+            # read from ttx file: charStrings.values() are actual charstrings
+            self.charStringsAreIndexed = 0
+            self.private = private
+            if fdSelect is not None:
+                self.fdSelect = fdSelect
+            if fdArray is not None:
+                self.fdArray = fdArray
+
+    def keys(self):
+        return list(self.charStrings.keys())
+
+    def values(self):
+        if self.charStringsAreIndexed:
+            return self.charStringsIndex
+        else:
+            return list(self.charStrings.values())
+
+    def has_key(self, name):
+        return name in self.charStrings
+
+    __contains__ = has_key
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self.charStrings)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, name):
+        charString = self.charStrings[name]
+        if self.charStringsAreIndexed:
+            charString = self.charStringsIndex[charString]
+        return charString
+
+    def __setitem__(self, name, charString):
+        if self.charStringsAreIndexed:
+            index = self.charStrings[name]
+            self.charStringsIndex[index] = charString
+        else:
+            self.charStrings[name] = charString
+
+    def getItemAndSelector(self, name):
+        if self.charStringsAreIndexed:
+            index = self.charStrings[name]
+            return self.charStringsIndex.getItemAndSelector(index)
+        else:
+            if hasattr(self, "fdArray"):
+                if hasattr(self, "fdSelect"):
+                    sel = self.charStrings[name].fdSelectIndex
+                else:
+                    sel = 0
+            else:
+                sel = None
+            return self.charStrings[name], sel
+
+    def toXML(self, xmlWriter):
+        names = sorted(self.keys())
+        for name in names:
+            charStr, fdSelectIndex = self.getItemAndSelector(name)
+            if charStr.needsDecompilation():
+                raw = [("raw", 1)]
+            else:
+                raw = []
+            if fdSelectIndex is None:
+                xmlWriter.begintag("CharString", [("name", name)] + raw)
+            else:
+                xmlWriter.begintag(
+                    "CharString",
+                    [("name", name), ("fdSelectIndex", fdSelectIndex)] + raw,
+                )
+            xmlWriter.newline()
+            charStr.toXML(xmlWriter)
+            xmlWriter.endtag("CharString")
+            xmlWriter.newline()
+
+    def fromXML(self, name, attrs, content):
+        for element in content:
+            if isinstance(element, str):
+                continue
+            name, attrs, content = element
+            if name != "CharString":
+                continue
+            fdID = -1
+            if hasattr(self, "fdArray"):
+                try:
+                    fdID = safeEval(attrs["fdSelectIndex"])
+                except KeyError:
+                    fdID = 0
+                private = self.fdArray[fdID].Private
+            else:
+                private = self.private
+
+            glyphName = attrs["name"]
+            charStringClass = psCharStrings.T2CharString
+            charString = charStringClass(private=private, globalSubrs=self.globalSubrs)
+            charString.fromXML(name, attrs, content)
+            if fdID >= 0:
+                charString.fdSelectIndex = fdID
+            self[glyphName] = charString
+
+
+def readCard8(file):
+    return byteord(file.read(1))
+
+
+def readCard16(file):
+    (value,) = struct.unpack(">H", file.read(2))
+    return value
+
+
+def readCard32(file):
+    (value,) = struct.unpack(">L", file.read(4))
+    return value
+
+
+def writeCard8(file, value):
+    file.write(bytechr(value))
+
+
+def writeCard16(file, value):
+    file.write(struct.pack(">H", value))
+
+
+def writeCard32(file, value):
+    file.write(struct.pack(">L", value))
+
+
+def packCard8(value):
+    return bytechr(value)
+
+
+def packCard16(value):
+    return struct.pack(">H", value)
+
+
+def packCard32(value):
+    return struct.pack(">L", value)
+
+
+def buildOperatorDict(table):
+    d = {}
+    for op, name, arg, default, conv in table:
+        d[op] = (name, arg)
+    return d
+
+
+def buildOpcodeDict(table):
+    d = {}
+    for op, name, arg, default, conv in table:
+        if isinstance(op, tuple):
+            op = bytechr(op[0]) + bytechr(op[1])
+        else:
+            op = bytechr(op)
+        d[name] = (op, arg)
+    return d
+
+
+def buildOrder(table):
+    l = []
+    for op, name, arg, default, conv in table:
+        l.append(name)
+    return l
+
+
+def buildDefaults(table):
+    d = {}
+    for op, name, arg, default, conv in table:
+        if default is not None:
+            d[name] = default
+    return d
+
+
+def buildConverters(table):
+    d = {}
+    for op, name, arg, default, conv in table:
+        d[name] = conv
+    return d
+
+
+class SimpleConverter(object):
+    def read(self, parent, value):
+        if not hasattr(parent, "file"):
+            return self._read(parent, value)
+        file = parent.file
+        pos = file.tell()
+        try:
+            return self._read(parent, value)
+        finally:
+            file.seek(pos)
+
+    def _read(self, parent, value):
+        return value
+
+    def write(self, parent, value):
+        return value
+
+    def xmlWrite(self, xmlWriter, name, value):
+        xmlWriter.simpletag(name, value=value)
+        xmlWriter.newline()
+
+    def xmlRead(self, name, attrs, content, parent):
+        return attrs["value"]
+
+
+class ASCIIConverter(SimpleConverter):
+    def _read(self, parent, value):
+        return tostr(value, encoding="ascii")
+
+    def write(self, parent, value):
+        return tobytes(value, encoding="ascii")
+
+    def xmlWrite(self, xmlWriter, name, value):
+        xmlWriter.simpletag(name, value=tostr(value, encoding="ascii"))
+        xmlWriter.newline()
+
+    def xmlRead(self, name, attrs, content, parent):
+        return tobytes(attrs["value"], encoding=("ascii"))
+
+
+class Latin1Converter(SimpleConverter):
+    def _read(self, parent, value):
+        return tostr(value, encoding="latin1")
+
+    def write(self, parent, value):
+        return tobytes(value, encoding="latin1")
+
+    def xmlWrite(self, xmlWriter, name, value):
+        value = tostr(value, encoding="latin1")
+        if name in ["Notice", "Copyright"]:
+            value = re.sub(r"[\r\n]\s+", " ", value)
+        xmlWriter.simpletag(name, value=value)
+        xmlWriter.newline()
+
+    def xmlRead(self, name, attrs, content, parent):
+        return tobytes(attrs["value"], encoding=("latin1"))
+
+
+def parseNum(s):
+    try:
+        value = int(s)
+    except:
+        value = float(s)
+    return value
+
+
+def parseBlendList(s):
+    valueList = []
+    for element in s:
+        if isinstance(element, str):
+            continue
+        name, attrs, content = element
+        blendList = attrs["value"].split()
+        blendList = [eval(val) for val in blendList]
+        valueList.append(blendList)
+    if len(valueList) == 1:
+        valueList = valueList[0]
+    return valueList
+
+
+class NumberConverter(SimpleConverter):
+    def xmlWrite(self, xmlWriter, name, value):
+        if isinstance(value, list):
+            xmlWriter.begintag(name)
+            xmlWriter.newline()
+            xmlWriter.indent()
+            blendValue = " ".join([str(val) for val in value])
+            xmlWriter.simpletag(kBlendDictOpName, value=blendValue)
+            xmlWriter.newline()
+            xmlWriter.dedent()
+            xmlWriter.endtag(name)
+            xmlWriter.newline()
+        else:
+            xmlWriter.simpletag(name, value=value)
+            xmlWriter.newline()
+
+    def xmlRead(self, name, attrs, content, parent):
+        valueString = attrs.get("value", None)
+        if valueString is None:
+            value = parseBlendList(content)
+        else:
+            value = parseNum(attrs["value"])
+        return value
+
+
+class ArrayConverter(SimpleConverter):
+    def xmlWrite(self, xmlWriter, name, value):
+        if value and isinstance(value[0], list):
+            xmlWriter.begintag(name)
+            xmlWriter.newline()
+            xmlWriter.indent()
+            for valueList in value:
+                blendValue = " ".join([str(val) for val in valueList])
+                xmlWriter.simpletag(kBlendDictOpName, value=blendValue)
+                xmlWriter.newline()
+            xmlWriter.dedent()
+            xmlWriter.endtag(name)
+            xmlWriter.newline()
+        else:
+            value = " ".join([str(val) for val in value])
+            xmlWriter.simpletag(name, value=value)
+            xmlWriter.newline()
+
+    def xmlRead(self, name, attrs, content, parent):
+        valueString = attrs.get("value", None)
+        if valueString is None:
+            valueList = parseBlendList(content)
+        else:
+            values = valueString.split()
+            valueList = [parseNum(value) for value in values]
+        return valueList
+
+
+class TableConverter(SimpleConverter):
+    def xmlWrite(self, xmlWriter, name, value):
+        xmlWriter.begintag(name)
+        xmlWriter.newline()
+        value.toXML(xmlWriter)
+        xmlWriter.endtag(name)
+        xmlWriter.newline()
+
+    def xmlRead(self, name, attrs, content, parent):
+        ob = self.getClass()()
+        for element in content:
+            if isinstance(element, str):
+                continue
+            name, attrs, content = element
+            ob.fromXML(name, attrs, content)
+        return ob
+
+
+class PrivateDictConverter(TableConverter):
+    def getClass(self):
+        return PrivateDict
+
+    def _read(self, parent, value):
+        size, offset = value
+        file = parent.file
+        isCFF2 = parent._isCFF2
+        try:
+            vstore = parent.vstore
+        except AttributeError:
+            vstore = None
+        priv = PrivateDict(parent.strings, file, offset, isCFF2=isCFF2, vstore=vstore)
+        file.seek(offset)
+        data = file.read(size)
+        assert len(data) == size
+        priv.decompile(data)
+        return priv
+
+    def write(self, parent, value):
+        return (0, 0)  # dummy value
+
+
+class SubrsConverter(TableConverter):
+    def getClass(self):
+        return SubrsIndex
+
+    def _read(self, parent, value):
+        file = parent.file
+        isCFF2 = parent._isCFF2
+        file.seek(parent.offset + value)  # Offset(self)
+        return SubrsIndex(file, isCFF2=isCFF2)
+
+    def write(self, parent, value):
+        return 0  # dummy value
+
+
+class CharStringsConverter(TableConverter):
+    def _read(self, parent, value):
+        file = parent.file
+        isCFF2 = parent._isCFF2
+        charset = parent.charset
+        varStore = getattr(parent, "VarStore", None)
+        globalSubrs = parent.GlobalSubrs
+        if hasattr(parent, "FDArray"):
+            fdArray = parent.FDArray
+            if hasattr(parent, "FDSelect"):
+                fdSelect = parent.FDSelect
+            else:
+                fdSelect = None
+            private = None
+        else:
+            fdSelect, fdArray = None, None
+            private = parent.Private
+        file.seek(value)  # Offset(0)
+        charStrings = CharStrings(
+            file,
+            charset,
+            globalSubrs,
+            private,
+            fdSelect,
+            fdArray,
+            isCFF2=isCFF2,
+            varStore=varStore,
+        )
+        return charStrings
+
+    def write(self, parent, value):
+        return 0  # dummy value
+
+    def xmlRead(self, name, attrs, content, parent):
+        if hasattr(parent, "FDArray"):
+            # if it is a CID-keyed font, then the private Dict is extracted from the
+            # parent.FDArray
+            fdArray = parent.FDArray
+            if hasattr(parent, "FDSelect"):
+                fdSelect = parent.FDSelect
+            else:
+                fdSelect = None
+            private = None
+        else:
+            # if it is a name-keyed font, then the private dict is in the top dict,
+            # and
+            # there is no fdArray.
+            private, fdSelect, fdArray = parent.Private, None, None
+        charStrings = CharStrings(
+            None,
+            None,
+            parent.GlobalSubrs,
+            private,
+            fdSelect,
+            fdArray,
+            varStore=getattr(parent, "VarStore", None),
+        )
+        charStrings.fromXML(name, attrs, content)
+        return charStrings
+
+
+class CharsetConverter(SimpleConverter):
+    def _read(self, parent, value):
+        isCID = hasattr(parent, "ROS")
+        if value > 2:
+            numGlyphs = parent.numGlyphs
+            file = parent.file
+            file.seek(value)
+            log.log(DEBUG, "loading charset at %s", value)
+            format = readCard8(file)
+            if format == 0:
+                charset = parseCharset0(numGlyphs, file, parent.strings, isCID)
+            elif format == 1 or format == 2:
+                charset = parseCharset(numGlyphs, file, parent.strings, isCID, format)
+            else:
+                raise NotImplementedError
+            assert len(charset) == numGlyphs
+            log.log(DEBUG, "    charset end at %s", file.tell())
+            # make sure glyph names are unique
+            allNames = {}
+            newCharset = []
+            for glyphName in charset:
+                if glyphName in allNames:
+                    # make up a new glyphName that's unique
+                    n = allNames[glyphName]
+                    names = set(allNames) | set(charset)
+                    while (glyphName + "." + str(n)) in names:
+                        n += 1
+                    allNames[glyphName] = n + 1
+                    glyphName = glyphName + "." + str(n)
+                allNames[glyphName] = 1
+                newCharset.append(glyphName)
+            charset = newCharset
+        else:  # offset == 0 -> no charset data.
+            if isCID or "CharStrings" not in parent.rawDict:
+                # We get here only when processing fontDicts from the FDArray of
+                # CFF-CID fonts. Only the real topDict references the charset.
+                assert value == 0
+                charset = None
+            elif value == 0:
+                charset = cffISOAdobeStrings
+            elif value == 1:
+                charset = cffIExpertStrings
+            elif value == 2:
+                charset = cffExpertSubsetStrings
+        if charset and (len(charset) != parent.numGlyphs):
+            charset = charset[: parent.numGlyphs]
+        return charset
+
+    def write(self, parent, value):
+        return 0  # dummy value
+
+    def xmlWrite(self, xmlWriter, name, value):
+        # XXX only write charset when not in OT/TTX context, where we
+        # dump charset as a separate "GlyphOrder" table.
+        # # xmlWriter.simpletag("charset")
+        xmlWriter.comment("charset is dumped separately as the 'GlyphOrder' element")
+        xmlWriter.newline()
+
+    def xmlRead(self, name, attrs, content, parent):
+        pass
+
+
+class CharsetCompiler(object):
+    def __init__(self, strings, charset, parent):
+        assert charset[0] == ".notdef"
+        isCID = hasattr(parent.dictObj, "ROS")
+        data0 = packCharset0(charset, isCID, strings)
+        data = packCharset(charset, isCID, strings)
+        if len(data) < len(data0):
+            self.data = data
+        else:
+            self.data = data0
+        self.parent = parent
+
+    def setPos(self, pos, endPos):
+        self.parent.rawDict["charset"] = pos
+
+    def getDataLength(self):
+        return len(self.data)
+
+    def toFile(self, file):
+        file.write(self.data)
+
+
+def getStdCharSet(charset):
+    # check to see if we can use a predefined charset value.
+    predefinedCharSetVal = None
+    predefinedCharSets = [
+        (cffISOAdobeStringCount, cffISOAdobeStrings, 0),
+        (cffExpertStringCount, cffIExpertStrings, 1),
+        (cffExpertSubsetStringCount, cffExpertSubsetStrings, 2),
+    ]
+    lcs = len(charset)
+    for cnt, pcs, csv in predefinedCharSets:
+        if predefinedCharSetVal is not None:
+            break
+        if lcs > cnt:
+            continue
+        predefinedCharSetVal = csv
+        for i in range(lcs):
+            if charset[i] != pcs[i]:
+                predefinedCharSetVal = None
+                break
+    return predefinedCharSetVal
+
+
+def getCIDfromName(name, strings):
+    return int(name[3:])
+
+
+def getSIDfromName(name, strings):
+    return strings.getSID(name)
+
+
+def packCharset0(charset, isCID, strings):
+    fmt = 0
+    data = [packCard8(fmt)]
+    if isCID:
+        getNameID = getCIDfromName
+    else:
+        getNameID = getSIDfromName
+
+    for name in charset[1:]:
+        data.append(packCard16(getNameID(name, strings)))
+    return bytesjoin(data)
+
+
+def packCharset(charset, isCID, strings):
+    fmt = 1
+    ranges = []
+    first = None
+    end = 0
+    if isCID:
+        getNameID = getCIDfromName
+    else:
+        getNameID = getSIDfromName
+
+    for name in charset[1:]:
+        SID = getNameID(name, strings)
+        if first is None:
+            first = SID
+        elif end + 1 != SID:
+            nLeft = end - first
+            if nLeft > 255:
+                fmt = 2
+            ranges.append((first, nLeft))
+            first = SID
+        end = SID
+    if end:
+        nLeft = end - first
+        if nLeft > 255:
+            fmt = 2
+        ranges.append((first, nLeft))
+
+    data = [packCard8(fmt)]
+    if fmt == 1:
+        nLeftFunc = packCard8
+    else:
+        nLeftFunc = packCard16
+    for first, nLeft in ranges:
+        data.append(packCard16(first) + nLeftFunc(nLeft))
+    return bytesjoin(data)
+
+
+def parseCharset0(numGlyphs, file, strings, isCID):
+    charset = [".notdef"]
+    if isCID:
+        for i in range(numGlyphs - 1):
+            CID = readCard16(file)
+            charset.append("cid" + str(CID).zfill(5))
+    else:
+        for i in range(numGlyphs - 1):
+            SID = readCard16(file)
+            charset.append(strings[SID])
+    return charset
+
+
+def parseCharset(numGlyphs, file, strings, isCID, fmt):
+    charset = [".notdef"]
+    count = 1
+    if fmt == 1:
+        nLeftFunc = readCard8
+    else:
+        nLeftFunc = readCard16
+    while count < numGlyphs:
+        first = readCard16(file)
+        nLeft = nLeftFunc(file)
+        if isCID:
+            for CID in range(first, first + nLeft + 1):
+                charset.append("cid" + str(CID).zfill(5))
+        else:
+            for SID in range(first, first + nLeft + 1):
+                charset.append(strings[SID])
+        count = count + nLeft + 1
+    return charset
+
+
+class EncodingCompiler(object):
+    def __init__(self, strings, encoding, parent):
+        assert not isinstance(encoding, str)
+        data0 = packEncoding0(parent.dictObj.charset, encoding, parent.strings)
+        data1 = packEncoding1(parent.dictObj.charset, encoding, parent.strings)
+        if len(data0) < len(data1):
+            self.data = data0
+        else:
+            self.data = data1
+        self.parent = parent
+
+    def setPos(self, pos, endPos):
+        self.parent.rawDict["Encoding"] = pos
+
+    def getDataLength(self):
+        return len(self.data)
+
+    def toFile(self, file):
+        file.write(self.data)
+
+
+class EncodingConverter(SimpleConverter):
+    def _read(self, parent, value):
+        if value == 0:
+            return "StandardEncoding"
+        elif value == 1:
+            return "ExpertEncoding"
+        # custom encoding at offset `value`
+        assert value > 1
+        file = parent.file
+        file.seek(value)
+        log.log(DEBUG, "loading Encoding at %s", value)
+        fmt = readCard8(file)
+        haveSupplement = bool(fmt & 0x80)
+        fmt = fmt & 0x7F
+
+        if fmt == 0:
+            encoding = parseEncoding0(parent.charset, file)
+        elif fmt == 1:
+            encoding = parseEncoding1(parent.charset, file)
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unknown Encoding format: {fmt}")
+
+        if haveSupplement:
+            parseEncodingSupplement(file, encoding, parent.strings)
+
+        return encoding
+
+    def write(self, parent, value):
+        if value == "StandardEncoding":
+            return 0
+        elif value == "ExpertEncoding":
+            return 1
+        return 0  # dummy value
+
+    def xmlWrite(self, xmlWriter, name, value):
+        if value in ("StandardEncoding", "ExpertEncoding"):
+            xmlWriter.simpletag(name, name=value)
+            xmlWriter.newline()
+            return
+        xmlWriter.begintag(name)
+        xmlWriter.newline()
+        for code in range(len(value)):
+            glyphName = value[code]
+            if glyphName != ".notdef":
+                xmlWriter.simpletag("map", code=hex(code), name=glyphName)
+                xmlWriter.newline()
+        xmlWriter.endtag(name)
+        xmlWriter.newline()
+
+    def xmlRead(self, name, attrs, content, parent):
+        if "name" in attrs:
+            return attrs["name"]
+        encoding = [".notdef"] * 256
+        for element in content:
+            if isinstance(element, str):
+                continue
+            name, attrs, content = element
+            code = safeEval(attrs["code"])
+            glyphName = attrs["name"]
+            encoding[code] = glyphName
+        return encoding
+
+
+def readSID(file):
+    """Read a String ID (SID) — 2-byte unsigned integer."""
+    data = file.read(2)
+    if len(data) != 2:
+        raise EOFError("Unexpected end of file while reading SID")
+    return struct.unpack(">H", data)[0]  # big-endian uint16
+
+
+def parseEncodingSupplement(file, encoding, strings):
+    """
+    Parse the CFF Encoding supplement data:
+      - nSups: number of supplementary mappings
+      - each mapping: (code, SID) pair
+    and apply them to the `encoding` list in place.
+    """
+    nSups = readCard8(file)
+    for _ in range(nSups):
+        code = readCard8(file)
+        sid = readSID(file)
+        name = strings[sid]
+        encoding[code] = name
+
+
+def parseEncoding0(charset, file):
+    """
+    Format 0: simple list of codes.
+    After reading the base table, optionally parse the supplement.
+    """
+    nCodes = readCard8(file)
+    encoding = [".notdef"] * 256
+    for glyphID in range(1, nCodes + 1):
+        code = readCard8(file)
+        if code != 0:
+            encoding[code] = charset[glyphID]
+
+    return encoding
+
+
+def parseEncoding1(charset, file):
+    """
+    Format 1: range-based encoding.
+    After reading the base ranges, optionally parse the supplement.
+    """
+    nRanges = readCard8(file)
+    encoding = [".notdef"] * 256
+    glyphID = 1
+    for _ in range(nRanges):
+        code = readCard8(file)
+        nLeft = readCard8(file)
+        for _ in range(nLeft + 1):
+            encoding[code] = charset[glyphID]
+            code += 1
+            glyphID += 1
+
+    return encoding
+
+
+def packEncoding0(charset, encoding, strings):
+    fmt = 0
+    m = {}
+    for code in range(len(encoding)):
+        name = encoding[code]
+        if name != ".notdef":
+            m[name] = code
+    codes = []
+    for name in charset[1:]:
+        code = m.get(name)
+        codes.append(code)
+
+    while codes and codes[-1] is None:
+        codes.pop()
+
+    data = [packCard8(fmt), packCard8(len(codes))]
+    for code in codes:
+        if code is None:
+            code = 0
+        data.append(packCard8(code))
+    return bytesjoin(data)
+
+
+def packEncoding1(charset, encoding, strings):
+    fmt = 1
+    m = {}
+    for code in range(len(encoding)):
+        name = encoding[code]
+        if name != ".notdef":
+            m[name] = code
+    ranges = []
+    first = None
+    end = 0
+    for name in charset[1:]:
+        code = m.get(name, -1)
+        if first is None:
+            first = code
+        elif end + 1 != code:
+            nLeft = end - first
+            ranges.append((first, nLeft))
+            first = code
+        end = code
+    nLeft = end - first
+    ranges.append((first, nLeft))
+
+    # remove unencoded glyphs at the end.
+    while ranges and ranges[-1][0] == -1:
+        ranges.pop()
+
+    data = [packCard8(fmt), packCard8(len(ranges))]
+    for first, nLeft in ranges:
+        if first == -1:  # unencoded
+            first = 0
+        data.append(packCard8(first) + packCard8(nLeft))
+    return bytesjoin(data)
+
+
+class FDArrayConverter(TableConverter):
+    def _read(self, parent, value):
+        try:
+            vstore = parent.VarStore
+        except AttributeError:
+            vstore = None
+        file = parent.file
+        isCFF2 = parent._isCFF2
+        file.seek(value)
+        fdArray = FDArrayIndex(file, isCFF2=isCFF2)
+        fdArray.vstore = vstore
+        fdArray.strings = parent.strings
+        fdArray.GlobalSubrs = parent.GlobalSubrs
+        return fdArray
+
+    def write(self, parent, value):
+        return 0  # dummy value
+
+    def xmlRead(self, name, attrs, content, parent):
+        fdArray = FDArrayIndex()
+        for element in content:
+            if isinstance(element, str):
+                continue
+            name, attrs, content = element
+            fdArray.fromXML(name, attrs, content)
+        return fdArray
+
+
+class FDSelectConverter(SimpleConverter):
+    def _read(self, parent, value):
+        file = parent.file
+        file.seek(value)
+        fdSelect = FDSelect(file, parent.numGlyphs)
+        return fdSelect
+
+    def write(self, parent, value):
+        return 0  # dummy value
+
+    # The FDSelect glyph data is written out to XML in the charstring keys,
+    # so we write out only the format selector
+    def xmlWrite(self, xmlWriter, name, value):
+        xmlWriter.simpletag(name, [("format", value.format)])
+        xmlWriter.newline()
+
+    def xmlRead(self, name, attrs, content, parent):
+        fmt = safeEval(attrs["format"])
+        file = None
+        numGlyphs = None
+        fdSelect = FDSelect(file, numGlyphs, fmt)
+        return fdSelect
+
+
+class VarStoreConverter(SimpleConverter):
+    def _read(self, parent, value):
+        file = parent.file
+        file.seek(value)
+        varStore = VarStoreData(file)
+        varStore.decompile()
+        return varStore
+
+    def write(self, parent, value):
+        return 0  # dummy value
+
+    def xmlWrite(self, xmlWriter, name, value):
+        value.writeXML(xmlWriter, name)
+
+    def xmlRead(self, name, attrs, content, parent):
+        varStore = VarStoreData()
+        varStore.xmlRead(name, attrs, content, parent)
+        return varStore
+
+
+def packFDSelect0(fdSelectArray):
+    fmt = 0
+    data = [packCard8(fmt)]
+    for index in fdSelectArray:
+        data.append(packCard8(index))
+    return bytesjoin(data)
+
+
+def packFDSelect3(fdSelectArray):
+    fmt = 3
+    fdRanges = []
+    lenArray = len(fdSelectArray)
+    lastFDIndex = -1
+    for i in range(lenArray):
+        fdIndex = fdSelectArray[i]
+        if lastFDIndex != fdIndex:
+            fdRanges.append([i, fdIndex])
+            lastFDIndex = fdIndex
+    sentinelGID = i + 1
+
+    data = [packCard8(fmt)]
+    data.append(packCard16(len(fdRanges)))
+    for fdRange in fdRanges:
+        data.append(packCard16(fdRange[0]))
+        data.append(packCard8(fdRange[1]))
+    data.append(packCard16(sentinelGID))
+    return bytesjoin(data)
+
+
+def packFDSelect4(fdSelectArray):
+    fmt = 4
+    fdRanges = []
+    lenArray = len(fdSelectArray)
+    lastFDIndex = -1
+    for i in range(lenArray):
+        fdIndex = fdSelectArray[i]
+        if lastFDIndex != fdIndex:
+            fdRanges.append([i, fdIndex])
+            lastFDIndex = fdIndex
+    sentinelGID = i + 1
+
+    data = [packCard8(fmt)]
+    data.append(packCard32(len(fdRanges)))
+    for fdRange in fdRanges:
+        data.append(packCard32(fdRange[0]))
+        data.append(packCard16(fdRange[1]))
+    data.append(packCard32(sentinelGID))
+    return bytesjoin(data)
+
+
+class FDSelectCompiler(object):
+    def __init__(self, fdSelect, parent):
+        fmt = fdSelect.format
+        fdSelectArray = fdSelect.gidArray
+        if fmt == 0:
+            self.data = packFDSelect0(fdSelectArray)
+        elif fmt == 3:
+            self.data = packFDSelect3(fdSelectArray)
+        elif fmt == 4:
+            self.data = packFDSelect4(fdSelectArray)
+        else:
+            # choose smaller of the two formats
+            data0 = packFDSelect0(fdSelectArray)
+            data3 = packFDSelect3(fdSelectArray)
+            if len(data0) < len(data3):
+                self.data = data0
+                fdSelect.format = 0
+            else:
+                self.data = data3
+                fdSelect.format = 3
+
+        self.parent = parent
+
+    def setPos(self, pos, endPos):
+        self.parent.rawDict["FDSelect"] = pos
+
+    def getDataLength(self):
+        return len(self.data)
+
+    def toFile(self, file):
+        file.write(self.data)
+
+
+class VarStoreCompiler(object):
+    def __init__(self, varStoreData, parent):
+        self.parent = parent
+        if not varStoreData.data:
+            varStoreData.compile()
+        varStoreDataLen = min(0xFFFF, len(varStoreData.data))
+        data = [packCard16(varStoreDataLen), varStoreData.data]
+        self.data = bytesjoin(data)
+
+    def setPos(self, pos, endPos):
+        self.parent.rawDict["VarStore"] = pos
+
+    def getDataLength(self):
+        return len(self.data)
+
+    def toFile(self, file):
+        file.write(self.data)
+
+
+class ROSConverter(SimpleConverter):
+    def xmlWrite(self, xmlWriter, name, value):
+        registry, order, supplement = value
+        xmlWriter.simpletag(
+            name,
+            [
+                ("Registry", tostr(registry)),
+                ("Order", tostr(order)),
+                ("Supplement", supplement),
+            ],
+        )
+        xmlWriter.newline()
+
+    def xmlRead(self, name, attrs, content, parent):
+        return (attrs["Registry"], attrs["Order"], safeEval(attrs["Supplement"]))
+
+
+topDictOperators = [
+    # 	opcode		name			argument type	default	converter
+    (25, "maxstack", "number", None, None),
+    ((12, 30), "ROS", ("SID", "SID", "number"), None, ROSConverter()),
+    ((12, 20), "SyntheticBase", "number", None, None),
+    (0, "version", "SID", None, None),
+    (1, "Notice", "SID", None, Latin1Converter()),
+    ((12, 0), "Copyright", "SID", None, Latin1Converter()),
+    (2, "FullName", "SID", None, Latin1Converter()),
+    ((12, 38), "FontName", "SID", None, Latin1Converter()),
+    (3, "FamilyName", "SID", None, Latin1Converter()),
+    (4, "Weight", "SID", None, None),
+    ((12, 1), "isFixedPitch", "number", 0, None),
+    ((12, 2), "ItalicAngle", "number", 0, None),
+    ((12, 3), "UnderlinePosition", "number", -100, None),
+    ((12, 4), "UnderlineThickness", "number", 50, None),
+    ((12, 5), "PaintType", "number", 0, None),
+    ((12, 6), "CharstringType", "number", 2, None),
+    ((12, 7), "FontMatrix", "array", [0.001, 0, 0, 0.001, 0, 0], None),
+    (13, "UniqueID", "number", None, None),
+    (5, "FontBBox", "array", [0, 0, 0, 0], None),
+    ((12, 8), "StrokeWidth", "number", 0, None),
+    (14, "XUID", "array", None, None),
+    ((12, 21), "PostScript", "SID", None, None),
+    ((12, 22), "BaseFontName", "SID", None, None),
+    ((12, 23), "BaseFontBlend", "delta", None, None),
+    ((12, 31), "CIDFontVersion", "number", 0, None),
+    ((12, 32), "CIDFontRevision", "number", 0, None),
+    ((12, 33), "CIDFontType", "number", 0, None),
+    ((12, 34), "CIDCount", "number", 8720, None),
+    (15, "charset", "number", None, CharsetConverter()),
+    ((12, 35), "UIDBase", "number", None, None),
+    (16, "Encoding", "number", 0, EncodingConverter()),
+    (18, "Private", ("number", "number"), None, PrivateDictConverter()),
+    ((12, 37), "FDSelect", "number", None, FDSelectConverter()),
+    ((12, 36), "FDArray", "number", None, FDArrayConverter()),
+    (17, "CharStrings", "number", None, CharStringsConverter()),
+    (24, "VarStore", "number", None, VarStoreConverter()),
+]
+
+topDictOperators2 = [
+    # 	opcode		name			argument type	default	converter
+    (25, "maxstack", "number", None, None),
+    ((12, 7), "FontMatrix", "array", [0.001, 0, 0, 0.001, 0, 0], None),
+    ((12, 37), "FDSelect", "number", None, FDSelectConverter()),
+    ((12, 36), "FDArray", "number", None, FDArrayConverter()),
+    (17, "CharStrings", "number", None, CharStringsConverter()),
+    (24, "VarStore", "number", None, VarStoreConverter()),
+]
+
+# Note! FDSelect and FDArray must both preceed CharStrings in the output XML build order,
+# in order for the font to compile back from xml.
+
+kBlendDictOpName = "blend"
+blendOp = 23
+
+privateDictOperators = [
+    # 	opcode		name			argument type	default	converter
+    (22, "vsindex", "number", None, None),
+    (
+        blendOp,
+        kBlendDictOpName,
+        "blendList",
+        None,
+        None,
+    ),  # This is for reading to/from XML: it not written to CFF.
+    (6, "BlueValues", "delta", None, None),
+    (7, "OtherBlues", "delta", None, None),
+    (8, "FamilyBlues", "delta", None, None),
+    (9, "FamilyOtherBlues", "delta", None, None),
+    ((12, 9), "BlueScale", "number", 0.039625, None),
+    ((12, 10), "BlueShift", "number", 7, None),
+    ((12, 11), "BlueFuzz", "number", 1, None),
+    (10, "StdHW", "number", None, None),
+    (11, "StdVW", "number", None, None),
+    ((12, 12), "StemSnapH", "delta", None, None),
+    ((12, 13), "StemSnapV", "delta", None, None),
+    ((12, 14), "ForceBold", "number", 0, None),
+    ((12, 15), "ForceBoldThreshold", "number", None, None),  # deprecated
+    ((12, 16), "lenIV", "number", None, None),  # deprecated
+    ((12, 17), "LanguageGroup", "number", 0, None),
+    ((12, 18), "ExpansionFactor", "number", 0.06, None),
+    ((12, 19), "initialRandomSeed", "number", 0, None),
+    (20, "defaultWidthX", "number", 0, None),
+    (21, "nominalWidthX", "number", 0, None),
+    (19, "Subrs", "number", None, SubrsConverter()),
+]
+
+privateDictOperators2 = [
+    # 	opcode		name			argument type	default	converter
+    (22, "vsindex", "number", None, None),
+    (
+        blendOp,
+        kBlendDictOpName,
+        "blendList",
+        None,
+        None,
+    ),  # This is for reading to/from XML: it not written to CFF.
+    (6, "BlueValues", "delta", None, None),
+    (7, "OtherBlues", "delta", None, None),
+    (8, "FamilyBlues", "delta", None, None),
+    (9, "FamilyOtherBlues", "delta", None, None),
+    ((12, 9), "BlueScale", "number", 0.039625, None),
+    ((12, 10), "BlueShift", "number", 7, None),
+    ((12, 11), "BlueFuzz", "number", 1, None),
+    (10, "StdHW", "number", None, None),
+    (11, "StdVW", "number", None, None),
+    ((12, 12), "StemSnapH", "delta", None, None),
+    ((12, 13), "StemSnapV", "delta", None, None),
+    ((12, 17), "LanguageGroup", "number", 0, None),
+    ((12, 18), "ExpansionFactor", "number", 0.06, None),
+    (19, "Subrs", "number", None, SubrsConverter()),
+]
+
+
+def addConverters(table):
+    for i in range(len(table)):
+        op, name, arg, default, conv = table[i]
+        if conv is not None:
+            continue
+        if arg in ("delta", "array"):
+            conv = ArrayConverter()
+        elif arg == "number":
+            conv = NumberConverter()
+        elif arg == "SID":
+            conv = ASCIIConverter()
+        elif arg == "blendList":
+            conv = None
+        else:
+            assert False
+        table[i] = op, name, arg, default, conv
+
+
+addConverters(privateDictOperators)
+addConverters(topDictOperators)
+
+
+class TopDictDecompiler(psCharStrings.DictDecompiler):
+    operators = buildOperatorDict(topDictOperators)
+
+
+class PrivateDictDecompiler(psCharStrings.DictDecompiler):
+    operators = buildOperatorDict(privateDictOperators)
+
+
+class DictCompiler(object):
+    maxBlendStack = 0
+
+    def __init__(self, dictObj, strings, parent, isCFF2=None):
+        if strings:
+            assert isinstance(strings, IndexedStrings)
+        if isCFF2 is None and hasattr(parent, "isCFF2"):
+            isCFF2 = parent.isCFF2
+            assert isCFF2 is not None
+        self.isCFF2 = isCFF2
+        self.dictObj = dictObj
+        self.strings = strings
+        self.parent = parent
+        rawDict = {}
+        for name in dictObj.order:
+            value = getattr(dictObj, name, None)
+            if value is None:
+                continue
+            conv = dictObj.converters[name]
+            value = conv.write(dictObj, value)
+            if value == dictObj.defaults.get(name):
+                continue
+            rawDict[name] = value
+        self.rawDict = rawDict
+
+    def setPos(self, pos, endPos):
+        pass
+
+    def getDataLength(self):
+        return len(self.compile("getDataLength"))
+
+    def compile(self, reason):
+        log.log(DEBUG, "-- compiling %s for %s", self.__class__.__name__, reason)
+        rawDict = self.rawDict
+        data = []
+        for name in self.dictObj.order:
+            value = rawDict.get(name)
+            if value is None:
+                continue
+            op, argType = self.opcodes[name]
+            if isinstance(argType, tuple):
+                l = len(argType)
+                assert len(value) == l, "value doesn't match arg type"
+                for i in range(l):
+                    arg = argType[i]
+                    v = value[i]
+                    arghandler = getattr(self, "arg_" + arg)
+                    data.append(arghandler(v))
+            else:
+                arghandler = getattr(self, "arg_" + argType)
+                data.append(arghandler(value))
+            data.append(op)
+        data = bytesjoin(data)
+        return data
+
+    def toFile(self, file):
+        data = self.compile("toFile")
+        file.write(data)
+
+    def arg_number(self, num):
+        if isinstance(num, list):
+            data = [encodeNumber(val) for val in num]
+            data.append(encodeNumber(1))
+            data.append(bytechr(blendOp))
+            datum = bytesjoin(data)
+        else:
+            datum = encodeNumber(num)
+        return datum
+
+    def arg_SID(self, s):
+        return psCharStrings.encodeIntCFF(self.strings.getSID(s))
+
+    def arg_array(self, value):
+        data = []
+        for num in value:
+            data.append(self.arg_number(num))
+        return bytesjoin(data)
+
+    def arg_delta(self, value):
+        if not value:
+            return b""
+        val0 = value[0]
+        if isinstance(val0, list):
+            data = self.arg_delta_blend(value)
+        else:
+            out = []
+            last = 0
+            for v in value:
+                out.append(v - last)
+                last = v
+            data = []
+            for num in out:
+                data.append(encodeNumber(num))
+        return bytesjoin(data)
+
+    def arg_delta_blend(self, value):
+        """A delta list with blend lists has to be *all* blend lists.
+
+        The value is a list is arranged as follows::
+
+                [
+                        [V0, d0..dn]
+                        [V1, d0..dn]
+                        ...
+                        [Vm, d0..dn]
+                ]
+
+        ``V`` is the absolute coordinate value from the default font, and ``d0-dn``
+        are the delta values from the *n* regions. Each ``V`` is an absolute
+        coordinate from the default font.
+
+        We want to return a list::
+
+                [
+                        [v0, v1..vm]
+                        [d0..dn]
+                        ...
+                        [d0..dn]
+                        numBlends
+                        blendOp
+                ]
+
+        where each ``v`` is relative to the previous default font value.
+        """
+        numMasters = len(value[0])
+        numBlends = len(value)
+        numStack = (numBlends * numMasters) + 1
+        if numStack > self.maxBlendStack:
+            # Figure out the max number of value we can blend
+            # and divide this list up into chunks of that size.
+
+            numBlendValues = int((self.maxBlendStack - 1) / numMasters)
+            out = []
+            while True:
+                numVal = min(len(value), numBlendValues)
+                if numVal == 0:
+                    break
+                valList = value[0:numVal]
+                out1 = self.arg_delta_blend(valList)
+                out.extend(out1)
+                value = value[numVal:]
+        else:
+            firstList = [0] * numBlends
+            deltaList = [None] * numBlends
+            i = 0
+            prevVal = 0
+            while i < numBlends:
+                # For PrivateDict BlueValues, the default font
+                # values are absolute, not relative.
+                # Must convert these back to relative coordinates
+                # before writing to CFF2.
+                defaultValue = value[i][0]
+                firstList[i] = defaultValue - prevVal
+                prevVal = defaultValue
+                deltaList[i] = value[i][1:]
+                i += 1
+
+            relValueList = firstList
+            for blendList in deltaList:
+                relValueList.extend(blendList)
+            out = [encodeNumber(val) for val in relValueList]
+            out.append(encodeNumber(numBlends))
+            out.append(bytechr(blendOp))
+        return out
+
+
+def encodeNumber(num):
+    if isinstance(num, float):
+        return psCharStrings.encodeFloat(num)
+    else:
+        return psCharStrings.encodeIntCFF(num)
+
+
+class TopDictCompiler(DictCompiler):
+    opcodes = buildOpcodeDict(topDictOperators)
+
+    def getChildren(self, strings):
+        isCFF2 = self.isCFF2
+        children = []
+        if self.dictObj.cff2GetGlyphOrder is None:
+            if hasattr(self.dictObj, "charset") and self.dictObj.charset:
+                if hasattr(self.dictObj, "ROS"):  # aka isCID
+                    charsetCode = None
+                else:
+                    charsetCode = getStdCharSet(self.dictObj.charset)
+                if charsetCode is None:
+                    children.append(
+                        CharsetCompiler(strings, self.dictObj.charset, self)
+                    )
+                else:
+                    self.rawDict["charset"] = charsetCode
+            if hasattr(self.dictObj, "Encoding") and self.dictObj.Encoding:
+                encoding = self.dictObj.Encoding
+                if not isinstance(encoding, str):
+                    children.append(EncodingCompiler(strings, encoding, self))
+        else:
+            if hasattr(self.dictObj, "VarStore"):
+                varStoreData = self.dictObj.VarStore
+                varStoreComp = VarStoreCompiler(varStoreData, self)
+                children.append(varStoreComp)
+        if hasattr(self.dictObj, "FDSelect"):
+            # I have not yet supported merging a ttx CFF-CID font, as there are
+            # interesting issues about merging the FDArrays. Here I assume that
+            # either the font was read from XML, and the FDSelect indices are all
+            # in the charstring data, or the FDSelect array is already fully defined.
+            fdSelect = self.dictObj.FDSelect
+            # probably read in from XML; assume fdIndex in CharString data
+            if len(fdSelect) == 0:
+                charStrings = self.dictObj.CharStrings
+                for name in self.dictObj.charset:
+                    fdSelect.append(charStrings[name].fdSelectIndex)
+            fdSelectComp = FDSelectCompiler(fdSelect, self)
+            children.append(fdSelectComp)
+        if hasattr(self.dictObj, "CharStrings"):
+            items = []
+            charStrings = self.dictObj.CharStrings
+            for name in self.dictObj.charset:
+                items.append(charStrings[name])
+            charStringsComp = CharStringsCompiler(items, strings, self, isCFF2=isCFF2)
+            children.append(charStringsComp)
+        if hasattr(self.dictObj, "FDArray"):
+            # I have not yet supported merging a ttx CFF-CID font, as there are
+            # interesting issues about merging the FDArrays. Here I assume that the
+            # FDArray info is correct and complete.
+            fdArrayIndexComp = self.dictObj.FDArray.getCompiler(strings, self)
+            children.append(fdArrayIndexComp)
+            children.extend(fdArrayIndexComp.getChildren(strings))
+        if hasattr(self.dictObj, "Private"):
+            privComp = self.dictObj.Private.getCompiler(strings, self)
+            children.append(privComp)
+            children.extend(privComp.getChildren(strings))
+        return children
+
+
+class FontDictCompiler(DictCompiler):
+    opcodes = buildOpcodeDict(topDictOperators)
+
+    def __init__(self, dictObj, strings, parent, isCFF2=None):
+        super(FontDictCompiler, self).__init__(dictObj, strings, parent, isCFF2=isCFF2)
+        #
+        # We now take some effort to detect if there were any key/value pairs
+        # supplied that were ignored in the FontDict context, and issue a warning
+        # for those cases.
+        #
+        ignoredNames = []
+        dictObj = self.dictObj
+        for name in sorted(set(dictObj.converters) - set(dictObj.order)):
+            if name in dictObj.rawDict:
+                # The font was directly read from binary. In this
+                # case, we want to report *all* "useless" key/value
+                # pairs that are in the font, not just the ones that
+                # are different from the default.
+                ignoredNames.append(name)
+            else:
+                # The font was probably read from a TTX file. We only
+                # warn about keys whos value is not the default. The
+                # ones that have the default value will not be written
+                # to binary anyway.
+                default = dictObj.defaults.get(name)
+                if default is not None:
+                    conv = dictObj.converters[name]
+                    default = conv.read(dictObj, default)
+                if getattr(dictObj, name, None) != default:
+                    ignoredNames.append(name)
+        if ignoredNames:
+            log.warning(
+                "Some CFF FDArray/FontDict keys were ignored upon compile: "
+                + " ".join(sorted(ignoredNames))
+            )
+
+    def getChildren(self, strings):
+        children = []
+        if hasattr(self.dictObj, "Private"):
+            privComp = self.dictObj.Private.getCompiler(strings, self)
+            children.append(privComp)
+            children.extend(privComp.getChildren(strings))
+        return children
+
+
+class PrivateDictCompiler(DictCompiler):
+    maxBlendStack = maxStackLimit
+    opcodes = buildOpcodeDict(privateDictOperators)
+
+    def setPos(self, pos, endPos):
+        size = endPos - pos
+        self.parent.rawDict["Private"] = size, pos
+        self.pos = pos
+
+    def getChildren(self, strings):
+        children = []
+        if hasattr(self.dictObj, "Subrs"):
+            children.append(self.dictObj.Subrs.getCompiler(strings, self))
+        return children
+
+
+class BaseDict(object):
+    def __init__(self, strings=None, file=None, offset=None, isCFF2=None):
+        assert (isCFF2 is None) == (file is None)
+        self.rawDict = {}
+        self.skipNames = []
+        self.strings = strings
+        if file is None:
+            return
+        self._isCFF2 = isCFF2
+        self.file = file
+        if offset is not None:
+            log.log(DEBUG, "loading %s at %s", self.__class__.__name__, offset)
+            self.offset = offset
+
+    def decompile(self, data):
+        log.log(DEBUG, "    length %s is %d", self.__class__.__name__, len(data))
+        dec = self.decompilerClass(self.strings, self)
+        dec.decompile(data)
+        self.rawDict = dec.getDict()
+        self.postDecompile()
+
+    def postDecompile(self):
+        pass
+
+    def getCompiler(self, strings, parent, isCFF2=None):
+        return self.compilerClass(self, strings, parent, isCFF2=isCFF2)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        if name[:2] == name[-2:] == "__":
+            # to make deepcopy() and pickle.load() work, we need to signal with
+            # AttributeError that dunder methods like '__deepcopy__' or '__getstate__'
+            # aren't implemented. For more details, see:
+            # https://github.com/fonttools/fonttools/pull/1488
+            raise AttributeError(name)
+        value = self.rawDict.get(name, None)
+        if value is None:
+            value = self.defaults.get(name)
+        if value is None:
+            raise AttributeError(name)
+        conv = self.converters[name]
+        value = conv.read(self, value)
+        setattr(self, name, value)
+        return value
+
+    def toXML(self, xmlWriter):
+        for name in self.order:
+            if name in self.skipNames:
+                continue
+            value = getattr(self, name, None)
+            # XXX For "charset" we never skip calling xmlWrite even if the
+            # value is None, so we always write the following XML comment:
+            #
+            # <!-- charset is dumped separately as the 'GlyphOrder' element -->
+            #
+            # Charset is None when 'CFF ' table is imported from XML into an
+            # empty TTFont(). By writing this comment all the time, we obtain
+            # the same XML output whether roundtripping XML-to-XML or
+            # dumping binary-to-XML
+            if value is None and name != "charset":
+                continue
+            conv = self.converters[name]
+            conv.xmlWrite(xmlWriter, name, value)
+        ignoredNames = set(self.rawDict) - set(self.order)
+        if ignoredNames:
+            xmlWriter.comment(
+                "some keys were ignored: %s" % " ".join(sorted(ignoredNames))
+            )
+            xmlWriter.newline()
+
+    def fromXML(self, name, attrs, content):
+        conv = self.converters[name]
+        value = conv.xmlRead(name, attrs, content, self)
+        setattr(self, name, value)
+
+
+class TopDict(BaseDict):
+    """The ``TopDict`` represents the top-level dictionary holding font
+    information. CFF2 tables contain a restricted set of top-level entries
+    as described `here <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/opentype/spec/cff2#7-top-dict-data>`_,
+    but CFF tables may contain a wider range of information. This information
+    can be accessed through attributes or through the dictionary returned
+    through the ``rawDict`` property:
+
+    .. code:: python
+
+            font = tt["CFF "].cff[0]
+            font.FamilyName
+            # 'Linux Libertine O'
+            font.rawDict["FamilyName"]
+            # 'Linux Libertine O'
+
+    More information is available in the CFF file's private dictionary, accessed
+    via the ``Private`` property:
+
+    .. code:: python
+
+            tt["CFF "].cff[0].Private.BlueValues
+            # [-15, 0, 515, 515, 666, 666]
+
+    """
+
+    defaults = buildDefaults(topDictOperators)
+    converters = buildConverters(topDictOperators)
+    compilerClass = TopDictCompiler
+    order = buildOrder(topDictOperators)
+    decompilerClass = TopDictDecompiler
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        strings=None,
+        file=None,
+        offset=None,
+        GlobalSubrs=None,
+        cff2GetGlyphOrder=None,
+        isCFF2=None,
+    ):
+        super(TopDict, self).__init__(strings, file, offset, isCFF2=isCFF2)
+        self.cff2GetGlyphOrder = cff2GetGlyphOrder
+        self.GlobalSubrs = GlobalSubrs
+        if isCFF2:
+            self.defaults = buildDefaults(topDictOperators2)
+            self.charset = cff2GetGlyphOrder()
+            self.order = buildOrder(topDictOperators2)
+        else:
+            self.defaults = buildDefaults(topDictOperators)
+            self.order = buildOrder(topDictOperators)
+
+    def getGlyphOrder(self):
+        """Returns a list of glyph names in the CFF font."""
+        return self.charset
+
+    def postDecompile(self):
+        offset = self.rawDict.get("CharStrings")
+        if offset is None:
+            return
+        # get the number of glyphs beforehand.
+        self.file.seek(offset)
+        if self._isCFF2:
+            self.numGlyphs = readCard32(self.file)
+        else:
+            self.numGlyphs = readCard16(self.file)
+
+    def toXML(self, xmlWriter):
+        if hasattr(self, "CharStrings"):
+            self.decompileAllCharStrings()
+        if hasattr(self, "ROS"):
+            self.skipNames = ["Encoding"]
+        if not hasattr(self, "ROS") or not hasattr(self, "CharStrings"):
+            # these values have default values, but I only want them to show up
+            # in CID fonts.
+            self.skipNames = [
+                "CIDFontVersion",
+                "CIDFontRevision",
+                "CIDFontType",
+                "CIDCount",
+            ]
+        BaseDict.toXML(self, xmlWriter)
+
+    def decompileAllCharStrings(self):
+        # Make sure that all the Private Dicts have been instantiated.
+        for i, charString in enumerate(self.CharStrings.values()):
+            try:
+                charString.decompile()
+            except:
+                log.error("Error in charstring %s", i)
+                raise
+
+    def recalcFontBBox(self):
+        fontBBox = None
+        for charString in self.CharStrings.values():
+            bounds = charString.calcBounds(self.CharStrings)
+            if bounds is not None:
+                if fontBBox is not None:
+                    fontBBox = unionRect(fontBBox, bounds)
+                else:
+                    fontBBox = bounds
+
+        if fontBBox is None:
+            self.FontBBox = self.defaults["FontBBox"][:]
+        else:
+            self.FontBBox = list(intRect(fontBBox))
+
+
+class FontDict(BaseDict):
+    #
+    # Since fonttools used to pass a lot of fields that are not relevant in the FDArray
+    # FontDict, there are 'ttx' files in the wild that contain all these. These got in
+    # the ttx files because fonttools writes explicit values for all the TopDict default
+    # values. These are not actually illegal in the context of an FDArray FontDict - you
+    # can legally, per spec, put any arbitrary key/value pair in a FontDict - but are
+    # useless since current major company CFF interpreters ignore anything but the set
+    # listed in this file. So, we just silently skip them. An exception is Weight: this
+    # is not used by any interpreter, but some foundries have asked that this be
+    # supported in FDArray FontDicts just to preserve information about the design when
+    # the font is being inspected.
+    #
+    # On top of that, there are fonts out there that contain such useless FontDict values.
+    #
+    # By subclassing TopDict, we *allow* all key/values from TopDict, both when reading
+    # from binary or when reading from XML, but by overriding `order` with a limited
+    # list of names, we ensure that only the useful names ever get exported to XML and
+    # ever get compiled into the binary font.
+    #
+    # We override compilerClass so we can warn about "useless" key/value pairs, either
+    # from the original binary font or from TTX input.
+    #
+    # See:
+    # - https://github.com/fonttools/fonttools/issues/740
+    # - https://github.com/fonttools/fonttools/issues/601
+    # - https://github.com/adobe-type-tools/afdko/issues/137
+    #
+    defaults = {}
+    converters = buildConverters(topDictOperators)
+    compilerClass = FontDictCompiler
+    orderCFF = ["FontName", "FontMatrix", "Weight", "Private"]
+    orderCFF2 = ["Private"]
+    decompilerClass = TopDictDecompiler
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        strings=None,
+        file=None,
+        offset=None,
+        GlobalSubrs=None,
+        isCFF2=None,
+        vstore=None,
+    ):
+        super(FontDict, self).__init__(strings, file, offset, isCFF2=isCFF2)
+        self.vstore = vstore
+        self.setCFF2(isCFF2)
+
+    def setCFF2(self, isCFF2):
+        # isCFF2 may be None.
+        if isCFF2:
+            self.order = self.orderCFF2
+            self._isCFF2 = True
+        else:
+            self.order = self.orderCFF
+            self._isCFF2 = False
+
+
+class PrivateDict(BaseDict):
+    defaults = buildDefaults(privateDictOperators)
+    converters = buildConverters(privateDictOperators)
+    order = buildOrder(privateDictOperators)
+    decompilerClass = PrivateDictDecompiler
+    compilerClass = PrivateDictCompiler
+
+    def __init__(self, strings=None, file=None, offset=None, isCFF2=None, vstore=None):
+        super(PrivateDict, self).__init__(strings, file, offset, isCFF2=isCFF2)
+        self.vstore = vstore
+        if isCFF2:
+            self.defaults = buildDefaults(privateDictOperators2)
+            self.order = buildOrder(privateDictOperators2)
+            # Provide dummy values. This avoids needing to provide
+            # an isCFF2 state in a lot of places.
+            self.nominalWidthX = self.defaultWidthX = None
+            self._isCFF2 = True
+        else:
+            self.defaults = buildDefaults(privateDictOperators)
+            self.order = buildOrder(privateDictOperators)
+            self._isCFF2 = False
+
+    @property
+    def in_cff2(self):
+        return self._isCFF2
+
+    def getNumRegions(self, vi=None):  # called from misc/psCharStrings.py
+        # if getNumRegions is being called, we can assume that VarStore exists.
+        if vi is None:
+            if hasattr(self, "vsindex"):
+                vi = self.vsindex
+            else:
+                vi = 0
+        numRegions = self.vstore.getNumRegions(vi)
+        return numRegions
+
+
+class IndexedStrings(object):
+    """SID -> string mapping."""
+
+    def __init__(self, file=None):
+        if file is None:
+            strings = []
+        else:
+            strings = [tostr(s, encoding="latin1") for s in Index(file, isCFF2=False)]
+        self.strings = strings
+
+    def getCompiler(self):
+        return IndexedStringsCompiler(self, None, self, isCFF2=False)
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self.strings)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, SID):
+        if SID < cffStandardStringCount:
+            return cffStandardStrings[SID]
+        else:
+            return self.strings[SID - cffStandardStringCount]
+
+    def getSID(self, s):
+        if not hasattr(self, "stringMapping"):
+            self.buildStringMapping()
+        s = tostr(s, encoding="latin1")
+        if s in cffStandardStringMapping:
+            SID = cffStandardStringMapping[s]
+        elif s in self.stringMapping:
+            SID = self.stringMapping[s]
+        else:
+            SID = len(self.strings) + cffStandardStringCount
+            self.strings.append(s)
+            self.stringMapping[s] = SID
+        return SID
+
+    def getStrings(self):
+        return self.strings
+
+    def buildStringMapping(self):
+        self.stringMapping = {}
+        for index in range(len(self.strings)):
+            self.stringMapping[self.strings[index]] = index + cffStandardStringCount
+
+
+# The 391 Standard Strings as used in the CFF format.
+# from Adobe Technical None #5176, version 1.0, 18 March 1998
+
+cffStandardStrings = [
+    ".notdef",
+    "space",
+    "exclam",
+    "quotedbl",
+    "numbersign",
+    "dollar",
+    "percent",
+    "ampersand",
+    "quoteright",
+    "parenleft",
+    "parenright",
+    "asterisk",
+    "plus",
+    "comma",
+    "hyphen",
+    "period",
+    "slash",
+    "zero",
+    "one",
+    "two",
+    "three",
+    "four",
+    "five",
+    "six",
+    "seven",
+    "eight",
+    "nine",
+    "colon",
+    "semicolon",
+    "less",
+    "equal",
+    "greater",
+    "question",
+    "at",
+    "A",
+    "B",
+    "C",
+    "D",
+    "E",
+    "F",
+    "G",
+    "H",
+    "I",
+    "J",
+    "K",
+    "L",
+    "M",
+    "N",
+    "O",
+    "P",
+    "Q",
+    "R",
+    "S",
+    "T",
+    "U",
+    "V",
+    "W",
+    "X",
+    "Y",
+    "Z",
+    "bracketleft",
+    "backslash",
+    "bracketright",
+    "asciicircum",
+    "underscore",
+    "quoteleft",
+    "a",
+    "b",
+    "c",
+    "d",
+    "e",
+    "f",
+    "g",
+    "h",
+    "i",
+    "j",
+    "k",
+    "l",
+    "m",
+    "n",
+    "o",
+    "p",
+    "q",
+    "r",
+    "s",
+    "t",
+    "u",
+    "v",
+    "w",
+    "x",
+    "y",
+    "z",
+    "braceleft",
+    "bar",
+    "braceright",
+    "asciitilde",
+    "exclamdown",
+    "cent",
+    "sterling",
+    "fraction",
+    "yen",
+    "florin",
+    "section",
+    "currency",
+    "quotesingle",
+    "quotedblleft",
+    "guillemotleft",
+    "guilsinglleft",
+    "guilsinglright",
+    "fi",
+    "fl",
+    "endash",
+    "dagger",
+    "daggerdbl",
+    "periodcentered",
+    "paragraph",
+    "bullet",
+    "quotesinglbase",
+    "quotedblbase",
+    "quotedblright",
+    "guillemotright",
+    "ellipsis",
+    "perthousand",
+    "questiondown",
+    "grave",
+    "acute",
+    "circumflex",
+    "tilde",
+    "macron",
+    "breve",
+    "dotaccent",
+    "dieresis",
+    "ring",
+    "cedilla",
+    "hungarumlaut",
+    "ogonek",
+    "caron",
+    "emdash",
+    "AE",
+    "ordfeminine",
+    "Lslash",
+    "Oslash",
+    "OE",
+    "ordmasculine",
+    "ae",
+    "dotlessi",
+    "lslash",
+    "oslash",
+    "oe",
+    "germandbls",
+    "onesuperior",
+    "logicalnot",
+    "mu",
+    "trademark",
+    "Eth",
+    "onehalf",
+    "plusminus",
+    "Thorn",
+    "onequarter",
+    "divide",
+    "brokenbar",
+    "degree",
+    "thorn",
+    "threequarters",
+    "twosuperior",
+    "registered",
+    "minus",
+    "eth",
+    "multiply",
+    "threesuperior",
+    "copyright",
+    "Aacute",
+    "Acircumflex",
+    "Adieresis",
+    "Agrave",
+    "Aring",
+    "Atilde",
+    "Ccedilla",
+    "Eacute",
+    "Ecircumflex",
+    "Edieresis",
+    "Egrave",
+    "Iacute",
+    "Icircumflex",
+    "Idieresis",
+    "Igrave",
+    "Ntilde",
+    "Oacute",
+    "Ocircumflex",
+    "Odieresis",
+    "Ograve",
+    "Otilde",
+    "Scaron",
+    "Uacute",
+    "Ucircumflex",
+    "Udieresis",
+    "Ugrave",
+    "Yacute",
+    "Ydieresis",
+    "Zcaron",
+    "aacute",
+    "acircumflex",
+    "adieresis",
+    "agrave",
+    "aring",
+    "atilde",
+    "ccedilla",
+    "eacute",
+    "ecircumflex",
+    "edieresis",
+    "egrave",
+    "iacute",
+    "icircumflex",
+    "idieresis",
+    "igrave",
+    "ntilde",
+    "oacute",
+    "ocircumflex",
+    "odieresis",
+    "ograve",
+    "otilde",
+    "scaron",
+    "uacute",
+    "ucircumflex",
+    "udieresis",
+    "ugrave",
+    "yacute",
+    "ydieresis",
+    "zcaron",
+    "exclamsmall",
+    "Hungarumlautsmall",
+    "dollaroldstyle",
+    "dollarsuperior",
+    "ampersandsmall",
+    "Acutesmall",
+    "parenleftsuperior",
+    "parenrightsuperior",
+    "twodotenleader",
+    "onedotenleader",
+    "zerooldstyle",
+    "oneoldstyle",
+    "twooldstyle",
+    "threeoldstyle",
+    "fouroldstyle",
+    "fiveoldstyle",
+    "sixoldstyle",
+    "sevenoldstyle",
+    "eightoldstyle",
+    "nineoldstyle",
+    "commasuperior",
+    "threequartersemdash",
+    "periodsuperior",
+    "questionsmall",
+    "asuperior",
+    "bsuperior",
+    "centsuperior",
+    "dsuperior",
+    "esuperior",
+    "isuperior",
+    "lsuperior",
+    "msuperior",
+    "nsuperior",
+    "osuperior",
+    "rsuperior",
+    "ssuperior",
+    "tsuperior",
+    "ff",
+    "ffi",
+    "ffl",
+    "parenleftinferior",
+    "parenrightinferior",
+    "Circumflexsmall",
+    "hyphensuperior",
+    "Gravesmall",
+    "Asmall",
+    "Bsmall",
+    "Csmall",
+    "Dsmall",
+    "Esmall",
+    "Fsmall",
+    "Gsmall",
+    "Hsmall",
+    "Ismall",
+    "Jsmall",
+    "Ksmall",
+    "Lsmall",
+    "Msmall",
+    "Nsmall",
+    "Osmall",
+    "Psmall",
+    "Qsmall",
+    "Rsmall",
+    "Ssmall",
+    "Tsmall",
+    "Usmall",
+    "Vsmall",
+    "Wsmall",
+    "Xsmall",
+    "Ysmall",
+    "Zsmall",
+    "colonmonetary",
+    "onefitted",
+    "rupiah",
+    "Tildesmall",
+    "exclamdownsmall",
+    "centoldstyle",
+    "Lslashsmall",
+    "Scaronsmall",
+    "Zcaronsmall",
+    "Dieresissmall",
+    "Brevesmall",
+    "Caronsmall",
+    "Dotaccentsmall",
+    "Macronsmall",
+    "figuredash",
+    "hypheninferior",
+    "Ogoneksmall",
+    "Ringsmall",
+    "Cedillasmall",
+    "questiondownsmall",
+    "oneeighth",
+    "threeeighths",
+    "fiveeighths",
+    "seveneighths",
+    "onethird",
+    "twothirds",
+    "zerosuperior",
+    "foursuperior",
+    "fivesuperior",
+    "sixsuperior",
+    "sevensuperior",
+    "eightsuperior",
+    "ninesuperior",
+    "zeroinferior",
+    "oneinferior",
+    "twoinferior",
+    "threeinferior",
+    "fourinferior",
+    "fiveinferior",
+    "sixinferior",
+    "seveninferior",
+    "eightinferior",
+    "nineinferior",
+    "centinferior",
+    "dollarinferior",
+    "periodinferior",
+    "commainferior",
+    "Agravesmall",
+    "Aacutesmall",
+    "Acircumflexsmall",
+    "Atildesmall",
+    "Adieresissmall",
+    "Aringsmall",
+    "AEsmall",
+    "Ccedillasmall",
+    "Egravesmall",
+    "Eacutesmall",
+    "Ecircumflexsmall",
+    "Edieresissmall",
+    "Igravesmall",
+    "Iacutesmall",
+    "Icircumflexsmall",
+    "Idieresissmall",
+    "Ethsmall",
+    "Ntildesmall",
+    "Ogravesmall",
+    "Oacutesmall",
+    "Ocircumflexsmall",
+    "Otildesmall",
+    "Odieresissmall",
+    "OEsmall",
+    "Oslashsmall",
+    "Ugravesmall",
+    "Uacutesmall",
+    "Ucircumflexsmall",
+    "Udieresissmall",
+    "Yacutesmall",
+    "Thornsmall",
+    "Ydieresissmall",
+    "001.000",
+    "001.001",
+    "001.002",
+    "001.003",
+    "Black",
+    "Bold",
+    "Book",
+    "Light",
+    "Medium",
+    "Regular",
+    "Roman",
+    "Semibold",
+]
+
+cffStandardStringCount = 391
+assert len(cffStandardStrings) == cffStandardStringCount
+# build reverse mapping
+cffStandardStringMapping = {}
+for _i in range(cffStandardStringCount):
+    cffStandardStringMapping[cffStandardStrings[_i]] = _i
+
+cffISOAdobeStrings = [
+    ".notdef",
+    "space",
+    "exclam",
+    "quotedbl",
+    "numbersign",
+    "dollar",
+    "percent",
+    "ampersand",
+    "quoteright",
+    "parenleft",
+    "parenright",
+    "asterisk",
+    "plus",
+    "comma",
+    "hyphen",
+    "period",
+    "slash",
+    "zero",
+    "one",
+    "two",
+    "three",
+    "four",
+    "five",
+    "six",
+    "seven",
+    "eight",
+    "nine",
+    "colon",
+    "semicolon",
+    "less",
+    "equal",
+    "greater",
+    "question",
+    "at",
+    "A",
+    "B",
+    "C",
+    "D",
+    "E",
+    "F",
+    "G",
+    "H",
+    "I",
+    "J",
+    "K",
+    "L",
+    "M",
+    "N",
+    "O",
+    "P",
+    "Q",
+    "R",
+    "S",
+    "T",
+    "U",
+    "V",
+    "W",
+    "X",
+    "Y",
+    "Z",
+    "bracketleft",
+    "backslash",
+    "bracketright",
+    "asciicircum",
+    "underscore",
+    "quoteleft",
+    "a",
+    "b",
+    "c",
+    "d",
+    "e",
+    "f",
+    "g",
+    "h",
+    "i",
+    "j",
+    "k",
+    "l",
+    "m",
+    "n",
+    "o",
+    "p",
+    "q",
+    "r",
+    "s",
+    "t",
+    "u",
+    "v",
+    "w",
+    "x",
+    "y",
+    "z",
+    "braceleft",
+    "bar",
+    "braceright",
+    "asciitilde",
+    "exclamdown",
+    "cent",
+    "sterling",
+    "fraction",
+    "yen",
+    "florin",
+    "section",
+    "currency",
+    "quotesingle",
+    "quotedblleft",
+    "guillemotleft",
+    "guilsinglleft",
+    "guilsinglright",
+    "fi",
+    "fl",
+    "endash",
+    "dagger",
+    "daggerdbl",
+    "periodcentered",
+    "paragraph",
+    "bullet",
+    "quotesinglbase",
+    "quotedblbase",
+    "quotedblright",
+    "guillemotright",
+    "ellipsis",
+    "perthousand",
+    "questiondown",
+    "grave",
+    "acute",
+    "circumflex",
+    "tilde",
+    "macron",
+    "breve",
+    "dotaccent",
+    "dieresis",
+    "ring",
+    "cedilla",
+    "hungarumlaut",
+    "ogonek",
+    "caron",
+    "emdash",
+    "AE",
+    "ordfeminine",
+    "Lslash",
+    "Oslash",
+    "OE",
+    "ordmasculine",
+    "ae",
+    "dotlessi",
+    "lslash",
+    "oslash",
+    "oe",
+    "germandbls",
+    "onesuperior",
+    "logicalnot",
+    "mu",
+    "trademark",
+    "Eth",
+    "onehalf",
+    "plusminus",
+    "Thorn",
+    "onequarter",
+    "divide",
+    "brokenbar",
+    "degree",
+    "thorn",
+    "threequarters",
+    "twosuperior",
+    "registered",
+    "minus",
+    "eth",
+    "multiply",
+    "threesuperior",
+    "copyright",
+    "Aacute",
+    "Acircumflex",
+    "Adieresis",
+    "Agrave",
+    "Aring",
+    "Atilde",
+    "Ccedilla",
+    "Eacute",
+    "Ecircumflex",
+    "Edieresis",
+    "Egrave",
+    "Iacute",
+    "Icircumflex",
+    "Idieresis",
+    "Igrave",
+    "Ntilde",
+    "Oacute",
+    "Ocircumflex",
+    "Odieresis",
+    "Ograve",
+    "Otilde",
+    "Scaron",
+    "Uacute",
+    "Ucircumflex",
+    "Udieresis",
+    "Ugrave",
+    "Yacute",
+    "Ydieresis",
+    "Zcaron",
+    "aacute",
+    "acircumflex",
+    "adieresis",
+    "agrave",
+    "aring",
+    "atilde",
+    "ccedilla",
+    "eacute",
+    "ecircumflex",
+    "edieresis",
+    "egrave",
+    "iacute",
+    "icircumflex",
+    "idieresis",
+    "igrave",
+    "ntilde",
+    "oacute",
+    "ocircumflex",
+    "odieresis",
+    "ograve",
+    "otilde",
+    "scaron",
+    "uacute",
+    "ucircumflex",
+    "udieresis",
+    "ugrave",
+    "yacute",
+    "ydieresis",
+    "zcaron",
+]
+
+cffISOAdobeStringCount = 229
+assert len(cffISOAdobeStrings) == cffISOAdobeStringCount
+
+cffIExpertStrings = [
+    ".notdef",
+    "space",
+    "exclamsmall",
+    "Hungarumlautsmall",
+    "dollaroldstyle",
+    "dollarsuperior",
+    "ampersandsmall",
+    "Acutesmall",
+    "parenleftsuperior",
+    "parenrightsuperior",
+    "twodotenleader",
+    "onedotenleader",
+    "comma",
+    "hyphen",
+    "period",
+    "fraction",
+    "zerooldstyle",
+    "oneoldstyle",
+    "twooldstyle",
+    "threeoldstyle",
+    "fouroldstyle",
+    "fiveoldstyle",
+    "sixoldstyle",
+    "sevenoldstyle",
+    "eightoldstyle",
+    "nineoldstyle",
+    "colon",
+    "semicolon",
+    "commasuperior",
+    "threequartersemdash",
+    "periodsuperior",
+    "questionsmall",
+    "asuperior",
+    "bsuperior",
+    "centsuperior",
+    "dsuperior",
+    "esuperior",
+    "isuperior",
+    "lsuperior",
+    "msuperior",
+    "nsuperior",
+    "osuperior",
+    "rsuperior",
+    "ssuperior",
+    "tsuperior",
+    "ff",
+    "fi",
+    "fl",
+    "ffi",
+    "ffl",
+    "parenleftinferior",
+    "parenrightinferior",
+    "Circumflexsmall",
+    "hyphensuperior",
+    "Gravesmall",
+    "Asmall",
+    "Bsmall",
+    "Csmall",
+    "Dsmall",
+    "Esmall",
+    "Fsmall",
+    "Gsmall",
+    "Hsmall",
+    "Ismall",
+    "Jsmall",
+    "Ksmall",
+    "Lsmall",
+    "Msmall",
+    "Nsmall",
+    "Osmall",
+    "Psmall",
+    "Qsmall",
+    "Rsmall",
+    "Ssmall",
+    "Tsmall",
+    "Usmall",
+    "Vsmall",
+    "Wsmall",
+    "Xsmall",
+    "Ysmall",
+    "Zsmall",
+    "colonmonetary",
+    "onefitted",
+    "rupiah",
+    "Tildesmall",
+    "exclamdownsmall",
+    "centoldstyle",
+    "Lslashsmall",
+    "Scaronsmall",
+    "Zcaronsmall",
+    "Dieresissmall",
+    "Brevesmall",
+    "Caronsmall",
+    "Dotaccentsmall",
+    "Macronsmall",
+    "figuredash",
+    "hypheninferior",
+    "Ogoneksmall",
+    "Ringsmall",
+    "Cedillasmall",
+    "onequarter",
+    "onehalf",
+    "threequarters",
+    "questiondownsmall",
+    "oneeighth",
+    "threeeighths",
+    "fiveeighths",
+    "seveneighths",
+    "onethird",
+    "twothirds",
+    "zerosuperior",
+    "onesuperior",
+    "twosuperior",
+    "threesuperior",
+    "foursuperior",
+    "fivesuperior",
+    "sixsuperior",
+    "sevensuperior",
+    "eightsuperior",
+    "ninesuperior",
+    "zeroinferior",
+    "oneinferior",
+    "twoinferior",
+    "threeinferior",
+    "fourinferior",
+    "fiveinferior",
+    "sixinferior",
+    "seveninferior",
+    "eightinferior",
+    "nineinferior",
+    "centinferior",
+    "dollarinferior",
+    "periodinferior",
+    "commainferior",
+    "Agravesmall",
+    "Aacutesmall",
+    "Acircumflexsmall",
+    "Atildesmall",
+    "Adieresissmall",
+    "Aringsmall",
+    "AEsmall",
+    "Ccedillasmall",
+    "Egravesmall",
+    "Eacutesmall",
+    "Ecircumflexsmall",
+    "Edieresissmall",
+    "Igravesmall",
+    "Iacutesmall",
+    "Icircumflexsmall",
+    "Idieresissmall",
+    "Ethsmall",
+    "Ntildesmall",
+    "Ogravesmall",
+    "Oacutesmall",
+    "Ocircumflexsmall",
+    "Otildesmall",
+    "Odieresissmall",
+    "OEsmall",
+    "Oslashsmall",
+    "Ugravesmall",
+    "Uacutesmall",
+    "Ucircumflexsmall",
+    "Udieresissmall",
+    "Yacutesmall",
+    "Thornsmall",
+    "Ydieresissmall",
+]
+
+cffExpertStringCount = 166
+assert len(cffIExpertStrings) == cffExpertStringCount
+
+cffExpertSubsetStrings = [
+    ".notdef",
+    "space",
+    "dollaroldstyle",
+    "dollarsuperior",
+    "parenleftsuperior",
+    "parenrightsuperior",
+    "twodotenleader",
+    "onedotenleader",
+    "comma",
+    "hyphen",
+    "period",
+    "fraction",
+    "zerooldstyle",
+    "oneoldstyle",
+    "twooldstyle",
+    "threeoldstyle",
+    "fouroldstyle",
+    "fiveoldstyle",
+    "sixoldstyle",
+    "sevenoldstyle",
+    "eightoldstyle",
+    "nineoldstyle",
+    "colon",
+    "semicolon",
+    "commasuperior",
+    "threequartersemdash",
+    "periodsuperior",
+    "asuperior",
+    "bsuperior",
+    "centsuperior",
+    "dsuperior",
+    "esuperior",
+    "isuperior",
+    "lsuperior",
+    "msuperior",
+    "nsuperior",
+    "osuperior",
+    "rsuperior",
+    "ssuperior",
+    "tsuperior",
+    "ff",
+    "fi",
+    "fl",
+    "ffi",
+    "ffl",
+    "parenleftinferior",
+    "parenrightinferior",
+    "hyphensuperior",
+    "colonmonetary",
+    "onefitted",
+    "rupiah",
+    "centoldstyle",
+    "figuredash",
+    "hypheninferior",
+    "onequarter",
+    "onehalf",
+    "threequarters",
+    "oneeighth",
+    "threeeighths",
+    "fiveeighths",
+    "seveneighths",
+    "onethird",
+    "twothirds",
+    "zerosuperior",
+    "onesuperior",
+    "twosuperior",
+    "threesuperior",
+    "foursuperior",
+    "fivesuperior",
+    "sixsuperior",
+    "sevensuperior",
+    "eightsuperior",
+    "ninesuperior",
+    "zeroinferior",
+    "oneinferior",
+    "twoinferior",
+    "threeinferior",
+    "fourinferior",
+    "fiveinferior",
+    "sixinferior",
+    "seveninferior",
+    "eightinferior",
+    "nineinferior",
+    "centinferior",
+    "dollarinferior",
+    "periodinferior",
+    "commainferior",
+]
+
+cffExpertSubsetStringCount = 87
+assert len(cffExpertSubsetStrings) == cffExpertSubsetStringCount