casadi 3.7.2__cp314-none-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl

casadi/include/proxsuite/helpers/tl-optional.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,2472 @@
+
+///
+// optional - An implementation of std::optional with extensions
+// Written in 2017 by Sy Brand (tartanllama@gmail.com, @TartanLlama)
+//
+// Documentation available at https://tl.tartanllama.xyz/
+//
+// To the extent possible under law, the author(s) have dedicated all
+// copyright and related and neighboring rights to this software to the
+// public domain worldwide. This software is distributed without any warranty.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication
+// along with this software. If not, see
+// <http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/>.
+///
+
+#ifndef TL_OPTIONAL_HPP
+#define TL_OPTIONAL_HPP
+
+#define TL_OPTIONAL_VERSION_MAJOR 1
+#define TL_OPTIONAL_VERSION_MINOR 0
+#define TL_OPTIONAL_VERSION_PATCH 0
+
+#include <exception>
+#include <functional>
+#include <new>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+
+#if (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER == 1900)
+#define TL_OPTIONAL_MSVC2015
+#endif
+
+#if (defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ <= 9 &&              \
+     !defined(__clang__))
+#define TL_OPTIONAL_GCC49
+#endif
+
+#if (defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ == 5 && __GNUC_MINOR__ <= 4 &&              \
+     !defined(__clang__))
+#define TL_OPTIONAL_GCC54
+#endif
+
+#if (defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ == 5 && __GNUC_MINOR__ <= 5 &&              \
+     !defined(__clang__))
+#define TL_OPTIONAL_GCC55
+#endif
+
+#if (defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ <= 9 &&              \
+     !defined(__clang__))
+// GCC < 5 doesn't support overloading on const&& for member functions
+#define TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+
+// GCC < 5 doesn't support some standard C++11 type traits
+#define TL_OPTIONAL_IS_TRIVIALLY_COPY_CONSTRUCTIBLE(T)                         \
+  std::has_trivial_copy_constructor<T>::value
+#define TL_OPTIONAL_IS_TRIVIALLY_COPY_ASSIGNABLE(T)                            \
+  std::has_trivial_copy_assign<T>::value
+
+// This one will be different for GCC 5.7 if it's ever supported
+#define TL_OPTIONAL_IS_TRIVIALLY_DESTRUCTIBLE(T)                               \
+  std::is_trivially_destructible<T>::value
+
+// GCC 5 < v < 8 has a bug in is_trivially_copy_constructible which breaks
+// std::vector for non-copyable types
+#elif (defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ < 8 && !defined(__clang__))
+#ifndef TL_GCC_LESS_8_TRIVIALLY_COPY_CONSTRUCTIBLE_MUTEX
+#define TL_GCC_LESS_8_TRIVIALLY_COPY_CONSTRUCTIBLE_MUTEX
+namespace tl {
+namespace detail {
+template<class T>
+struct is_trivially_copy_constructible : std::is_trivially_copy_constructible<T>
+{};
+#ifdef _GLIBCXX_VECTOR
+template<class T, class A>
+struct is_trivially_copy_constructible<std::vector<T, A>>
+  : std::is_trivially_copy_constructible<T>
+{};
+#endif
+}
+}
+#endif
+
+#define TL_OPTIONAL_IS_TRIVIALLY_COPY_CONSTRUCTIBLE(T)                         \
+  tl::detail::is_trivially_copy_constructible<T>::value
+#define TL_OPTIONAL_IS_TRIVIALLY_COPY_ASSIGNABLE(T)                            \
+  std::is_trivially_copy_assignable<T>::value
+#define TL_OPTIONAL_IS_TRIVIALLY_DESTRUCTIBLE(T)                               \
+  std::is_trivially_destructible<T>::value
+#else
+#define TL_OPTIONAL_IS_TRIVIALLY_COPY_CONSTRUCTIBLE(T)                         \
+  std::is_trivially_copy_constructible<T>::value
+#define TL_OPTIONAL_IS_TRIVIALLY_COPY_ASSIGNABLE(T)                            \
+  std::is_trivially_copy_assignable<T>::value
+#define TL_OPTIONAL_IS_TRIVIALLY_DESTRUCTIBLE(T)                               \
+  std::is_trivially_destructible<T>::value
+#endif
+
+#if __cplusplus > 201103L
+#define TL_OPTIONAL_CXX14
+#endif
+
+// constexpr implies const in C++11, not C++14
+#if (__cplusplus == 201103L || defined(TL_OPTIONAL_MSVC2015) ||                \
+     defined(TL_OPTIONAL_GCC49))
+#define TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR
+#else
+#define TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR constexpr
+#endif
+
+namespace tl {
+#ifndef TL_MONOSTATE_INPLACE_MUTEX
+#define TL_MONOSTATE_INPLACE_MUTEX
+/// Used to represent an optional with no data; essentially a bool
+class monostate
+{};
+
+///  A tag type to tell optional to construct its value in-place
+struct in_place_t
+{
+  explicit in_place_t() = default;
+};
+/// A tag to tell optional to construct its value in-place
+static constexpr in_place_t in_place{};
+#endif
+
+template<class T>
+class optional;
+
+namespace detail {
+#ifndef TL_TRAITS_MUTEX
+#define TL_TRAITS_MUTEX
+// C++14-style aliases for brevity
+template<class T>
+using remove_const_t = typename std::remove_const<T>::type;
+template<class T>
+using remove_reference_t = typename std::remove_reference<T>::type;
+template<class T>
+using decay_t = typename std::decay<T>::type;
+template<bool E, class T = void>
+using enable_if_t = typename std::enable_if<E, T>::type;
+template<bool B, class T, class F>
+using conditional_t = typename std::conditional<B, T, F>::type;
+
+// std::conjunction from C++17
+template<class...>
+struct conjunction : std::true_type
+{};
+template<class B>
+struct conjunction<B> : B
+{};
+template<class B, class... Bs>
+struct conjunction<B, Bs...>
+  : std::conditional<bool(B::value), conjunction<Bs...>, B>::type
+{};
+
+#if defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION) && __cplusplus == 201103L
+#define TL_TRAITS_LIBCXX_MEM_FN_WORKAROUND
+#endif
+
+// In C++11 mode, there's an issue in libc++'s std::mem_fn
+// which results in a hard-error when using it in a noexcept expression
+// in some cases. This is a check to workaround the common failing case.
+#ifdef TL_TRAITS_LIBCXX_MEM_FN_WORKAROUND
+template<class T>
+struct is_pointer_to_non_const_member_func : std::false_type
+{};
+template<class T, class Ret, class... Args>
+struct is_pointer_to_non_const_member_func<Ret (T::*)(Args...)> : std::true_type
+{};
+template<class T, class Ret, class... Args>
+struct is_pointer_to_non_const_member_func<Ret (T::*)(Args...)&>
+  : std::true_type
+{};
+template<class T, class Ret, class... Args>
+struct is_pointer_to_non_const_member_func<Ret (T::*)(Args...) &&>
+  : std::true_type
+{};
+template<class T, class Ret, class... Args>
+struct is_pointer_to_non_const_member_func<Ret (T::*)(Args...) volatile>
+  : std::true_type
+{};
+template<class T, class Ret, class... Args>
+struct is_pointer_to_non_const_member_func<Ret (T::*)(Args...) volatile&>
+  : std::true_type
+{};
+template<class T, class Ret, class... Args>
+struct is_pointer_to_non_const_member_func<Ret (T::*)(Args...) volatile&&>
+  : std::true_type
+{};
+
+template<class T>
+struct is_const_or_const_ref : std::false_type
+{};
+template<class T>
+struct is_const_or_const_ref<T const&> : std::true_type
+{};
+template<class T>
+struct is_const_or_const_ref<T const> : std::true_type
+{};
+#endif
+
+// std::invoke from C++17
+// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/38288042/c11-14-invoke-workaround
+template<
+  typename Fn,
+  typename... Args,
+#ifdef TL_TRAITS_LIBCXX_MEM_FN_WORKAROUND
+  typename = enable_if_t<!(is_pointer_to_non_const_member_func<Fn>::value &&
+                           is_const_or_const_ref<Args...>::value)>,
+#endif
+  typename = enable_if_t<std::is_member_pointer<decay_t<Fn>>::value>,
+  int = 0>
+constexpr auto
+invoke(Fn&& f, Args&&... args) noexcept(
+  noexcept(std::mem_fn(f)(std::forward<Args>(args)...)))
+  -> decltype(std::mem_fn(f)(std::forward<Args>(args)...))
+{
+  return std::mem_fn(f)(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+}
+
+template<typename Fn,
+         typename... Args,
+         typename = enable_if_t<!std::is_member_pointer<decay_t<Fn>>::value>>
+constexpr auto
+invoke(Fn&& f, Args&&... args) noexcept(
+  noexcept(std::forward<Fn>(f)(std::forward<Args>(args)...)))
+  -> decltype(std::forward<Fn>(f)(std::forward<Args>(args)...))
+{
+  return std::forward<Fn>(f)(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+}
+
+// std::invoke_result from C++17
+template<class F, class, class... Us>
+struct invoke_result_impl;
+
+template<class F, class... Us>
+struct invoke_result_impl<
+  F,
+  decltype(detail::invoke(std::declval<F>(), std::declval<Us>()...), void()),
+  Us...>
+{
+  using type =
+    decltype(detail::invoke(std::declval<F>(), std::declval<Us>()...));
+};
+
+template<class F, class... Us>
+using invoke_result = invoke_result_impl<F, void, Us...>;
+
+template<class F, class... Us>
+using invoke_result_t = typename invoke_result<F, Us...>::type;
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER <= 1900
+// TODO make a version which works with MSVC 2015
+template<class T, class U = T>
+struct is_swappable : std::true_type
+{};
+
+template<class T, class U = T>
+struct is_nothrow_swappable : std::true_type
+{};
+#else
+// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/26744589/what-is-a-proper-way-to-implement-is-swappable-to-test-for-the-swappable-concept
+namespace swap_adl_tests {
+// if swap ADL finds this then it would call std::swap otherwise (same
+// signature)
+struct tag
+{};
+
+template<class T>
+tag
+swap(T&, T&);
+template<class T, std::size_t N>
+tag swap(T (&a)[N], T (&b)[N]);
+
+// helper functions to test if an unqualified swap is possible, and if it
+// becomes std::swap
+template<class, class>
+std::false_type
+can_swap(...) noexcept(false);
+template<class T,
+         class U,
+         class = decltype(swap(std::declval<T&>(), std::declval<U&>()))>
+std::true_type
+can_swap(int) noexcept(noexcept(swap(std::declval<T&>(), std::declval<U&>())));
+
+template<class, class>
+std::false_type
+uses_std(...);
+template<class T, class U>
+std::is_same<decltype(swap(std::declval<T&>(), std::declval<U&>())), tag>
+uses_std(int);
+
+template<class T>
+struct is_std_swap_noexcept
+  : std::integral_constant<bool,
+                           std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<T>::value &&
+                             std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<T>::value>
+{};
+
+template<class T, std::size_t N>
+struct is_std_swap_noexcept<T[N]> : is_std_swap_noexcept<T>
+{};
+
+template<class T, class U>
+struct is_adl_swap_noexcept
+  : std::integral_constant<bool, noexcept(can_swap<T, U>(0))>
+{};
+} // namespace swap_adl_tests
+
+template<class T, class U = T>
+struct is_swappable
+  : std::integral_constant<
+      bool,
+      decltype(detail::swap_adl_tests::can_swap<T, U>(0))::value &&
+        (!decltype(detail::swap_adl_tests::uses_std<T, U>(0))::value ||
+         (std::is_move_assignable<T>::value &&
+          std::is_move_constructible<T>::value))>
+{};
+
+template<class T, std::size_t N>
+struct is_swappable<T[N], T[N]>
+  : std::integral_constant<
+      bool,
+      decltype(detail::swap_adl_tests::can_swap<T[N], T[N]>(0))::value &&
+        (!decltype(detail::swap_adl_tests::uses_std<T[N], T[N]>(0))::value ||
+         is_swappable<T, T>::value)>
+{};
+
+template<class T, class U = T>
+struct is_nothrow_swappable
+  : std::integral_constant<
+      bool,
+      is_swappable<T, U>::value &&
+        ((decltype(detail::swap_adl_tests::uses_std<T, U>(0))::value &&
+          detail::swap_adl_tests::is_std_swap_noexcept<T>::value) ||
+         (!decltype(detail::swap_adl_tests::uses_std<T, U>(0))::value &&
+          detail::swap_adl_tests::is_adl_swap_noexcept<T, U>::value))>
+{};
+#endif
+#endif
+
+// std::void_t from C++17
+template<class...>
+struct voider
+{
+  using type = void;
+};
+template<class... Ts>
+using void_t = typename voider<Ts...>::type;
+
+// Trait for checking if a type is a tl::optional
+template<class T>
+struct is_optional_impl : std::false_type
+{};
+template<class T>
+struct is_optional_impl<optional<T>> : std::true_type
+{};
+template<class T>
+using is_optional = is_optional_impl<decay_t<T>>;
+
+// Change void to tl::monostate
+template<class U>
+using fixup_void = conditional_t<std::is_void<U>::value, monostate, U>;
+
+template<class F, class U, class = invoke_result_t<F, U>>
+using get_map_return = optional<fixup_void<invoke_result_t<F, U>>>;
+
+// Check if invoking F for some Us returns void
+template<class F, class = void, class... U>
+struct returns_void_impl;
+template<class F, class... U>
+struct returns_void_impl<F, void_t<invoke_result_t<F, U...>>, U...>
+  : std::is_void<invoke_result_t<F, U...>>
+{};
+template<class F, class... U>
+using returns_void = returns_void_impl<F, void, U...>;
+
+template<class T, class... U>
+using enable_if_ret_void = enable_if_t<returns_void<T&&, U...>::value>;
+
+template<class T, class... U>
+using disable_if_ret_void = enable_if_t<!returns_void<T&&, U...>::value>;
+
+template<class T, class U>
+using enable_forward_value =
+  detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<T, U&&>::value &&
+                      !std::is_same<detail::decay_t<U>, in_place_t>::value &&
+                      !std::is_same<optional<T>, detail::decay_t<U>>::value>;
+
+template<class T, class U, class Other>
+using enable_from_other =
+  detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<T, Other>::value &&
+                      !std::is_constructible<T, optional<U>&>::value &&
+                      !std::is_constructible<T, optional<U>&&>::value &&
+                      !std::is_constructible<T, const optional<U>&>::value &&
+                      !std::is_constructible<T, const optional<U>&&>::value &&
+                      !std::is_convertible<optional<U>&, T>::value &&
+                      !std::is_convertible<optional<U>&&, T>::value &&
+                      !std::is_convertible<const optional<U>&, T>::value &&
+                      !std::is_convertible<const optional<U>&&, T>::value>;
+
+template<class T, class U>
+using enable_assign_forward = detail::enable_if_t<
+  !std::is_same<optional<T>, detail::decay_t<U>>::value &&
+  !detail::conjunction<std::is_scalar<T>,
+                       std::is_same<T, detail::decay_t<U>>>::value &&
+  std::is_constructible<T, U>::value && std::is_assignable<T&, U>::value>;
+
+template<class T, class U, class Other>
+using enable_assign_from_other =
+  detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<T, Other>::value &&
+                      std::is_assignable<T&, Other>::value &&
+                      !std::is_constructible<T, optional<U>&>::value &&
+                      !std::is_constructible<T, optional<U>&&>::value &&
+                      !std::is_constructible<T, const optional<U>&>::value &&
+                      !std::is_constructible<T, const optional<U>&&>::value &&
+                      !std::is_convertible<optional<U>&, T>::value &&
+                      !std::is_convertible<optional<U>&&, T>::value &&
+                      !std::is_convertible<const optional<U>&, T>::value &&
+                      !std::is_convertible<const optional<U>&&, T>::value &&
+                      !std::is_assignable<T&, optional<U>&>::value &&
+                      !std::is_assignable<T&, optional<U>&&>::value &&
+                      !std::is_assignable<T&, const optional<U>&>::value &&
+                      !std::is_assignable<T&, const optional<U>&&>::value>;
+
+// The storage base manages the actual storage, and correctly propagates
+// trivial destruction from T. This case is for when T is not trivially
+// destructible.
+template<class T, bool = ::std::is_trivially_destructible<T>::value>
+struct optional_storage_base
+{
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR optional_storage_base() noexcept
+    : m_dummy()
+    , m_has_value(false)
+  {
+  }
+
+  template<class... U>
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR optional_storage_base(in_place_t, U&&... u)
+    : m_value(std::forward<U>(u)...)
+    , m_has_value(true)
+  {
+  }
+
+  ~optional_storage_base()
+  {
+    if (m_has_value) {
+      m_value.~T();
+      m_has_value = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  struct dummy
+  {};
+  union
+  {
+    dummy m_dummy;
+    T m_value;
+  };
+
+  bool m_has_value;
+};
+
+// This case is for when T is trivially destructible.
+template<class T>
+struct optional_storage_base<T, true>
+{
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR optional_storage_base() noexcept
+    : m_dummy()
+    , m_has_value(false)
+  {
+  }
+
+  template<class... U>
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR optional_storage_base(in_place_t, U&&... u)
+    : m_value(std::forward<U>(u)...)
+    , m_has_value(true)
+  {
+  }
+
+  // No destructor, so this class is trivially destructible
+
+  struct dummy
+  {};
+  union
+  {
+    dummy m_dummy;
+    T m_value;
+  };
+
+  bool m_has_value = false;
+};
+
+// This base class provides some handy member functions which can be used in
+// further derived classes
+template<class T>
+struct optional_operations_base : optional_storage_base<T>
+{
+  using optional_storage_base<T>::optional_storage_base;
+
+  void hard_reset() noexcept
+  {
+    get().~T();
+    this->m_has_value = false;
+  }
+
+  template<class... Args>
+  void construct(Args&&... args) noexcept
+  {
+    new (std::addressof(this->m_value)) T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    this->m_has_value = true;
+  }
+
+  template<class Opt>
+  void assign(Opt&& rhs)
+  {
+    if (this->has_value()) {
+      if (rhs.has_value()) {
+        this->m_value = std::forward<Opt>(rhs).get();
+      } else {
+        this->m_value.~T();
+        this->m_has_value = false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    else if (rhs.has_value()) {
+      construct(std::forward<Opt>(rhs).get());
+    }
+  }
+
+  bool has_value() const { return this->m_has_value; }
+
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR T& get() & { return this->m_value; }
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR const T& get() const& { return this->m_value; }
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR T&& get() && { return std::move(this->m_value); }
+#ifndef TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+  constexpr const T&& get() const&& { return std::move(this->m_value); }
+#endif
+};
+
+// This class manages conditionally having a trivial copy constructor
+// This specialization is for when T is trivially copy constructible
+template<class T, bool = TL_OPTIONAL_IS_TRIVIALLY_COPY_CONSTRUCTIBLE(T)>
+struct optional_copy_base : optional_operations_base<T>
+{
+  using optional_operations_base<T>::optional_operations_base;
+};
+
+// This specialization is for when T is not trivially copy constructible
+template<class T>
+struct optional_copy_base<T, false> : optional_operations_base<T>
+{
+  using optional_operations_base<T>::optional_operations_base;
+
+  optional_copy_base() = default;
+  optional_copy_base(const optional_copy_base& rhs)
+    : optional_operations_base<T>()
+  {
+    if (rhs.has_value()) {
+      this->construct(rhs.get());
+    } else {
+      this->m_has_value = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  optional_copy_base(optional_copy_base&& rhs) = default;
+  optional_copy_base& operator=(const optional_copy_base& rhs) = default;
+  optional_copy_base& operator=(optional_copy_base&& rhs) = default;
+};
+
+// This class manages conditionally having a trivial move constructor
+// Unfortunately there's no way to achieve this in GCC < 5 AFAIK, since it
+// doesn't implement an analogue to std::is_trivially_move_constructible. We
+// have to make do with a non-trivial move constructor even if T is trivially
+// move constructible
+#ifndef TL_OPTIONAL_GCC49
+template<class T, bool = std::is_trivially_move_constructible<T>::value>
+struct optional_move_base : optional_copy_base<T>
+{
+  using optional_copy_base<T>::optional_copy_base;
+};
+#else
+template<class T, bool = false>
+struct optional_move_base;
+#endif
+template<class T>
+struct optional_move_base<T, false> : optional_copy_base<T>
+{
+  using optional_copy_base<T>::optional_copy_base;
+
+  optional_move_base() = default;
+  optional_move_base(const optional_move_base& rhs) = default;
+
+  optional_move_base(optional_move_base&& rhs) noexcept(
+    std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<T>::value)
+  {
+    if (rhs.has_value()) {
+      this->construct(std::move(rhs.get()));
+    } else {
+      this->m_has_value = false;
+    }
+  }
+  optional_move_base& operator=(const optional_move_base& rhs) = default;
+  optional_move_base& operator=(optional_move_base&& rhs) = default;
+};
+
+// This class manages conditionally having a trivial copy assignment operator
+template<class T,
+         bool = TL_OPTIONAL_IS_TRIVIALLY_COPY_ASSIGNABLE(T) &&
+                TL_OPTIONAL_IS_TRIVIALLY_COPY_CONSTRUCTIBLE(T) &&
+                TL_OPTIONAL_IS_TRIVIALLY_DESTRUCTIBLE(T)>
+struct optional_copy_assign_base : optional_move_base<T>
+{
+  using optional_move_base<T>::optional_move_base;
+};
+
+template<class T>
+struct optional_copy_assign_base<T, false> : optional_move_base<T>
+{
+  using optional_move_base<T>::optional_move_base;
+
+  optional_copy_assign_base() = default;
+  optional_copy_assign_base(const optional_copy_assign_base& rhs) = default;
+
+  optional_copy_assign_base(optional_copy_assign_base&& rhs) = default;
+  optional_copy_assign_base& operator=(const optional_copy_assign_base& rhs)
+  {
+    this->assign(rhs);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  optional_copy_assign_base& operator=(optional_copy_assign_base&& rhs) =
+    default;
+};
+
+// This class manages conditionally having a trivial move assignment operator
+// Unfortunately there's no way to achieve this in GCC < 5 AFAIK, since it
+// doesn't implement an analogue to std::is_trivially_move_assignable. We have
+// to make do with a non-trivial move assignment operator even if T is trivially
+// move assignable
+#ifndef TL_OPTIONAL_GCC49
+template<class T,
+         bool = std::is_trivially_destructible<T>::value&&
+           std::is_trivially_move_constructible<T>::value&&
+             std::is_trivially_move_assignable<T>::value>
+struct optional_move_assign_base : optional_copy_assign_base<T>
+{
+  using optional_copy_assign_base<T>::optional_copy_assign_base;
+};
+#else
+template<class T, bool = false>
+struct optional_move_assign_base;
+#endif
+
+template<class T>
+struct optional_move_assign_base<T, false> : optional_copy_assign_base<T>
+{
+  using optional_copy_assign_base<T>::optional_copy_assign_base;
+
+  optional_move_assign_base() = default;
+  optional_move_assign_base(const optional_move_assign_base& rhs) = default;
+
+  optional_move_assign_base(optional_move_assign_base&& rhs) = default;
+
+  optional_move_assign_base& operator=(const optional_move_assign_base& rhs) =
+    default;
+
+  optional_move_assign_base&
+  operator=(optional_move_assign_base&& rhs) noexcept(
+    std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<T>::value&&
+      std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<T>::value)
+  {
+    this->assign(std::move(rhs));
+    return *this;
+  }
+};
+
+// optional_delete_ctor_base will conditionally delete copy and move
+// constructors depending on whether T is copy/move constructible
+template<class T,
+         bool EnableCopy = std::is_copy_constructible<T>::value,
+         bool EnableMove = std::is_move_constructible<T>::value>
+struct optional_delete_ctor_base
+{
+  optional_delete_ctor_base() = default;
+  optional_delete_ctor_base(const optional_delete_ctor_base&) = default;
+  optional_delete_ctor_base(optional_delete_ctor_base&&) noexcept = default;
+  optional_delete_ctor_base& operator=(const optional_delete_ctor_base&) =
+    default;
+  optional_delete_ctor_base& operator=(optional_delete_ctor_base&&) noexcept =
+    default;
+};
+
+template<class T>
+struct optional_delete_ctor_base<T, true, false>
+{
+  optional_delete_ctor_base() = default;
+  optional_delete_ctor_base(const optional_delete_ctor_base&) = default;
+  optional_delete_ctor_base(optional_delete_ctor_base&&) noexcept = delete;
+  optional_delete_ctor_base& operator=(const optional_delete_ctor_base&) =
+    default;
+  optional_delete_ctor_base& operator=(optional_delete_ctor_base&&) noexcept =
+    default;
+};
+
+template<class T>
+struct optional_delete_ctor_base<T, false, true>
+{
+  optional_delete_ctor_base() = default;
+  optional_delete_ctor_base(const optional_delete_ctor_base&) = delete;
+  optional_delete_ctor_base(optional_delete_ctor_base&&) noexcept = default;
+  optional_delete_ctor_base& operator=(const optional_delete_ctor_base&) =
+    default;
+  optional_delete_ctor_base& operator=(optional_delete_ctor_base&&) noexcept =
+    default;
+};
+
+template<class T>
+struct optional_delete_ctor_base<T, false, false>
+{
+  optional_delete_ctor_base() = default;
+  optional_delete_ctor_base(const optional_delete_ctor_base&) = delete;
+  optional_delete_ctor_base(optional_delete_ctor_base&&) noexcept = delete;
+  optional_delete_ctor_base& operator=(const optional_delete_ctor_base&) =
+    default;
+  optional_delete_ctor_base& operator=(optional_delete_ctor_base&&) noexcept =
+    default;
+};
+
+// optional_delete_assign_base will conditionally delete copy and move
+// constructors depending on whether T is copy/move constructible + assignable
+template<class T,
+         bool EnableCopy = (std::is_copy_constructible<T>::value &&
+                            std::is_copy_assignable<T>::value),
+         bool EnableMove = (std::is_move_constructible<T>::value &&
+                            std::is_move_assignable<T>::value)>
+struct optional_delete_assign_base
+{
+  optional_delete_assign_base() = default;
+  optional_delete_assign_base(const optional_delete_assign_base&) = default;
+  optional_delete_assign_base(optional_delete_assign_base&&) noexcept = default;
+  optional_delete_assign_base& operator=(const optional_delete_assign_base&) =
+    default;
+  optional_delete_assign_base& operator=(
+    optional_delete_assign_base&&) noexcept = default;
+};
+
+template<class T>
+struct optional_delete_assign_base<T, true, false>
+{
+  optional_delete_assign_base() = default;
+  optional_delete_assign_base(const optional_delete_assign_base&) = default;
+  optional_delete_assign_base(optional_delete_assign_base&&) noexcept = default;
+  optional_delete_assign_base& operator=(const optional_delete_assign_base&) =
+    default;
+  optional_delete_assign_base& operator=(
+    optional_delete_assign_base&&) noexcept = delete;
+};
+
+template<class T>
+struct optional_delete_assign_base<T, false, true>
+{
+  optional_delete_assign_base() = default;
+  optional_delete_assign_base(const optional_delete_assign_base&) = default;
+  optional_delete_assign_base(optional_delete_assign_base&&) noexcept = default;
+  optional_delete_assign_base& operator=(const optional_delete_assign_base&) =
+    delete;
+  optional_delete_assign_base& operator=(
+    optional_delete_assign_base&&) noexcept = default;
+};
+
+template<class T>
+struct optional_delete_assign_base<T, false, false>
+{
+  optional_delete_assign_base() = default;
+  optional_delete_assign_base(const optional_delete_assign_base&) = default;
+  optional_delete_assign_base(optional_delete_assign_base&&) noexcept = default;
+  optional_delete_assign_base& operator=(const optional_delete_assign_base&) =
+    delete;
+  optional_delete_assign_base& operator=(
+    optional_delete_assign_base&&) noexcept = delete;
+};
+
+} // namespace detail
+
+/// A tag type to represent an empty optional
+struct nullopt_t
+{
+  struct do_not_use
+  {};
+  constexpr explicit nullopt_t(do_not_use, do_not_use) noexcept {}
+};
+/// Represents an empty optional
+static constexpr nullopt_t nullopt{ nullopt_t::do_not_use{},
+                                    nullopt_t::do_not_use{} };
+
+class bad_optional_access : public std::exception
+{
+public:
+  bad_optional_access() = default;
+  const char* what() const noexcept { return "Optional has no value"; }
+};
+
+/// An optional object is an object that contains the storage for another
+/// object and manages the lifetime of this contained object, if any. The
+/// contained object may be initialized after the optional object has been
+/// initialized, and may be destroyed before the optional object has been
+/// destroyed. The initialization state of the contained object is tracked by
+/// the optional object.
+template<class T>
+class optional
+  : private detail::optional_move_assign_base<T>
+  , private detail::optional_delete_ctor_base<T>
+  , private detail::optional_delete_assign_base<T>
+{
+  using base = detail::optional_move_assign_base<T>;
+
+  static_assert(!std::is_same<T, in_place_t>::value,
+                "instantiation of optional with in_place_t is ill-formed");
+  static_assert(!std::is_same<detail::decay_t<T>, nullopt_t>::value,
+                "instantiation of optional with nullopt_t is ill-formed");
+
+public:
+// The different versions for C++14 and 11 are needed because deduced return
+// types are not SFINAE-safe. This provides better support for things like
+// generic lambdas. C.f.
+// http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2017/p0826r0.html
+#if defined(TL_OPTIONAL_CXX14) && !defined(TL_OPTIONAL_GCC49) &&               \
+  !defined(TL_OPTIONAL_GCC54) && !defined(TL_OPTIONAL_GCC55)
+  /// Carries out some operation which returns an optional on the stored
+  /// object if there is one.
+  template<class F>
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR auto and_then(F&& f) &
+  {
+    using result = detail::invoke_result_t<F, T&>;
+    static_assert(detail::is_optional<result>::value,
+                  "F must return an optional");
+
+    return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this)
+                       : result(nullopt);
+  }
+
+  template<class F>
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR auto and_then(F&& f) &&
+  {
+    using result = detail::invoke_result_t<F, T&&>;
+    static_assert(detail::is_optional<result>::value,
+                  "F must return an optional");
+
+    return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), std::move(**this))
+                       : result(nullopt);
+  }
+
+  template<class F>
+  constexpr auto and_then(F&& f) const&
+  {
+    using result = detail::invoke_result_t<F, const T&>;
+    static_assert(detail::is_optional<result>::value,
+                  "F must return an optional");
+
+    return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this)
+                       : result(nullopt);
+  }
+
+#ifndef TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+  template<class F>
+  constexpr auto and_then(F&& f) const&&
+  {
+    using result = detail::invoke_result_t<F, const T&&>;
+    static_assert(detail::is_optional<result>::value,
+                  "F must return an optional");
+
+    return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), std::move(**this))
+                       : result(nullopt);
+  }
+#endif
+#else
+  /// Carries out some operation which returns an optional on the stored
+  /// object if there is one.
+  template<class F>
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR detail::invoke_result_t<F, T&> and_then(F&& f) &
+  {
+    using result = detail::invoke_result_t<F, T&>;
+    static_assert(detail::is_optional<result>::value,
+                  "F must return an optional");
+
+    return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this)
+                       : result(nullopt);
+  }
+
+  template<class F>
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR detail::invoke_result_t<F, T&&> and_then(F&& f) &&
+  {
+    using result = detail::invoke_result_t<F, T&&>;
+    static_assert(detail::is_optional<result>::value,
+                  "F must return an optional");
+
+    return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), std::move(**this))
+                       : result(nullopt);
+  }
+
+  template<class F>
+  constexpr detail::invoke_result_t<F, const T&> and_then(F&& f) const&
+  {
+    using result = detail::invoke_result_t<F, const T&>;
+    static_assert(detail::is_optional<result>::value,
+                  "F must return an optional");
+
+    return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this)
+                       : result(nullopt);
+  }
+
+#ifndef TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+  template<class F>
+  constexpr detail::invoke_result_t<F, const T&&> and_then(F&& f) const&&
+  {
+    using result = detail::invoke_result_t<F, const T&&>;
+    static_assert(detail::is_optional<result>::value,
+                  "F must return an optional");
+
+    return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), std::move(**this))
+                       : result(nullopt);
+  }
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(TL_OPTIONAL_CXX14) && !defined(TL_OPTIONAL_GCC49) &&               \
+  !defined(TL_OPTIONAL_GCC54) && !defined(TL_OPTIONAL_GCC55)
+  /// Carries out some operation on the stored object if there is one.
+  template<class F>
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR auto map(F&& f) &
+  {
+    return optional_map_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
+  }
+
+  template<class F>
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR auto map(F&& f) &&
+  {
+    return optional_map_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
+  }
+
+  template<class F>
+  constexpr auto map(F&& f) const&
+  {
+    return optional_map_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
+  }
+
+  template<class F>
+  constexpr auto map(F&& f) const&&
+  {
+    return optional_map_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
+  }
+#else
+  /// Carries out some operation on the stored object if there is one.
+  template<class F>
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR decltype(optional_map_impl(std::declval<optional&>(),
+                                                      std::declval<F&&>()))
+  map(F&& f) &
+  {
+    return optional_map_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
+  }
+
+  template<class F>
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR decltype(optional_map_impl(
+    std::declval<optional&&>(),
+    std::declval<F&&>()))
+  map(F&& f) &&
+  {
+    return optional_map_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
+  }
+
+  template<class F>
+  constexpr decltype(optional_map_impl(std::declval<const optional&>(),
+                                       std::declval<F&&>()))
+  map(F&& f) const&
+  {
+    return optional_map_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
+  }
+
+#ifndef TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+  template<class F>
+  constexpr decltype(optional_map_impl(std::declval<const optional&&>(),
+                                       std::declval<F&&>()))
+  map(F&& f) const&&
+  {
+    return optional_map_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
+  }
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(TL_OPTIONAL_CXX14) && !defined(TL_OPTIONAL_GCC49) &&               \
+  !defined(TL_OPTIONAL_GCC54) && !defined(TL_OPTIONAL_GCC55)
+  /// Carries out some operation on the stored object if there is one.
+  template<class F>
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR auto transform(F&& f) &
+  {
+    return optional_map_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
+  }
+
+  template<class F>
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR auto transform(F&& f) &&
+  {
+    return optional_map_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
+  }
+
+  template<class F>
+  constexpr auto transform(F&& f) const&
+  {
+    return optional_map_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
+  }
+
+  template<class F>
+  constexpr auto transform(F&& f) const&&
+  {
+    return optional_map_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
+  }
+#else
+  /// Carries out some operation on the stored object if there is one.
+  template<class F>
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR decltype(optional_map_impl(std::declval<optional&>(),
+                                                      std::declval<F&&>()))
+  transform(F&& f) &
+  {
+    return optional_map_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
+  }
+
+  template<class F>
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR decltype(optional_map_impl(
+    std::declval<optional&&>(),
+    std::declval<F&&>()))
+  transform(F&& f) &&
+  {
+    return optional_map_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
+  }
+
+  template<class F>
+  constexpr decltype(optional_map_impl(std::declval<const optional&>(),
+                                       std::declval<F&&>()))
+  transform(F&& f) const&
+  {
+    return optional_map_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
+  }
+
+#ifndef TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+  template<class F>
+  constexpr decltype(optional_map_impl(std::declval<const optional&&>(),
+                                       std::declval<F&&>()))
+  transform(F&& f) const&&
+  {
+    return optional_map_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
+  }
+#endif
+#endif
+
+  /// Calls `f` if the optional is empty
+  template<class F, detail::enable_if_ret_void<F>* = nullptr>
+  optional<T> TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR or_else(F&& f) &
+  {
+    if (has_value())
+      return *this;
+
+    std::forward<F>(f)();
+    return nullopt;
+  }
+
+  template<class F, detail::disable_if_ret_void<F>* = nullptr>
+  optional<T> TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR or_else(F&& f) &
+  {
+    return has_value() ? *this : std::forward<F>(f)();
+  }
+
+  template<class F, detail::enable_if_ret_void<F>* = nullptr>
+  optional<T> or_else(F&& f) &&
+  {
+    if (has_value())
+      return std::move(*this);
+
+    std::forward<F>(f)();
+    return nullopt;
+  }
+
+  template<class F, detail::disable_if_ret_void<F>* = nullptr>
+  optional<T> TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR or_else(F&& f) &&
+  {
+    return has_value() ? std::move(*this) : std::forward<F>(f)();
+  }
+
+  template<class F, detail::enable_if_ret_void<F>* = nullptr>
+  optional<T> or_else(F&& f) const&
+  {
+    if (has_value())
+      return *this;
+
+    std::forward<F>(f)();
+    return nullopt;
+  }
+
+  template<class F, detail::disable_if_ret_void<F>* = nullptr>
+  optional<T> TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR or_else(F&& f) const&
+  {
+    return has_value() ? *this : std::forward<F>(f)();
+  }
+
+#ifndef TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+  template<class F, detail::enable_if_ret_void<F>* = nullptr>
+  optional<T> or_else(F&& f) const&&
+  {
+    if (has_value())
+      return std::move(*this);
+
+    std::forward<F>(f)();
+    return nullopt;
+  }
+
+  template<class F, detail::disable_if_ret_void<F>* = nullptr>
+  optional<T> or_else(F&& f) const&&
+  {
+    return has_value() ? std::move(*this) : std::forward<F>(f)();
+  }
+#endif
+
+  /// Maps the stored value with `f` if there is one, otherwise returns `u`.
+  template<class F, class U>
+  U map_or(F&& f, U&& u) &
+  {
+    return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this)
+                       : std::forward<U>(u);
+  }
+
+  template<class F, class U>
+  U map_or(F&& f, U&& u) &&
+  {
+    return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), std::move(**this))
+                       : std::forward<U>(u);
+  }
+
+  template<class F, class U>
+  U map_or(F&& f, U&& u) const&
+  {
+    return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this)
+                       : std::forward<U>(u);
+  }
+
+#ifndef TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+  template<class F, class U>
+  U map_or(F&& f, U&& u) const&&
+  {
+    return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), std::move(**this))
+                       : std::forward<U>(u);
+  }
+#endif
+
+  /// Maps the stored value with `f` if there is one, otherwise calls
+  /// `u` and returns the result.
+  template<class F, class U>
+  detail::invoke_result_t<U> map_or_else(F&& f, U&& u) &
+  {
+    return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this)
+                       : std::forward<U>(u)();
+  }
+
+  template<class F, class U>
+  detail::invoke_result_t<U> map_or_else(F&& f, U&& u) &&
+  {
+    return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), std::move(**this))
+                       : std::forward<U>(u)();
+  }
+
+  template<class F, class U>
+  detail::invoke_result_t<U> map_or_else(F&& f, U&& u) const&
+  {
+    return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this)
+                       : std::forward<U>(u)();
+  }
+
+#ifndef TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+  template<class F, class U>
+  detail::invoke_result_t<U> map_or_else(F&& f, U&& u) const&&
+  {
+    return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), std::move(**this))
+                       : std::forward<U>(u)();
+  }
+#endif
+
+  /// Returns `u` if `*this` has a value, otherwise an empty optional.
+  template<class U>
+  constexpr optional<typename std::decay<U>::type> conjunction(U&& u) const
+  {
+    using result = optional<detail::decay_t<U>>;
+    return has_value() ? result{ u } : result{ nullopt };
+  }
+
+  /// Returns `rhs` if `*this` is empty, otherwise the current value.
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR optional disjunction(const optional& rhs) &
+  {
+    return has_value() ? *this : rhs;
+  }
+
+  constexpr optional disjunction(const optional& rhs) const&
+  {
+    return has_value() ? *this : rhs;
+  }
+
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR optional disjunction(const optional& rhs) &&
+  {
+    return has_value() ? std::move(*this) : rhs;
+  }
+
+#ifndef TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+  constexpr optional disjunction(const optional& rhs) const&&
+  {
+    return has_value() ? std::move(*this) : rhs;
+  }
+#endif
+
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR optional disjunction(optional&& rhs) &
+  {
+    return has_value() ? *this : std::move(rhs);
+  }
+
+  constexpr optional disjunction(optional&& rhs) const&
+  {
+    return has_value() ? *this : std::move(rhs);
+  }
+
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR optional disjunction(optional&& rhs) &&
+  {
+    return has_value() ? std::move(*this) : std::move(rhs);
+  }
+
+#ifndef TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+  constexpr optional disjunction(optional&& rhs) const&&
+  {
+    return has_value() ? std::move(*this) : std::move(rhs);
+  }
+#endif
+
+  /// Takes the value out of the optional, leaving it empty
+  optional take()
+  {
+    optional ret = std::move(*this);
+    reset();
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  using value_type = T;
+
+  /// Constructs an optional that does not contain a value.
+  constexpr optional() noexcept = default;
+
+  constexpr optional(nullopt_t) noexcept {}
+
+  /// Copy constructor
+  ///
+  /// If `rhs` contains a value, the stored value is direct-initialized with
+  /// it. Otherwise, the constructed optional is empty.
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR optional(const optional& rhs) = default;
+
+  /// Move constructor
+  ///
+  /// If `rhs` contains a value, the stored value is direct-initialized with
+  /// it. Otherwise, the constructed optional is empty.
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR optional(optional&& rhs) = default;
+
+  /// Constructs the stored value in-place using the given arguments.
+  template<class... Args>
+  constexpr explicit optional(
+    detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<T, Args...>::value, in_place_t>,
+    Args&&... args)
+    : base(in_place, std::forward<Args>(args)...)
+  {
+  }
+
+  template<class U, class... Args>
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR explicit optional(
+    detail::enable_if_t<
+      std::is_constructible<T, std::initializer_list<U>&, Args&&...>::value,
+      in_place_t>,
+    std::initializer_list<U> il,
+    Args&&... args)
+  {
+    this->construct(il, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+  }
+
+  /// Constructs the stored value with `u`.
+  template<class U = T,
+           detail::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<U&&, T>::value>* = nullptr,
+           detail::enable_forward_value<T, U>* = nullptr>
+  constexpr optional(U&& u)
+    : base(in_place, std::forward<U>(u))
+  {
+  }
+
+  template<class U = T,
+           detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_convertible<U&&, T>::value>* = nullptr,
+           detail::enable_forward_value<T, U>* = nullptr>
+  constexpr explicit optional(U&& u)
+    : base(in_place, std::forward<U>(u))
+  {
+  }
+
+  /// Converting copy constructor.
+  template<
+    class U,
+    detail::enable_from_other<T, U, const U&>* = nullptr,
+    detail::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<const U&, T>::value>* = nullptr>
+  optional(const optional<U>& rhs)
+  {
+    if (rhs.has_value()) {
+      this->construct(*rhs);
+    }
+  }
+
+  template<
+    class U,
+    detail::enable_from_other<T, U, const U&>* = nullptr,
+    detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_convertible<const U&, T>::value>* = nullptr>
+  explicit optional(const optional<U>& rhs)
+  {
+    if (rhs.has_value()) {
+      this->construct(*rhs);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Converting move constructor.
+  template<class U,
+           detail::enable_from_other<T, U, U&&>* = nullptr,
+           detail::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<U&&, T>::value>* = nullptr>
+  optional(optional<U>&& rhs)
+  {
+    if (rhs.has_value()) {
+      this->construct(std::move(*rhs));
+    }
+  }
+
+  template<class U,
+           detail::enable_from_other<T, U, U&&>* = nullptr,
+           detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_convertible<U&&, T>::value>* = nullptr>
+  explicit optional(optional<U>&& rhs)
+  {
+    if (rhs.has_value()) {
+      this->construct(std::move(*rhs));
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Destroys the stored value if there is one.
+  ~optional() = default;
+
+  /// Assignment to empty.
+  ///
+  /// Destroys the current value if there is one.
+  optional& operator=(nullopt_t) noexcept
+  {
+    if (has_value()) {
+      this->m_value.~T();
+      this->m_has_value = false;
+    }
+
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  /// Copy assignment.
+  ///
+  /// Copies the value from `rhs` if there is one. Otherwise resets the stored
+  /// value in `*this`.
+  optional& operator=(const optional& rhs) = default;
+
+  /// Move assignment.
+  ///
+  /// Moves the value from `rhs` if there is one. Otherwise resets the stored
+  /// value in `*this`.
+  optional& operator=(optional&& rhs) = default;
+
+  /// Assigns the stored value from `u`, destroying the old value if there was
+  /// one.
+  template<class U = T, detail::enable_assign_forward<T, U>* = nullptr>
+  optional& operator=(U&& u)
+  {
+    if (has_value()) {
+      this->m_value = std::forward<U>(u);
+    } else {
+      this->construct(std::forward<U>(u));
+    }
+
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  /// Converting copy assignment operator.
+  ///
+  /// Copies the value from `rhs` if there is one. Otherwise resets the stored
+  /// value in `*this`.
+  template<class U, detail::enable_assign_from_other<T, U, const U&>* = nullptr>
+  optional& operator=(const optional<U>& rhs)
+  {
+    if (has_value()) {
+      if (rhs.has_value()) {
+        this->m_value = *rhs;
+      } else {
+        this->hard_reset();
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (rhs.has_value()) {
+      this->construct(*rhs);
+    }
+
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  // TODO check exception guarantee
+  /// Converting move assignment operator.
+  ///
+  /// Moves the value from `rhs` if there is one. Otherwise resets the stored
+  /// value in `*this`.
+  template<class U, detail::enable_assign_from_other<T, U, U>* = nullptr>
+  optional& operator=(optional<U>&& rhs)
+  {
+    if (has_value()) {
+      if (rhs.has_value()) {
+        this->m_value = std::move(*rhs);
+      } else {
+        this->hard_reset();
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (rhs.has_value()) {
+      this->construct(std::move(*rhs));
+    }
+
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  /// Constructs the value in-place, destroying the current one if there is
+  /// one.
+  template<class... Args>
+  T& emplace(Args&&... args)
+  {
+    static_assert(std::is_constructible<T, Args&&...>::value,
+                  "T must be constructible with Args");
+
+    *this = nullopt;
+    this->construct(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    return value();
+  }
+
+  template<class U, class... Args>
+  detail::enable_if_t<
+    std::is_constructible<T, std::initializer_list<U>&, Args&&...>::value,
+    T&>
+  emplace(std::initializer_list<U> il, Args&&... args)
+  {
+    *this = nullopt;
+    this->construct(il, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    return value();
+  }
+
+  /// Swaps this optional with the other.
+  ///
+  /// If neither optionals have a value, nothing happens.
+  /// If both have a value, the values are swapped.
+  /// If one has a value, it is moved to the other and the movee is left
+  /// valueless.
+  void swap(optional& rhs) noexcept(
+    std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<T>::value&&
+      detail::is_nothrow_swappable<T>::value)
+  {
+    using std::swap;
+    if (has_value()) {
+      if (rhs.has_value()) {
+        swap(**this, *rhs);
+      } else {
+        new (std::addressof(rhs.m_value)) T(std::move(this->m_value));
+        this->m_value.T::~T();
+      }
+    } else if (rhs.has_value()) {
+      new (std::addressof(this->m_value)) T(std::move(rhs.m_value));
+      rhs.m_value.T::~T();
+    }
+    swap(this->m_has_value, rhs.m_has_value);
+  }
+
+  /// Returns a pointer to the stored value
+  constexpr const T* operator->() const
+  {
+    return std::addressof(this->m_value);
+  }
+
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR T* operator->()
+  {
+    return std::addressof(this->m_value);
+  }
+
+  /// Returns the stored value
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR T& operator*() & { return this->m_value; }
+
+  constexpr const T& operator*() const& { return this->m_value; }
+
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR T&& operator*() &&
+  {
+    return std::move(this->m_value);
+  }
+
+#ifndef TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+  constexpr const T&& operator*() const&& { return std::move(this->m_value); }
+#endif
+
+  /// Returns whether or not the optional has a value
+  constexpr bool has_value() const noexcept { return this->m_has_value; }
+
+  constexpr explicit operator bool() const noexcept
+  {
+    return this->m_has_value;
+  }
+
+  /// Returns the contained value if there is one, otherwise throws
+  /// bad_optional_access
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR T& value() &
+  {
+    if (has_value())
+      return this->m_value;
+    throw bad_optional_access();
+  }
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR const T& value() const&
+  {
+    if (has_value())
+      return this->m_value;
+    throw bad_optional_access();
+  }
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR T&& value() &&
+  {
+    if (has_value())
+      return std::move(this->m_value);
+    throw bad_optional_access();
+  }
+
+#ifndef TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR const T&& value() const&&
+  {
+    if (has_value())
+      return std::move(this->m_value);
+    throw bad_optional_access();
+  }
+#endif
+
+  /// Returns the stored value if there is one, otherwise returns `u`
+  template<class U>
+  constexpr T value_or(U&& u) const&
+  {
+    static_assert(std::is_copy_constructible<T>::value &&
+                    std::is_convertible<U&&, T>::value,
+                  "T must be copy constructible and convertible from U");
+    return has_value() ? **this : static_cast<T>(std::forward<U>(u));
+  }
+
+  template<class U>
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR T value_or(U&& u) &&
+  {
+    static_assert(std::is_move_constructible<T>::value &&
+                    std::is_convertible<U&&, T>::value,
+                  "T must be move constructible and convertible from U");
+    return has_value() ? **this : static_cast<T>(std::forward<U>(u));
+  }
+
+  /// Destroys the stored value if one exists, making the optional empty
+  void reset() noexcept
+  {
+    if (has_value()) {
+      this->m_value.~T();
+      this->m_has_value = false;
+    }
+  }
+}; // namespace tl
+
+/// Compares two optional objects
+template<class T, class U>
+inline constexpr bool
+operator==(const optional<T>& lhs, const optional<U>& rhs)
+{
+  return lhs.has_value() == rhs.has_value() &&
+         (!lhs.has_value() || *lhs == *rhs);
+}
+template<class T, class U>
+inline constexpr bool
+operator!=(const optional<T>& lhs, const optional<U>& rhs)
+{
+  return lhs.has_value() != rhs.has_value() ||
+         (lhs.has_value() && *lhs != *rhs);
+}
+template<class T, class U>
+inline constexpr bool
+operator<(const optional<T>& lhs, const optional<U>& rhs)
+{
+  return rhs.has_value() && (!lhs.has_value() || *lhs < *rhs);
+}
+template<class T, class U>
+inline constexpr bool
+operator>(const optional<T>& lhs, const optional<U>& rhs)
+{
+  return lhs.has_value() && (!rhs.has_value() || *lhs > *rhs);
+}
+template<class T, class U>
+inline constexpr bool
+operator<=(const optional<T>& lhs, const optional<U>& rhs)
+{
+  return !lhs.has_value() || (rhs.has_value() && *lhs <= *rhs);
+}
+template<class T, class U>
+inline constexpr bool
+operator>=(const optional<T>& lhs, const optional<U>& rhs)
+{
+  return !rhs.has_value() || (lhs.has_value() && *lhs >= *rhs);
+}
+
+/// Compares an optional to a `nullopt`
+template<class T>
+inline constexpr bool
+operator==(const optional<T>& lhs, nullopt_t) noexcept
+{
+  return !lhs.has_value();
+}
+template<class T>
+inline constexpr bool
+operator==(nullopt_t, const optional<T>& rhs) noexcept
+{
+  return !rhs.has_value();
+}
+template<class T>
+inline constexpr bool
+operator!=(const optional<T>& lhs, nullopt_t) noexcept
+{
+  return lhs.has_value();
+}
+template<class T>
+inline constexpr bool
+operator!=(nullopt_t, const optional<T>& rhs) noexcept
+{
+  return rhs.has_value();
+}
+template<class T>
+inline constexpr bool
+operator<(const optional<T>&, nullopt_t) noexcept
+{
+  return false;
+}
+template<class T>
+inline constexpr bool
+operator<(nullopt_t, const optional<T>& rhs) noexcept
+{
+  return rhs.has_value();
+}
+template<class T>
+inline constexpr bool
+operator<=(const optional<T>& lhs, nullopt_t) noexcept
+{
+  return !lhs.has_value();
+}
+template<class T>
+inline constexpr bool
+operator<=(nullopt_t, const optional<T>&) noexcept
+{
+  return true;
+}
+template<class T>
+inline constexpr bool
+operator>(const optional<T>& lhs, nullopt_t) noexcept
+{
+  return lhs.has_value();
+}
+template<class T>
+inline constexpr bool
+operator>(nullopt_t, const optional<T>&) noexcept
+{
+  return false;
+}
+template<class T>
+inline constexpr bool
+operator>=(const optional<T>&, nullopt_t) noexcept
+{
+  return true;
+}
+template<class T>
+inline constexpr bool
+operator>=(nullopt_t, const optional<T>& rhs) noexcept
+{
+  return !rhs.has_value();
+}
+
+/// Compares the optional with a value.
+template<class T, class U>
+inline constexpr bool
+operator==(const optional<T>& lhs, const U& rhs)
+{
+  return lhs.has_value() ? *lhs == rhs : false;
+}
+template<class T, class U>
+inline constexpr bool
+operator==(const U& lhs, const optional<T>& rhs)
+{
+  return rhs.has_value() ? lhs == *rhs : false;
+}
+template<class T, class U>
+inline constexpr bool
+operator!=(const optional<T>& lhs, const U& rhs)
+{
+  return lhs.has_value() ? *lhs != rhs : true;
+}
+template<class T, class U>
+inline constexpr bool
+operator!=(const U& lhs, const optional<T>& rhs)
+{
+  return rhs.has_value() ? lhs != *rhs : true;
+}
+template<class T, class U>
+inline constexpr bool
+operator<(const optional<T>& lhs, const U& rhs)
+{
+  return lhs.has_value() ? *lhs < rhs : true;
+}
+template<class T, class U>
+inline constexpr bool
+operator<(const U& lhs, const optional<T>& rhs)
+{
+  return rhs.has_value() ? lhs < *rhs : false;
+}
+template<class T, class U>
+inline constexpr bool
+operator<=(const optional<T>& lhs, const U& rhs)
+{
+  return lhs.has_value() ? *lhs <= rhs : true;
+}
+template<class T, class U>
+inline constexpr bool
+operator<=(const U& lhs, const optional<T>& rhs)
+{
+  return rhs.has_value() ? lhs <= *rhs : false;
+}
+template<class T, class U>
+inline constexpr bool
+operator>(const optional<T>& lhs, const U& rhs)
+{
+  return lhs.has_value() ? *lhs > rhs : false;
+}
+template<class T, class U>
+inline constexpr bool
+operator>(const U& lhs, const optional<T>& rhs)
+{
+  return rhs.has_value() ? lhs > *rhs : true;
+}
+template<class T, class U>
+inline constexpr bool
+operator>=(const optional<T>& lhs, const U& rhs)
+{
+  return lhs.has_value() ? *lhs >= rhs : false;
+}
+template<class T, class U>
+inline constexpr bool
+operator>=(const U& lhs, const optional<T>& rhs)
+{
+  return rhs.has_value() ? lhs >= *rhs : true;
+}
+
+template<class T,
+         detail::enable_if_t<std::is_move_constructible<T>::value>* = nullptr,
+         detail::enable_if_t<detail::is_swappable<T>::value>* = nullptr>
+void
+swap(optional<T>& lhs, optional<T>& rhs) noexcept(noexcept(lhs.swap(rhs)))
+{
+  return lhs.swap(rhs);
+}
+
+namespace detail {
+struct i_am_secret
+{};
+} // namespace detail
+
+template<
+  class T = detail::i_am_secret,
+  class U,
+  class Ret = detail::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, detail::i_am_secret>::value,
+                                    detail::decay_t<U>,
+                                    T>>
+inline constexpr optional<Ret>
+make_optional(U&& v)
+{
+  return optional<Ret>(std::forward<U>(v));
+}
+
+template<class T, class... Args>
+inline constexpr optional<T>
+make_optional(Args&&... args)
+{
+  return optional<T>(in_place, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+}
+template<class T, class U, class... Args>
+inline constexpr optional<T>
+make_optional(std::initializer_list<U> il, Args&&... args)
+{
+  return optional<T>(in_place, il, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+}
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
+template<class T>
+optional(T) -> optional<T>;
+#endif
+
+/// \exclude
+namespace detail {
+#ifdef TL_OPTIONAL_CXX14
+template<class Opt,
+         class F,
+         class Ret = decltype(detail::invoke(std::declval<F>(),
+                                             *std::declval<Opt>())),
+         detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<Ret>::value>* = nullptr>
+constexpr auto
+optional_map_impl(Opt&& opt, F&& f)
+{
+  return opt.has_value()
+           ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), *std::forward<Opt>(opt))
+           : optional<Ret>(nullopt);
+}
+
+template<class Opt,
+         class F,
+         class Ret = decltype(detail::invoke(std::declval<F>(),
+                                             *std::declval<Opt>())),
+         detail::enable_if_t<std::is_void<Ret>::value>* = nullptr>
+auto
+optional_map_impl(Opt&& opt, F&& f)
+{
+  if (opt.has_value()) {
+    detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), *std::forward<Opt>(opt));
+    return make_optional(monostate{});
+  }
+
+  return optional<monostate>(nullopt);
+}
+#else
+template<class Opt,
+         class F,
+         class Ret = decltype(detail::invoke(std::declval<F>(),
+                                             *std::declval<Opt>())),
+         detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<Ret>::value>* = nullptr>
+
+constexpr auto
+optional_map_impl(Opt&& opt, F&& f) -> optional<Ret>
+{
+  return opt.has_value()
+           ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), *std::forward<Opt>(opt))
+           : optional<Ret>(nullopt);
+}
+
+template<class Opt,
+         class F,
+         class Ret = decltype(detail::invoke(std::declval<F>(),
+                                             *std::declval<Opt>())),
+         detail::enable_if_t<std::is_void<Ret>::value>* = nullptr>
+
+auto
+optional_map_impl(Opt&& opt, F&& f) -> optional<monostate>
+{
+  if (opt.has_value()) {
+    detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), *std::forward<Opt>(opt));
+    return monostate{};
+  }
+
+  return nullopt;
+}
+#endif
+} // namespace detail
+
+/// Specialization for when `T` is a reference. `optional<T&>` acts similarly
+/// to a `T*`, but provides more operations and shows intent more clearly.
+template<class T>
+class optional<T&>
+{
+public:
+// The different versions for C++14 and 11 are needed because deduced return
+// types are not SFINAE-safe. This provides better support for things like
+// generic lambdas. C.f.
+// http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2017/p0826r0.html
+#if defined(TL_OPTIONAL_CXX14) && !defined(TL_OPTIONAL_GCC49) &&               \
+  !defined(TL_OPTIONAL_GCC54) && !defined(TL_OPTIONAL_GCC55)
+
+  /// Carries out some operation which returns an optional on the stored
+  /// object if there is one.
+  template<class F>
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR auto and_then(F&& f) &
+  {
+    using result = detail::invoke_result_t<F, T&>;
+    static_assert(detail::is_optional<result>::value,
+                  "F must return an optional");
+
+    return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this)
+                       : result(nullopt);
+  }
+
+  template<class F>
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR auto and_then(F&& f) &&
+  {
+    using result = detail::invoke_result_t<F, T&>;
+    static_assert(detail::is_optional<result>::value,
+                  "F must return an optional");
+
+    return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this)
+                       : result(nullopt);
+  }
+
+  template<class F>
+  constexpr auto and_then(F&& f) const&
+  {
+    using result = detail::invoke_result_t<F, const T&>;
+    static_assert(detail::is_optional<result>::value,
+                  "F must return an optional");
+
+    return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this)
+                       : result(nullopt);
+  }
+
+#ifndef TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+  template<class F>
+  constexpr auto and_then(F&& f) const&&
+  {
+    using result = detail::invoke_result_t<F, const T&>;
+    static_assert(detail::is_optional<result>::value,
+                  "F must return an optional");
+
+    return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this)
+                       : result(nullopt);
+  }
+#endif
+#else
+  /// Carries out some operation which returns an optional on the stored
+  /// object if there is one.
+  template<class F>
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR detail::invoke_result_t<F, T&> and_then(F&& f) &
+  {
+    using result = detail::invoke_result_t<F, T&>;
+    static_assert(detail::is_optional<result>::value,
+                  "F must return an optional");
+
+    return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this)
+                       : result(nullopt);
+  }
+
+  template<class F>
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR detail::invoke_result_t<F, T&> and_then(F&& f) &&
+  {
+    using result = detail::invoke_result_t<F, T&>;
+    static_assert(detail::is_optional<result>::value,
+                  "F must return an optional");
+
+    return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this)
+                       : result(nullopt);
+  }
+
+  template<class F>
+  constexpr detail::invoke_result_t<F, const T&> and_then(F&& f) const&
+  {
+    using result = detail::invoke_result_t<F, const T&>;
+    static_assert(detail::is_optional<result>::value,
+                  "F must return an optional");
+
+    return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this)
+                       : result(nullopt);
+  }
+
+#ifndef TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+  template<class F>
+  constexpr detail::invoke_result_t<F, const T&> and_then(F&& f) const&&
+  {
+    using result = detail::invoke_result_t<F, const T&>;
+    static_assert(detail::is_optional<result>::value,
+                  "F must return an optional");
+
+    return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this)
+                       : result(nullopt);
+  }
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(TL_OPTIONAL_CXX14) && !defined(TL_OPTIONAL_GCC49) &&               \
+  !defined(TL_OPTIONAL_GCC54) && !defined(TL_OPTIONAL_GCC55)
+  /// Carries out some operation on the stored object if there is one.
+  template<class F>
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR auto map(F&& f) &
+  {
+    return detail::optional_map_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
+  }
+
+  template<class F>
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR auto map(F&& f) &&
+  {
+    return detail::optional_map_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
+  }
+
+  template<class F>
+  constexpr auto map(F&& f) const&
+  {
+    return detail::optional_map_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
+  }
+
+  template<class F>
+  constexpr auto map(F&& f) const&&
+  {
+    return detail::optional_map_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
+  }
+#else
+  /// Carries out some operation on the stored object if there is one.
+  template<class F>
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR decltype(detail::optional_map_impl(
+    std::declval<optional&>(),
+    std::declval<F&&>()))
+  map(F&& f) &
+  {
+    return detail::optional_map_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
+  }
+
+  template<class F>
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR decltype(detail::optional_map_impl(
+    std::declval<optional&&>(),
+    std::declval<F&&>()))
+  map(F&& f) &&
+  {
+    return detail::optional_map_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
+  }
+
+  template<class F>
+  constexpr decltype(detail::optional_map_impl(std::declval<const optional&>(),
+                                               std::declval<F&&>()))
+  map(F&& f) const&
+  {
+    return detail::optional_map_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
+  }
+
+#ifndef TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+  template<class F>
+  constexpr decltype(detail::optional_map_impl(std::declval<const optional&&>(),
+                                               std::declval<F&&>()))
+  map(F&& f) const&&
+  {
+    return detail::optional_map_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
+  }
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(TL_OPTIONAL_CXX14) && !defined(TL_OPTIONAL_GCC49) &&               \
+  !defined(TL_OPTIONAL_GCC54) && !defined(TL_OPTIONAL_GCC55)
+  /// Carries out some operation on the stored object if there is one.
+  template<class F>
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR auto transform(F&& f) &
+  {
+    return detail::optional_map_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
+  }
+
+  template<class F>
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR auto transform(F&& f) &&
+  {
+    return detail::optional_map_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
+  }
+
+  template<class F>
+  constexpr auto transform(F&& f) const&
+  {
+    return detail::optional_map_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
+  }
+
+  template<class F>
+  constexpr auto transform(F&& f) const&&
+  {
+    return detail::optional_map_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
+  }
+#else
+  /// Carries out some operation on the stored object if there is one.
+  template<class F>
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR decltype(detail::optional_map_impl(
+    std::declval<optional&>(),
+    std::declval<F&&>()))
+  transform(F&& f) &
+  {
+    return detail::optional_map_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
+  }
+
+  /// \group map
+  /// \synopsis template <class F> auto transform(F &&f) &&;
+  template<class F>
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR decltype(detail::optional_map_impl(
+    std::declval<optional&&>(),
+    std::declval<F&&>()))
+  transform(F&& f) &&
+  {
+    return detail::optional_map_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
+  }
+
+  template<class F>
+  constexpr decltype(detail::optional_map_impl(std::declval<const optional&>(),
+                                               std::declval<F&&>()))
+  transform(F&& f) const&
+  {
+    return detail::optional_map_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
+  }
+
+#ifndef TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+  template<class F>
+  constexpr decltype(detail::optional_map_impl(std::declval<const optional&&>(),
+                                               std::declval<F&&>()))
+  transform(F&& f) const&&
+  {
+    return detail::optional_map_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
+  }
+#endif
+#endif
+
+  /// Calls `f` if the optional is empty
+  template<class F, detail::enable_if_ret_void<F>* = nullptr>
+  optional<T> TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR or_else(F&& f) &
+  {
+    if (has_value())
+      return *this;
+
+    std::forward<F>(f)();
+    return nullopt;
+  }
+
+  template<class F, detail::disable_if_ret_void<F>* = nullptr>
+  optional<T> TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR or_else(F&& f) &
+  {
+    return has_value() ? *this : std::forward<F>(f)();
+  }
+
+  template<class F, detail::enable_if_ret_void<F>* = nullptr>
+  optional<T> or_else(F&& f) &&
+  {
+    if (has_value())
+      return std::move(*this);
+
+    std::forward<F>(f)();
+    return nullopt;
+  }
+
+  template<class F, detail::disable_if_ret_void<F>* = nullptr>
+  optional<T> TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR or_else(F&& f) &&
+  {
+    return has_value() ? std::move(*this) : std::forward<F>(f)();
+  }
+
+  template<class F, detail::enable_if_ret_void<F>* = nullptr>
+  optional<T> or_else(F&& f) const&
+  {
+    if (has_value())
+      return *this;
+
+    std::forward<F>(f)();
+    return nullopt;
+  }
+
+  template<class F, detail::disable_if_ret_void<F>* = nullptr>
+  optional<T> TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR or_else(F&& f) const&
+  {
+    return has_value() ? *this : std::forward<F>(f)();
+  }
+
+#ifndef TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+  template<class F, detail::enable_if_ret_void<F>* = nullptr>
+  optional<T> or_else(F&& f) const&&
+  {
+    if (has_value())
+      return std::move(*this);
+
+    std::forward<F>(f)();
+    return nullopt;
+  }
+
+  template<class F, detail::disable_if_ret_void<F>* = nullptr>
+  optional<T> or_else(F&& f) const&&
+  {
+    return has_value() ? std::move(*this) : std::forward<F>(f)();
+  }
+#endif
+
+  /// Maps the stored value with `f` if there is one, otherwise returns `u`
+  template<class F, class U>
+  U map_or(F&& f, U&& u) &
+  {
+    return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this)
+                       : std::forward<U>(u);
+  }
+
+  template<class F, class U>
+  U map_or(F&& f, U&& u) &&
+  {
+    return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), std::move(**this))
+                       : std::forward<U>(u);
+  }
+
+  template<class F, class U>
+  U map_or(F&& f, U&& u) const&
+  {
+    return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this)
+                       : std::forward<U>(u);
+  }
+
+#ifndef TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+  template<class F, class U>
+  U map_or(F&& f, U&& u) const&&
+  {
+    return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), std::move(**this))
+                       : std::forward<U>(u);
+  }
+#endif
+
+  /// Maps the stored value with `f` if there is one, otherwise calls
+  /// `u` and returns the result.
+  template<class F, class U>
+  detail::invoke_result_t<U> map_or_else(F&& f, U&& u) &
+  {
+    return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this)
+                       : std::forward<U>(u)();
+  }
+
+  template<class F, class U>
+  detail::invoke_result_t<U> map_or_else(F&& f, U&& u) &&
+  {
+    return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), std::move(**this))
+                       : std::forward<U>(u)();
+  }
+
+  template<class F, class U>
+  detail::invoke_result_t<U> map_or_else(F&& f, U&& u) const&
+  {
+    return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this)
+                       : std::forward<U>(u)();
+  }
+
+#ifndef TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+  template<class F, class U>
+  detail::invoke_result_t<U> map_or_else(F&& f, U&& u) const&&
+  {
+    return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), std::move(**this))
+                       : std::forward<U>(u)();
+  }
+#endif
+
+  /// Returns `u` if `*this` has a value, otherwise an empty optional.
+  template<class U>
+  constexpr optional<typename std::decay<U>::type> conjunction(U&& u) const
+  {
+    using result = optional<detail::decay_t<U>>;
+    return has_value() ? result{ u } : result{ nullopt };
+  }
+
+  /// Returns `rhs` if `*this` is empty, otherwise the current value.
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR optional disjunction(const optional& rhs) &
+  {
+    return has_value() ? *this : rhs;
+  }
+
+  constexpr optional disjunction(const optional& rhs) const&
+  {
+    return has_value() ? *this : rhs;
+  }
+
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR optional disjunction(const optional& rhs) &&
+  {
+    return has_value() ? std::move(*this) : rhs;
+  }
+
+#ifndef TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+  constexpr optional disjunction(const optional& rhs) const&&
+  {
+    return has_value() ? std::move(*this) : rhs;
+  }
+#endif
+
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR optional disjunction(optional&& rhs) &
+  {
+    return has_value() ? *this : std::move(rhs);
+  }
+
+  constexpr optional disjunction(optional&& rhs) const&
+  {
+    return has_value() ? *this : std::move(rhs);
+  }
+
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR optional disjunction(optional&& rhs) &&
+  {
+    return has_value() ? std::move(*this) : std::move(rhs);
+  }
+
+#ifndef TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+  constexpr optional disjunction(optional&& rhs) const&&
+  {
+    return has_value() ? std::move(*this) : std::move(rhs);
+  }
+#endif
+
+  /// Takes the value out of the optional, leaving it empty
+  optional take()
+  {
+    optional ret = std::move(*this);
+    reset();
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  using value_type = T&;
+
+  /// Constructs an optional that does not contain a value.
+  constexpr optional() noexcept
+    : m_value(nullptr)
+  {
+  }
+
+  constexpr optional(nullopt_t) noexcept
+    : m_value(nullptr)
+  {
+  }
+
+  /// Copy constructor
+  ///
+  /// If `rhs` contains a value, the stored value is direct-initialized with
+  /// it. Otherwise, the constructed optional is empty.
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR optional(const optional& rhs) noexcept = default;
+
+  /// Move constructor
+  ///
+  /// If `rhs` contains a value, the stored value is direct-initialized with
+  /// it. Otherwise, the constructed optional is empty.
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR optional(optional&& rhs) = default;
+
+  /// Constructs the stored value with `u`.
+  template<class U = T,
+           detail::enable_if_t<
+             !detail::is_optional<detail::decay_t<U>>::value>* = nullptr>
+  constexpr optional(U&& u) noexcept
+    : m_value(std::addressof(u))
+  {
+    static_assert(std::is_lvalue_reference<U>::value, "U must be an lvalue");
+  }
+
+  template<class U>
+  constexpr explicit optional(const optional<U>& rhs) noexcept
+    : optional(*rhs)
+  {
+  }
+
+  /// No-op
+  ~optional() = default;
+
+  /// Assignment to empty.
+  ///
+  /// Destroys the current value if there is one.
+  optional& operator=(nullopt_t) noexcept
+  {
+    m_value = nullptr;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  /// Copy assignment.
+  ///
+  /// Rebinds this optional to the referee of `rhs` if there is one. Otherwise
+  /// resets the stored value in `*this`.
+  optional& operator=(const optional& rhs) = default;
+
+  /// Rebinds this optional to `u`.
+  template<class U = T,
+           detail::enable_if_t<
+             !detail::is_optional<detail::decay_t<U>>::value>* = nullptr>
+  optional& operator=(U&& u)
+  {
+    static_assert(std::is_lvalue_reference<U>::value, "U must be an lvalue");
+    m_value = std::addressof(u);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  /// Converting copy assignment operator.
+  ///
+  /// Rebinds this optional to the referee of `rhs` if there is one. Otherwise
+  /// resets the stored value in `*this`.
+  template<class U>
+  optional& operator=(const optional<U>& rhs) noexcept
+  {
+    m_value = std::addressof(rhs.value());
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  /// Rebinds this optional to `u`.
+  template<class U = T,
+           detail::enable_if_t<
+             !detail::is_optional<detail::decay_t<U>>::value>* = nullptr>
+  optional& emplace(U&& u) noexcept
+  {
+    return *this = std::forward<U>(u);
+  }
+
+  void swap(optional& rhs) noexcept { std::swap(m_value, rhs.m_value); }
+
+  /// Returns a pointer to the stored value
+  constexpr const T* operator->() const noexcept { return m_value; }
+
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR T* operator->() noexcept { return m_value; }
+
+  /// Returns the stored value
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR T& operator*() noexcept { return *m_value; }
+
+  constexpr const T& operator*() const noexcept { return *m_value; }
+
+  constexpr bool has_value() const noexcept { return m_value != nullptr; }
+
+  constexpr explicit operator bool() const noexcept
+  {
+    return m_value != nullptr;
+  }
+
+  /// Returns the contained value if there is one, otherwise throws
+  /// bad_optional_access
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR T& value()
+  {
+    if (has_value())
+      return *m_value;
+    throw bad_optional_access();
+  }
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR const T& value() const
+  {
+    if (has_value())
+      return *m_value;
+    throw bad_optional_access();
+  }
+
+  /// Returns the stored value if there is one, otherwise returns `u`
+  template<class U>
+  constexpr T value_or(U&& u) const& noexcept
+  {
+    static_assert(std::is_copy_constructible<T>::value &&
+                    std::is_convertible<U&&, T>::value,
+                  "T must be copy constructible and convertible from U");
+    return has_value() ? **this : static_cast<T>(std::forward<U>(u));
+  }
+
+  /// \group value_or
+  template<class U>
+  TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR T value_or(U&& u) && noexcept
+  {
+    static_assert(std::is_move_constructible<T>::value &&
+                    std::is_convertible<U&&, T>::value,
+                  "T must be move constructible and convertible from U");
+    return has_value() ? **this : static_cast<T>(std::forward<U>(u));
+  }
+
+  /// Destroys the stored value if one exists, making the optional empty
+  void reset() noexcept { m_value = nullptr; }
+
+private:
+  T* m_value;
+}; // namespace tl
+
+} // namespace tl
+
+namespace std {
+// TODO SFINAE
+template<class T>
+struct hash<tl::optional<T>>
+{
+  ::std::size_t operator()(const tl::optional<T>& o) const
+  {
+    if (!o.has_value())
+      return 0;
+
+    return std::hash<tl::detail::remove_const_t<T>>()(*o);
+  }
+};
+} // namespace std
+
+#endif