v86 0.3.6 → 0.4.0

package/bios/seabios/src/stacks.c

@@ -0,0 +1,771 @@
+// Code for manipulating stack locations.
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2009-2015  Kevin O'Connor <kevin@koconnor.net>
+//
+// This file may be distributed under the terms of the GNU LGPLv3 license.
+
+#include "biosvar.h" // GET_GLOBAL
+#include "bregs.h" // CR0_PE
+#include "fw/paravirt.h" // PORT_SMI_CMD
+#include "hw/rtc.h" // rtc_use
+#include "list.h" // hlist_node
+#include "malloc.h" // free
+#include "output.h" // dprintf
+#include "romfile.h" // romfile_loadint
+#include "stacks.h" // struct mutex_s
+#include "string.h" // memset
+#include "util.h" // useRTC
+
+#define MAIN_STACK_MAX (1024*1024)
+
+
+/****************************************************************
+ * 16bit / 32bit calling
+ ****************************************************************/
+
+struct {
+    u8 method;
+    u8 cmosindex;
+    u8 a20;
+    u16 ss, fs, gs;
+    u32 cr0;
+    struct descloc_s gdt;
+} Call16Data VARLOW;
+
+#define C16_BIG 1
+#define C16_SMM 2
+
+int HaveSmmCall32 VARFSEG;
+
+// Backup state in preparation for call32
+static int
+call32_prep(u8 method)
+{
+    if (!CONFIG_CALL32_SMM || method != C16_SMM) {
+        // Backup cr0
+        u32 cr0 = cr0_read();
+        if (cr0 & CR0_PE)
+            // Called in 16bit protected mode?!
+            return -1;
+        SET_LOW(Call16Data.cr0, cr0);
+
+        // Backup fs/gs and gdt
+        SET_LOW(Call16Data.fs, GET_SEG(FS));
+        SET_LOW(Call16Data.gs, GET_SEG(GS));
+        struct descloc_s gdt;
+        sgdt(&gdt);
+        SET_LOW(Call16Data.gdt.length, gdt.length);
+        SET_LOW(Call16Data.gdt.addr, gdt.addr);
+
+        // Enable a20 and backup its previous state
+        SET_LOW(Call16Data.a20, set_a20(1));
+    }
+
+    // Backup ss
+    SET_LOW(Call16Data.ss, GET_SEG(SS));
+
+    // Backup cmos index register and disable nmi
+    u8 cmosindex = inb(PORT_CMOS_INDEX);
+    if (!(cmosindex & NMI_DISABLE_BIT)) {
+        outb(cmosindex | NMI_DISABLE_BIT, PORT_CMOS_INDEX);
+        inb(PORT_CMOS_DATA);
+    }
+    SET_LOW(Call16Data.cmosindex, cmosindex);
+
+    SET_LOW(Call16Data.method, method);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+// Restore state backed up during call32
+static u8
+call32_post(void)
+{
+    u8 method = GET_LOW(Call16Data.method);
+    SET_LOW(Call16Data.method, 0);
+    SET_LOW(Call16Data.ss, 0);
+
+    if (!CONFIG_CALL32_SMM || method != C16_SMM) {
+        // Restore a20
+        u8 a20 = GET_LOW(Call16Data.a20);
+        if (!a20)
+            set_a20(0);
+
+        // Restore gdt and fs/gs
+        struct descloc_s gdt;
+        gdt.length = GET_LOW(Call16Data.gdt.length);
+        gdt.addr = GET_LOW(Call16Data.gdt.addr);
+        lgdt(&gdt);
+        SET_SEG(FS, GET_LOW(Call16Data.fs));
+        SET_SEG(GS, GET_LOW(Call16Data.gs));
+
+        // Restore cr0
+        u32 cr0_caching = GET_LOW(Call16Data.cr0) & (CR0_CD|CR0_NW);
+        if (cr0_caching)
+            cr0_mask(CR0_CD|CR0_NW, cr0_caching);
+    }
+
+    // Restore cmos index register
+    u8 cmosindex = GET_LOW(Call16Data.cmosindex);
+    if (!(cmosindex & NMI_DISABLE_BIT)) {
+        outb(cmosindex, PORT_CMOS_INDEX);
+        inb(PORT_CMOS_DATA);
+    }
+    return method;
+}
+
+// Force next call16() to restore to a pristine cpu environment state
+static void
+call16_override(int big)
+{
+    ASSERT32FLAT();
+    if (getesp() > BUILD_STACK_ADDR)
+        panic("call16_override with invalid stack\n");
+    memset(&Call16Data, 0, sizeof(Call16Data));
+    if (big) {
+        Call16Data.method = C16_BIG;
+        Call16Data.a20 = 1;
+    } else {
+        Call16Data.a20 = !CONFIG_DISABLE_A20;
+    }
+}
+
+// 16bit handler code called from call16() / call16_smm()
+u32 VISIBLE16
+call16_helper(u32 eax, u32 edx, u32 (*func)(u32 eax, u32 edx))
+{
+    u8 method = call32_post();
+    u32 ret = func(eax, edx);
+    call32_prep(method);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+#define ASM32_SWITCH16 "  .pushsection .text.32fseg." UNIQSEC "\n  .code16\n"
+#define ASM32_BACK32   "  .popsection\n  .code32\n"
+#define ASM16_SWITCH32 "  .code32\n"
+#define ASM16_BACK16   "  .code16gcc\n"
+
+// Call a SeaBIOS C function in 32bit mode using smm trampoline
+static u32
+call32_smm(void *func, u32 eax)
+{
+    ASSERT16();
+    dprintf(9, "call32_smm %p %x\n", func, eax);
+    call32_prep(C16_SMM);
+    u32 bkup_esp;
+    asm volatile(
+        // Backup esp / set esp to flat stack location
+        "  movl %%esp, %0\n"
+        "  movl %%ss, %%eax\n"
+        "  shll $4, %%eax\n"
+        "  addl %%eax, %%esp\n"
+
+        // Transition to 32bit mode, call func, return to 16bit
+        "  movl $" __stringify(CALL32SMM_CMDID) ", %%eax\n"
+        "  movl $" __stringify(CALL32SMM_ENTERID) ", %%ecx\n"
+        "  movl $(" __stringify(BUILD_BIOS_ADDR) " + 1f), %%ebx\n"
+        "  outb %%al, $" __stringify(PORT_SMI_CMD) "\n"
+        "  rep; nop\n"
+        "  hlt\n"
+
+        ASM16_SWITCH32
+        "1:movl %1, %%eax\n"
+        "  calll *%2\n"
+        "  movl %%eax, %1\n"
+
+        "  movl $" __stringify(CALL32SMM_CMDID) ", %%eax\n"
+        "  movl $" __stringify(CALL32SMM_RETURNID) ", %%ecx\n"
+        "  movl $2f, %%ebx\n"
+        "  outb %%al, $" __stringify(PORT_SMI_CMD) "\n"
+        "  rep; nop\n"
+        "  hlt\n"
+
+        // Restore esp
+        ASM16_BACK16
+        "2:movl %0, %%esp\n"
+        : "=&r" (bkup_esp), "+r" (eax)
+        : "r" (func)
+        : "eax", "ecx", "edx", "ebx", "cc", "memory");
+    call32_post();
+
+    dprintf(9, "call32_smm done %p %x\n", func, eax);
+    return eax;
+}
+
+static u32
+call16_smm(u32 eax, u32 edx, void *func)
+{
+    ASSERT32FLAT();
+    if (!CONFIG_CALL32_SMM)
+        return eax;
+    func -= BUILD_BIOS_ADDR;
+    dprintf(9, "call16_smm %p %x %x\n", func, eax, edx);
+    u32 stackoffset = Call16Data.ss << 4;
+    asm volatile(
+        // Restore esp
+        "  subl %0, %%esp\n"
+
+        // Transition to 16bit mode, call func, return to 32bit
+        "  movl $" __stringify(CALL32SMM_CMDID) ", %%eax\n"
+        "  movl $" __stringify(CALL32SMM_RETURNID) ", %%ecx\n"
+        "  movl $(1f - " __stringify(BUILD_BIOS_ADDR) "), %%ebx\n"
+        "  outb %%al, $" __stringify(PORT_SMI_CMD) "\n"
+        "  rep; nop\n"
+        "  hlt\n"
+
+        ASM32_SWITCH16
+        "1:movl %1, %%eax\n"
+        "  movl %3, %%ecx\n"
+        "  calll _cfunc16_call16_helper\n"
+        "  movl %%eax, %1\n"
+
+        "  movl $" __stringify(CALL32SMM_CMDID) ", %%eax\n"
+        "  movl $" __stringify(CALL32SMM_ENTERID) ", %%ecx\n"
+        "  movl $2f, %%ebx\n"
+        "  outb %%al, $" __stringify(PORT_SMI_CMD) "\n"
+        "  rep; nop\n"
+        "  hlt\n"
+
+        // Set esp to flat stack location
+        ASM32_BACK32
+        "2:addl %0, %%esp\n"
+        : "+r" (stackoffset), "+r" (eax), "+d" (edx)
+        : "r" (func)
+        : "eax", "ecx", "ebx", "cc", "memory");
+    return eax;
+}
+
+// Call a 32bit SeaBIOS function from a 16bit SeaBIOS function.
+u32 VISIBLE16
+__call32(void *func, u32 eax, u32 errret)
+{
+    ASSERT16();
+    if (CONFIG_CALL32_SMM && GET_GLOBAL(HaveSmmCall32))
+        return call32_smm(func, eax);
+    // Jump direclty to 32bit mode - this clobbers the 16bit segment
+    // selector registers.
+    int ret = call32_prep(C16_BIG);
+    if (ret)
+        return errret;
+    u32 bkup_ss, bkup_esp;
+    asm volatile(
+        // Backup ss/esp / set esp to flat stack location
+        "  movl %%ss, %0\n"
+        "  movl %%esp, %1\n"
+        "  shll $4, %0\n"
+        "  addl %0, %%esp\n"
+        "  shrl $4, %0\n"
+
+        // Transition to 32bit mode, call func, return to 16bit
+        "  movl $(" __stringify(BUILD_BIOS_ADDR) " + 1f), %%edx\n"
+        "  jmp transition32_nmi_off\n"
+        ASM16_SWITCH32
+        "1:calll *%3\n"
+        "  movl $2f, %%edx\n"
+        "  jmp transition16big\n"
+
+        // Restore ds/ss/esp
+        ASM16_BACK16
+        "2:movl %0, %%ds\n"
+        "  movl %0, %%ss\n"
+        "  movl %1, %%esp\n"
+        : "=&r" (bkup_ss), "=&r" (bkup_esp), "+a" (eax)
+        : "r" (func)
+        : "ecx", "edx", "cc", "memory");
+    call32_post();
+    return eax;
+}
+
+// Call a 16bit SeaBIOS function, restoring the mode from last call32().
+static u32
+call16(u32 eax, u32 edx, void *func)
+{
+    ASSERT32FLAT();
+    if (getesp() > MAIN_STACK_MAX)
+        panic("call16 with invalid stack\n");
+    if (CONFIG_CALL32_SMM && Call16Data.method == C16_SMM)
+        return call16_smm(eax, edx, func);
+
+    extern void transition16big(void);
+    extern void transition16(void);
+    void *thunk = transition16;
+    if (Call16Data.method == C16_BIG || in_post())
+        thunk = transition16big;
+    func -= BUILD_BIOS_ADDR;
+    u32 stackseg = Call16Data.ss;
+    asm volatile(
+        // Transition to 16bit mode
+        "  movl $(1f - " __stringify(BUILD_BIOS_ADDR) "), %%edx\n"
+        "  jmp *%%ecx\n"
+        // Setup ss/esp and call func
+        ASM32_SWITCH16
+        "1:movl %2, %%ecx\n"
+        "  shll $4, %2\n"
+        "  movw %%cx, %%ss\n"
+        "  subl %2, %%esp\n"
+        "  movw %%cx, %%ds\n"
+        "  movl %4, %%edx\n"
+        "  movl %3, %%ecx\n"
+        "  calll _cfunc16_call16_helper\n"
+        // Return to 32bit and restore esp
+        "  movl $2f, %%edx\n"
+        "  jmp transition32_nmi_off\n"
+        ASM32_BACK32
+        "2:addl %2, %%esp\n"
+        : "+a" (eax), "+c"(thunk), "+r"(stackseg)
+        : "r" (func), "r" (edx)
+        : "edx", "cc", "memory");
+    return eax;
+}
+
+
+/****************************************************************
+ * Extra 16bit stack
+ ****************************************************************/
+
+// Space for a stack for 16bit code.
+u8 ExtraStack[BUILD_EXTRA_STACK_SIZE+1] VARLOW __aligned(8);
+u8 *StackPos VARLOW;
+
+// Test if currently on the extra stack
+int
+on_extra_stack(void)
+{
+    return MODE16 && GET_SEG(SS) == SEG_LOW && getesp() > (u32)ExtraStack;
+}
+
+// Switch to the extra stack and call a function.
+u32
+__stack_hop(u32 eax, u32 edx, void *func)
+{
+    if (on_extra_stack())
+        return ((u32 (*)(u32, u32))func)(eax, edx);
+    ASSERT16();
+    u16 stack_seg = SEG_LOW;
+    u32 bkup_ss, bkup_esp;
+    asm volatile(
+        // Backup current %ss/%esp values.
+        "movw %%ss, %w3\n"
+        "movl %%esp, %4\n"
+        // Copy stack seg to %ds/%ss and set %esp
+        "movw %w6, %%ds\n"
+        "movw %w6, %%ss\n"
+        "movl %5, %%esp\n"
+        "pushl %3\n"
+        "pushl %4\n"
+        // Call func
+        "calll *%2\n"
+        "popl %4\n"
+        "popl %3\n"
+        // Restore segments and stack
+        "movw %w3, %%ds\n"
+        "movw %w3, %%ss\n"
+        "movl %4, %%esp"
+        : "+a" (eax), "+d" (edx), "+c" (func), "=&r" (bkup_ss), "=&r" (bkup_esp)
+        : "m" (StackPos), "r" (stack_seg)
+        : "cc", "memory");
+    return eax;
+}
+
+// Switch back to original caller's stack and call a function.
+u32
+__stack_hop_back(u32 eax, u32 edx, void *func)
+{
+    if (!MODESEGMENT)
+        return call16(eax, edx, func);
+    if (!MODE16 || !on_extra_stack())
+        return ((u32 (*)(u32, u32))func)(eax, edx);
+    ASSERT16();
+    u16 bkup_ss;
+    u32 bkup_stack_pos, temp;
+    asm volatile(
+        // Backup stack_pos and current %ss/%esp
+        "movl %6, %4\n"
+        "movw %%ss, %w3\n"
+        "movl %%esp, %6\n"
+        // Restore original callers' %ss/%esp
+        "movl -4(%4), %5\n"
+        "movl %5, %%ss\n"
+        "movw %%ds:-8(%4), %%sp\n"
+        "movl %5, %%ds\n"
+        // Call func
+        "calll *%2\n"
+        // Restore %ss/%esp and stack_pos
+        "movw %w3, %%ds\n"
+        "movw %w3, %%ss\n"
+        "movl %6, %%esp\n"
+        "movl %4, %6"
+        : "+a" (eax), "+d" (edx), "+c" (func), "=&r" (bkup_ss)
+          , "=&r" (bkup_stack_pos), "=&r" (temp), "+m" (StackPos)
+        :
+        : "cc", "memory");
+    return eax;
+}
+
+
+/****************************************************************
+ * External 16bit interface calling
+ ****************************************************************/
+
+// Far call 16bit code with a specified register state.
+void VISIBLE16
+_farcall16(struct bregs *callregs, u16 callregseg)
+{
+    if (need_hop_back()) {
+        stack_hop_back(_farcall16, callregs, callregseg);
+        return;
+    }
+    ASSERT16();
+    asm volatile(
+        "calll __farcall16\n"
+        : "+a" (callregs), "+m" (*callregs), "+d" (callregseg)
+        :
+        : "ebx", "ecx", "esi", "edi", "cc", "memory");
+}
+
+// Invoke external 16bit code.
+void
+farcall16(struct bregs *callregs)
+{
+    call16_override(0);
+    _farcall16(callregs, 0);
+}
+
+// Invoke external 16bit code in "big real" mode.
+void
+farcall16big(struct bregs *callregs)
+{
+    call16_override(1);
+    _farcall16(callregs, 0);
+}
+
+// Invoke a 16bit software interrupt.
+void
+__call16_int(struct bregs *callregs, u16 offset)
+{
+    callregs->code.offset = offset;
+    if (!MODESEGMENT) {
+        callregs->code.seg = SEG_BIOS;
+        _farcall16((void*)callregs - Call16Data.ss * 16, Call16Data.ss);
+        return;
+    }
+    callregs->code.seg = GET_SEG(CS);
+    _farcall16(callregs, GET_SEG(SS));
+}
+
+// Reset the machine
+void
+reset(void)
+{
+    extern void reset_vector(void) __noreturn;
+    if (!MODE16)
+        call16(0, 0, reset_vector);
+    reset_vector();
+}
+
+
+/****************************************************************
+ * Threads
+ ****************************************************************/
+
+// Thread info - stored at bottom of each thread stack - don't change
+// without also updating the inline assembler below.
+struct thread_info {
+    void *stackpos;
+    struct hlist_node node;
+};
+struct thread_info MainThread VARFSEG = {
+    NULL, { &MainThread.node, &MainThread.node.next }
+};
+#define THREADSTACKSIZE 4096
+
+// Check if any threads are running.
+static int
+have_threads(void)
+{
+    return (CONFIG_THREADS
+            && GET_FLATPTR(MainThread.node.next) != &MainThread.node);
+}
+
+// Return the 'struct thread_info' for the currently running thread.
+struct thread_info *
+getCurThread(void)
+{
+    u32 esp = getesp();
+    if (esp <= MAIN_STACK_MAX)
+        return &MainThread;
+    return (void*)ALIGN_DOWN(esp, THREADSTACKSIZE);
+}
+
+static u8 CanInterrupt, ThreadControl;
+
+// Initialize the support for internal threads.
+void
+thread_setup(void)
+{
+    CanInterrupt = 1;
+    call16_override(1);
+    if (! CONFIG_THREADS)
+        return;
+    ThreadControl = romfile_loadint("etc/threads", 1);
+}
+
+// Should hardware initialization threads run during optionrom execution.
+int
+threads_during_optionroms(void)
+{
+    return CONFIG_THREADS && CONFIG_RTC_TIMER && ThreadControl == 2 && in_post();
+}
+
+// Switch to next thread stack.
+static void
+switch_next(struct thread_info *cur)
+{
+    struct thread_info *next = container_of(
+        cur->node.next, struct thread_info, node);
+    if (cur == next)
+        // Nothing to do.
+        return;
+    asm volatile(
+        "  pushl $1f\n"                 // store return pc
+        "  pushl %%ebp\n"               // backup %ebp
+        "  movl %%esp, (%%eax)\n"       // cur->stackpos = %esp
+        "  movl (%%ecx), %%esp\n"       // %esp = next->stackpos
+        "  popl %%ebp\n"                // restore %ebp
+        "  retl\n"                      // restore pc
+        "1:\n"
+        : "+a"(cur), "+c"(next)
+        :
+        : "ebx", "edx", "esi", "edi", "cc", "memory");
+}
+
+// Last thing called from a thread (called on MainThread stack).
+static void
+__end_thread(struct thread_info *old)
+{
+    hlist_del(&old->node);
+    dprintf(DEBUG_thread, "\\%08x/ End thread\n", (u32)old);
+    free(old);
+    if (!have_threads())
+        dprintf(1, "All threads complete.\n");
+}
+
+// Create a new thread and start executing 'func' in it.
+void
+run_thread(void (*func)(void*), void *data)
+{
+    ASSERT32FLAT();
+    if (! CONFIG_THREADS || ! ThreadControl)
+        goto fail;
+    struct thread_info *thread;
+    thread = memalign_tmphigh(THREADSTACKSIZE, THREADSTACKSIZE);
+    if (!thread)
+        goto fail;
+
+    dprintf(DEBUG_thread, "/%08x\\ Start thread\n", (u32)thread);
+    thread->stackpos = (void*)thread + THREADSTACKSIZE;
+    struct thread_info *cur = getCurThread();
+    hlist_add_after(&thread->node, &cur->node);
+    asm volatile(
+        // Start thread
+        "  pushl $1f\n"                 // store return pc
+        "  pushl %%ebp\n"               // backup %ebp
+        "  movl %%esp, (%%edx)\n"       // cur->stackpos = %esp
+        "  movl (%%ebx), %%esp\n"       // %esp = thread->stackpos
+        "  calll *%%ecx\n"              // Call func
+
+        // End thread
+        "  movl %%ebx, %%eax\n"         // %eax = thread
+        "  movl 4(%%ebx), %%ebx\n"      // %ebx = thread->node.next
+        "  movl (%5), %%esp\n"          // %esp = MainThread.stackpos
+        "  calll %4\n"                  // call __end_thread(thread)
+        "  movl -4(%%ebx), %%esp\n"     // %esp = next->stackpos
+        "  popl %%ebp\n"                // restore %ebp
+        "  retl\n"                      // restore pc
+        "1:\n"
+        : "+a"(data), "+c"(func), "+b"(thread), "+d"(cur)
+        : "m"(*(u8*)__end_thread), "m"(MainThread)
+        : "esi", "edi", "cc", "memory");
+    return;
+
+fail:
+    func(data);
+}
+
+
+/****************************************************************
+ * Thread helpers
+ ****************************************************************/
+
+// Low-level irq enable.
+void VISIBLE16
+check_irqs(void)
+{
+    if (!MODESEGMENT && !CanInterrupt) {
+        // Can't enable interrupts (PIC and/or IVT not yet setup)
+        cpu_relax();
+        return;
+    }
+    if (need_hop_back()) {
+        stack_hop_back(check_irqs, 0, 0);
+        return;
+    }
+    if (MODE16)
+        clock_poll_irq();
+    asm volatile("sti ; nop ; rep ; nop ; cli ; cld" : : :"memory");
+}
+
+// Briefly permit irqs to occur.
+void
+yield(void)
+{
+    if (MODESEGMENT || !CONFIG_THREADS) {
+        check_irqs();
+        return;
+    }
+    struct thread_info *cur = getCurThread();
+    if (cur == &MainThread)
+        // Permit irqs to fire
+        check_irqs();
+
+    // Switch to the next thread
+    switch_next(cur);
+}
+
+void VISIBLE16
+wait_irq(void)
+{
+    if (need_hop_back()) {
+        stack_hop_back(wait_irq, 0, 0);
+        return;
+    }
+    asm volatile("sti ; hlt ; cli ; cld": : :"memory");
+}
+
+// Wait for next irq to occur.
+void
+yield_toirq(void)
+{
+    if (!CONFIG_HARDWARE_IRQ
+        || (!MODESEGMENT && (have_threads() || !CanInterrupt))) {
+        // Threads still active or irqs not available - do a yield instead.
+        yield();
+        return;
+    }
+    wait_irq();
+}
+
+// Wait for all threads (other than the main thread) to complete.
+void
+wait_threads(void)
+{
+    ASSERT32FLAT();
+    while (have_threads())
+        yield();
+}
+
+void
+mutex_lock(struct mutex_s *mutex)
+{
+    ASSERT32FLAT();
+    if (! CONFIG_THREADS)
+        return;
+    while (mutex->isLocked)
+        yield();
+    mutex->isLocked = 1;
+}
+
+void
+mutex_unlock(struct mutex_s *mutex)
+{
+    ASSERT32FLAT();
+    if (! CONFIG_THREADS)
+        return;
+    mutex->isLocked = 0;
+}
+
+
+/****************************************************************
+ * Thread preemption
+ ****************************************************************/
+
+int CanPreempt VARFSEG;
+static u32 PreemptCount;
+
+// Turn on RTC irqs and arrange for them to check the 32bit threads.
+void
+start_preempt(void)
+{
+    if (! threads_during_optionroms())
+        return;
+    CanPreempt = 1;
+    PreemptCount = 0;
+    rtc_use();
+}
+
+// Turn off RTC irqs / stop checking for thread execution.
+void
+finish_preempt(void)
+{
+    if (! threads_during_optionroms()) {
+        yield();
+        return;
+    }
+    CanPreempt = 0;
+    rtc_release();
+    dprintf(9, "Done preempt - %d checks\n", PreemptCount);
+    yield();
+}
+
+// Check if preemption is on, and wait for it to complete if so.
+int
+wait_preempt(void)
+{
+    if (MODESEGMENT || !CONFIG_THREADS || !CanPreempt
+        || getesp() < MAIN_STACK_MAX)
+        return 0;
+    while (CanPreempt)
+        yield();
+    return 1;
+}
+
+// Try to execute 32bit threads.
+void VISIBLE32INIT
+yield_preempt(void)
+{
+    PreemptCount++;
+    switch_next(&MainThread);
+}
+
+// 16bit code that checks if threads are pending and executes them if so.
+void
+check_preempt(void)
+{
+    if (CONFIG_THREADS && GET_GLOBAL(CanPreempt) && have_threads())
+        call32(yield_preempt, 0, 0);
+}
+
+
+/****************************************************************
+ * call32 helper
+ ****************************************************************/
+
+struct call32_params_s {
+    void *func;
+    u32 eax, edx, ecx;
+};
+
+u32 VISIBLE32FLAT
+call32_params_helper(struct call32_params_s *params)
+{
+    return ((u32 (*)(u32, u32, u32))params->func)(
+        params->eax, params->edx, params->ecx);
+}
+
+u32
+__call32_params(void *func, u32 eax, u32 edx, u32 ecx, u32 errret)
+{
+    ASSERT16();
+    struct call32_params_s params = {func, eax, edx, ecx};
+    return call32(call32_params_helper, MAKE_FLATPTR(GET_SEG(SS), &params)
+                  , errret);
+}