claude-skill-lord 1.5.0

package/skills/tier-1/ui-styling/references/shadcn-accessibility.md

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+# shadcn/ui Accessibility Patterns
+
+ARIA patterns, keyboard navigation, screen reader support, and accessible component usage.
+
+## Foundation: Radix UI Primitives
+
+shadcn/ui built on Radix UI primitives - unstyled, accessible components following WAI-ARIA design patterns.
+
+Benefits:
+- Keyboard navigation built-in
+- Screen reader announcements
+- Focus management
+- ARIA attributes automatically applied
+- Tested against accessibility standards
+
+## Keyboard Navigation
+
+### Focus Management
+
+**Focus visible states:**
+```tsx
+<Button className="focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-ring focus-visible:ring-offset-2">
+  Accessible Button
+</Button>
+```
+
+**Skip to content:**
+```tsx
+<a href="#main-content" className="sr-only focus:not-sr-only focus:absolute focus:top-4 focus:left-4 focus:z-50 focus:px-4 focus:py-2">
+  Skip to content
+</a>
+
+<main id="main-content">
+  {/* Content */}
+</main>
+```
+
+### Dialog/Modal Navigation
+
+Dialogs trap focus automatically via Radix Dialog primitive:
+
+```tsx
+import { Dialog, DialogContent, DialogTrigger } from "@/components/ui/dialog"
+
+<Dialog>
+  <DialogTrigger>Open</DialogTrigger>
+  <DialogContent>
+    {/* Focus trapped here */}
+    <input />  {/* Auto-focused */}
+    <Button>Action</Button>
+    {/* Esc to close, Tab to navigate */}
+  </DialogContent>
+</Dialog>
+```
+
+Features:
+- Focus trapped within dialog
+- Esc key closes
+- Tab cycles through focusable elements
+- Focus returns to trigger on close
+
+### Dropdown/Menu Navigation
+
+```tsx
+import { DropdownMenu, DropdownMenuContent, DropdownMenuItem, DropdownMenuTrigger } from "@/components/ui/dropdown-menu"
+
+<DropdownMenu>
+  <DropdownMenuTrigger>Open</DropdownMenuTrigger>
+  <DropdownMenuContent>
+    <DropdownMenuItem>Profile</DropdownMenuItem>
+    <DropdownMenuItem>Settings</DropdownMenuItem>
+    <DropdownMenuItem>Logout</DropdownMenuItem>
+  </DropdownMenuContent>
+</DropdownMenu>
+```
+
+Keyboard shortcuts:
+- `Space/Enter`: Open menu
+- `Arrow Up/Down`: Navigate items
+- `Esc`: Close menu
+- `Tab`: Close and move focus
+
+### Command Palette Navigation
+
+```tsx
+import { Command } from "@/components/ui/command"
+
+<Command>
+  <CommandInput placeholder="Search..." />
+  <CommandList>
+    <CommandGroup heading="Suggestions">
+      <CommandItem>Calendar</CommandItem>
+      <CommandItem>Search</CommandItem>
+    </CommandGroup>
+  </CommandList>
+</Command>
+```
+
+Features:
+- Type to filter
+- Arrow keys to navigate
+- Enter to select
+- Esc to close
+
+## Screen Reader Support
+
+### Semantic HTML
+
+Use proper HTML elements:
+
+```tsx
+// Good: Semantic HTML
+<button>Click me</button>
+<nav><a href="/">Home</a></nav>
+
+// Avoid: Div soup
+<div onClick={handler}>Click me</div>
+```
+
+### ARIA Labels
+
+**Label interactive elements:**
+```tsx
+<Button aria-label="Close dialog">
+  <X className="h-4 w-4" />
+</Button>
+
+<Input aria-label="Email address" type="email" />
+```
+
+**Describe elements:**
+```tsx
+<Button aria-describedby="delete-description">
+  Delete Account
+</Button>
+<p id="delete-description" className="sr-only">
+  This action permanently deletes your account and cannot be undone
+</p>
+```
+
+### Screen Reader Only Text
+
+Use `sr-only` class for screen reader only content:
+
+```tsx
+<Button>
+  <Trash className="h-4 w-4" />
+  <span className="sr-only">Delete item</span>
+</Button>
+
+// CSS for sr-only
+.sr-only {
+  position: absolute;
+  width: 1px;
+  height: 1px;
+  padding: 0;
+  margin: -1px;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
+  white-space: nowrap;
+  border-width: 0;
+}
+```
+
+### Live Regions
+
+Announce dynamic content:
+
+```tsx
+<div aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true">
+  {message}
+</div>
+
+// For urgent updates
+<div aria-live="assertive">
+  {error}
+</div>
+```
+
+Toast component includes live region:
+```tsx
+const { toast } = useToast()
+
+toast({
+  title: "Success",
+  description: "Profile updated"
+})
+// Announced to screen readers automatically
+```
+
+## Form Accessibility
+
+### Labels and Descriptions
+
+**Always label inputs:**
+```tsx
+import { Label } from "@/components/ui/label"
+import { Input } from "@/components/ui/input"
+
+<div>
+  <Label htmlFor="email">Email</Label>
+  <Input id="email" type="email" />
+</div>
+```
+
+**Add descriptions:**
+```tsx
+import { FormDescription, FormMessage } from "@/components/ui/form"
+
+<FormItem>
+  <FormLabel>Username</FormLabel>
+  <FormControl>
+    <Input {...field} />
+  </FormControl>
+  <FormDescription>
+    Your public display name
+  </FormDescription>
+  <FormMessage />  {/* Error messages */}
+</FormItem>
+```
+
+### Error Handling
+
+Announce errors to screen readers:
+
+```tsx
+<FormField
+  control={form.control}
+  name="email"
+  render={({ field, fieldState }) => (
+    <FormItem>
+      <FormLabel>Email</FormLabel>
+      <FormControl>
+        <Input
+          {...field}
+          aria-invalid={!!fieldState.error}
+          aria-describedby={fieldState.error ? "email-error" : undefined}
+        />
+      </FormControl>
+      <FormMessage id="email-error" />
+    </FormItem>
+  )}
+/>
+```
+
+### Required Fields
+
+Indicate required fields:
+
+```tsx
+<Label htmlFor="name">
+  Name <span className="text-destructive">*</span>
+  <span className="sr-only">(required)</span>
+</Label>
+<Input id="name" required />
+```
+
+### Fieldset and Legend
+
+Group related fields:
+
+```tsx
+<fieldset>
+  <legend className="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">
+    Contact Information
+  </legend>
+  <div className="space-y-4">
+    <FormField name="email" />
+    <FormField name="phone" />
+  </div>
+</fieldset>
+```
+
+## Component-Specific Patterns
+
+### Accordion
+
+```tsx
+import { Accordion } from "@/components/ui/accordion"
+
+<Accordion type="single" collapsible>
+  <AccordionItem value="item-1">
+    <AccordionTrigger>
+      {/* Includes aria-expanded, aria-controls automatically */}
+      Is it accessible?
+    </AccordionTrigger>
+    <AccordionContent>
+      {/* Hidden when collapsed, announced when expanded */}
+      Yes. Follows WAI-ARIA design pattern.
+    </AccordionContent>
+  </AccordionItem>
+</Accordion>
+```
+
+### Tabs
+
+```tsx
+import { Tabs } from "@/components/ui/tabs"
+
+<Tabs defaultValue="account">
+  <TabsList role="tablist">
+    {/* Arrow keys navigate, Space/Enter activates */}
+    <TabsTrigger value="account">Account</TabsTrigger>
+    <TabsTrigger value="password">Password</TabsTrigger>
+  </TabsList>
+  <TabsContent value="account">
+    {/* Hidden unless selected, aria-labelledby links to trigger */}
+    Account content
+  </TabsContent>
+</Tabs>
+```
+
+### Select
+
+```tsx
+import { Select } from "@/components/ui/select"
+
+<Select>
+  <SelectTrigger aria-label="Choose theme">
+    <SelectValue placeholder="Theme" />
+  </SelectTrigger>
+  <SelectContent>
+    {/* Keyboard navigable, announced to screen readers */}
+    <SelectItem value="light">Light</SelectItem>
+    <SelectItem value="dark">Dark</SelectItem>
+  </SelectContent>
+</Select>
+```
+
+### Checkbox and Radio
+
+```tsx
+import { Checkbox } from "@/components/ui/checkbox"
+import { Label } from "@/components/ui/label"
+
+<div className="flex items-center space-x-2">
+  <Checkbox id="terms" aria-describedby="terms-description" />
+  <Label htmlFor="terms">Accept terms</Label>
+</div>
+<p id="terms-description" className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+  You agree to our Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
+</p>
+```
+
+### Alert
+
+```tsx
+import { Alert } from "@/components/ui/alert"
+
+<Alert role="alert">
+  {/* Announced immediately to screen readers */}
+  <AlertTitle>Error</AlertTitle>
+  <AlertDescription>
+    Your session has expired
+  </AlertDescription>
+</Alert>
+```
+
+## Color Contrast
+
+Ensure sufficient contrast between text and background.
+
+**WCAG Requirements:**
+- **AA**: 4.5:1 for normal text, 3:1 for large text
+- **AAA**: 7:1 for normal text, 4.5:1 for large text
+
+**Check defaults:**
+```tsx
+// Good: High contrast
+<p className="text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100">Text</p>
+
+// Avoid: Low contrast
+<p className="text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-600">Hard to read</p>
+```
+
+**Muted text:**
+```tsx
+// Use semantic muted foreground
+<p className="text-muted-foreground">
+  Secondary text with accessible contrast
+</p>
+```
+
+## Focus Indicators
+
+Always provide visible focus indicators:
+
+**Default focus ring:**
+```tsx
+<Button className="focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-ring focus-visible:ring-offset-2">
+  Button
+</Button>
+```
+
+**Custom focus styles:**
+```tsx
+<a href="#" className="focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-primary focus-visible:underline">
+  Link
+</a>
+```
+
+**Don't remove focus styles:**
+```tsx
+// Avoid
+<button className="focus:outline-none">Bad</button>
+
+// Use focus-visible instead
+<button className="focus-visible:ring-2">Good</button>
+```
+
+## Motion and Animation
+
+Respect reduced motion preference:
+
+```css
+@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
+  * {
+    animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
+    animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
+    transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
+  }
+}
+```
+
+In components:
+```tsx
+<div className="transition-all motion-reduce:transition-none">
+  Respects user preference
+</div>
+```
+
+## Testing Checklist
+
+- [ ] All interactive elements keyboard accessible
+- [ ] Focus indicators visible
+- [ ] Screen reader announces all content correctly
+- [ ] Form errors announced and associated
+- [ ] Color contrast meets WCAG AA
+- [ ] Semantic HTML used
+- [ ] ARIA labels provided for icon-only buttons
+- [ ] Modal/dialog focus trap works
+- [ ] Dropdown/select keyboard navigable
+- [ ] Live regions announce updates
+- [ ] Respects reduced motion preference
+- [ ] Works with browser zoom up to 200%
+- [ ] Tab order logical
+- [ ] Skip links provided for navigation
+
+## Tools
+
+**Testing tools:**
+- Lighthouse accessibility audit
+- axe DevTools browser extension
+- NVDA/JAWS screen readers
+- Keyboard-only navigation testing
+- Color contrast checkers (Contrast Ratio, WebAIM)
+
+**Automated testing:**
+```bash
+npm install -D @axe-core/react
+```
+
+```tsx
+import { useEffect } from 'react'
+
+if (process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development') {
+  import('@axe-core/react').then((axe) => {
+    axe.default(React, ReactDOM, 1000)
+  })
+}
+```