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claude-skill-lord 1.5.0

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package/skills/tier-1/web-frameworks/references/nextjs-optimization.md ADDED Viewed

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+# Next.js Optimization
+Performance optimization techniques for images, fonts, scripts, and bundles.
+## Image Optimization
+### Next.js Image Component
+Automatic optimization with modern formats (WebP, AVIF):
+```tsx
+import Image from 'next/image'
+export default function Page() {
+  return (
+    <>
+      {/* Local image */}
+      <Image
+        src="/hero.jpg"
+        alt="Hero image"
+        width={1200}
+        height={600}
+        priority // Load immediately, no lazy loading
+      />
+      {/* Remote image */}
+      <Image
+        src="https://example.com/photo.jpg"
+        alt="Photo"
+        width={800}
+        height={600}
+        quality={90} // 1-100, default 75
+      />
+      {/* Responsive fill */}
+      <div style={{ position: 'relative', width: '100%', height: '400px' }}>
+        <Image
+          src="/background.jpg"
+          alt="Background"
+          fill
+          style={{ objectFit: 'cover' }}
+          sizes="100vw"
+        />
+      </div>
+      {/* With blur placeholder */}
+      <Image
+        src="/profile.jpg"
+        alt="Profile"
+        width={200}
+        height={200}
+        placeholder="blur"
+        blurDataURL="data:image/jpeg;base64,..." // Or use static import
+      />
+    </>
+  )
+}
+```
+### Image Props Reference
+**Required:**
+- `src` - Image path (string or static import)
+- `alt` - Alt text for accessibility
+- `width`, `height` - Dimensions (required unless using `fill`)
+**Optional:**
+- `fill` - Fill parent container (makes width/height optional)
+- `sizes` - Responsive sizes hint for srcset
+- `quality` - 1-100 (default 75)
+- `priority` - Disable lazy loading, preload image
+- `placeholder` - 'blur' | 'empty' (default 'empty')
+- `blurDataURL` - Data URL for blur placeholder
+- `loading` - 'lazy' | 'eager' (default 'lazy')
+- `style` - CSS styles
+- `className` - CSS class
+- `onLoad` - Callback when loaded
+### Responsive Images with Sizes
+```tsx
+<Image
+  src="/hero.jpg"
+  alt="Hero"
+  fill
+  sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, (max-width: 1200px) 50vw, 33vw"
+/>
+```
+This tells browser:
+- Mobile (<768px): Use 100% viewport width
+- Tablet (768-1200px): Use 50% viewport width
+- Desktop (>1200px): Use 33% viewport width
+### Static Import for Local Images
+```tsx
+import heroImage from '@/public/hero.jpg'
+<Image
+  src={heroImage}
+  alt="Hero"
+  placeholder="blur" // Automatically generated
+  // No width/height needed - inferred from import
+/>
+```
+### Remote Image Configuration
+```js
+// next.config.js
+module.exports = {
+  images: {
+    remotePatterns: [
+      {
+        protocol: 'https',
+        hostname: 'example.com',
+        pathname: '/images/**',
+      },
+      {
+        protocol: 'https',
+        hostname: 'cdn.example.com',
+      }
+    ],
+    // Device sizes for srcset
+    deviceSizes: [640, 750, 828, 1080, 1200, 1920, 2048, 3840],
+    // Image sizes for srcset
+    imageSizes: [16, 32, 48, 64, 96, 128, 256, 384],
+    // Supported formats
+    formats: ['image/webp'],
+    // Cache optimization images for 60 days
+    minimumCacheTTL: 60 * 60 * 24 * 60,
+  }
+}
+```
+## Font Optimization
+### Google Fonts
+Automatic optimization with zero layout shift:
+```tsx
+// app/layout.tsx
+import { Inter, Roboto_Mono, Playfair_Display } from 'next/font/google'
+const inter = Inter({
+  subsets: ['latin'],
+  display: 'swap',
+  variable: '--font-inter',
+})
+const robotoMono = Roboto_Mono({
+  subsets: ['latin'],
+  display: 'swap',
+  weight: ['400', '700'],
+  variable: '--font-roboto-mono',
+})
+const playfair = Playfair_Display({
+  subsets: ['latin'],
+  display: 'swap',
+  weight: ['400', '700', '900'],
+  style: ['normal', 'italic'],
+})
+export default function RootLayout({ children }) {
+  return (
+    <html lang="en" className={`${inter.variable} ${robotoMono.variable}`}>
+      <body className={inter.className}>{children}</body>
+    </html>
+  )
+}
+```
+Use CSS variables:
+```css
+.code {
+  font-family: var(--font-roboto-mono);
+}
+```
+### Local Fonts
+```tsx
+import localFont from 'next/font/local'
+const myFont = localFont({
+  src: [
+    {
+      path: './fonts/my-font-regular.woff2',
+      weight: '400',
+      style: 'normal',
+    },
+    {
+      path: './fonts/my-font-bold.woff2',
+      weight: '700',
+      style: 'normal',
+    }
+  ],
+  variable: '--font-my-font',
+  display: 'swap',
+})
+export default function RootLayout({ children }) {
+  return (
+    <html lang="en" className={myFont.variable}>
+      <body>{children}</body>
+    </html>
+  )
+}
+```
+### Font Display Strategies
+```tsx
+const font = Inter({
+  display: 'swap', // Show fallback immediately, swap when loaded (recommended)
+  // display: 'optional', // Only use font if available immediately
+  // display: 'block', // Hide text until font loads (max 3s)
+  // display: 'fallback', // Show fallback briefly, swap if loaded quickly
+  // display: 'auto', // Browser default
+})
+```
+## Script Optimization
+### Script Component
+Control loading behavior:
+```tsx
+import Script from 'next/script'
+export default function Page() {
+  return (
+    <>
+      {/* Load after page is interactive (recommended for analytics) */}
+      <Script
+        src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js"
+        strategy="afterInteractive"
+      />
+      {/* Load while page is idle (lowest priority) */}
+      <Script
+        src="https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"
+        strategy="lazyOnload"
+      />
+      {/* Load before page is interactive (use sparingly) */}
+      <Script
+        src="https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js"
+        strategy="beforeInteractive"
+      />
+      {/* Inline script with strategy */}
+      <Script id="analytics" strategy="afterInteractive">
+        {`
+          window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
+          function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
+          gtag('js', new Date());
+        `}
+      </Script>
+      {/* With onLoad callback */}
+      <Script
+        src="https://example.com/sdk.js"
+        onLoad={() => console.log('Script loaded')}
+        onError={(e) => console.error('Script failed', e)}
+      />
+    </>
+  )
+}
+```
+**Strategy options:**
+- `beforeInteractive` - Load before page interactive (blocking)
+- `afterInteractive` - Load after page interactive (default)
+- `lazyOnload` - Load during idle time
+- `worker` - Load in web worker (experimental)
+## Bundle Optimization
+### Analyzing Bundle Size
+```bash
+# Install bundle analyzer
+npm install @next/bundle-analyzer
+# Create next.config.js wrapper
+```
+```js
+// next.config.js
+const withBundleAnalyzer = require('@next/bundle-analyzer')({
+  enabled: process.env.ANALYZE === 'true',
+})
+module.exports = withBundleAnalyzer({
+  // Your Next.js config
+})
+```
+```bash
+# Run analysis
+ANALYZE=true npm run build
+```
+### Dynamic Import (Code Splitting)
+Split code and load on-demand:
+```tsx
+import dynamic from 'next/dynamic'
+// Dynamic import with loading state
+const DynamicChart = dynamic(() => import('@/components/chart'), {
+  loading: () => <div>Loading chart...</div>,
+  ssr: false, // Disable SSR for this component
+})
+export default function Dashboard() {
+  return (
+    <div>
+      <h1>Dashboard</h1>
+      <DynamicChart />
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+```
+Named exports:
+```tsx
+const DynamicComponent = dynamic(
+  () => import('@/components/hello').then(mod => mod.Hello)
+)
+```
+Multiple components:
+```tsx
+const DynamicHeader = dynamic(() => import('@/components/header'))
+const DynamicFooter = dynamic(() => import('@/components/footer'))
+```
+### Tree Shaking
+Import only what you need:
+```tsx
+// ❌ Bad - imports entire library
+import _ from 'lodash'
+const result = _.debounce(fn, 300)
+// ✅ Good - imports only debounce
+import debounce from 'lodash/debounce'
+const result = debounce(fn, 300)
+// ❌ Bad
+import * as Icons from 'react-icons/fa'
+<Icons.FaHome />
+// ✅ Good
+import { FaHome } from 'react-icons/fa'
+<FaHome />
+```
+## Partial Prerendering (PPR)
+Experimental: Combine static and dynamic rendering in same route.
+```js
+// next.config.js
+module.exports = {
+  experimental: {
+    ppr: true,
+  }
+}
+```
+```tsx
+// app/page.tsx
+import { Suspense } from 'react'
+// Static shell
+export default function Page() {
+  return (
+    <div>
+      <header>Static Header</header>
+      {/* Dynamic content with Suspense boundary */}
+      <Suspense fallback={<div>Loading...</div>}>
+        <DynamicContent />
+      </Suspense>
+      <footer>Static Footer</footer>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+// Dynamic component
+async function DynamicContent() {
+  const data = await fetch('https://api.example.com/data', {
+    cache: 'no-store'
+  }).then(r => r.json())
+  return <div>{data.content}</div>
+}
+```
+Static shell loads instantly, dynamic content streams in.
+## Metadata Optimization
+### Static Metadata
+```tsx
+// app/page.tsx
+import { Metadata } from 'next'
+export const metadata: Metadata = {
+  title: 'My Page',
+  description: 'Page description',
+  keywords: ['next.js', 'react', 'javascript'],
+  openGraph: {
+    title: 'My Page',
+    description: 'Page description',
+    images: ['/og-image.jpg'],
+  },
+  twitter: {
+    card: 'summary_large_image',
+    title: 'My Page',
+    description: 'Page description',
+    images: ['/twitter-image.jpg'],
+  },
+  alternates: {
+    canonical: 'https://example.com/page',
+  },
+  robots: {
+    index: true,
+    follow: true,
+  },
+}
+```
+### Dynamic Metadata
+```tsx
+// app/blog/[slug]/page.tsx
+export async function generateMetadata({ params }): Promise<Metadata> {
+  const post = await getPost(params.slug)
+  return {
+    title: post.title,
+    description: post.excerpt,
+    openGraph: {
+      title: post.title,
+      description: post.excerpt,
+      images: [post.coverImage],
+      type: 'article',
+      publishedTime: post.publishedAt,
+      authors: [post.author.name],
+    },
+  }
+}
+```
+### Metadata Files
+Create these files in `app/` directory:
+- `favicon.ico` - Favicon
+- `icon.png` / `icon.jpg` - App icon
+- `apple-icon.png` - Apple touch icon
+- `opengraph-image.png` - Open Graph image
+- `twitter-image.png` - Twitter card image
+- `robots.txt` - Robots file
+- `sitemap.xml` - Sitemap
+Or generate dynamically:
+```tsx
+// app/sitemap.ts
+export default async function sitemap() {
+  const posts = await getPosts()
+  return [
+    {
+      url: 'https://example.com',
+      lastModified: new Date(),
+    },
+    ...posts.map(post => ({
+      url: `https://example.com/blog/${post.slug}`,
+      lastModified: post.updatedAt,
+    }))
+  ]
+}
+```
+## Performance Best Practices
+1. **Use Image component** - Automatic optimization, lazy loading, modern formats
+2. **Optimize fonts** - Use next/font to eliminate layout shift
+3. **Dynamic imports** - Code split large components and third-party libraries
+4. **Analyze bundle** - Identify and eliminate large dependencies
+5. **Proper caching** - Use ISR for semi-static content
+6. **Streaming with Suspense** - Load fast content first, stream slow content
+7. **Minimize JavaScript** - Default to Server Components
+8. **Prefetch links** - Next.js prefetches Link components in viewport
+9. **Use Script component** - Control third-party script loading
+10. **Compress assets** - Enable compression in hosting platform
+11. **Use CDN** - Deploy to edge network (Vercel, Cloudflare)
+12. **Monitor metrics** - Track Core Web Vitals (LCP, FID, CLS)