aigroup-workflow 2.2.1 → 2.2.3

package/skills/backend/api-designer/references/openapi.md

@@ -1,824 +1,824 @@
-# OpenAPI 3.1 Specification
-
-## What is OpenAPI?
-
-OpenAPI (formerly Swagger) is a standard for describing REST APIs. It enables:
-- Interactive documentation
-- Code generation (SDKs, clients, servers)
-- API testing tools
-- Contract validation
-- Mock servers
-
-## Basic Structure
-
-### Minimal OpenAPI 3.1 Spec
-
-```yaml
-openapi: 3.1.0
-info:
-  title: My API
-  version: 1.0.0
-  description: A sample API
-  contact:
-    name: API Support
-    email: support@example.com
-    url: https://example.com/support
-  license:
-    name: Apache 2.0
-    url: https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.html
-
-servers:
-  - url: https://api.example.com/v1
-    description: Production server
-  - url: https://staging-api.example.com/v1
-    description: Staging server
-  - url: http://localhost:3000/v1
-    description: Local development
-
-paths:
-  /users:
-    get:
-      summary: List users
-      description: Retrieve a paginated list of users
-      operationId: listUsers
-      tags:
-        - Users
-      responses:
-        '200':
-          description: Successful response
-          content:
-            application/json:
-              schema:
-                type: object
-                properties:
-                  data:
-                    type: array
-                    items:
-                      $ref: '#/components/schemas/User'
-
-components:
-  schemas:
-    User:
-      type: object
-      required:
-        - id
-        - email
-      properties:
-        id:
-          type: integer
-          format: int64
-          example: 123
-        email:
-          type: string
-          format: email
-          example: john@example.com
-        name:
-          type: string
-          example: John Doe
-```
-
-## Info Object
-
-Metadata about the API:
-
-```yaml
-info:
-  title: Users API
-  version: 1.0.0
-  description: |
-    # Users API
-
-    This API manages user accounts and profiles.
-
-    ## Features
-    - User CRUD operations
-    - Authentication with JWT
-    - Role-based authorization
-
-  termsOfService: https://example.com/terms
-
-  contact:
-    name: API Support Team
-    email: api-support@example.com
-    url: https://example.com/support
-
-  license:
-    name: MIT
-    url: https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
-
-  x-api-id: users-api-v1
-  x-audience: external
-```
-
-## Servers
-
-Define API base URLs:
-
-```yaml
-servers:
-  - url: https://api.example.com/v1
-    description: Production
-    variables:
-      version:
-        default: v1
-        enum:
-          - v1
-          - v2
-
-  - url: https://{environment}.example.com/v1
-    description: Dynamic environment
-    variables:
-      environment:
-        default: api
-        enum:
-          - api
-          - staging
-          - dev
-```
-
-## Paths and Operations
-
-### Complete Endpoint Example
-
-```yaml
-paths:
-  /users:
-    get:
-      summary: List users
-      description: Retrieve a paginated list of users with optional filtering
-      operationId: listUsers
-      tags:
-        - Users
-
-      parameters:
-        - name: offset
-          in: query
-          description: Number of items to skip
-          required: false
-          schema:
-            type: integer
-            minimum: 0
-            default: 0
-
-        - name: limit
-          in: query
-          description: Maximum number of items to return
-          required: false
-          schema:
-            type: integer
-            minimum: 1
-            maximum: 100
-            default: 20
-
-        - name: status
-          in: query
-          description: Filter by user status
-          required: false
-          schema:
-            type: string
-            enum:
-              - active
-              - inactive
-              - suspended
-
-      security:
-        - bearerAuth: []
-
-      responses:
-        '200':
-          description: Successful response
-          content:
-            application/json:
-              schema:
-                $ref: '#/components/schemas/UserListResponse'
-              examples:
-                success:
-                  $ref: '#/components/examples/UserListSuccess'
-
-        '401':
-          $ref: '#/components/responses/Unauthorized'
-
-        '429':
-          $ref: '#/components/responses/RateLimitExceeded'
-
-    post:
-      summary: Create user
-      description: Create a new user account
-      operationId: createUser
-      tags:
-        - Users
-
-      requestBody:
-        required: true
-        content:
-          application/json:
-            schema:
-              $ref: '#/components/schemas/CreateUserRequest'
-            examples:
-              basic:
-                $ref: '#/components/examples/CreateUserBasic'
-
-      responses:
-        '201':
-          description: User created successfully
-          headers:
-            Location:
-              description: URL of the created user
-              schema:
-                type: string
-                format: uri
-          content:
-            application/json:
-              schema:
-                $ref: '#/components/schemas/User'
-
-        '400':
-          $ref: '#/components/responses/ValidationError'
-
-        '409':
-          description: User already exists
-          content:
-            application/json:
-              schema:
-                $ref: '#/components/schemas/Error'
-
-  /users/{userId}:
-    parameters:
-      - name: userId
-        in: path
-        description: User ID
-        required: true
-        schema:
-          type: integer
-          format: int64
-
-    get:
-      summary: Get user
-      description: Retrieve a specific user by ID
-      operationId: getUser
-      tags:
-        - Users
-
-      responses:
-        '200':
-          description: Successful response
-          content:
-            application/json:
-              schema:
-                $ref: '#/components/schemas/User'
-
-        '404':
-          $ref: '#/components/responses/NotFound'
-
-    put:
-      summary: Update user
-      description: Replace user data
-      operationId: updateUser
-      tags:
-        - Users
-
-      requestBody:
-        required: true
-        content:
-          application/json:
-            schema:
-              $ref: '#/components/schemas/UpdateUserRequest'
-
-      responses:
-        '200':
-          description: User updated successfully
-          content:
-            application/json:
-              schema:
-                $ref: '#/components/schemas/User'
-
-        '404':
-          $ref: '#/components/responses/NotFound'
-
-    delete:
-      summary: Delete user
-      description: Delete a user account
-      operationId: deleteUser
-      tags:
-        - Users
-
-      responses:
-        '204':
-          description: User deleted successfully
-
-        '404':
-          $ref: '#/components/responses/NotFound'
-```
-
-## Components
-
-Reusable components for your API spec.
-
-### Schemas
-
-```yaml
-components:
-  schemas:
-    User:
-      type: object
-      required:
-        - id
-        - email
-        - name
-      properties:
-        id:
-          type: integer
-          format: int64
-          readOnly: true
-          example: 123
-        email:
-          type: string
-          format: email
-          example: john@example.com
-        name:
-          type: string
-          minLength: 1
-          maxLength: 100
-          example: John Doe
-        status:
-          type: string
-          enum:
-            - active
-            - inactive
-            - suspended
-          default: active
-        created_at:
-          type: string
-          format: date-time
-          readOnly: true
-          example: "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z"
-        metadata:
-          type: object
-          additionalProperties:
-            type: string
-
-    CreateUserRequest:
-      type: object
-      required:
-        - email
-        - name
-      properties:
-        email:
-          type: string
-          format: email
-        name:
-          type: string
-          minLength: 1
-          maxLength: 100
-        metadata:
-          type: object
-          additionalProperties:
-            type: string
-
-    UserListResponse:
-      type: object
-      properties:
-        data:
-          type: array
-          items:
-            $ref: '#/components/schemas/User'
-        pagination:
-          $ref: '#/components/schemas/Pagination'
-
-    Pagination:
-      type: object
-      properties:
-        offset:
-          type: integer
-          minimum: 0
-        limit:
-          type: integer
-          minimum: 1
-        total:
-          type: integer
-          minimum: 0
-        has_more:
-          type: boolean
-
-    Error:
-      type: object
-      required:
-        - error
-      properties:
-        error:
-          type: object
-          required:
-            - code
-            - message
-          properties:
-            code:
-              type: string
-              example: RESOURCE_NOT_FOUND
-            message:
-              type: string
-              example: User with ID 123 not found
-            details:
-              type: object
-            request_id:
-              type: string
-              example: req_abc123
-```
-
-### Security Schemes
-
-```yaml
-components:
-  securitySchemes:
-    bearerAuth:
-      type: http
-      scheme: bearer
-      bearerFormat: JWT
-      description: JWT access token
-
-    apiKey:
-      type: apiKey
-      in: header
-      name: X-API-Key
-      description: API key for authentication
-
-    oauth2:
-      type: oauth2
-      flows:
-        authorizationCode:
-          authorizationUrl: https://auth.example.com/oauth/authorize
-          tokenUrl: https://auth.example.com/oauth/token
-          scopes:
-            users:read: Read user data
-            users:write: Create and update users
-            users:delete: Delete users
-```
-
-Apply security globally or per-operation:
-
-```yaml
-# Global security
-security:
-  - bearerAuth: []
-
-# Or per-operation
-paths:
-  /users:
-    get:
-      security:
-        - bearerAuth: []
-        - apiKey: []  # Alternative auth method
-```
-
-### Responses
-
-Reusable response definitions:
-
-```yaml
-components:
-  responses:
-    NotFound:
-      description: Resource not found
-      content:
-        application/json:
-          schema:
-            $ref: '#/components/schemas/Error'
-          example:
-            error:
-              code: RESOURCE_NOT_FOUND
-              message: The requested resource was not found
-
-    Unauthorized:
-      description: Authentication required
-      headers:
-        WWW-Authenticate:
-          schema:
-            type: string
-          description: Authentication method
-      content:
-        application/json:
-          schema:
-            $ref: '#/components/schemas/Error'
-
-    ValidationError:
-      description: Validation failed
-      content:
-        application/json:
-          schema:
-            $ref: '#/components/schemas/Error'
-          example:
-            error:
-              code: VALIDATION_ERROR
-              message: Request validation failed
-              details:
-                - field: email
-                  code: INVALID_FORMAT
-                  message: Email must be a valid email address
-
-    RateLimitExceeded:
-      description: Rate limit exceeded
-      headers:
-        X-RateLimit-Limit:
-          schema:
-            type: integer
-          description: Request limit per hour
-        X-RateLimit-Remaining:
-          schema:
-            type: integer
-          description: Remaining requests
-        X-RateLimit-Reset:
-          schema:
-            type: integer
-            format: int64
-          description: Time when limit resets (Unix timestamp)
-        Retry-After:
-          schema:
-            type: integer
-          description: Seconds to wait before retry
-      content:
-        application/json:
-          schema:
-            $ref: '#/components/schemas/Error'
-```
-
-### Examples
-
-```yaml
-components:
-  examples:
-    UserListSuccess:
-      summary: Successful user list response
-      value:
-        data:
-          - id: 1
-            email: john@example.com
-            name: John Doe
-            status: active
-            created_at: "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z"
-          - id: 2
-            email: jane@example.com
-            name: Jane Smith
-            status: active
-            created_at: "2024-01-16T14:20:00Z"
-        pagination:
-          offset: 0
-          limit: 20
-          total: 150
-          has_more: true
-
-    CreateUserBasic:
-      summary: Create user with minimal fields
-      value:
-        email: newuser@example.com
-        name: New User
-```
-
-## Data Types
-
-### Primitive Types
-
-```yaml
-# String
-type: string
-example: "Hello World"
-
-# String with format
-type: string
-format: email
-example: "user@example.com"
-
-# Integer
-type: integer
-format: int64
-example: 123
-
-# Number (float)
-type: number
-format: double
-example: 99.99
-
-# Boolean
-type: boolean
-example: true
-
-# Date-time
-type: string
-format: date-time
-example: "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z"
-
-# Date
-type: string
-format: date
-example: "2024-01-15"
-
-# UUID
-type: string
-format: uuid
-example: "550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000"
-
-# URI
-type: string
-format: uri
-example: "https://example.com/users/123"
-```
-
-### Arrays
-
-```yaml
-type: array
-items:
-  type: string
-minItems: 1
-maxItems: 10
-uniqueItems: true
-example: ["tag1", "tag2", "tag3"]
-
-# Array of objects
-type: array
-items:
-  $ref: '#/components/schemas/User'
-```
-
-### Objects
-
-```yaml
-type: object
-required:
-  - name
-  - email
-properties:
-  name:
-    type: string
-  email:
-    type: string
-    format: email
-  age:
-    type: integer
-    minimum: 0
-    maximum: 120
-
-# Additional properties
-additionalProperties: false  # Strict - no extra properties
-additionalProperties: true   # Allow any extra properties
-additionalProperties:        # Extra properties must be strings
-  type: string
-```
-
-### Enums
-
-```yaml
-type: string
-enum:
-  - active
-  - inactive
-  - suspended
-default: active
-```
-
-### OneOf / AnyOf / AllOf
-
-```yaml
-# OneOf - exactly one schema matches
-oneOf:
-  - $ref: '#/components/schemas/CreditCard'
-  - $ref: '#/components/schemas/BankAccount'
-
-# AnyOf - one or more schemas match
-anyOf:
-  - $ref: '#/components/schemas/User'
-  - $ref: '#/components/schemas/Organization'
-
-# AllOf - all schemas must match (inheritance)
-allOf:
-  - $ref: '#/components/schemas/BaseUser'
-  - type: object
-    properties:
-      admin_level:
-        type: integer
-```
-
-## Validation
-
-### String Validation
-
-```yaml
-type: string
-minLength: 1
-maxLength: 100
-pattern: "^[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+$"
-format: email
-```
-
-### Number Validation
-
-```yaml
-type: integer
-minimum: 0
-maximum: 100
-exclusiveMinimum: true  # > 0 instead of >= 0
-multipleOf: 5
-```
-
-### Array Validation
-
-```yaml
-type: array
-minItems: 1
-maxItems: 10
-uniqueItems: true
-```
-
-## Tags
-
-Organize endpoints into logical groups:
-
-```yaml
-tags:
-  - name: Users
-    description: User management operations
-  - name: Orders
-    description: Order management
-  - name: Products
-    description: Product catalog
-
-paths:
-  /users:
-    get:
-      tags:
-        - Users
-```
-
-## Documentation
-
-### Markdown Support
-
-```yaml
-description: |
-  # User Management
-
-  This endpoint allows you to manage users.
-
-  ## Features
-  - Create users
-  - Update profiles
-  - Delete accounts
-
-  ## Authentication
-  Requires JWT bearer token.
-
-  ## Example
-  ```json
-  {
-    "name": "John Doe",
-    "email": "john@example.com"
-  }
-  ```
-```
-
-## Code Generation
-
-Generate SDKs from OpenAPI spec:
-
-```bash
-# Generate TypeScript client
-openapi-generator-cli generate \
-  -i openapi.yaml \
-  -g typescript-axios \
-  -o ./client
-
-# Generate Python client
-openapi-generator-cli generate \
-  -i openapi.yaml \
-  -g python \
-  -o ./python-client
-
-# Generate server stub
-openapi-generator-cli generate \
-  -i openapi.yaml \
-  -g nodejs-express-server \
-  -o ./server
-```
-
-## Validation Tools
-
-Validate OpenAPI spec:
-
-```bash
-# Using Swagger CLI
-swagger-cli validate openapi.yaml
-
-# Using Spectral (advanced linting)
-spectral lint openapi.yaml
-```
-
-## Best Practices
-
-1. **Use components** - Reuse schemas, responses, parameters
-2. **Add examples** - Include realistic examples for all schemas
-3. **Document thoroughly** - Every endpoint, parameter, response
-4. **Version your spec** - Track changes to the specification
-5. **Validate regularly** - Use tools to catch errors
-6. **Use $ref** - Reference components instead of duplicating
-7. **Include error responses** - Document all possible errors
-8. **Add operationId** - Unique ID for each operation (for code gen)
-9. **Tag endpoints** - Organize into logical groups
-10. **Provide security schemes** - Document authentication clearly
+# OpenAPI 3.1 Specification
+
+## What is OpenAPI?
+
+OpenAPI (formerly Swagger) is a standard for describing REST APIs. It enables:
+- Interactive documentation
+- Code generation (SDKs, clients, servers)
+- API testing tools
+- Contract validation
+- Mock servers
+
+## Basic Structure
+
+### Minimal OpenAPI 3.1 Spec
+
+```yaml
+openapi: 3.1.0
+info:
+  title: My API
+  version: 1.0.0
+  description: A sample API
+  contact:
+    name: API Support
+    email: support@example.com
+    url: https://example.com/support
+  license:
+    name: Apache 2.0
+    url: https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.html
+
+servers:
+  - url: https://api.example.com/v1
+    description: Production server
+  - url: https://staging-api.example.com/v1
+    description: Staging server
+  - url: http://localhost:3000/v1
+    description: Local development
+
+paths:
+  /users:
+    get:
+      summary: List users
+      description: Retrieve a paginated list of users
+      operationId: listUsers
+      tags:
+        - Users
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: Successful response
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                type: object
+                properties:
+                  data:
+                    type: array
+                    items:
+                      $ref: '#/components/schemas/User'
+
+components:
+  schemas:
+    User:
+      type: object
+      required:
+        - id
+        - email
+      properties:
+        id:
+          type: integer
+          format: int64
+          example: 123
+        email:
+          type: string
+          format: email
+          example: john@example.com
+        name:
+          type: string
+          example: John Doe
+```
+
+## Info Object
+
+Metadata about the API:
+
+```yaml
+info:
+  title: Users API
+  version: 1.0.0
+  description: |
+    # Users API
+
+    This API manages user accounts and profiles.
+
+    ## Features
+    - User CRUD operations
+    - Authentication with JWT
+    - Role-based authorization
+
+  termsOfService: https://example.com/terms
+
+  contact:
+    name: API Support Team
+    email: api-support@example.com
+    url: https://example.com/support
+
+  license:
+    name: MIT
+    url: https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+  x-api-id: users-api-v1
+  x-audience: external
+```
+
+## Servers
+
+Define API base URLs:
+
+```yaml
+servers:
+  - url: https://api.example.com/v1
+    description: Production
+    variables:
+      version:
+        default: v1
+        enum:
+          - v1
+          - v2
+
+  - url: https://{environment}.example.com/v1
+    description: Dynamic environment
+    variables:
+      environment:
+        default: api
+        enum:
+          - api
+          - staging
+          - dev
+```
+
+## Paths and Operations
+
+### Complete Endpoint Example
+
+```yaml
+paths:
+  /users:
+    get:
+      summary: List users
+      description: Retrieve a paginated list of users with optional filtering
+      operationId: listUsers
+      tags:
+        - Users
+
+      parameters:
+        - name: offset
+          in: query
+          description: Number of items to skip
+          required: false
+          schema:
+            type: integer
+            minimum: 0
+            default: 0
+
+        - name: limit
+          in: query
+          description: Maximum number of items to return
+          required: false
+          schema:
+            type: integer
+            minimum: 1
+            maximum: 100
+            default: 20
+
+        - name: status
+          in: query
+          description: Filter by user status
+          required: false
+          schema:
+            type: string
+            enum:
+              - active
+              - inactive
+              - suspended
+
+      security:
+        - bearerAuth: []
+
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: Successful response
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                $ref: '#/components/schemas/UserListResponse'
+              examples:
+                success:
+                  $ref: '#/components/examples/UserListSuccess'
+
+        '401':
+          $ref: '#/components/responses/Unauthorized'
+
+        '429':
+          $ref: '#/components/responses/RateLimitExceeded'
+
+    post:
+      summary: Create user
+      description: Create a new user account
+      operationId: createUser
+      tags:
+        - Users
+
+      requestBody:
+        required: true
+        content:
+          application/json:
+            schema:
+              $ref: '#/components/schemas/CreateUserRequest'
+            examples:
+              basic:
+                $ref: '#/components/examples/CreateUserBasic'
+
+      responses:
+        '201':
+          description: User created successfully
+          headers:
+            Location:
+              description: URL of the created user
+              schema:
+                type: string
+                format: uri
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                $ref: '#/components/schemas/User'
+
+        '400':
+          $ref: '#/components/responses/ValidationError'
+
+        '409':
+          description: User already exists
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                $ref: '#/components/schemas/Error'
+
+  /users/{userId}:
+    parameters:
+      - name: userId
+        in: path
+        description: User ID
+        required: true
+        schema:
+          type: integer
+          format: int64
+
+    get:
+      summary: Get user
+      description: Retrieve a specific user by ID
+      operationId: getUser
+      tags:
+        - Users
+
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: Successful response
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                $ref: '#/components/schemas/User'
+
+        '404':
+          $ref: '#/components/responses/NotFound'
+
+    put:
+      summary: Update user
+      description: Replace user data
+      operationId: updateUser
+      tags:
+        - Users
+
+      requestBody:
+        required: true
+        content:
+          application/json:
+            schema:
+              $ref: '#/components/schemas/UpdateUserRequest'
+
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: User updated successfully
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                $ref: '#/components/schemas/User'
+
+        '404':
+          $ref: '#/components/responses/NotFound'
+
+    delete:
+      summary: Delete user
+      description: Delete a user account
+      operationId: deleteUser
+      tags:
+        - Users
+
+      responses:
+        '204':
+          description: User deleted successfully
+
+        '404':
+          $ref: '#/components/responses/NotFound'
+```
+
+## Components
+
+Reusable components for your API spec.
+
+### Schemas
+
+```yaml
+components:
+  schemas:
+    User:
+      type: object
+      required:
+        - id
+        - email
+        - name
+      properties:
+        id:
+          type: integer
+          format: int64
+          readOnly: true
+          example: 123
+        email:
+          type: string
+          format: email
+          example: john@example.com
+        name:
+          type: string
+          minLength: 1
+          maxLength: 100
+          example: John Doe
+        status:
+          type: string
+          enum:
+            - active
+            - inactive
+            - suspended
+          default: active
+        created_at:
+          type: string
+          format: date-time
+          readOnly: true
+          example: "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z"
+        metadata:
+          type: object
+          additionalProperties:
+            type: string
+
+    CreateUserRequest:
+      type: object
+      required:
+        - email
+        - name
+      properties:
+        email:
+          type: string
+          format: email
+        name:
+          type: string
+          minLength: 1
+          maxLength: 100
+        metadata:
+          type: object
+          additionalProperties:
+            type: string
+
+    UserListResponse:
+      type: object
+      properties:
+        data:
+          type: array
+          items:
+            $ref: '#/components/schemas/User'
+        pagination:
+          $ref: '#/components/schemas/Pagination'
+
+    Pagination:
+      type: object
+      properties:
+        offset:
+          type: integer
+          minimum: 0
+        limit:
+          type: integer
+          minimum: 1
+        total:
+          type: integer
+          minimum: 0
+        has_more:
+          type: boolean
+
+    Error:
+      type: object
+      required:
+        - error
+      properties:
+        error:
+          type: object
+          required:
+            - code
+            - message
+          properties:
+            code:
+              type: string
+              example: RESOURCE_NOT_FOUND
+            message:
+              type: string
+              example: User with ID 123 not found
+            details:
+              type: object
+            request_id:
+              type: string
+              example: req_abc123
+```
+
+### Security Schemes
+
+```yaml
+components:
+  securitySchemes:
+    bearerAuth:
+      type: http
+      scheme: bearer
+      bearerFormat: JWT
+      description: JWT access token
+
+    apiKey:
+      type: apiKey
+      in: header
+      name: X-API-Key
+      description: API key for authentication
+
+    oauth2:
+      type: oauth2
+      flows:
+        authorizationCode:
+          authorizationUrl: https://auth.example.com/oauth/authorize
+          tokenUrl: https://auth.example.com/oauth/token
+          scopes:
+            users:read: Read user data
+            users:write: Create and update users
+            users:delete: Delete users
+```
+
+Apply security globally or per-operation:
+
+```yaml
+# Global security
+security:
+  - bearerAuth: []
+
+# Or per-operation
+paths:
+  /users:
+    get:
+      security:
+        - bearerAuth: []
+        - apiKey: []  # Alternative auth method
+```
+
+### Responses
+
+Reusable response definitions:
+
+```yaml
+components:
+  responses:
+    NotFound:
+      description: Resource not found
+      content:
+        application/json:
+          schema:
+            $ref: '#/components/schemas/Error'
+          example:
+            error:
+              code: RESOURCE_NOT_FOUND
+              message: The requested resource was not found
+
+    Unauthorized:
+      description: Authentication required
+      headers:
+        WWW-Authenticate:
+          schema:
+            type: string
+          description: Authentication method
+      content:
+        application/json:
+          schema:
+            $ref: '#/components/schemas/Error'
+
+    ValidationError:
+      description: Validation failed
+      content:
+        application/json:
+          schema:
+            $ref: '#/components/schemas/Error'
+          example:
+            error:
+              code: VALIDATION_ERROR
+              message: Request validation failed
+              details:
+                - field: email
+                  code: INVALID_FORMAT
+                  message: Email must be a valid email address
+
+    RateLimitExceeded:
+      description: Rate limit exceeded
+      headers:
+        X-RateLimit-Limit:
+          schema:
+            type: integer
+          description: Request limit per hour
+        X-RateLimit-Remaining:
+          schema:
+            type: integer
+          description: Remaining requests
+        X-RateLimit-Reset:
+          schema:
+            type: integer
+            format: int64
+          description: Time when limit resets (Unix timestamp)
+        Retry-After:
+          schema:
+            type: integer
+          description: Seconds to wait before retry
+      content:
+        application/json:
+          schema:
+            $ref: '#/components/schemas/Error'
+```
+
+### Examples
+
+```yaml
+components:
+  examples:
+    UserListSuccess:
+      summary: Successful user list response
+      value:
+        data:
+          - id: 1
+            email: john@example.com
+            name: John Doe
+            status: active
+            created_at: "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z"
+          - id: 2
+            email: jane@example.com
+            name: Jane Smith
+            status: active
+            created_at: "2024-01-16T14:20:00Z"
+        pagination:
+          offset: 0
+          limit: 20
+          total: 150
+          has_more: true
+
+    CreateUserBasic:
+      summary: Create user with minimal fields
+      value:
+        email: newuser@example.com
+        name: New User
+```
+
+## Data Types
+
+### Primitive Types
+
+```yaml
+# String
+type: string
+example: "Hello World"
+
+# String with format
+type: string
+format: email
+example: "user@example.com"
+
+# Integer
+type: integer
+format: int64
+example: 123
+
+# Number (float)
+type: number
+format: double
+example: 99.99
+
+# Boolean
+type: boolean
+example: true
+
+# Date-time
+type: string
+format: date-time
+example: "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z"
+
+# Date
+type: string
+format: date
+example: "2024-01-15"
+
+# UUID
+type: string
+format: uuid
+example: "550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000"
+
+# URI
+type: string
+format: uri
+example: "https://example.com/users/123"
+```
+
+### Arrays
+
+```yaml
+type: array
+items:
+  type: string
+minItems: 1
+maxItems: 10
+uniqueItems: true
+example: ["tag1", "tag2", "tag3"]
+
+# Array of objects
+type: array
+items:
+  $ref: '#/components/schemas/User'
+```
+
+### Objects
+
+```yaml
+type: object
+required:
+  - name
+  - email
+properties:
+  name:
+    type: string
+  email:
+    type: string
+    format: email
+  age:
+    type: integer
+    minimum: 0
+    maximum: 120
+
+# Additional properties
+additionalProperties: false  # Strict - no extra properties
+additionalProperties: true   # Allow any extra properties
+additionalProperties:        # Extra properties must be strings
+  type: string
+```
+
+### Enums
+
+```yaml
+type: string
+enum:
+  - active
+  - inactive
+  - suspended
+default: active
+```
+
+### OneOf / AnyOf / AllOf
+
+```yaml
+# OneOf - exactly one schema matches
+oneOf:
+  - $ref: '#/components/schemas/CreditCard'
+  - $ref: '#/components/schemas/BankAccount'
+
+# AnyOf - one or more schemas match
+anyOf:
+  - $ref: '#/components/schemas/User'
+  - $ref: '#/components/schemas/Organization'
+
+# AllOf - all schemas must match (inheritance)
+allOf:
+  - $ref: '#/components/schemas/BaseUser'
+  - type: object
+    properties:
+      admin_level:
+        type: integer
+```
+
+## Validation
+
+### String Validation
+
+```yaml
+type: string
+minLength: 1
+maxLength: 100
+pattern: "^[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+$"
+format: email
+```
+
+### Number Validation
+
+```yaml
+type: integer
+minimum: 0
+maximum: 100
+exclusiveMinimum: true  # > 0 instead of >= 0
+multipleOf: 5
+```
+
+### Array Validation
+
+```yaml
+type: array
+minItems: 1
+maxItems: 10
+uniqueItems: true
+```
+
+## Tags
+
+Organize endpoints into logical groups:
+
+```yaml
+tags:
+  - name: Users
+    description: User management operations
+  - name: Orders
+    description: Order management
+  - name: Products
+    description: Product catalog
+
+paths:
+  /users:
+    get:
+      tags:
+        - Users
+```
+
+## Documentation
+
+### Markdown Support
+
+```yaml
+description: |
+  # User Management
+
+  This endpoint allows you to manage users.
+
+  ## Features
+  - Create users
+  - Update profiles
+  - Delete accounts
+
+  ## Authentication
+  Requires JWT bearer token.
+
+  ## Example
+  ```json
+  {
+    "name": "John Doe",
+    "email": "john@example.com"
+  }
+  ```
+```
+
+## Code Generation
+
+Generate SDKs from OpenAPI spec:
+
+```bash
+# Generate TypeScript client
+openapi-generator-cli generate \
+  -i openapi.yaml \
+  -g typescript-axios \
+  -o ./client
+
+# Generate Python client
+openapi-generator-cli generate \
+  -i openapi.yaml \
+  -g python \
+  -o ./python-client
+
+# Generate server stub
+openapi-generator-cli generate \
+  -i openapi.yaml \
+  -g nodejs-express-server \
+  -o ./server
+```
+
+## Validation Tools
+
+Validate OpenAPI spec:
+
+```bash
+# Using Swagger CLI
+swagger-cli validate openapi.yaml
+
+# Using Spectral (advanced linting)
+spectral lint openapi.yaml
+```
+
+## Best Practices
+
+1. **Use components** - Reuse schemas, responses, parameters
+2. **Add examples** - Include realistic examples for all schemas
+3. **Document thoroughly** - Every endpoint, parameter, response
+4. **Version your spec** - Track changes to the specification
+5. **Validate regularly** - Use tools to catch errors
+6. **Use $ref** - Reference components instead of duplicating
+7. **Include error responses** - Document all possible errors
+8. **Add operationId** - Unique ID for each operation (for code gen)
+9. **Tag endpoints** - Organize into logical groups
+10. **Provide security schemes** - Document authentication clearly