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package/skills/ai-research/19-emerging-techniques/model-merging/references/evaluation.md

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+<!-- vendored from orchestra-research/AI-research-SKILLs@773a52944ba4747a18bd4ae9ade53fff041adcbc 19-emerging-techniques/model-merging/references/evaluation.md; MIT (c) Orchestra Research -->
+# Model Merging Evaluation
+
+Complete guide to benchmarking and testing merged models based on research best practices.
+
+## Table of Contents
+- Benchmark Suites
+- Evaluation Metrics
+- Testing Methodology
+- Comparison Framework
+- Quality Assurance
+
+## Benchmark Suites
+
+### Open LLM Leaderboard
+
+**URL**: https://huggingface.co/spaces/HuggingFaceH4/open_llm_leaderboard
+
+**Tasks** (6 benchmarks):
+1. **ARC** (AI2 Reasoning Challenge): 25-shot, science questions
+2. **HellaSwag**: 10-shot, commonsense reasoning
+3. **MMLU** (Massive Multitask Language Understanding): 5-shot, 57 subjects
+4. **TruthfulQA**: 0-shot, factual accuracy
+5. **Winogrande**: 5-shot, commonsense reasoning
+6. **GSM8K**: 5-shot, grade-school math
+
+**Running Evaluation**:
+
+```python
+from lm_eval import evaluator
+
+model = "path/to/merged/model"
+
+results = evaluator.simple_evaluate(
+    model="hf",
+    model_args=f"pretrained={model},dtype=float16",
+    tasks=[
+        "arc_challenge",
+        "hellaswag",
+        "hendrycksTest-*",  # MMLU
+        "truthfulqa_mc",
+        "winogrande",
+        "gsm8k"
+    ],
+    num_fewshot=5,
+    batch_size=8
+)
+
+# Average score
+avg_score = sum(results['results'].values()) / len(results['results'])
+print(f"Average: {avg_score:.2f}")
+```
+
+### MT-Bench
+
+**Focus**: Multi-turn conversation quality
+
+**Installation**:
+
+```bash
+git clone https://github.com/lm-sys/FastChat
+cd FastChat
+pip install -e .
+```
+
+**Running**:
+
+```bash
+# Generate responses
+python gen_model_answer.py \
+  --model-path path/to/merged/model \
+  --model-id merged_model
+
+# Judge with GPT-4
+python gen_judgment.py \
+  --model-list merged_model \
+  --judge-model gpt-4
+
+# View scores
+python show_result.py
+```
+
+**Metrics**:
+- Turn 1 score (1-10)
+- Turn 2 score (1-10)
+- Average score
+
+### MMLU (Detailed)
+
+**Subjects** (57 total):
+- STEM: Math, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Computer Science
+- Humanities: History, Philosophy, Law
+- Social Sciences: Economics, Psychology, Sociology
+- Other: Professional subjects (Medicine, Accounting, etc.)
+
+```python
+from lm_eval import evaluator
+
+# Run all MMLU subjects
+results = evaluator.simple_evaluate(
+    model="hf",
+    model_args=f"pretrained={model}",
+    tasks="hendrycksTest-*",  # All MMLU tasks
+    num_fewshot=5
+)
+
+# Subject breakdown
+for task, score in results['results'].items():
+    subject = task.replace('hendrycksTest-', '')
+    print(f"{subject}: {score['acc']:.2%}")
+```
+
+### HumanEval (Code)
+
+**Focus**: Python code generation
+
+```python
+from human_eval.data import write_jsonl, read_problems
+from human_eval.evaluation import evaluate_functional_correctness
+
+# Generate completions
+problems = read_problems()
+samples = []
+
+for task_id, problem in problems.items():
+    prompt = problem['prompt']
+    completion = model.generate(prompt)
+    samples.append({
+        'task_id': task_id,
+        'completion': completion
+    })
+
+write_jsonl("samples.jsonl", samples)
+
+# Evaluate
+results = evaluate_functional_correctness("samples.jsonl")
+print(f"Pass@1: {results['pass@1']:.2%}")
+```
+
+## Evaluation Metrics
+
+### Performance Metrics
+
+**Accuracy**: Correct predictions / total predictions
+```python
+def accuracy(predictions, labels):
+    correct = sum(p == l for p, l in zip(predictions, labels))
+    return correct / len(predictions)
+```
+
+**Perplexity**: Language modeling quality (lower is better)
+```python
+import torch
+
+def perplexity(model, text):
+    tokens = tokenizer(text, return_tensors='pt')
+    with torch.no_grad():
+        loss = model(**tokens).loss
+    return torch.exp(loss).item()
+```
+
+**BLEU Score**: Translation/generation quality
+```python
+from nltk.translate.bleu_score import sentence_bleu
+
+reference = [["the", "cat", "sat", "on", "the", "mat"]]
+candidate = ["the", "cat", "is", "on", "the", "mat"]
+
+score = sentence_bleu(reference, candidate)
+```
+
+### Capability Retention
+
+**Test**: Does merged model retain parent capabilities?
+
+```python
+def test_capability_retention(merged_model, parent_models, test_suite):
+    """Check if merged model maintains parent capabilities."""
+    results = {}
+
+    # Baseline: Test parent models
+    for i, parent in enumerate(parent_models):
+        parent_score = evaluate(parent, test_suite)
+        results[f'parent_{i}'] = parent_score
+
+    # Test merged model
+    merged_score = evaluate(merged_model, test_suite)
+    results['merged'] = merged_score
+
+    # Retention percentage
+    avg_parent_score = sum(s for k, s in results.items() if k.startswith('parent')) / len(parent_models)
+    retention = merged_score / avg_parent_score
+
+    print(f"Capability Retention: {retention:.1%}")
+    return retention >= 0.95  # 95% retention threshold
+```
+
+### Conflict Detection
+
+**Test**: Does model show conflicting behaviors?
+
+```python
+def test_conflicts(model, test_pairs):
+    """Test for contradictory outputs."""
+    conflicts = []
+
+    for question_a, question_b, expected_consistency in test_pairs:
+        answer_a = model.generate(question_a)
+        answer_b = model.generate(question_b)
+
+        # Check consistency
+        is_consistent = check_semantic_similarity(answer_a, answer_b)
+
+        if is_consistent != expected_consistency:
+            conflicts.append((question_a, question_b, answer_a, answer_b))
+
+    conflict_rate = len(conflicts) / len(test_pairs)
+    print(f"Conflict Rate: {conflict_rate:.1%}")
+
+    return conflict_rate < 0.05  # <5% conflicts acceptable
+```
+
+## Testing Methodology
+
+### Pre-Merge Testing
+
+**Before merging**, establish baselines:
+
+```python
+# Test parent models
+parent_1_scores = evaluate(parent_1, benchmark_suite)
+parent_2_scores = evaluate(parent_2, benchmark_suite)
+
+# Expected range for merged model
+min_expected = min(parent_1_scores, parent_2_scores)
+max_expected = max(parent_1_scores, parent_2_scores)
+
+print(f"Expected merged score: {min_expected:.2f} - {max_expected:.2f}")
+```
+
+### Post-Merge Testing
+
+**Comprehensive evaluation**:
+
+```python
+def comprehensive_eval(merged_model):
+    """Full evaluation suite."""
+    results = {}
+
+    # 1. General capabilities
+    results['open_llm'] = evaluate_open_llm(merged_model)
+
+    # 2. Conversation
+    results['mt_bench'] = evaluate_mt_bench(merged_model)
+
+    # 3. Domain-specific
+    results['math'] = evaluate_math(merged_model)  # GSM8K, MATH
+    results['code'] = evaluate_code(merged_model)  # HumanEval
+    results['reasoning'] = evaluate_reasoning(merged_model)  # ARC, HellaSwag
+
+    # 4. Safety
+    results['safety'] = evaluate_safety(merged_model)  # TruthfulQA
+
+    return results
+```
+
+### A/B Testing
+
+**Compare merged model vs parents**:
+
+```python
+def ab_test(model_a, model_b, test_prompts, n_users=100):
+    """User preference testing."""
+    preferences = {'a': 0, 'b': 0, 'tie': 0}
+
+    for prompt in test_prompts:
+        response_a = model_a.generate(prompt)
+        response_b = model_b.generate(prompt)
+
+        # Simulated user preference (or use GPT-4 as judge)
+        preference = judge_responses(prompt, response_a, response_b)
+        preferences[preference] += 1
+
+    a_win_rate = preferences['a'] / (preferences['a'] + preferences['b'] + preferences['tie'])
+
+    print(f"Model A Win Rate: {a_win_rate:.1%}")
+    print(f"Tie Rate: {preferences['tie'] / len(test_prompts):.1%}")
+
+    return a_win_rate
+```
+
+## Comparison Framework
+
+### Score Comparison Table
+
+```python
+import pandas as pd
+
+def compare_models(models, benchmarks):
+    """Create comparison table."""
+    results = {}
+
+    for model_name, model_path in models.items():
+        results[model_name] = {}
+
+        for benchmark_name, benchmark_fn in benchmarks.items():
+            score = benchmark_fn(model_path)
+            results[model_name][benchmark_name] = score
+
+    # Create DataFrame
+    df = pd.DataFrame(results).T
+
+    # Add average column
+    df['Average'] = df.mean(axis=1)
+
+    # Highlight best
+    print(df.to_markdown())
+
+    return df
+
+# Usage
+models = {
+    'Parent 1': 'path/to/parent1',
+    'Parent 2': 'path/to/parent2',
+    'Merged (SLERP t=0.5)': 'path/to/merged_0.5',
+    'Merged (TIES)': 'path/to/merged_ties'
+}
+
+benchmarks = {
+    'MMLU': evaluate_mmlu,
+    'ARC': evaluate_arc,
+    'GSM8K': evaluate_gsm8k
+}
+
+df = compare_models(models, benchmarks)
+```
+
+### Statistical Significance
+
+```python
+from scipy import stats
+
+def is_improvement_significant(scores_a, scores_b, alpha=0.05):
+    """Test if improvement is statistically significant."""
+    # Paired t-test
+    t_stat, p_value = stats.ttest_rel(scores_a, scores_b)
+
+    is_significant = p_value < alpha
+    improvement = (sum(scores_b) - sum(scores_a)) / len(scores_a)
+
+    print(f"Mean improvement: {improvement:.2f}")
+    print(f"P-value: {p_value:.4f}")
+    print(f"Significant: {is_significant}")
+
+    return is_significant
+```
+
+## Quality Assurance
+
+### Regression Testing
+
+**Ensure no capability loss**:
+
+```python
+def regression_test(merged_model, parent_models, critical_tests):
+    """Check for performance regressions."""
+    regressions = []
+
+    for test_name, test_fn in critical_tests.items():
+        # Parent scores
+        parent_scores = [test_fn(p) for p in parent_models]
+        min_parent_score = min(parent_scores)
+
+        # Merged score
+        merged_score = test_fn(merged_model)
+
+        # Regression if merged < min parent
+        if merged_score < min_parent_score * 0.95:  # 5% tolerance
+            regressions.append({
+                'test': test_name,
+                'parents': parent_scores,
+                'merged': merged_score,
+                'delta': merged_score - min_parent_score
+            })
+
+    if regressions:
+        print(f"⚠️  {len(regressions)} regressions detected:")
+        for r in regressions:
+            print(f"  - {r['test']}: {r['delta']:.2%} drop")
+
+    return len(regressions) == 0
+```
+
+### Sanity Checks
+
+```python
+def sanity_checks(model):
+    """Basic functionality tests."""
+    tests = {
+        'generates': lambda: model.generate("Hello") != "",
+        'coherent': lambda: len(model.generate("The capital of France is")) > 5,
+        'follows_instruction': lambda: "paris" in model.generate("What is the capital of France?").lower(),
+        'no_repetition': lambda: not has_repetition(model.generate("Tell me about AI", max_length=100))
+    }
+
+    results = {name: test() for name, test in tests.items()}
+
+    passed = sum(results.values())
+    total = len(results)
+
+    print(f"Sanity Checks: {passed}/{total} passed")
+
+    for name, result in results.items():
+        status = "✓" if result else "✗"
+        print(f"  {status} {name}")
+
+    return passed == total
+```
+
+### Deployment Checklist
+
+Before deploying merged model:
+
+- [ ] Open LLM Leaderboard score >= min(parent scores)
+- [ ] MT-Bench score >= avg(parent scores)
+- [ ] Domain-specific benchmarks pass
+- [ ] No regressions in critical tests
+- [ ] Sanity checks all pass
+- [ ] A/B test win rate >= 45%
+- [ ] Safety checks pass (TruthfulQA)
+- [ ] Manual testing with diverse prompts
+- [ ] Model size acceptable for deployment
+- [ ] Inference speed acceptable
+
+## Benchmark Interpretation
+
+### Open LLM Leaderboard Ranges
+
+| Score | Quality |
+|-------|---------|
+| <60 | Poor - likely broken |
+| 60-65 | Below average |
+| 65-70 | Average |
+| 70-75 | Good |
+| 75-80 | Excellent |
+| >80 | State-of-art |
+
+### MT-Bench Ranges
+
+| Score | Quality |
+|-------|---------|
+| <6.0 | Poor conversation |
+| 6.0-7.0 | Acceptable |
+| 7.0-8.0 | Good |
+| 8.0-9.0 | Excellent |
+| >9.0 | Near human-level |
+
+## Resources
+
+- **lm-evaluation-harness**: https://github.com/EleutherAI/lm-evaluation-harness
+- **MT-Bench**: https://github.com/lm-sys/FastChat
+- **HumanEval**: https://github.com/openai/human-eval
+- **Open LLM Leaderboard**: https://huggingface.co/spaces/HuggingFaceH4/open_llm_leaderboard