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package/skills/ai-research/13-mlops/weights-and-biases/references/artifacts.md

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+<!-- vendored from orchestra-research/AI-research-SKILLs@773a52944ba4747a18bd4ae9ade53fff041adcbc 13-mlops/weights-and-biases/references/artifacts.md; MIT (c) Orchestra Research -->
+# Artifacts & Model Registry Guide
+
+Complete guide to data versioning and model management with W&B Artifacts.
+
+## Table of Contents
+- What are Artifacts
+- Creating Artifacts
+- Using Artifacts
+- Model Registry
+- Versioning & Lineage
+- Best Practices
+
+## What are Artifacts
+
+Artifacts are versioned datasets, models, or files tracked with lineage.
+
+**Key Features:**
+- Automatic versioning (v0, v1, v2...)
+- Lineage tracking (which runs produced/used artifacts)
+- Efficient storage (deduplication)
+- Collaboration (team-wide access)
+- Aliases (latest, best, production)
+
+**Common Use Cases:**
+- Dataset versioning
+- Model checkpoints
+- Preprocessed data
+- Evaluation results
+- Configuration files
+
+## Creating Artifacts
+
+### Basic Dataset Artifact
+
+```python
+import wandb
+
+run = wandb.init(project="my-project")
+
+# Create artifact
+dataset = wandb.Artifact(
+    name='training-data',
+    type='dataset',
+    description='ImageNet training split with augmentations',
+    metadata={
+        'size': '1.2M images',
+        'format': 'JPEG',
+        'resolution': '224x224'
+    }
+)
+
+# Add files
+dataset.add_file('data/train.csv')        # Single file
+dataset.add_dir('data/images')            # Entire directory
+dataset.add_reference('s3://bucket/data') # Cloud reference
+
+# Log artifact
+run.log_artifact(dataset)
+wandb.finish()
+```
+
+### Model Artifact
+
+```python
+import torch
+import wandb
+
+run = wandb.init(project="my-project")
+
+# Train model
+model = train_model()
+
+# Save model
+torch.save(model.state_dict(), 'model.pth')
+
+# Create model artifact
+model_artifact = wandb.Artifact(
+    name='resnet50-classifier',
+    type='model',
+    description='ResNet50 trained on ImageNet',
+    metadata={
+        'architecture': 'ResNet50',
+        'accuracy': 0.95,
+        'loss': 0.15,
+        'epochs': 50,
+        'framework': 'PyTorch'
+    }
+)
+
+# Add model file
+model_artifact.add_file('model.pth')
+
+# Add config
+model_artifact.add_file('config.yaml')
+
+# Log with aliases
+run.log_artifact(model_artifact, aliases=['latest', 'best'])
+
+wandb.finish()
+```
+
+### Preprocessed Data Artifact
+
+```python
+import pandas as pd
+import wandb
+
+run = wandb.init(project="nlp-project")
+
+# Preprocess data
+df = pd.read_csv('raw_data.csv')
+df_processed = preprocess(df)
+df_processed.to_csv('processed_data.csv', index=False)
+
+# Create artifact
+processed_data = wandb.Artifact(
+    name='processed-text-data',
+    type='dataset',
+    metadata={
+        'rows': len(df_processed),
+        'columns': list(df_processed.columns),
+        'preprocessing_steps': ['lowercase', 'remove_stopwords', 'tokenize']
+    }
+)
+
+processed_data.add_file('processed_data.csv')
+
+# Log artifact
+run.log_artifact(processed_data)
+```
+
+## Using Artifacts
+
+### Download and Use
+
+```python
+import wandb
+
+run = wandb.init(project="my-project")
+
+# Download artifact
+artifact = run.use_artifact('training-data:latest')
+artifact_dir = artifact.download()
+
+# Use files
+import pandas as pd
+df = pd.read_csv(f'{artifact_dir}/train.csv')
+
+# Train with artifact data
+model = train_model(df)
+```
+
+### Use Specific Version
+
+```python
+# Use specific version
+artifact_v2 = run.use_artifact('training-data:v2')
+
+# Use alias
+artifact_best = run.use_artifact('model:best')
+artifact_prod = run.use_artifact('model:production')
+
+# Use from another project
+artifact = run.use_artifact('team/other-project/model:latest')
+```
+
+### Check Artifact Metadata
+
+```python
+artifact = run.use_artifact('training-data:latest')
+
+# Access metadata
+print(artifact.metadata)
+print(f"Size: {artifact.metadata['size']}")
+
+# Access version info
+print(f"Version: {artifact.version}")
+print(f"Created at: {artifact.created_at}")
+print(f"Digest: {artifact.digest}")
+```
+
+## Model Registry
+
+Link models to a central registry for governance and deployment.
+
+### Create Model Registry
+
+```python
+# In W&B UI:
+# 1. Go to "Registry" tab
+# 2. Create new registry: "production-models"
+# 3. Define stages: development, staging, production
+```
+
+### Link Model to Registry
+
+```python
+import wandb
+
+run = wandb.init(project="training")
+
+# Create model artifact
+model_artifact = wandb.Artifact(
+    name='sentiment-classifier',
+    type='model',
+    metadata={'accuracy': 0.94, 'f1': 0.92}
+)
+
+model_artifact.add_file('model.pth')
+
+# Log artifact
+run.log_artifact(model_artifact)
+
+# Link to registry
+run.link_artifact(
+    model_artifact,
+    'model-registry/production-models',
+    aliases=['staging']  # Deploy to staging
+)
+
+wandb.finish()
+```
+
+### Promote Model in Registry
+
+```python
+# Retrieve model from registry
+api = wandb.Api()
+artifact = api.artifact('model-registry/production-models/sentiment-classifier:staging')
+
+# Promote to production
+artifact.link('model-registry/production-models', aliases=['production'])
+
+# Demote from production
+artifact.aliases = ['archived']
+artifact.save()
+```
+
+### Use Model from Registry
+
+```python
+import wandb
+
+run = wandb.init()
+
+# Download production model
+model_artifact = run.use_artifact(
+    'model-registry/production-models/sentiment-classifier:production'
+)
+
+model_dir = model_artifact.download()
+
+# Load and use
+import torch
+model = torch.load(f'{model_dir}/model.pth')
+model.eval()
+```
+
+## Versioning & Lineage
+
+### Automatic Versioning
+
+```python
+# First log: creates v0
+run1 = wandb.init(project="my-project")
+dataset_v0 = wandb.Artifact('my-dataset', type='dataset')
+dataset_v0.add_file('data_v1.csv')
+run1.log_artifact(dataset_v0)
+
+# Second log with same name: creates v1
+run2 = wandb.init(project="my-project")
+dataset_v1 = wandb.Artifact('my-dataset', type='dataset')
+dataset_v1.add_file('data_v2.csv')  # Different content
+run2.log_artifact(dataset_v1)
+
+# Third log with SAME content as v1: references v1 (no new version)
+run3 = wandb.init(project="my-project")
+dataset_v1_again = wandb.Artifact('my-dataset', type='dataset')
+dataset_v1_again.add_file('data_v2.csv')  # Same content as v1
+run3.log_artifact(dataset_v1_again)  # Still v1, no v2 created
+```
+
+### Track Lineage
+
+```python
+# Training run
+run = wandb.init(project="my-project")
+
+# Use dataset (input)
+dataset = run.use_artifact('training-data:v3')
+data = load_data(dataset.download())
+
+# Train model
+model = train(data)
+
+# Save model (output)
+model_artifact = wandb.Artifact('trained-model', type='model')
+torch.save(model.state_dict(), 'model.pth')
+model_artifact.add_file('model.pth')
+run.log_artifact(model_artifact)
+
+# Lineage automatically tracked:
+# training-data:v3 --> [run] --> trained-model:v0
+```
+
+### View Lineage Graph
+
+```python
+# In W&B UI:
+# Artifacts → Select artifact → Lineage tab
+# Shows:
+# - Which runs produced this artifact
+# - Which runs used this artifact
+# - Parent/child artifacts
+```
+
+## Artifact Types
+
+### Dataset Artifacts
+
+```python
+# Raw data
+raw_data = wandb.Artifact('raw-data', type='dataset')
+raw_data.add_dir('raw/')
+
+# Processed data
+processed_data = wandb.Artifact('processed-data', type='dataset')
+processed_data.add_dir('processed/')
+
+# Train/val/test splits
+train_split = wandb.Artifact('train-split', type='dataset')
+train_split.add_file('train.csv')
+
+val_split = wandb.Artifact('val-split', type='dataset')
+val_split.add_file('val.csv')
+```
+
+### Model Artifacts
+
+```python
+# Checkpoint during training
+checkpoint = wandb.Artifact('checkpoint-epoch-10', type='model')
+checkpoint.add_file('checkpoint_epoch_10.pth')
+
+# Final model
+final_model = wandb.Artifact('final-model', type='model')
+final_model.add_file('model.pth')
+final_model.add_file('tokenizer.json')
+
+# Quantized model
+quantized = wandb.Artifact('quantized-model', type='model')
+quantized.add_file('model_int8.onnx')
+```
+
+### Result Artifacts
+
+```python
+# Predictions
+predictions = wandb.Artifact('test-predictions', type='predictions')
+predictions.add_file('predictions.csv')
+
+# Evaluation metrics
+eval_results = wandb.Artifact('evaluation', type='evaluation')
+eval_results.add_file('metrics.json')
+eval_results.add_file('confusion_matrix.png')
+```
+
+## Advanced Patterns
+
+### Incremental Artifacts
+
+Add files incrementally without re-uploading.
+
+```python
+run = wandb.init(project="my-project")
+
+# Create artifact
+dataset = wandb.Artifact('incremental-dataset', type='dataset')
+
+# Add files incrementally
+for i in range(100):
+    filename = f'batch_{i}.csv'
+    process_batch(i, filename)
+    dataset.add_file(filename)
+
+    # Log progress
+    if (i + 1) % 10 == 0:
+        print(f"Added {i + 1}/100 batches")
+
+# Log complete artifact
+run.log_artifact(dataset)
+```
+
+### Artifact Tables
+
+Track structured data with W&B Tables.
+
+```python
+import wandb
+
+run = wandb.init(project="my-project")
+
+# Create table
+table = wandb.Table(columns=["id", "image", "label", "prediction"])
+
+for idx, (img, label, pred) in enumerate(zip(images, labels, predictions)):
+    table.add_data(
+        idx,
+        wandb.Image(img),
+        label,
+        pred
+    )
+
+# Log as artifact
+artifact = wandb.Artifact('predictions-table', type='predictions')
+artifact.add(table, "predictions")
+run.log_artifact(artifact)
+```
+
+### Artifact References
+
+Reference external data without copying.
+
+```python
+# S3 reference
+dataset = wandb.Artifact('s3-dataset', type='dataset')
+dataset.add_reference('s3://my-bucket/data/', name='train')
+dataset.add_reference('s3://my-bucket/labels/', name='labels')
+
+# GCS reference
+dataset.add_reference('gs://my-bucket/data/')
+
+# HTTP reference
+dataset.add_reference('https://example.com/data.zip')
+
+# Local filesystem reference (for shared storage)
+dataset.add_reference('file:///mnt/shared/data')
+```
+
+## Collaboration Patterns
+
+### Team Dataset Sharing
+
+```python
+# Data engineer creates dataset
+run = wandb.init(project="data-eng", entity="my-team")
+dataset = wandb.Artifact('shared-dataset', type='dataset')
+dataset.add_dir('data/')
+run.log_artifact(dataset, aliases=['latest', 'production'])
+
+# ML engineer uses dataset
+run = wandb.init(project="ml-training", entity="my-team")
+dataset = run.use_artifact('my-team/data-eng/shared-dataset:production')
+data = load_data(dataset.download())
+```
+
+### Model Handoff
+
+```python
+# Training team
+train_run = wandb.init(project="model-training", entity="ml-team")
+model = train_model()
+model_artifact = wandb.Artifact('nlp-model', type='model')
+model_artifact.add_file('model.pth')
+train_run.log_artifact(model_artifact)
+train_run.link_artifact(model_artifact, 'model-registry/nlp-models', aliases=['candidate'])
+
+# Evaluation team
+eval_run = wandb.init(project="model-eval", entity="ml-team")
+model_artifact = eval_run.use_artifact('model-registry/nlp-models/nlp-model:candidate')
+metrics = evaluate_model(model_artifact)
+
+if metrics['f1'] > 0.9:
+    # Promote to production
+    model_artifact.link('model-registry/nlp-models', aliases=['production'])
+```
+
+## Best Practices
+
+### 1. Use Descriptive Names
+
+```python
+# ✅ Good: Descriptive names
+wandb.Artifact('imagenet-train-augmented-v2', type='dataset')
+wandb.Artifact('bert-base-sentiment-finetuned', type='model')
+
+# ❌ Bad: Generic names
+wandb.Artifact('dataset1', type='dataset')
+wandb.Artifact('model', type='model')
+```
+
+### 2. Add Comprehensive Metadata
+
+```python
+model_artifact = wandb.Artifact(
+    'production-model',
+    type='model',
+    description='ResNet50 classifier for product categorization',
+    metadata={
+        # Model info
+        'architecture': 'ResNet50',
+        'framework': 'PyTorch 2.0',
+        'pretrained': True,
+
+        # Performance
+        'accuracy': 0.95,
+        'f1_score': 0.93,
+        'inference_time_ms': 15,
+
+        # Training
+        'epochs': 50,
+        'dataset': 'imagenet',
+        'num_samples': 1200000,
+
+        # Business context
+        'use_case': 'e-commerce product classification',
+        'owner': 'ml-team@company.com',
+        'approved_by': 'data-science-lead'
+    }
+)
+```
+
+### 3. Use Aliases for Deployment Stages
+
+```python
+# Development
+run.log_artifact(model, aliases=['dev', 'latest'])
+
+# Staging
+run.log_artifact(model, aliases=['staging'])
+
+# Production
+run.log_artifact(model, aliases=['production', 'v1.2.0'])
+
+# Archive old versions
+old_artifact = api.artifact('model:production')
+old_artifact.aliases = ['archived-v1.1.0']
+old_artifact.save()
+```
+
+### 4. Track Data Lineage
+
+```python
+def create_training_pipeline():
+    run = wandb.init(project="pipeline")
+
+    # 1. Load raw data
+    raw_data = run.use_artifact('raw-data:latest')
+
+    # 2. Preprocess
+    processed = preprocess(raw_data)
+    processed_artifact = wandb.Artifact('processed-data', type='dataset')
+    processed_artifact.add_file('processed.csv')
+    run.log_artifact(processed_artifact)
+
+    # 3. Train model
+    model = train(processed)
+    model_artifact = wandb.Artifact('trained-model', type='model')
+    model_artifact.add_file('model.pth')
+    run.log_artifact(model_artifact)
+
+    # Lineage: raw-data → processed-data → trained-model
+```
+
+### 5. Efficient Storage
+
+```python
+# ✅ Good: Reference large files
+large_dataset = wandb.Artifact('large-dataset', type='dataset')
+large_dataset.add_reference('s3://bucket/huge-file.tar.gz')
+
+# ❌ Bad: Upload giant files
+# large_dataset.add_file('huge-file.tar.gz')  # Don't do this
+
+# ✅ Good: Upload only metadata
+metadata_artifact = wandb.Artifact('dataset-metadata', type='dataset')
+metadata_artifact.add_file('metadata.json')  # Small file
+```
+
+## Resources
+
+- **Artifacts Documentation**: https://docs.wandb.ai/guides/artifacts
+- **Model Registry**: https://docs.wandb.ai/guides/model-registry
+- **Best Practices**: https://wandb.ai/site/articles/versioning-data-and-models-in-ml