@pirireis/webglobeplugins 0.17.0 → 1.0.2

package/tests/Math/arc-sampling-test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,367 @@
+/**
+ * @file This script provides a function to generate points along an arc on a unit sphere.
+ * The arc is defined by a start point, an end point, and a rotation axis.
+ * The density of the sampled points can be biased towards an 'attraction point'
+ * using a deterministic inverse transform sampling approach.
+ */
+// --- Utility Functions for 3D Vector Operations ---
+/**
+ * Normalizes a 3D vector to unit length.
+ * @param v The input vector.
+ * @returns The normalized vector. Returns [0,0,0] if the input vector is a zero vector.
+ */
+function vec3Normalize(v) {
+    var len = Math.sqrt(v[0] * v[0] + v[1] * v[1] + v[2] * v[2]);
+    if (len < 1e-9) { // Use a small epsilon to handle near-zero vectors
+        return [0, 0, 0];
+    }
+    return [v[0] / len, v[1] / len, v[2] / len];
+}
+/**
+ * Calculates the dot product of two 3D vectors.
+ * @param v1 The first vector.
+ * @param v2 The second vector.
+ * @returns The dot product.
+ */
+function vec3Dot(v1, v2) {
+    return v1[0] * v2[0] + v1[1] * v2[1] + v1[2] * v2[2];
+}
+/**
+ * Calculates the cross product of two 3D vectors.
+ * @param v1 The first vector.
+ * @param v2 The second vector.
+ * @returns The cross product vector.
+ */
+function vec3Cross(v1, v2) {
+    return [
+        v1[1] * v2[2] - v1[2] * v2[1],
+        v1[2] * v2[0] - v1[0] * v2[2],
+        v1[0] * v2[1] - v1[1] * v2[0]
+    ];
+}
+/**
+ * Scales a 3D vector by a scalar.
+ * @param v The input vector.
+ * @param s The scalar value.
+ * @returns The scaled vector.
+ */
+function vec3Scale(v, s) {
+    return [v[0] * s, v[1] * s, v[2] * s];
+}
+/**
+ * Adds two 3D vectors.
+ * @param v1 The first vector.
+ * @param v2 The second vector.
+ * @returns The resulting vector.
+ */
+function vec3Add(v1, v2) {
+    return [v1[0] + v2[0], v1[1] + v2[1], v1[2] + v2[2]];
+}
+/**
+ * Subtracts the second 3D vector from the first.
+ * @param v1 The first vector.
+ * @param v2 The second vector.
+ * @returns The resulting vector.
+ */
+function vec3Sub(v1, v2) {
+    return [v1[0] - v2[0], v1[1] - v2[1], v1[2] - v2[2]];
+}
+/**
+ * Clamps a numerical value within a specified range.
+ * @param value The value to clamp.
+ * @param min The minimum allowed value.
+ * @param max The maximum allowed value.
+ * @returns The clamped value.
+ */
+function clamp(value, min, max) {
+    return Math.max(min, Math.min(value, max));
+}
+function vec3Distance(v1, v2) {
+    var dx = v1[0] - v2[0];
+    var dy = v1[1] - v2[1];
+    var dz = v1[2] - v2[2];
+    return Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz);
+}
+/**
+ * Rotates a vector around a given axis by a specified angle using Rodrigues' rotation formula.
+ * The axis must be a unit vector for correct results.
+ * @param v The vector to rotate.
+ * @param axis The unit axis of rotation.
+ * @param angle The angle of rotation in radians.
+ * @returns The rotated vector.
+ */
+function rotateVector(v, axis, angle) {
+    var cosAngle = Math.cos(angle);
+    var sinAngle = Math.sin(angle);
+    var oneMinusCos = 1.0 - cosAngle;
+    var dotAxisV = vec3Dot(axis, v);
+    var crossAxisV = vec3Cross(axis, v);
+    // Rodrigues' rotation formula:
+    // v' = v * cos(angle) + (axis x v) * sin(angle) + axis * (axis . v) * (1 - cos(angle))
+    var term1 = vec3Scale(v, cosAngle);
+    var term2 = vec3Scale(crossAxisV, sinAngle);
+    var term3 = vec3Scale(axis, dotAxisV * oneMinusCos);
+    return vec3Add(vec3Add(term1, term2), term3);
+}
+/**
+ * Solves a quadratic equation Ax^2 + Bx + C = 0 for x, returning a root within a specified range.
+ * Handles linear cases (A approx 0) and multiple roots, selecting the most appropriate one for CDF inversion.
+ * @param a Coefficient A.
+ * @param b Coefficient B.
+ * @param c Coefficient C.
+ * @param minVal The minimum expected value for the root.
+ * @param maxVal The maximum expected value for the root.
+ * @returns The selected root within the range, or null if no valid real root.
+ */
+function solveQuadratic(a, b, c, minVal, maxVal) {
+    var epsilon = 1e-12; // Small value for floating point comparisons
+    // Case 1: Linear equation (A is close to zero)
+    if (Math.abs(a) < epsilon) {
+        if (Math.abs(b) < epsilon) {
+            // Both A and B are zero. If C is also zero, infinitely many solutions, pick minVal.
+            // Otherwise, no solutions.
+            return Math.abs(c) < epsilon ? minVal : null;
+        }
+        var x = -c / b;
+        // Check if the linear solution is within the expected range
+        return (x >= minVal - epsilon && x <= maxVal + epsilon) ? x : null;
+    }
+    // Case 2: Quadratic equation
+    var discriminant = b * b - 4 * a * c;
+    if (discriminant < -epsilon) { // No real roots (discriminant is significantly negative)
+        return null;
+    }
+    if (discriminant < epsilon) { // One real root (discriminant is close to zero)
+        var x = -b / (2 * a);
+        return (x >= minVal - epsilon && x <= maxVal + epsilon) ? x : null;
+    }
+    // Case 3: Two distinct real roots
+    var sqrtDisc = Math.sqrt(discriminant);
+    var x1 = (-b + sqrtDisc) / (2 * a);
+    var x2 = (-b - sqrtDisc) / (2 * a);
+    var validX1 = (x1 >= minVal - epsilon && x1 <= maxVal + epsilon);
+    var validX2 = (x2 >= minVal - epsilon && x2 <= maxVal + epsilon);
+    if (validX1 && validX2) {
+        // If both roots are valid, pick the one that is logically correct for CDF inversion.
+        // For an increasing CDF, we generally want the smallest valid non-negative root.
+        return Math.min(x1, x2);
+    }
+    else if (validX1) {
+        return x1;
+    }
+    else if (validX2) {
+        return x2;
+    }
+    else {
+        return null; // No valid roots within the range
+    }
+}
+// --- Main Function for Arc Point Generation ---
+/**
+ * Generates points on the shortest arc between p0 and p1 on a unit sphere.
+ * The arc is formed by rotating p0 around axisA. The density of points
+ * is higher closer to the attractionPoint.
+ *
+ * @param p0 The starting point of the arc (will be normalized).
+ * @param p1 The ending point of the arc (will be normalized).
+ * @param axisA The axis of rotation (will be normalized).
+ * @param attractionPoint The point on the unit sphere that attracts sampled points (will be normalized).
+ * @param pointCount The total number of points to generate on the arc, including p0 and p1.
+ * @param strength Controls the density bias. A value of 0 means uniform sampling.
+ * Higher positive values (e.g., 1 to 10) result in stronger attraction.
+ * @returns An array of `Vec3` representing the deterministically sampled points on the arc.
+ */
+function generateArcPoints(p0, p1, axisA, attractionPoint, pointCount, strength) {
+    var sampledPoints = [];
+    var epsilon = 1e-7; // General epsilon for vector comparisons
+    // 1. Normalize all input vectors
+    var nP0 = vec3Normalize(p0);
+    var nP1 = vec3Normalize(p1);
+    var nAxisA = vec3Normalize(axisA);
+    var nAttractionPoint = vec3Normalize(attractionPoint);
+    // Handle edge cases for pointCount
+    if (pointCount < 1) {
+        return sampledPoints;
+    }
+    if (pointCount === 1) {
+        sampledPoints.push(nP0);
+        return sampledPoints;
+    }
+    // 2. Determine the total rotation angle required to go from p0 to p1 around axisA
+    // Project p0 and p1 onto the plane perpendicular to axisA
+    var p0Projected = vec3Sub(nP0, vec3Scale(nAxisA, vec3Dot(nP0, nAxisA)));
+    var p1Projected = vec3Sub(nP1, vec3Scale(nAxisA, vec3Dot(nP1, nAxisA)));
+    var lenP0Proj = Math.sqrt(vec3Dot(p0Projected, p0Projected));
+    var lenP1Proj = Math.sqrt(vec3Dot(p1Projected, p1Projected));
+    // Handle cases where p0 or p1 are colinear with the rotation axis
+    if (lenP0Proj < epsilon || lenP1Proj < epsilon) {
+        // If start and end points are effectively the same (on or very near the axis)
+        if (Math.abs(vec3Dot(nP0, nP1) - 1.0) < epsilon) {
+            for (var i = 0; i < pointCount; i++) {
+                sampledPoints.push(nP0); // Return identical points as no meaningful arc exists
+            }
+            return sampledPoints;
+        }
+        else {
+            console.warn("generateArcPoints: p0 or p1 is colinear with axisA. Cannot form a valid arc by rotation around axisA to reach p1. Falling back to linear interpolation.");
+            // Fallback: simple linear interpolation and normalize
+            for (var i = 0; i < pointCount; i++) {
+                var t = i / (pointCount - 1);
+                var interpolated = vec3Add(vec3Scale(nP0, (1 - t)), vec3Scale(nP1, t));
+                sampledPoints.push(vec3Normalize(interpolated));
+            }
+            return sampledPoints;
+        }
+    }
+    var nP0Projected = vec3Normalize(p0Projected);
+    var nP1Projected = vec3Normalize(p1Projected);
+    // Calculate total rotation angle using atan2 for a signed angle
+    var crossProj = vec3Cross(nP0Projected, nP1Projected);
+    var totalRotationAngle = Math.atan2(vec3Dot(crossProj, nAxisA), vec3Dot(nP0Projected, nP1Projected));
+    // If total rotation angle is negligible, all points are essentially p0
+    if (Math.abs(totalRotationAngle) < epsilon) {
+        for (var i = 0; i < pointCount; i++) {
+            sampledPoints.push(nP0);
+        }
+        return sampledPoints;
+    }
+    // 3. Find alpha_A: the angle parameter (from p0) where the arc point is closest to attractionPoint
+    // We search over `t` from 0 to 1, and map to actual rotation angles.
+    var alpha_A = 0.0; // This will be the actual rotation angle
+    var minAngleToAttraction = Math.PI; // Initialize with max possible angle
+    var testSteps = 1000; // Granularity for finding alpha_A
+    for (var i = 0; i <= testSteps; i++) {
+        var t_test = i / testSteps; // Normalized parameter [0, 1]
+        var currentAlpha = totalRotationAngle * t_test; // Actual rotation angle
+        var pArcTest = rotateVector(nP0, nAxisA, currentAlpha); // Point on arc
+        var dotProduct = clamp(vec3Dot(pArcTest, nAttractionPoint), -1.0, 1.0);
+        var currentAngle = Math.acos(dotProduct);
+        if (currentAngle < minAngleToAttraction) {
+            minAngleToAttraction = currentAngle;
+            alpha_A = currentAlpha;
+        }
+    }
+    // 4. Define the PDF parameters (for normalized parameter t in [0,1])
+    // The density function for 't' (normalized angle from 0 to 1)
+    var minDensity = 1.0;
+    // Strength ensures positive density. Higher strength gives more pronounced peak.
+    var maxDensity = minDensity + Math.max(0, strength);
+    // Normalize alpha_A to the [0, 1] range for the PDF/CDF calculations
+    // This represents the peak position (t_peak) within the normalized parameter space.
+    var alpha_A_normalized = totalRotationAngle !== 0 ? clamp(alpha_A / totalRotationAngle, 0, 1) : 0;
+    // Normalization constant for the PDF (integral over [0,1] must be 1)
+    // Area of trapezoid = 0.5 * (base1 + base2) * height
+    // In our case, the "bases" are minDensity and maxDensity, "height" is 1 (the t-interval length)
+    var pdfArea = 0.5 * (minDensity + maxDensity);
+    var pdfNormalizationConstant = 1.0 / pdfArea;
+    // Calculate CDF value at the peak point (alpha_A_normalized)
+    // This splits the CDF into two regions for the quadratic solver
+    var cdfAtAlphaA_norm = pdfNormalizationConstant * (minDensity * alpha_A_normalized + 0.5 * (maxDensity - minDensity) * alpha_A_normalized);
+    // 5. Generate deterministic points using inverse transform sampling
+    for (var i = 0; i < pointCount; i++) {
+        // Generate uniformly spaced values `u` in [0, 1]
+        var u = i / (pointCount - 1);
+        var t_sampled = // This will be the sampled normalized parameter [0, 1]
+         void 0; // This will be the sampled normalized parameter [0, 1]
+        if (u <= cdfAtAlphaA_norm) {
+            // Case 1: The sampled point falls in the first part of the PDF (0 to alpha_A_normalized)
+            // F(t) = normConst * (minDensity * t + 0.5 * (maxDensity - minDensity) / alpha_A_normalized * t^2)
+            // Rearrange to A*t^2 + B*t + C = 0 for solving:
+            var A = (alpha_A_normalized !== 0) ? pdfNormalizationConstant * 0.5 * (maxDensity - minDensity) / alpha_A_normalized : 0;
+            var B = pdfNormalizationConstant * minDensity;
+            var C = -u;
+            var result = solveQuadratic(A, B, C, 0, alpha_A_normalized);
+            // Fallback for unexpected null (e.g., numerical issues)
+            t_sampled = result !== null ? result : (u / (cdfAtAlphaA_norm || epsilon)) * alpha_A_normalized;
+        }
+        else {
+            // Case 2: The sampled point falls in the second part of the PDF (alpha_A_normalized to 1)
+            // F(t) - cdfAtAlphaA_norm = normConst * [ maxDensity * (t - alpha_A_normalized) - 0.5 * (maxDensity - minDensity) / (1 - alpha_A_normalized) * (t - alpha_A_normalized)^2 ]
+            // Let x = t - alpha_A_normalized. Solve for x: A'*x^2 + B'*x + C' = 0
+            var rangeAfterA = 1 - alpha_A_normalized;
+            var A_prime = (rangeAfterA !== 0) ? -pdfNormalizationConstant * 0.5 * (maxDensity - minDensity) / rangeAfterA : 0;
+            var B_prime = pdfNormalizationConstant * maxDensity;
+            var C_prime = -(u - cdfAtAlphaA_norm);
+            var result_x = solveQuadratic(A_prime, B_prime, C_prime, 0, rangeAfterA);
+            // Fallback for unexpected null
+            t_sampled = (result_x !== null ? alpha_A_normalized + result_x :
+                alpha_A_normalized + (u - cdfAtAlphaA_norm) / ((1 - cdfAtAlphaA_norm) || epsilon) * rangeAfterA);
+        }
+        // Ensure t_sampled is within [0, 1] due to potential float inaccuracies
+        t_sampled = clamp(t_sampled, 0, 1);
+        // Convert the normalized parameter 't_sampled' back to the actual rotation angle
+        var actualRotationAngle = totalRotationAngle * t_sampled;
+        // Rotate the starting point p0 by this angle around axisA to get the final point
+        var currentPoint = rotateVector(nP0, nAxisA, actualRotationAngle);
+        sampledPoints.push(currentPoint);
+    }
+    return sampledPoints;
+}
+// --- Example Usage (for demonstration and testing) ---
+// Example 1: Basic arc, attraction point in the middle
+var p0_ex1 = [1, 0, 0];
+var p1_ex1 = [0, 1, 0]; // 90 deg rotation around Z-axis
+var axisA_ex1 = [0, 0, 1];
+var attractionPoint_ex1 = [Math.sqrt(0.5), Math.sqrt(0.5), 0]; // On the arc, middle of P0-P1
+var numPoints_ex1 = 50;
+var strength_ex1 = 100.0; // Strong attraction
+console.log("--- Example 1: Attraction point in the middle of the arc ---");
+var points1 = generateArcPoints(p0_ex1, p1_ex1, axisA_ex1, attractionPoint_ex1, numPoints_ex1, strength_ex1);
+console.log("Generated ".concat(points1.length, " points."));
+// To observe concentration, you might visualize these points or calculate their 't' parameter distribution.
+// For console output, let's print a few:
+console.log("First 5 points:", points1.slice(0, 5).map(function (p) { return p.map(function (coord) { return coord.toFixed(4); }); }));
+console.log("Last 5 points:", points1.slice(-5).map(function (p) { return p.map(function (coord) { return coord.toFixed(4); }); }));
+// Expected: Points should be denser around [0.707, 0.707, 0]
+var sequentialDistances1 = points1.map(function (p, i) {
+    if (i === 0)
+        return 0; // Skip the first point
+    return vec3Distance(points1[i - 1], p);
+});
+console.log("Sequential distances between points (should be roughly equal for uniform distribution):", sequentialDistances1.map(function (d) { return d.toFixed(4); }));
+// Example 2: Attraction point near p0
+var p0_ex2 = [1, 0, 0];
+var p1_ex2 = [0, 1, 0];
+var axisA_ex2 = [0, 0, 1];
+var attractionPoint_ex2 = [0.99, 0.01, 0]; // Very close to P0
+var numPoints_ex2 = 50;
+var strength_ex2 = 10.0; // Very strong attraction
+console.log("\n--- Example 2: Attraction point near the start (p0) ---");
+var points2 = generateArcPoints(p0_ex2, p1_ex2, axisA_ex2, attractionPoint_ex2, numPoints_ex2, strength_ex2);
+console.log("Generated ".concat(points2.length, " points."));
+console.log("First 5 points:", points2.slice(0, 5).map(function (p) { return p.map(function (coord) { return coord.toFixed(4); }); }));
+console.log("Last 5 points:", points2.slice(-5).map(function (p) { return p.map(function (coord) { return coord.toFixed(4); }); }));
+// Expected: Points should be denser near [1, 0, 0]
+// Example 3: Attraction point away from the arc (expect less concentration)
+var p0_ex3 = [1, 0, 0];
+var p1_ex3 = [0, 1, 0];
+var axisA_ex3 = [0, 0, 1];
+var attractionPoint_ex3 = [0, 0, 1]; // North pole, away from the XY plane arc
+var numPoints_ex3 = 50;
+var strength_ex3 = 5.0;
+console.log("\n--- Example 3: Attraction point away from the arc ---");
+var points3 = generateArcPoints(p0_ex3, p1_ex3, axisA_ex3, attractionPoint_ex3, numPoints_ex3, strength_ex3);
+console.log("Generated ".concat(points3.length, " points."));
+console.log("First 5 points:", points3.slice(0, 5).map(function (p) { return p.map(function (coord) { return coord.toFixed(4); }); }));
+console.log("Last 5 points:", points3.slice(-5).map(function (p) { return p.map(function (coord) { return coord.toFixed(4); }); }));
+// Expected: Points should be relatively uniformly distributed, as no point on the arc is significantly closer.
+// The "closest point" on the arc will likely be determined by its closest angular projection.
+// Example 4: No attraction (uniform distribution)
+var p0_ex4 = [1, 0, 0];
+var p1_ex4 = [0, 1, 0];
+var axisA_ex4 = [0, 0, 1];
+var attractionPoint_ex4 = [Math.sqrt(1 / 2), Math.sqrt(1 / 2), 0]; // Irrelevant when strength is 0
+var numPoints_ex4 = 50;
+var strength_ex4 = 4.0; // No attraction (uniform)
+console.log("\n--- Example 4: Uniform distribution (strength = 0) ---");
+var points4 = generateArcPoints(p0_ex4, p1_ex4, axisA_ex4, attractionPoint_ex4, numPoints_ex4, strength_ex4);
+console.log("Generated ".concat(points4.length, " points."));
+console.log("First 5 points:", points4.slice(0, 5).map(function (p) { return p.map(function (coord) { return coord.toFixed(4); }); }));
+console.log("Last 5 points:", points4.slice(-5).map(function (p) { return p.map(function (coord) { return coord.toFixed(4); }); }));
+// Expected: Points should be uniformly spaced.
+var sequentialDistances = points4.map(function (p, i) {
+    if (i === 0)
+        return 0; // Skip the first point
+    return vec3Distance(points4[i - 1], p);
+});
+console.log("Sequential distances between points (should be roughly equal for uniform distribution):", sequentialDistances.map(function (d) { return d.toFixed(4); }));