@needle-tools/engine 4.5.0-alpha.7 → 4.5.0

package/src/engine-components/export/usdz/extensions/Animation.ts

@@ -1,1204 +1,1204 @@
-import { AnimationClip, Bone,Interpolant, KeyframeTrack, Matrix4, Object3D, PropertyBinding, Quaternion, Vector3 } from "three";
-
-import { isDevEnvironment, showBalloonWarning } from "../../../../engine/debug/debug.js";
-import { getParam } from "../../../../engine/engine_utils.js";
-import { Animator } from "../../../Animator.js";
-import { GameObject } from "../../../Component.js";
-import type { IUSDExporterExtension } from "../Extension.js";
-import { buildMatrix, findStructuralNodesInBoneHierarchy, getPathToSkeleton,usdNumberFormatting as fn, USDObject, USDWriter, USDZExporterContext } from "../ThreeUSDZExporter.js";
-
-const debug = getParam("debugusdzanimation");
-const debugSerialization = getParam("debugusdzanimationserialization");
-
-export interface UsdzAnimation {
-    createAnimation(ext: AnimationExtension, model: USDObject, context);
-}
-
-export type AnimationClipCollection = Array<{ root: Object3D, clips: Array<AnimationClip> }>;
-
-export class RegisteredAnimationInfo {
-
-    private _start?: number;
-    get start(): number { 
-        if (this._start === undefined) {
-            this._start = this.ext.getStartTimeByClip(this.clip);
-        }
-        return this._start;
-    }
-    get duration(): number { return this.clip?.duration ?? TransformData.restPoseClipDuration; }
-    get nearestAnimatedRoot(): Object3D | undefined { return this._nearestAnimatedRoot; }
-    get clipName(): string { return this.clip?.name ?? "rest"; }
-
-    private ext: AnimationExtension;
-    private root: Object3D;
-    private _nearestAnimatedRoot?: Object3D = undefined;
-    private clip: AnimationClip | null;
-
-    // Playback speed. Does not affect how the animation is written, just how fast actions play it back.
-    speed?: number;
-
-    constructor(ext: AnimationExtension, root: Object3D, clip: AnimationClip | null) {
-        this.ext = ext;
-        this.root = root;
-        this.clip = clip;
-
-        this._nearestAnimatedRoot = this.getNearestAnimatedRoot();
-    }
-
-    private static isDescendantOf(parent: Object3D, child: Object3D) {
-        let current: Object3D | null = child;
-        if (!current || !parent) return false;
-        while (current) {
-            if (!current) return false;
-            if (current === parent) return true;
-            current = current.parent;
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    /** Finds the nearest actually animated object under root based on the tracks in the AnimationClip. */
-    getNearestAnimatedRoot() {
-        let highestRoot: Object3D | undefined = undefined;
-        try {
-            for (const track of this.clip?.tracks ?? []) {
-                const parsedPath = PropertyBinding.parseTrackName(track.name);
-                let animationTarget = PropertyBinding.findNode(this.root, parsedPath.nodeName);
-                if (animationTarget) {
-                    if (!highestRoot) highestRoot = animationTarget;
-                    else {
-                        if (animationTarget === highestRoot) continue;
-                        if (RegisteredAnimationInfo.isDescendantOf(highestRoot, animationTarget)) continue;
-                        if (!RegisteredAnimationInfo.isDescendantOf(animationTarget, highestRoot)) {
-                            // TODO test this, should find the nearest common ancestor
-                            while (!RegisteredAnimationInfo.isDescendantOf(animationTarget, highestRoot) && animationTarget.parent) {
-                                animationTarget = animationTarget.parent;
-                            }
-                            if (!RegisteredAnimationInfo.isDescendantOf(animationTarget, highestRoot)) {
-                                console.error("USDZExporter: Animation clip targets multiple roots that are not parent/child. Please report a bug", this.root, this.clip, highestRoot, animationTarget);
-                            }
-                        }
-                        highestRoot = animationTarget;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        } catch (e) {
-            console.error("USDZExporter: Exception when trying to find nearest animated root. Please report a bug", e);
-            highestRoot = undefined;
-        }
-        return highestRoot;
-    }
-}
-
-export class TransformData {
-    clip: AnimationClip | null;
-    pos?: KeyframeTrack;
-    rot?: KeyframeTrack;
-    scale?: KeyframeTrack;
-
-    private root: Object3D | null;
-    private target: Object3D;
-    private duration = 0;
-    private useRootMotion = false;
-
-    /** This value can theoretically be anything – a value of 1 is good to clearly see animation gaps.
-     * For production, a value of 1/60 is enough, since the files can then still properly play back at 60fps.
-     */
-    static frameRate = 60;
-    static animationDurationPadding = 6 / 60;
-    static restPoseClipDuration = 6 / 60;
-
-    constructor(root: Object3D | null, target: Object3D, clip: AnimationClip | null) {
-        this.root = root;
-        this.target = target;
-        this.clip = clip;
-
-        // this is a rest pose clip.
-        // we assume duration 1/60 and no tracks, and when queried for times we just return [0, duration]
-        if (!clip) {
-            this.duration = TransformData.restPoseClipDuration;
-        }
-        else {
-            this.duration = clip.duration;
-        }
-
-        // warn if the duration does not equal the maximum time value in the tracks
-        if (clip && clip.tracks) {
-            const maxTime = Math.max(...clip.tracks.map((t) => t.times[t.times.length - 1]));
-            if (maxTime !== this.duration) {
-                console.warn("USDZExporter: Animation clip duration does not match the maximum time value in the tracks.", clip, maxTime, this.duration);
-                // We need to override the duration, otherwise we end up with gaps in the exported animation
-                // where there are actually no written animation values
-                this.duration = maxTime;
-            }
-        }
-
-        const animator = GameObject.getComponent(root, Animator);
-        if (animator) this.useRootMotion = animator.applyRootMotion;
-    }
-
-    addTrack(track: KeyframeTrack) {
-        if (!this.clip) {
-            console.error("This is a rest clip but you're trying to add tracks to it – this is likely a bug");
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (track.name.endsWith("position")) this.pos = track;
-        else if (track.name.endsWith("quaternion")) this.rot = track;
-        else if (track.name.endsWith("scale")) this.scale = track;
-        else {
-            if (track.name.endsWith("activeSelf")) {
-                /*
-                // Construct a scale track, then apply to the existing scale track.
-                // Not supported right now, because it would also require properly tracking that these objects need to be enabled
-                // at animation start because they're animating the enabled state... otherwise they just stay disabled from scene start
-                const newValues = [...track.values].map((v) => v ? [1,1,1] : [0,0,0]).flat();
-                const scaleTrack = new KeyframeTrack(track.name.replace(".activeSelf", ".scale"), track.times, newValues, InterpolateDiscrete); 
-                if (!this.scale) 
-                {
-                    this.scale = scaleTrack;
-                    console.log("Mock scale track", this.scale);
-                }
-                */
-                console.warn("[USDZ] Animation of enabled/disabled state is not supported for USDZ export and will NOT be exported: " + track.name + " on " + (this.root?.name ?? this.target.name) + ". Animate scale 0/1 instead.");
-            }
-            else {
-                console.warn("[USDZ] Animation track type not supported for USDZ export and will NOT be exported: " + track.name + " on " + (this.root?.name ?? this.target.name) + ". Only .position, .rotation, .scale are supported.");
-            }
-
-            if (isDevEnvironment()) showBalloonWarning("[USDZ] Some animations can't be exported. See console for details.");
-        }
-    }
-
-    getFrames(): number {
-        if (!this.clip) return 2;
-        return Math.max(this.pos?.times?.length ?? 0, this.rot?.times?.length ?? 0, this.scale?.times?.length ?? 0);
-    }
-
-    getDuration(): number {
-        return this.duration;
-    }
-
-    getSortedTimesArray(generatePos: boolean = true, generateRot: boolean = true, generateScale: boolean = true) {
-        if (!this.clip) return [0, this.duration];
-
-        const posTimesArray = this.pos?.times;
-        const rotTimesArray = this.rot?.times;
-        const scaleTimesArray = this.scale?.times;
-        
-        // timesArray is the sorted union of all time values
-        const timesArray: number[] = [];
-        if (generatePos && posTimesArray) for (const t of posTimesArray) timesArray.push(t);
-        if (generateRot && rotTimesArray) for (const t of rotTimesArray) timesArray.push(t);
-        if (generateScale && scaleTimesArray) for (const t of scaleTimesArray) timesArray.push(t);
-
-        // We also need to make sure we have start and end times for these tracks
-        // We already ensure this is the case for duration – it's always the maximum time value in the tracks
-        // (see constructor)
-        if (!timesArray.includes(0)) timesArray.push(0);
-
-        // sort times so it's increasing
-        timesArray.sort((a, b) => a - b);
-        // make sure time values are unique
-        return [...new Set(timesArray)];
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns an iterator that yields the values for each time sample. 
-     * Values are reused objects - if you want to append them to some array 
-     * instead of processing them right away, clone() them.
-     * @param timesArray 
-     * @param generatePos 
-     * @param generateRot 
-     * @param generateScale 
-     */
-    *getValues(timesArray: number[], generatePos: boolean = true, generateRot: boolean = true, generateScale: boolean = true) {
-
-        const translation = new Vector3();
-        const rotation = new Quaternion();
-        const scale = new Vector3(1, 1, 1);
-        const object = this.target;
-
-        const positionInterpolant: Interpolant | undefined = generatePos ? this.pos?.createInterpolant() : undefined;
-        const rotationInterpolant: Interpolant | undefined = generateRot ? this.rot?.createInterpolant() : undefined;
-        const scaleInterpolant: Interpolant | undefined = generateScale ? this.scale?.createInterpolant() : undefined;
-
-        if (!positionInterpolant) translation.set(object.position.x, object.position.y, object.position.z);
-        if (!rotationInterpolant) rotation.set(object.quaternion.x, object.quaternion.y, object.quaternion.z, object.quaternion.w);
-        if (!scaleInterpolant) scale.set(object.scale.x, object.scale.y, object.scale.z);
-
-        // WORKAROUND because it seems that sometimes we get a quaternion interpolant with a valueSize
-        // of its own length... which then goes into an endless loop
-        if (positionInterpolant && positionInterpolant.valueSize !== 3)
-            positionInterpolant.valueSize = 3;
-        if (rotationInterpolant && rotationInterpolant.valueSize !== 4)
-            rotationInterpolant.valueSize = 4;
-        if (scaleInterpolant && scaleInterpolant.valueSize !== 3)
-            scaleInterpolant.valueSize = 3;
-
-        // We're optionally padding with one extra time step at the beginning and the end
-        // So that we don't get unwanted interpolations between clips (during the padding time)
-        const extraFrame = 0; // TransformData.animationDurationPadding > 1 / 60 ? 1 : 0;
-        for (let index = 0 - extraFrame; index < timesArray.length + extraFrame; index++) {
-            let time = 0;
-            let returnTime = 0;
-            if (index < 0) {
-                time = timesArray[0];
-                returnTime = time - (TransformData.animationDurationPadding / 2) + 1 / 60;
-            }
-            else if (index >= timesArray.length) {
-                time = timesArray[timesArray.length - 1];
-                returnTime = time + (TransformData.animationDurationPadding / 2) - 1 / 60;
-            }
-            else {
-                time = timesArray[index];
-                returnTime = time;
-            }
-
-            if (positionInterpolant) {
-                const pos = positionInterpolant.evaluate(time);
-                translation.set(pos[0], pos[1], pos[2]);
-            }
-            if (rotationInterpolant) {
-                const quat = rotationInterpolant.evaluate(time);
-                rotation.set(quat[0], quat[1], quat[2], quat[3]);
-            }
-            if (scaleInterpolant) {
-                const scaleVal = scaleInterpolant.evaluate(time);
-                scale.set(scaleVal[0], scaleVal[1], scaleVal[2]);
-            }
-
-            // Apply basic root motion offset – non-animated transformation data is applied to the node again.
-            // We're doing this because clips that animate their own root are (typically) not in world space,
-            // but in local space and moved to a specific spot in the world.
-            if (this.useRootMotion && object === this.root) {
-                const rootMatrix = new Matrix4();
-                rootMatrix.compose(translation, rotation, scale);
-                rootMatrix.multiply(object.matrix);
-                rootMatrix.decompose(translation, rotation, scale);
-            }
-
-            yield { time: returnTime, translation, rotation, scale, index };
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-export class AnimationExtension implements IUSDExporterExtension {
-
-    get extensionName(): string { return "animation" }
-    get animationData() { return this.dict; }
-    get registeredClips() { return this.clipToStartTime.keys(); }
-    get animatedRoots() { return this.rootTargetMap.keys(); }
-    get holdClipMap() { return this.clipToHoldClip; }
-
-    /** For each animated object, contains time/pos/rot/scale samples in the format that USD needs,
-     *  ready to be written to the .usda file.
-     */
-    private dict: Map<Object3D, Array<TransformData>> = new Map();
-    /** Map of all roots (Animation/Animator or scene) and all targets that they animate.
-     *  We need that info so that we can ensure that each target has the same number of TransformData entries
-     *  so that switching between animations doesn't result in data "leaking" to another clip.
-     */
-    private rootTargetMap = new Map<Object3D, Array<Object3D>>();
-    private rootAndClipToRegisteredAnimationMap = new Map<string, RegisteredAnimationInfo>();
-    /** Clips registered for each root */
-    private rootToRegisteredClip = new Map<Object3D, Array<AnimationClip>>();
-    private lastClipEndTime = 0;
-    private clipToStartTime: Map<AnimationClip, number> = new Map();
-    private clipToHoldClip: Map<AnimationClip, AnimationClip> = new Map();
-
-    private serializers: SerializeAnimation[] = [];
-    
-    /** Determines if we inject a rest pose clip for each root - only makes sense for QuickLook */
-    injectRestPoses = false;
-    /** Determines if we inject a PlayAnimationOnClick component with "scenestart" trigger - only makes sense for QuickLook */
-    injectImplicitBehaviours = false;
-
-    constructor(quickLookCompatible: boolean) {
-        this.injectRestPoses = quickLookCompatible;
-        this.injectImplicitBehaviours = quickLookCompatible;
-    }
-
-    getStartTimeCode() {
-        // return the end time + padding of the rest clip, if any exists
-        if (!this.injectRestPoses) return 0;
-        if (this.rootAndClipToRegisteredAnimationMap.size === 0) return 0;
-        // return 0;
-        return (TransformData.restPoseClipDuration + TransformData.animationDurationPadding) * 60;
-    }
-
-    /** Returns the end time code, based on 60 frames per second, for all registered animations.
-     * This matches the highest time value in the USDZ file. */
-    getEndTimeCode() {
-        let max = 0;
-        for (const [_, info] of this.rootAndClipToRegisteredAnimationMap) {
-            const end = info.start + info.duration;
-            if (end > max) max = end;
-        }
-        return max * 60;
-    }
-
-    getClipCount(root: Object3D): number {
-        const currentCount = this.rootToRegisteredClip.get(root)?.length ?? 0;
-        // The rest pose is not part of rootToRegisteredClip
-        // if (this.injectRestPoses) currentCount = currentCount ? currentCount - 1 : 0;
-        return currentCount ?? 0;
-    }
-
-    /*
-    // TODO why do we have this here and on TransformData? Can RegisteredAnimationInfo not cache this value?
-    // TODO we probably want to assert here that this is the same value on all nodes
-    getStartTime01(root: Object3D, clip: AnimationClip | null) {
-        // This is a rest pose clip, it always starts at 0
-        if (!clip) return 0;
-
-        const targets = this.rootTargetMap.get(root);
-        if (!targets) return 0;
-        const transformDatas = this.dict.get(targets[0]);
-        if (!transformDatas) {
-            console.error("Trying to get start time for root that has no animation data", root, clip, ...this.dict);
-            return 0;
-        }
-
-        let currentStartTime = 0;
-        for (let i = 0; i < transformDatas.length; i++) {
-            if (transformDatas[i].clip === clip) break;
-            currentStartTime += transformDatas[i].getDuration() + TransformData.animationDurationPadding;
-        }
-
-        return currentStartTime;
-    }
-    */
-
-    getStartTimeByClip(clip: AnimationClip | null) {
-        if (!clip) return 0;
-        if (!this.clipToStartTime.has(clip)) {
-            console.error("USDZExporter: Missing start time for clip – please report a bug.", clip);
-            return 0;
-        } 
-        const time = this.clipToStartTime.get(clip)!;
-        return time;
-    }
-
-    // The same clip could be registered for different roots. All of them need written animation data then.
-    // The same root could have multiple clips registered to it. If it does, the clips need to write
-    // independent time data, so that playing back an animation on that root doesn't result in data "leaking"/"overlapping".
-    // The structure we need is:
-    // - MyRoot
-    //   Animator
-    //     - Clip1: CubeScale (only animates MyCube), duration: 3s
-    //     - Clip2: SphereRotation (only animates MySphere), duration: 2s
-    //   - MyCube
-    //   - MySphere
-    // Results in:
-    // - MyRoot
-    //   - MyCube
-    //     - # rest clip (0..0.1)
-    //     - # CubeScale (0.2..3.2)
-    //     - # rest clip for SphereRotation (3.3..5.3)
-    //   - MySphere
-    //     - # rest clip (0..0.1)
-    //     - # rest clip for CubeScale (0.2..3.2)
-    //     - # SphereRotation (3.3..5.3)
-
-    /** Register an AnimationClip for a specific root object.
-     * @param root The root object that the animation clip is targeting.
-     * @param clip The animation clip to register. If null, a rest pose is registered.
-     * @returns The registered animation info, which contains the start time and duration of the clip.
-     */
-    registerAnimation(root: Object3D, clip: AnimationClip | null): RegisteredAnimationInfo | null {
-        if(!root) return null;
-        if (!this.rootTargetMap.has(root)) this.rootTargetMap.set(root, []);
-
-        // if we registered that exact pair already, just return the info
-        // no proper tuples in JavaScript, but we can use the uuids for a unique key here
-        const hash = root.uuid + (clip?.uuid ?? "-rest");
-        if (this.rootAndClipToRegisteredAnimationMap.has(hash)) {
-            return this.rootAndClipToRegisteredAnimationMap.get(hash)!;
-        }
-
-        if (debug) console.log("registerAnimation", root, clip);
-
-        // When injecting a rest clip, the rest clip has ALL animated nodes as targets.
-        // So all other nodes will already have at least one animated clip registered, and their own
-        // animations need to start at index 1. Otherwise we're getting overlap where everything is
-        // in animation 0 and some data overrides each other incorrectly.
-        // When we don't inject a rest clip, we start at 0.
-        const startIndex = this.injectRestPoses ? 1 : 0;
-        const currentCount = (this.rootToRegisteredClip.get(root)?.length ?? 0) + startIndex;
-
-        const targets = this.rootTargetMap.get(root);
-        const unregisteredNodesForThisClip = new Set(targets);
-        if (clip && clip.tracks) {
-        // We could sort so that supported tracks come first, this allows us to support some additional tracks by 
-        // modifying what has already been written for the supported ones (e.g. enabled -> modify scale).
-        // Only needed if we're actually emulating some unsupported track types in addTrack(...).
-        // const sortedTracks = clip.tracks.filter(x => !!x).sort((a, _b) => a.name.endsWith("position") || a.name.endsWith("quaternion") || a.name.endsWith("scale") ? -1 : 1);
-        for (const track of clip.tracks) {
-            const parsedPath = PropertyBinding.parseTrackName(track.name);
-            const animationTarget = PropertyBinding.findNode(root, parsedPath.nodeName);
-            
-            if (!animationTarget) {
-                console.warn("no object found for track", track.name, "using " + root.name + " instead");
-                continue;
-                // // if no object was found it might be that we have a component that references an animation clip but wants to target another object
-                // // in that case UnityGLTF writes the name of the component as track targets because it doesnt know of the intented target
-                // animationTarget = root;
-            }
-            if (!this.dict.has(animationTarget)) {
-                this.dict.set(animationTarget, []);
-            }
-            const transformDataForTarget = this.dict.get(animationTarget);
-            if (!transformDataForTarget) {
-                console.warn("no transform data found for target ", animationTarget, "at slot " + currentCount + ", this is likely a bug");
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            // this node has animation data for this clip – no need for additional padding
-            unregisteredNodesForThisClip.delete(animationTarget);
-
-            // Since we're interleaving animations, we need to ensure that for the same root,
-            // all clips that "touch" it are written in the same order for all animated nodes.
-            // this means we need to pad the TransformData array with empty entries when a particular
-            // node inside that root is not animated by a particular clip.
-            // It also means that when we encounter a clip that contains animation data for a new node,
-            // We need to pad that one's array as well so it starts at the same point.
-            // TODO most likely doesn't work for overlapping clips (clips where a root is a child of another root)
-            // TODO in that case we may need to pad globally, not per root
-
-            // Inject a rest pose if we don't have it already
-            if (this.injectRestPoses && !transformDataForTarget[0]) {
-                console.log("Injecting rest pose", animationTarget, clip, "at slot", currentCount);
-                transformDataForTarget[0] = new TransformData(null, animationTarget, null);
-            }
-            // These all need to be at the same index, otherwise our padding went wrong
-            let model = transformDataForTarget[currentCount];
-            
-            if (!model) {
-                model = new TransformData(root, animationTarget, clip);
-                transformDataForTarget[currentCount] = model;
-            }
-            model.addTrack(track);
-
-            // We're keeping track of all animated nodes per root, needed for proper padding
-            if (!targets?.includes(animationTarget)) targets?.push(animationTarget);
-        }
-        }
-
-        if (debug) console.log("Unregistered nodes for this clip", unregisteredNodesForThisClip, "clip", clip, "at slot", currentCount, "for root", root, "targets", targets)
-
-        // add padding for nodes that are not animated by this clip
-        for (const target of unregisteredNodesForThisClip) {
-            const transformDataForTarget = this.dict.get(target);
-            if (!transformDataForTarget) continue;
-
-            // Inject rest pose if these nodes don't have it yet for some reason – this is likely a bug
-            if (this.injectRestPoses && !transformDataForTarget[0]) {
-                console.warn("Adding rest pose for ", target, clip, "at slot", currentCount, "This is likely a bug, should have been added earlier.");
-                const model = new TransformData(null, target, null);
-                transformDataForTarget[0] = model;
-            }
-
-            let model = transformDataForTarget[currentCount];
-            if (!model) {
-                if (debug) console.log("Adding padding clip for ", target, clip, "at slot", currentCount);
-                model = new TransformData(root, target, clip);
-                transformDataForTarget[currentCount] = model;
-            }
-        }
-
-        // get the entry for this object. 
-        // This doesnt work if we have clips animating multiple objects
-        const info = new RegisteredAnimationInfo(this, root, clip);
-        this.rootAndClipToRegisteredAnimationMap.set(hash, info);
-        
-        if (debug) console.log({root, clip, info});
-        if (clip) {
-            const registered = this.rootToRegisteredClip.get(root);
-            if (!registered) this.rootToRegisteredClip.set(root, [clip]);
-            else registered.push(clip);
-
-            const lastClip = this.clipToStartTime.get(clip);
-            if (!lastClip) {
-                if (this.lastClipEndTime == null) this.lastClipEndTime = TransformData.restPoseClipDuration;
-                
-                let newStartTime = this.lastClipEndTime + TransformData.animationDurationPadding;
-                let newEndTime = newStartTime + clip.duration;
-
-                // Round these times, makes it easier to understand what happens in the file
-                const roundedStartTime = Math.round(newStartTime * 60) / 60;
-                const roundedEndTime = Math.round(newEndTime * 60) / 60;
-                if (Math.abs(roundedStartTime - newStartTime) < 0.01) newStartTime = roundedStartTime;
-                if (Math.abs(roundedEndTime - newEndTime) < 0.01) newEndTime = roundedEndTime;
-                // Round newStartTime up to the next frame
-                newStartTime = Math.ceil(newStartTime);
-                newEndTime = newStartTime + clip.duration;
-                
-                this.clipToStartTime.set(clip, newStartTime);
-                this.lastClipEndTime = newEndTime;
-            }
-        }
-        return info;
-    }
-
-    onAfterHierarchy(_context) {
-        if (debug) console.log("Animation clips per animation target node", this.dict);
-    }
-
-    onAfterBuildDocument(_context: any) {
-
-        // Validation: go through all roots, check if their data and lengths are consistent.
-        // There are some cases that we can patch up here, especially if non-overlapping animations have resulted in "holes"
-        // in TransformData where only now we know what the matching animation clip actually is.
-        if (debug) console.log("Animation data", { dict: this.dict, rootTargetMap: this.rootTargetMap, rootToRegisteredClip: this.rootToRegisteredClip});
-
-        for (const root of this.rootTargetMap.keys()) {
-            const targets = this.rootTargetMap.get(root);
-
-            if (!targets) continue;
-
-            // The TransformData[] arrays here should have the same length, and the same durations
-            let arrayLength: number | undefined = undefined;
-            const durations: Array<number | undefined> = [];
-            for (const target of targets) {
-                const datas = this.dict.get(target);
-                if (!datas) {
-                    console.error("No data found for target on USDZ export – please report a bug!", target);
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                if (arrayLength === undefined) arrayLength = datas?.length;
-                if (arrayLength !== datas?.length) console.error("Different array lengths for targets – please report a bug!", datas);
-
-                for (let i = 0; i < datas.length; i++) {
-                    let data = datas[i];
-                    if (!data) {
-                        // If we don't have TransformData for this object yet, we're emitting a rest pose with the duration
-                        // of the matching clip that was registered for this root. 
-                        const index = i - (this.injectRestPoses ? 1 : 0);
-                        datas[i] = new TransformData(null, target, this.rootToRegisteredClip.get(root)![index]);
-                        data = datas[i];
-                    }
-
-                    const duration = data.getDuration();
-                    if (durations[i] === undefined) durations[i] = duration;
-                    else if (durations[i] !== duration) {
-                        console.error("Error during UDSZ export: Encountered different animation durations for animated targets. Please report a bug!", {datas, target});
-                        durations[i] = duration;
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        for (const ser of this.serializers) {
-            const parent = ser.model?.parent;
-            const isEmptyParent = parent?.isDynamic === true;
-            if (debugSerialization) console.log(isEmptyParent, ser.model?.parent);
-            if (isEmptyParent) {
-                ser.registerCallback(parent);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    onExportObject(object, model: USDObject, _context) {
-
-        GameObject.foreachComponent(object, (comp) => {
-            const c = comp as unknown as UsdzAnimation;
-            if (typeof c.createAnimation === "function") {
-                c.createAnimation(this, model, _context);
-            }
-        }, false);
-
-        // we need to be able to retarget serialization to empty parents before actually serializing (we do that in another callback)
-        const ser = new SerializeAnimation(object, this);
-        this.serializers.push(ser);
-        ser.registerCallback(model);
-    }
-
-}
-
-declare type TransformDataByObject = Map<Object3D, TransformData[]>;
-declare type AnimationClipFrameTimes = { pos: number[], rot: number[], scale: number[], timeOffset: number };
-
-class SerializeAnimation {
-
-    model: USDObject | undefined = undefined;
-    
-    private object: Object3D;
-    private animationData: Map<Object3D, Array<TransformData>>;
-    private ext: AnimationExtension;
-
-    private callback?: (writer: USDWriter, context: USDZExporterContext) => void;
-
-    constructor(object: Object3D, ext: AnimationExtension) {
-        this.object = object;
-        this.animationData = ext.animationData;
-        this.ext = ext;
-    }
-
-    registerCallback(model: USDObject) {
-        if (this.model && this.callback) {
-            this.model.removeEventListener("serialize", this.callback);
-        }
-        if (!this.callback)
-            this.callback = this.onSerialize.bind(this);
-        if (debugSerialization) console.log("REPARENT", model);
-        this.model = model;
-        
-        if (this.callback)
-            this.model.addEventListener("serialize", this.callback);
-    }
-
-    skinnedMeshExport(writer: USDWriter, _context: USDZExporterContext, ext: AnimationExtension) {
-        const model = this.model;
-        const dict = this.animationData;
-        if (!model) return;
-
-        if ( model.skinnedMesh ) {
-
-            const skeleton = model.skinnedMesh.skeleton;
-
-            const boneAndInverse = new Array<{bone: Object3D, inverse: Matrix4}>();
-
-            const sortedBones:Bone[] = [];
-            const uuidsFound:string[] = [];
-            for(const bone of skeleton.bones ) {
-                // if (bone.parent!.type !== 'Bone')
-                {
-                    sortedBones.push(bone);
-                    uuidsFound.push(bone.uuid);
-                    const inverse = skeleton.boneInverses[skeleton.bones.indexOf(bone)];
-                    boneAndInverse.push({bone, inverse});
-                }
-            }
-
-            let maxSteps = 10_000;
-            while (uuidsFound.length < skeleton.bones.length && maxSteps-- > 0) {
-                for (const sortedBone of sortedBones){
-                    const children = sortedBone.children as Bone[];
-                    for (const childBone of children){
-                        if (uuidsFound.indexOf(childBone.uuid) === -1 && skeleton.bones.indexOf(childBone) !== -1){
-                            sortedBones.push(childBone);
-                            uuidsFound.push(childBone.uuid);
-                            const childInverse = skeleton.boneInverses[skeleton.bones.indexOf(childBone)];
-                            boneAndInverse.push({bone: childBone, inverse: childInverse});
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (maxSteps <= 0) console.error("Failed to sort bones in skinned mesh", model.skinnedMesh, skeleton.bones, uuidsFound);
-
-            for (const structuralNode of findStructuralNodesInBoneHierarchy(skeleton.bones)) {
-                boneAndInverse.push({bone: structuralNode, inverse: structuralNode.matrixWorld.clone().invert()});
-            }
-            
-            // sort bones by path – need to be sorted in the same order as during mesh export
-            const assumedRoot = boneAndInverse[0].bone.parent!;
-            if (!assumedRoot) console.error("No bone parent found for skinned mesh during USDZ export", model.skinnedMesh);
-            boneAndInverse.sort((a, b) => getPathToSkeleton(a.bone, assumedRoot) > getPathToSkeleton(b.bone, assumedRoot) ? 1 : -1);
-
-            function createVector3TimeSampleLines_( values: Map<number, Vector3[]> ) {
-
-                const lines:string[] = []
-                for (const [frame, frameValues] of values) {
-                    let line = `${frame} : [`;
-                    const boneRotations: Array<string> = [];
-                    for ( const v of frameValues ) {
-                        boneRotations.push( `(${fn( v.x )}, ${fn( v.y )}, ${fn( v.z )})` );
-                    }
-                    line = line.concat( boneRotations.join( ', ' ) );
-                    line = line.concat( '],' );
-                    lines.push( line );
-                }
-
-                return lines;
-                
-            }
-
-            function createVector4TimeSampleLines_( rotations: Map<number, Quaternion[]> ) {
-
-                const lines:string[] = []
-
-                for (const [frame, frameRotations] of rotations) {
-                    let line = `${frame} : [`;
-                    const boneRotations: Array<string> = [];
-                    for ( const v of frameRotations ) {
-                        boneRotations.push( `(${fn( v.w )}, ${fn( v.x )}, ${fn( v.y )}, ${fn( v.z )})` );
-                    }
-                    line = line.concat( boneRotations.join( ', ' ) );
-                    line = line.concat( '],' );
-                    lines.push( line );
-                }
-
-                return lines;
-
-            }
-
-            function getSortedFrameTimes( boneToTransformData: TransformDataByObject ): AnimationClipFrameTimes[] {
-        
-                // We should have a proper rectangular array,
-                // Where for each bone we have the same number of TransformData entries.
-                let numberOfEntries: number | undefined = undefined;
-                let allBonesHaveSameNumberOfTransformDataEntries = true;
-                const undefinedBoneEntries = new Map<Object3D, Array<number>>();
-                for (const [bone, transformDatas] of boneToTransformData) {
-                    if (numberOfEntries === undefined) numberOfEntries = transformDatas.length;
-                    if (numberOfEntries !== transformDatas.length) {
-                        allBonesHaveSameNumberOfTransformDataEntries = false;
-                    }
-                    let index = 0;
-                    for (const transformData of transformDatas) {
-                        index++;
-                        if (!transformData) {
-                            if (!undefinedBoneEntries.has(bone)) undefinedBoneEntries.set(bone, []);
-                            undefinedBoneEntries.get(bone)!.push(index);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-
-                // TODO not working yet for multiple skinned characters at the same time
-                if (debug) {
-                    console.log("Bone count: ", boneToTransformData.size, "TransformData entries per bone: ", numberOfEntries, "Undefined bone entries: ", undefinedBoneEntries);
-                }
-                console.assert(allBonesHaveSameNumberOfTransformDataEntries, "All bones should have the same number of TransformData entries", boneToTransformData);
-                console.assert(undefinedBoneEntries.size === 0, "All TransformData entries should be set", undefinedBoneEntries);
-                const times: AnimationClipFrameTimes[] = [];
-
-                for (const [bone, transformDatas] of boneToTransformData) {
-                    
-                    /*
-                    // calculate start times from the transformDatas
-                    const startTimes = new Array<number>();
-                    let currentStartTime = 0;
-                    for (let i = 0; i < transformDatas.length; i++) {
-                        startTimes.push(currentStartTime);
-                        currentStartTime += transformDatas[i].getDuration() + TransformData.animationDurationPadding;
-                    }
-                    */
-
-                    for (let i = 0; i < transformDatas.length; i++) {
-                        const transformData = transformDatas[i];
-                        // const timeOffset = transformData.getStartTime(dict);
-                        const timeOffset = ext.getStartTimeByClip(transformData.clip);
-                        if (times.length <= i) {
-                            times.push({pos: [], rot: [], scale: [], timeOffset});
-                        }
-
-                        const perTransfromDataTimes = times[i];
-
-                        perTransfromDataTimes.pos.push( ...transformData.getSortedTimesArray(true, false, false));
-                        perTransfromDataTimes.rot.push( ...transformData.getSortedTimesArray(false, true, false));
-                        perTransfromDataTimes.scale.push( ...transformData.getSortedTimesArray(false, false, true));
-                    }
-                }
-
-                for (const perTransfromDataTimes of times) {
-
-                    /*
-                    // TODO we're doing that in animation export as well
-                    if (!times.pos.includes(0)) times.pos.push(0);
-                    if (!times.rot.includes(0)) times.rot.push(0);
-                    if (!times.scale.includes(0)) times.scale.push(0);
-                    */
-
-                    // sort times so it's increasing
-                    perTransfromDataTimes.pos.sort((a, b) => a - b);
-                    perTransfromDataTimes.rot.sort((a, b) => a - b);
-                    perTransfromDataTimes.scale.sort((a, b) => a - b);
-
-                    // make sure time values are unique
-                    perTransfromDataTimes.pos = [...new Set(perTransfromDataTimes.pos)];
-                    perTransfromDataTimes.rot = [...new Set(perTransfromDataTimes.rot)];
-                    perTransfromDataTimes.scale = [...new Set(perTransfromDataTimes.scale)];
-                }
-
-                return times;
-            }
-
-            function createTimeSamplesObject_( data: TransformDataByObject, sortedComponentFrameNumbers: AnimationClipFrameTimes[], bones: Array<Object3D> ) {
-                const positionTimeSamples = new Map<number, Array<Vector3>>();
-                const quaternionTimeSamples = new Map<number, Array<Quaternion>>();
-                const scaleTimeSamples = new Map<number, Array<Vector3>>();
-
-                const count = sortedComponentFrameNumbers.length;
-
-                // return sampled data for each bone
-                for ( const bone of bones ) {
-                    const boneEntryInData = data.get( bone );
-
-                    let emptyTransformData: TransformData | undefined = undefined;
-                    // if we have animation data for this bone, check that it's the right amount.
-                    if (boneEntryInData)
-                        console.assert(boneEntryInData.length === count, "We should have the same number of TransformData entries for each bone", boneEntryInData, sortedComponentFrameNumbers);
-                    // if we don't have animation data, create an empty one – 
-                    // it will automatically map to the rest pose, albeit inefficiently
-                    else
-                        emptyTransformData = new TransformData(null, bone, null);
-
-                    for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-                        const transformData = boneEntryInData ? boneEntryInData[i] : emptyTransformData!;
-                        const timeData = sortedComponentFrameNumbers[i];
-
-                        for (const { time, translation } of transformData.getValues(timeData.pos, true, false, false)) {
-                            const shiftedTime = time + timeData.timeOffset;
-                            const t = shiftedTime * 60;
-
-                            if (!positionTimeSamples.has(t)) positionTimeSamples.set(t, new Array<Vector3>());
-                            positionTimeSamples.get(t)!.push( translation.clone() );
-                        }
-                        for (const { time, rotation } of transformData.getValues(timeData.rot, false, true, false)) {
-                            const shiftedTime = time + timeData.timeOffset;
-                            const t = shiftedTime * 60;
-
-                            if (!quaternionTimeSamples.has(t)) quaternionTimeSamples.set(t, new Array<Quaternion>());
-                            quaternionTimeSamples.get(t)!.push( rotation.clone() );
-                        }
-                        for (const { time, scale } of transformData.getValues(timeData.scale, false, false, true)) {
-                            const shiftedTime = time + timeData.timeOffset;
-                            const t = shiftedTime * 60;
-
-                            if (!scaleTimeSamples.has(t)) scaleTimeSamples.set(t, new Array<Vector3>());
-                            scaleTimeSamples.get(t)!.push( scale.clone() );
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-
-                return {
-                    position: positionTimeSamples.size == 0 ? undefined : positionTimeSamples,
-                    quaternion: quaternionTimeSamples.size == 0 ? undefined: quaternionTimeSamples,
-                    scale: scaleTimeSamples.size == 0 ? undefined : scaleTimeSamples,
-                };
-            }
-
-            function buildVector3Array_( array: Array<Vector3> ) {
-                const lines: Array<string> = [];
-                for ( const v of array ) {
-                    lines.push( `(${fn( v.x )}, ${fn( v.y )}, ${fn( v.z )})` );
-                }
-                return lines.join( ', ' );
-            }
-
-            function buildVector4Array_( array: Array<Quaternion> ) {
-                const lines: Array<string> = [];
-                for ( const v of array ) {
-                    lines.push( `(${fn( v.w )}, ${fn( v.x )}, ${fn( v.y )}, ${fn( v.z )})` );
-                }
-                return lines.join( ', ' );
-            }
-
-            function getPerBoneTransformData( bones: Array<Object3D> ): TransformDataByObject {
-
-                const boneToTransformData = new Map<Object3D, TransformData[]>();                
-                if (debug) {
-                    const logData = new Array<string>();
-                    for (const [key, val] of dict) {
-                        logData.push(key.uuid + ": " + val.length + " " + val.map(x => x.clip?.uuid.substring(0, 6)).join(" "));
-                    }
-                    console.log("getPerBoneTransformData\n" + logData.join("\n"));
-                }
-
-                for (const bone of bones) {
-                    const data = dict.get(bone);
-                    if (!data) continue;
-                    boneToTransformData.set(bone, data);
-                }
-
-                return boneToTransformData;
-            }
-
-            function createAllTimeSampleObjects( bones: Array<Object3D> ) {
-                const perBoneTransformData = getPerBoneTransformData( bones );
-                const sortedFrameNumbers = getSortedFrameTimes( perBoneTransformData );
-                return createTimeSamplesObject_( perBoneTransformData, sortedFrameNumbers, bones );
-            }
-
-            const sanitizeRestPose = _context.quickLookCompatible;
-
-            const rest: Array<Matrix4> = [];
-            const translations: Array<Vector3> = [];
-            const rotations: Array<Quaternion> = [];
-            const scales: Array<Vector3> = [];
-            for ( const { bone } of boneAndInverse ){
-
-                // Workaround for FB13808839: Rest poses must be decomposable in QuickLook
-                if (sanitizeRestPose) {
-                    const scale = bone.scale;
-                    if (scale.x == 0) scale.x = 0.00001;
-                    if (scale.y == 0) scale.y = 0.00001;
-                    if (scale.z == 0) scale.z = 0.00001;
-                    rest.push( new Matrix4().compose( bone.position, bone.quaternion, bone.scale )) ;
-                } else {
-                    rest.push( bone.matrix.clone() );
-                }
-                translations.push( bone.position ) ;
-                rotations.push( bone.quaternion );
-                scales.push( bone.scale );
-            }
-
-            const bonesArray = boneAndInverse.map( x => "\"" + getPathToSkeleton(x.bone, assumedRoot) + "\"" ).join( ', ' );
-            const bindTransforms = boneAndInverse.map( x => buildMatrix( x.inverse.clone().invert() ) ).join( ', ' );
-            
-            writer.beginBlock( `def Skeleton "Rig"`);
-
-            writer.appendLine( `uniform matrix4d[] bindTransforms = [${bindTransforms}]` );
-            writer.appendLine( `uniform token[] joints = [${bonesArray}]` );
-            writer.appendLine( `uniform token purpose = "guide"` );
-            writer.appendLine( `uniform matrix4d[] restTransforms = [${rest.map( m => buildMatrix( m ) ).join( ', ' )}]` );
-            
-            // In glTF, transformations on the Skeleton are ignored (NODE_SKINNED_MESH_LOCAL_TRANSFORMS validator warning)
-            // So here we don't write anything to get an identity transform.
-            // writer.appendLine( `matrix4d xformOp:transform = ${buildMatrix( new Matrix4() )}` );
-            // writer.appendLine( `uniform token[] xformOpOrder = ["xformOp:transform"]` );
-
-            const timeSampleObjects = createAllTimeSampleObjects ( boneAndInverse.map( x => x.bone ) );
-
-            if (debug) {
-                // find the first..last value in the time samples
-                let min = 10000000;
-                let max = 0;
-                for (const key of timeSampleObjects.position?.keys() ?? []) {
-                    min = Math.min(min, key);
-                    max = Math.max(max, key);
-                }
-                console.log("Time samples", min, max, timeSampleObjects);
-            }
-
-            writer.beginBlock( `def SkelAnimation "_anim"` );
-
-            // TODO if we include blendshapes we likely need subdivision?
-            // writer.appendLine( `uniform token[] blendShapes` )
-            // writer.appendLine( `float[] blendShapeWeights` )
-
-            writer.appendLine( `uniform token[] joints = [${bonesArray}]` );
-
-            writer.appendLine( `quatf[] rotations = [${buildVector4Array_( rotations )}]` );
-            
-            if ( timeSampleObjects && timeSampleObjects.quaternion ) {
-                writer.beginBlock( `quatf[] rotations.timeSamples = {`, '');
-                const rotationTimeSampleLines = createVector4TimeSampleLines_( timeSampleObjects['quaternion'] );
-                for ( const line of rotationTimeSampleLines ) {
-                    writer.appendLine( line );
-                }
-                writer.closeBlock();
-
-            }
-
-            writer.appendLine( `half3[] scales = [${buildVector3Array_( scales )}]` );
-
-            if ( timeSampleObjects && timeSampleObjects.scale ) {
-                writer.beginBlock( `half3[] scales.timeSamples = {`, '' );
-                const scaleTimeSampleLines = createVector3TimeSampleLines_( timeSampleObjects['scale'] );
-
-                for ( const line of scaleTimeSampleLines ) {
-                    writer.appendLine( line );
-                }
-                writer.closeBlock();
-
-            }
-
-            writer.appendLine( `float3[] translations = [${buildVector3Array_( translations )}]` );
-
-            if ( timeSampleObjects && timeSampleObjects.position) {
-                writer.beginBlock( `float3[] translations.timeSamples = {`, '' );
-                const positionTimeSampleLines = createVector3TimeSampleLines_( timeSampleObjects['position'] );
-
-                for ( const line of positionTimeSampleLines ) {
-                    writer.appendLine( line );
-                }
-                writer.closeBlock();
-
-            }
-
-            writer.closeBlock();
-            writer.closeBlock();
-
-        }
-    }
-
-    onSerialize(writer: USDWriter, _context: USDZExporterContext) {
-        if (!this.model) return;
-
-        // Workaround: Sanitize TransformData for this object.
-        // This works around an issue with wrongly detected animation roots, where some of the indices
-        // in the TransformData array are not property set. Reproduces with golem_yokai.glb
-        const arr0 = this.animationData.get(this.object);
-        if (arr0) {
-            for (let i = 0; i < arr0.length; i++) {
-                if (arr0[i] !== undefined) continue;
-                arr0[i] = new TransformData(null, this.object, null);
-            }
-        }
-
-        const ext = this.ext;
-
-        this.skinnedMeshExport(writer, _context, ext);
-
-        const object = this.object;
-        const model = this.model;
-
-        // do we have animation data for this node? if not, return
-        const animationData = this.animationData.get(object);
-        if (!animationData) return;
-
-        // Skinned meshes are handled separately by the method above. 
-        // They need to be handled first (before checking for animation data) because animation needs to be exported
-        // as part of the skinned mesh and that may not be animated at all – if any bone is animated we need to export.
-        //@ts-ignore
-        if (object.isSkinnedMesh) return;
-
-        // Excluding the concrete bone xform hierarchy animation his is mostly useful for debugging, 
-        // as otherwise we're getting a ton of extra animation data per-bone xform
-        // TODO if this turns out to be slow/large (lots of duplicated animation data)
-        // we can look into optimizing it, and only including both the xform hierarchy and the animation
-        // only when we need it – when anywhere below it in the hierarchy are animated visible meshes.
-        //@ts-ignore
-        // if (object.isBone) return;
-
-        if (debugSerialization) console.log("SERIALIZE", this.model.name, this.object.type, animationData);
-
-        // const composedTransform = new Matrix4();
-        // writer.appendLine("matrix4d xformOp:transform.timeSamples = {");
-        // writer.indent++;
-
-        // TransformData is a collection of clips (position, rotation and scale) for a particular node
-        // We need to make sure that the same underlying animation clip ends up
-        // at the same start time in the USD file, and that we're not getting overlaps to other clips.
-        // That means that the same clip (transformData.clip) should end up at the same start time for all nodes.
-
-        // calculate start times
-        // calculate start times from the transformDatas
-        /*
-        const startTimes = new Array<number>();
-        let currentStartTime = 0;
-        for (let i = 0; i < animationData.length; i++) {
-            startTimes.push(currentStartTime);
-            if (animationData[i] === undefined) {
-                console.error("Got an undefined transform data, this is likely a bug.", object, animationData);
-                continue;
-            }
-            currentStartTime += animationData[i].getDuration() + TransformData.animationDurationPadding;
-        }
-        */
-
-        const formatter = Intl.NumberFormat("en-US", {
-            maximumFractionDigits: 3,
-            minimumFractionDigits: 0,
-            useGrouping: false,
-        });
-
-        function writeAnimationTimesamples(arr: TransformData[], type: "position" | "rotation" | "scale") {
-
-            const hasAnimationData = arr.some(x => x && {
-                position: x.pos,
-                rotation: x.rot,
-                scale: x.scale
-            }[type]);
-            if (!hasAnimationData) {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            switch (type) {
-                case "position":
-                    model.needsTranslate = true;
-                    writer.beginBlock(`double3 xformOp:translate.timeSamples = {`, '');
-                    break;
-                case "rotation":
-                    model.needsOrient = true;
-                    writer.beginBlock(`quatf xformOp:orient.timeSamples = {`, '');
-                    break;
-                case "scale":
-                    model.needsScale = true;
-                    writer.beginBlock(`double3 xformOp:scale.timeSamples = {`, '');
-                    break;
-            }
-
-            for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
-                const transformData = arr[i];
-                if (!transformData) continue;
-                const startTime = ext.getStartTimeByClip(transformData.clip);
-                const timesArray = transformData.getSortedTimesArray(type === "position", type === "rotation", type === "scale");
-
-                if (!timesArray || timesArray.length === 0) {
-                    console.error("got an animated object but no time values?", object, transformData);
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                const isRestPose = !transformData.clip;
-                const hasPos = type === "position" && (transformData.pos || isRestPose);
-                const hasRot = type === "rotation" && (transformData.rot || isRestPose);
-                const hasScale = type === "scale" && (transformData.scale || isRestPose);
-
-                // Writing out the clip name and duration.
-                // If this is a rest pose clip, we still want to write it out, as it's a valid clip.
-                if (hasPos || hasRot || hasScale)
-                {
-                    const clipName = transformData.clip?.name ?? "rest";
-                    const duration = transformData.getDuration();
-                    if (debug) console.log("Write .timeSamples:", clipName, startTime, duration, arr);
-                    writer.appendLine("# " + clipName + ": start=" + formatter.format(startTime * TransformData.frameRate) + ", length=" + formatter.format(duration * TransformData.frameRate) + ", frames=" + transformData.getFrames());
-                }
-
-                if (hasPos) {
-                    for (const { time, translation } of transformData.getValues(timesArray, true, false, false)) {
-                        const timeStr = formatter.format((startTime + time) * TransformData.frameRate);
-                        const line = `${timeStr}: (${fn(translation.x)}, ${fn(translation.y)}, ${fn(translation.z)}),`;
-                        writer.appendLine(line);
-                    }
-                }
-                if (hasRot) {
-                    for (const { time, rotation } of transformData.getValues(timesArray, false, true, false)) {
-                        const timeStr = formatter.format((startTime + time) * TransformData.frameRate);
-                        const line = `${timeStr}: (${fn(rotation.w)}, ${fn(rotation.x)}, ${fn(rotation.y)}, ${fn(rotation.z)}),`;
-                        writer.appendLine(line);
-                    }
-                }
-                if (hasScale) {
-                    for (const { time, scale } of transformData.getValues(timesArray, false, false, true)) {
-                        const timeStr = formatter.format((startTime + time) * TransformData.frameRate);
-                        const line = `${timeStr}: (${fn(scale.x)}, ${fn(scale.y)}, ${fn(scale.z)}),`;
-                        writer.appendLine(line);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            writer.closeBlock();
-        }
-        writeAnimationTimesamples(animationData, "position");
-        writeAnimationTimesamples(animationData, "rotation");
-        writeAnimationTimesamples(animationData, "scale");
-
-        // We must be careful here that we don't overwrite the xformOpOrder that the object already had.
-        // it _might_ not even have any (if the position/quaternion/scale are all indentity values)
-        // so in some cases we end up writing the same xformOpOrder multiple times here...
-        // So right now, we just always write the xformOpOrder when traversing the hierarchy, in case something is animated.
-        
-        // if (xFormOrder.length > 0) {
-            // const xformUnique = [...new Set(xFormOrder)];
-            // writer.appendLine(`uniform token[] xformOpOrder = [${xformUnique.map(x => `"${x}"`).join(', ')}]`);
-            // writer.appendLine('uniform token[] xformOpOrder = ["xformOp:translate", "xformOp:orient", "xformOp:scale"]');
-        // }
-
-        // for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
-        //     const transformData = arr[i];
-        //     if (!transformData) continue;
-        //     const startTime = startTimes[i];
-        //     const timesArray = transformData.getSortedTimesArray();
-
-        //     if (!timesArray || timesArray.length === 0) {
-        //         console.error("got an animated object but no time values?", object, transformData);
-        //         continue;
-        //     }
-        //     for (const { time, translation, rotation, scale } of transformData.getValues(timesArray)) {
-        //         composedTransform.compose(translation, rotation, scale);
-
-
-        //         const timeStr = formatter.format((startTime + time) * transformData.frameRate);
-        //         const line = `${timeStr}: ${buildMatrix(composedTransform)},`;
-        //         writer.appendLine(line);
-        //     }
-        // }
-
-        // writer.indent--;
-        // writer.appendLine("}");
-    }
-}
+import { AnimationClip, Bone,Interpolant, KeyframeTrack, Matrix4, Object3D, PropertyBinding, Quaternion, Vector3 } from "three";
+
+import { isDevEnvironment, showBalloonWarning } from "../../../../engine/debug/debug.js";
+import { getParam } from "../../../../engine/engine_utils.js";
+import { Animator } from "../../../Animator.js";
+import { GameObject } from "../../../Component.js";
+import type { IUSDExporterExtension } from "../Extension.js";
+import { buildMatrix, findStructuralNodesInBoneHierarchy, getPathToSkeleton,usdNumberFormatting as fn, USDObject, USDWriter, USDZExporterContext } from "../ThreeUSDZExporter.js";
+
+const debug = getParam("debugusdzanimation");
+const debugSerialization = getParam("debugusdzanimationserialization");
+
+export interface UsdzAnimation {
+    createAnimation(ext: AnimationExtension, model: USDObject, context);
+}
+
+export type AnimationClipCollection = Array<{ root: Object3D, clips: Array<AnimationClip> }>;
+
+export class RegisteredAnimationInfo {
+
+    private _start?: number;
+    get start(): number { 
+        if (this._start === undefined) {
+            this._start = this.ext.getStartTimeByClip(this.clip);
+        }
+        return this._start;
+    }
+    get duration(): number { return this.clip?.duration ?? TransformData.restPoseClipDuration; }
+    get nearestAnimatedRoot(): Object3D | undefined { return this._nearestAnimatedRoot; }
+    get clipName(): string { return this.clip?.name ?? "rest"; }
+
+    private ext: AnimationExtension;
+    private root: Object3D;
+    private _nearestAnimatedRoot?: Object3D = undefined;
+    private clip: AnimationClip | null;
+
+    // Playback speed. Does not affect how the animation is written, just how fast actions play it back.
+    speed?: number;
+
+    constructor(ext: AnimationExtension, root: Object3D, clip: AnimationClip | null) {
+        this.ext = ext;
+        this.root = root;
+        this.clip = clip;
+
+        this._nearestAnimatedRoot = this.getNearestAnimatedRoot();
+    }
+
+    private static isDescendantOf(parent: Object3D, child: Object3D) {
+        let current: Object3D | null = child;
+        if (!current || !parent) return false;
+        while (current) {
+            if (!current) return false;
+            if (current === parent) return true;
+            current = current.parent;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /** Finds the nearest actually animated object under root based on the tracks in the AnimationClip. */
+    getNearestAnimatedRoot() {
+        let highestRoot: Object3D | undefined = undefined;
+        try {
+            for (const track of this.clip?.tracks ?? []) {
+                const parsedPath = PropertyBinding.parseTrackName(track.name);
+                let animationTarget = PropertyBinding.findNode(this.root, parsedPath.nodeName);
+                if (animationTarget) {
+                    if (!highestRoot) highestRoot = animationTarget;
+                    else {
+                        if (animationTarget === highestRoot) continue;
+                        if (RegisteredAnimationInfo.isDescendantOf(highestRoot, animationTarget)) continue;
+                        if (!RegisteredAnimationInfo.isDescendantOf(animationTarget, highestRoot)) {
+                            // TODO test this, should find the nearest common ancestor
+                            while (!RegisteredAnimationInfo.isDescendantOf(animationTarget, highestRoot) && animationTarget.parent) {
+                                animationTarget = animationTarget.parent;
+                            }
+                            if (!RegisteredAnimationInfo.isDescendantOf(animationTarget, highestRoot)) {
+                                console.error("USDZExporter: Animation clip targets multiple roots that are not parent/child. Please report a bug", this.root, this.clip, highestRoot, animationTarget);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        highestRoot = animationTarget;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (e) {
+            console.error("USDZExporter: Exception when trying to find nearest animated root. Please report a bug", e);
+            highestRoot = undefined;
+        }
+        return highestRoot;
+    }
+}
+
+export class TransformData {
+    clip: AnimationClip | null;
+    pos?: KeyframeTrack;
+    rot?: KeyframeTrack;
+    scale?: KeyframeTrack;
+
+    private root: Object3D | null;
+    private target: Object3D;
+    private duration = 0;
+    private useRootMotion = false;
+
+    /** This value can theoretically be anything – a value of 1 is good to clearly see animation gaps.
+     * For production, a value of 1/60 is enough, since the files can then still properly play back at 60fps.
+     */
+    static frameRate = 60;
+    static animationDurationPadding = 6 / 60;
+    static restPoseClipDuration = 6 / 60;
+
+    constructor(root: Object3D | null, target: Object3D, clip: AnimationClip | null) {
+        this.root = root;
+        this.target = target;
+        this.clip = clip;
+
+        // this is a rest pose clip.
+        // we assume duration 1/60 and no tracks, and when queried for times we just return [0, duration]
+        if (!clip) {
+            this.duration = TransformData.restPoseClipDuration;
+        }
+        else {
+            this.duration = clip.duration;
+        }
+
+        // warn if the duration does not equal the maximum time value in the tracks
+        if (clip && clip.tracks) {
+            const maxTime = Math.max(...clip.tracks.map((t) => t.times[t.times.length - 1]));
+            if (maxTime !== this.duration) {
+                console.warn("USDZExporter: Animation clip duration does not match the maximum time value in the tracks.", clip, maxTime, this.duration);
+                // We need to override the duration, otherwise we end up with gaps in the exported animation
+                // where there are actually no written animation values
+                this.duration = maxTime;
+            }
+        }
+
+        const animator = GameObject.getComponent(root, Animator);
+        if (animator) this.useRootMotion = animator.applyRootMotion;
+    }
+
+    addTrack(track: KeyframeTrack) {
+        if (!this.clip) {
+            console.error("This is a rest clip but you're trying to add tracks to it – this is likely a bug");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (track.name.endsWith("position")) this.pos = track;
+        else if (track.name.endsWith("quaternion")) this.rot = track;
+        else if (track.name.endsWith("scale")) this.scale = track;
+        else {
+            if (track.name.endsWith("activeSelf")) {
+                /*
+                // Construct a scale track, then apply to the existing scale track.
+                // Not supported right now, because it would also require properly tracking that these objects need to be enabled
+                // at animation start because they're animating the enabled state... otherwise they just stay disabled from scene start
+                const newValues = [...track.values].map((v) => v ? [1,1,1] : [0,0,0]).flat();
+                const scaleTrack = new KeyframeTrack(track.name.replace(".activeSelf", ".scale"), track.times, newValues, InterpolateDiscrete); 
+                if (!this.scale) 
+                {
+                    this.scale = scaleTrack;
+                    console.log("Mock scale track", this.scale);
+                }
+                */
+                console.warn("[USDZ] Animation of enabled/disabled state is not supported for USDZ export and will NOT be exported: " + track.name + " on " + (this.root?.name ?? this.target.name) + ". Animate scale 0/1 instead.");
+            }
+            else {
+                console.warn("[USDZ] Animation track type not supported for USDZ export and will NOT be exported: " + track.name + " on " + (this.root?.name ?? this.target.name) + ". Only .position, .rotation, .scale are supported.");
+            }
+
+            if (isDevEnvironment()) showBalloonWarning("[USDZ] Some animations can't be exported. See console for details.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    getFrames(): number {
+        if (!this.clip) return 2;
+        return Math.max(this.pos?.times?.length ?? 0, this.rot?.times?.length ?? 0, this.scale?.times?.length ?? 0);
+    }
+
+    getDuration(): number {
+        return this.duration;
+    }
+
+    getSortedTimesArray(generatePos: boolean = true, generateRot: boolean = true, generateScale: boolean = true) {
+        if (!this.clip) return [0, this.duration];
+
+        const posTimesArray = this.pos?.times;
+        const rotTimesArray = this.rot?.times;
+        const scaleTimesArray = this.scale?.times;
+        
+        // timesArray is the sorted union of all time values
+        const timesArray: number[] = [];
+        if (generatePos && posTimesArray) for (const t of posTimesArray) timesArray.push(t);
+        if (generateRot && rotTimesArray) for (const t of rotTimesArray) timesArray.push(t);
+        if (generateScale && scaleTimesArray) for (const t of scaleTimesArray) timesArray.push(t);
+
+        // We also need to make sure we have start and end times for these tracks
+        // We already ensure this is the case for duration – it's always the maximum time value in the tracks
+        // (see constructor)
+        if (!timesArray.includes(0)) timesArray.push(0);
+
+        // sort times so it's increasing
+        timesArray.sort((a, b) => a - b);
+        // make sure time values are unique
+        return [...new Set(timesArray)];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an iterator that yields the values for each time sample. 
+     * Values are reused objects - if you want to append them to some array 
+     * instead of processing them right away, clone() them.
+     * @param timesArray 
+     * @param generatePos 
+     * @param generateRot 
+     * @param generateScale 
+     */
+    *getValues(timesArray: number[], generatePos: boolean = true, generateRot: boolean = true, generateScale: boolean = true) {
+
+        const translation = new Vector3();
+        const rotation = new Quaternion();
+        const scale = new Vector3(1, 1, 1);
+        const object = this.target;
+
+        const positionInterpolant: Interpolant | undefined = generatePos ? this.pos?.createInterpolant() : undefined;
+        const rotationInterpolant: Interpolant | undefined = generateRot ? this.rot?.createInterpolant() : undefined;
+        const scaleInterpolant: Interpolant | undefined = generateScale ? this.scale?.createInterpolant() : undefined;
+
+        if (!positionInterpolant) translation.set(object.position.x, object.position.y, object.position.z);
+        if (!rotationInterpolant) rotation.set(object.quaternion.x, object.quaternion.y, object.quaternion.z, object.quaternion.w);
+        if (!scaleInterpolant) scale.set(object.scale.x, object.scale.y, object.scale.z);
+
+        // WORKAROUND because it seems that sometimes we get a quaternion interpolant with a valueSize
+        // of its own length... which then goes into an endless loop
+        if (positionInterpolant && positionInterpolant.valueSize !== 3)
+            positionInterpolant.valueSize = 3;
+        if (rotationInterpolant && rotationInterpolant.valueSize !== 4)
+            rotationInterpolant.valueSize = 4;
+        if (scaleInterpolant && scaleInterpolant.valueSize !== 3)
+            scaleInterpolant.valueSize = 3;
+
+        // We're optionally padding with one extra time step at the beginning and the end
+        // So that we don't get unwanted interpolations between clips (during the padding time)
+        const extraFrame = 0; // TransformData.animationDurationPadding > 1 / 60 ? 1 : 0;
+        for (let index = 0 - extraFrame; index < timesArray.length + extraFrame; index++) {
+            let time = 0;
+            let returnTime = 0;
+            if (index < 0) {
+                time = timesArray[0];
+                returnTime = time - (TransformData.animationDurationPadding / 2) + 1 / 60;
+            }
+            else if (index >= timesArray.length) {
+                time = timesArray[timesArray.length - 1];
+                returnTime = time + (TransformData.animationDurationPadding / 2) - 1 / 60;
+            }
+            else {
+                time = timesArray[index];
+                returnTime = time;
+            }
+
+            if (positionInterpolant) {
+                const pos = positionInterpolant.evaluate(time);
+                translation.set(pos[0], pos[1], pos[2]);
+            }
+            if (rotationInterpolant) {
+                const quat = rotationInterpolant.evaluate(time);
+                rotation.set(quat[0], quat[1], quat[2], quat[3]);
+            }
+            if (scaleInterpolant) {
+                const scaleVal = scaleInterpolant.evaluate(time);
+                scale.set(scaleVal[0], scaleVal[1], scaleVal[2]);
+            }
+
+            // Apply basic root motion offset – non-animated transformation data is applied to the node again.
+            // We're doing this because clips that animate their own root are (typically) not in world space,
+            // but in local space and moved to a specific spot in the world.
+            if (this.useRootMotion && object === this.root) {
+                const rootMatrix = new Matrix4();
+                rootMatrix.compose(translation, rotation, scale);
+                rootMatrix.multiply(object.matrix);
+                rootMatrix.decompose(translation, rotation, scale);
+            }
+
+            yield { time: returnTime, translation, rotation, scale, index };
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+export class AnimationExtension implements IUSDExporterExtension {
+
+    get extensionName(): string { return "animation" }
+    get animationData() { return this.dict; }
+    get registeredClips() { return this.clipToStartTime.keys(); }
+    get animatedRoots() { return this.rootTargetMap.keys(); }
+    get holdClipMap() { return this.clipToHoldClip; }
+
+    /** For each animated object, contains time/pos/rot/scale samples in the format that USD needs,
+     *  ready to be written to the .usda file.
+     */
+    private dict: Map<Object3D, Array<TransformData>> = new Map();
+    /** Map of all roots (Animation/Animator or scene) and all targets that they animate.
+     *  We need that info so that we can ensure that each target has the same number of TransformData entries
+     *  so that switching between animations doesn't result in data "leaking" to another clip.
+     */
+    private rootTargetMap = new Map<Object3D, Array<Object3D>>();
+    private rootAndClipToRegisteredAnimationMap = new Map<string, RegisteredAnimationInfo>();
+    /** Clips registered for each root */
+    private rootToRegisteredClip = new Map<Object3D, Array<AnimationClip>>();
+    private lastClipEndTime = 0;
+    private clipToStartTime: Map<AnimationClip, number> = new Map();
+    private clipToHoldClip: Map<AnimationClip, AnimationClip> = new Map();
+
+    private serializers: SerializeAnimation[] = [];
+    
+    /** Determines if we inject a rest pose clip for each root - only makes sense for QuickLook */
+    injectRestPoses = false;
+    /** Determines if we inject a PlayAnimationOnClick component with "scenestart" trigger - only makes sense for QuickLook */
+    injectImplicitBehaviours = false;
+
+    constructor(quickLookCompatible: boolean) {
+        this.injectRestPoses = quickLookCompatible;
+        this.injectImplicitBehaviours = quickLookCompatible;
+    }
+
+    getStartTimeCode() {
+        // return the end time + padding of the rest clip, if any exists
+        if (!this.injectRestPoses) return 0;
+        if (this.rootAndClipToRegisteredAnimationMap.size === 0) return 0;
+        // return 0;
+        return (TransformData.restPoseClipDuration + TransformData.animationDurationPadding) * 60;
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the end time code, based on 60 frames per second, for all registered animations.
+     * This matches the highest time value in the USDZ file. */
+    getEndTimeCode() {
+        let max = 0;
+        for (const [_, info] of this.rootAndClipToRegisteredAnimationMap) {
+            const end = info.start + info.duration;
+            if (end > max) max = end;
+        }
+        return max * 60;
+    }
+
+    getClipCount(root: Object3D): number {
+        const currentCount = this.rootToRegisteredClip.get(root)?.length ?? 0;
+        // The rest pose is not part of rootToRegisteredClip
+        // if (this.injectRestPoses) currentCount = currentCount ? currentCount - 1 : 0;
+        return currentCount ?? 0;
+    }
+
+    /*
+    // TODO why do we have this here and on TransformData? Can RegisteredAnimationInfo not cache this value?
+    // TODO we probably want to assert here that this is the same value on all nodes
+    getStartTime01(root: Object3D, clip: AnimationClip | null) {
+        // This is a rest pose clip, it always starts at 0
+        if (!clip) return 0;
+
+        const targets = this.rootTargetMap.get(root);
+        if (!targets) return 0;
+        const transformDatas = this.dict.get(targets[0]);
+        if (!transformDatas) {
+            console.error("Trying to get start time for root that has no animation data", root, clip, ...this.dict);
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        let currentStartTime = 0;
+        for (let i = 0; i < transformDatas.length; i++) {
+            if (transformDatas[i].clip === clip) break;
+            currentStartTime += transformDatas[i].getDuration() + TransformData.animationDurationPadding;
+        }
+
+        return currentStartTime;
+    }
+    */
+
+    getStartTimeByClip(clip: AnimationClip | null) {
+        if (!clip) return 0;
+        if (!this.clipToStartTime.has(clip)) {
+            console.error("USDZExporter: Missing start time for clip – please report a bug.", clip);
+            return 0;
+        } 
+        const time = this.clipToStartTime.get(clip)!;
+        return time;
+    }
+
+    // The same clip could be registered for different roots. All of them need written animation data then.
+    // The same root could have multiple clips registered to it. If it does, the clips need to write
+    // independent time data, so that playing back an animation on that root doesn't result in data "leaking"/"overlapping".
+    // The structure we need is:
+    // - MyRoot
+    //   Animator
+    //     - Clip1: CubeScale (only animates MyCube), duration: 3s
+    //     - Clip2: SphereRotation (only animates MySphere), duration: 2s
+    //   - MyCube
+    //   - MySphere
+    // Results in:
+    // - MyRoot
+    //   - MyCube
+    //     - # rest clip (0..0.1)
+    //     - # CubeScale (0.2..3.2)
+    //     - # rest clip for SphereRotation (3.3..5.3)
+    //   - MySphere
+    //     - # rest clip (0..0.1)
+    //     - # rest clip for CubeScale (0.2..3.2)
+    //     - # SphereRotation (3.3..5.3)
+
+    /** Register an AnimationClip for a specific root object.
+     * @param root The root object that the animation clip is targeting.
+     * @param clip The animation clip to register. If null, a rest pose is registered.
+     * @returns The registered animation info, which contains the start time and duration of the clip.
+     */
+    registerAnimation(root: Object3D, clip: AnimationClip | null): RegisteredAnimationInfo | null {
+        if(!root) return null;
+        if (!this.rootTargetMap.has(root)) this.rootTargetMap.set(root, []);
+
+        // if we registered that exact pair already, just return the info
+        // no proper tuples in JavaScript, but we can use the uuids for a unique key here
+        const hash = root.uuid + (clip?.uuid ?? "-rest");
+        if (this.rootAndClipToRegisteredAnimationMap.has(hash)) {
+            return this.rootAndClipToRegisteredAnimationMap.get(hash)!;
+        }
+
+        if (debug) console.log("registerAnimation", root, clip);
+
+        // When injecting a rest clip, the rest clip has ALL animated nodes as targets.
+        // So all other nodes will already have at least one animated clip registered, and their own
+        // animations need to start at index 1. Otherwise we're getting overlap where everything is
+        // in animation 0 and some data overrides each other incorrectly.
+        // When we don't inject a rest clip, we start at 0.
+        const startIndex = this.injectRestPoses ? 1 : 0;
+        const currentCount = (this.rootToRegisteredClip.get(root)?.length ?? 0) + startIndex;
+
+        const targets = this.rootTargetMap.get(root);
+        const unregisteredNodesForThisClip = new Set(targets);
+        if (clip && clip.tracks) {
+        // We could sort so that supported tracks come first, this allows us to support some additional tracks by 
+        // modifying what has already been written for the supported ones (e.g. enabled -> modify scale).
+        // Only needed if we're actually emulating some unsupported track types in addTrack(...).
+        // const sortedTracks = clip.tracks.filter(x => !!x).sort((a, _b) => a.name.endsWith("position") || a.name.endsWith("quaternion") || a.name.endsWith("scale") ? -1 : 1);
+        for (const track of clip.tracks) {
+            const parsedPath = PropertyBinding.parseTrackName(track.name);
+            const animationTarget = PropertyBinding.findNode(root, parsedPath.nodeName);
+            
+            if (!animationTarget) {
+                console.warn("no object found for track", track.name, "using " + root.name + " instead");
+                continue;
+                // // if no object was found it might be that we have a component that references an animation clip but wants to target another object
+                // // in that case UnityGLTF writes the name of the component as track targets because it doesnt know of the intented target
+                // animationTarget = root;
+            }
+            if (!this.dict.has(animationTarget)) {
+                this.dict.set(animationTarget, []);
+            }
+            const transformDataForTarget = this.dict.get(animationTarget);
+            if (!transformDataForTarget) {
+                console.warn("no transform data found for target ", animationTarget, "at slot " + currentCount + ", this is likely a bug");
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // this node has animation data for this clip – no need for additional padding
+            unregisteredNodesForThisClip.delete(animationTarget);
+
+            // Since we're interleaving animations, we need to ensure that for the same root,
+            // all clips that "touch" it are written in the same order for all animated nodes.
+            // this means we need to pad the TransformData array with empty entries when a particular
+            // node inside that root is not animated by a particular clip.
+            // It also means that when we encounter a clip that contains animation data for a new node,
+            // We need to pad that one's array as well so it starts at the same point.
+            // TODO most likely doesn't work for overlapping clips (clips where a root is a child of another root)
+            // TODO in that case we may need to pad globally, not per root
+
+            // Inject a rest pose if we don't have it already
+            if (this.injectRestPoses && !transformDataForTarget[0]) {
+                console.log("Injecting rest pose", animationTarget, clip, "at slot", currentCount);
+                transformDataForTarget[0] = new TransformData(null, animationTarget, null);
+            }
+            // These all need to be at the same index, otherwise our padding went wrong
+            let model = transformDataForTarget[currentCount];
+            
+            if (!model) {
+                model = new TransformData(root, animationTarget, clip);
+                transformDataForTarget[currentCount] = model;
+            }
+            model.addTrack(track);
+
+            // We're keeping track of all animated nodes per root, needed for proper padding
+            if (!targets?.includes(animationTarget)) targets?.push(animationTarget);
+        }
+        }
+
+        if (debug) console.log("Unregistered nodes for this clip", unregisteredNodesForThisClip, "clip", clip, "at slot", currentCount, "for root", root, "targets", targets)
+
+        // add padding for nodes that are not animated by this clip
+        for (const target of unregisteredNodesForThisClip) {
+            const transformDataForTarget = this.dict.get(target);
+            if (!transformDataForTarget) continue;
+
+            // Inject rest pose if these nodes don't have it yet for some reason – this is likely a bug
+            if (this.injectRestPoses && !transformDataForTarget[0]) {
+                console.warn("Adding rest pose for ", target, clip, "at slot", currentCount, "This is likely a bug, should have been added earlier.");
+                const model = new TransformData(null, target, null);
+                transformDataForTarget[0] = model;
+            }
+
+            let model = transformDataForTarget[currentCount];
+            if (!model) {
+                if (debug) console.log("Adding padding clip for ", target, clip, "at slot", currentCount);
+                model = new TransformData(root, target, clip);
+                transformDataForTarget[currentCount] = model;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // get the entry for this object. 
+        // This doesnt work if we have clips animating multiple objects
+        const info = new RegisteredAnimationInfo(this, root, clip);
+        this.rootAndClipToRegisteredAnimationMap.set(hash, info);
+        
+        if (debug) console.log({root, clip, info});
+        if (clip) {
+            const registered = this.rootToRegisteredClip.get(root);
+            if (!registered) this.rootToRegisteredClip.set(root, [clip]);
+            else registered.push(clip);
+
+            const lastClip = this.clipToStartTime.get(clip);
+            if (!lastClip) {
+                if (this.lastClipEndTime == null) this.lastClipEndTime = TransformData.restPoseClipDuration;
+                
+                let newStartTime = this.lastClipEndTime + TransformData.animationDurationPadding;
+                let newEndTime = newStartTime + clip.duration;
+
+                // Round these times, makes it easier to understand what happens in the file
+                const roundedStartTime = Math.round(newStartTime * 60) / 60;
+                const roundedEndTime = Math.round(newEndTime * 60) / 60;
+                if (Math.abs(roundedStartTime - newStartTime) < 0.01) newStartTime = roundedStartTime;
+                if (Math.abs(roundedEndTime - newEndTime) < 0.01) newEndTime = roundedEndTime;
+                // Round newStartTime up to the next frame
+                newStartTime = Math.ceil(newStartTime);
+                newEndTime = newStartTime + clip.duration;
+                
+                this.clipToStartTime.set(clip, newStartTime);
+                this.lastClipEndTime = newEndTime;
+            }
+        }
+        return info;
+    }
+
+    onAfterHierarchy(_context) {
+        if (debug) console.log("Animation clips per animation target node", this.dict);
+    }
+
+    onAfterBuildDocument(_context: any) {
+
+        // Validation: go through all roots, check if their data and lengths are consistent.
+        // There are some cases that we can patch up here, especially if non-overlapping animations have resulted in "holes"
+        // in TransformData where only now we know what the matching animation clip actually is.
+        if (debug) console.log("Animation data", { dict: this.dict, rootTargetMap: this.rootTargetMap, rootToRegisteredClip: this.rootToRegisteredClip});
+
+        for (const root of this.rootTargetMap.keys()) {
+            const targets = this.rootTargetMap.get(root);
+
+            if (!targets) continue;
+
+            // The TransformData[] arrays here should have the same length, and the same durations
+            let arrayLength: number | undefined = undefined;
+            const durations: Array<number | undefined> = [];
+            for (const target of targets) {
+                const datas = this.dict.get(target);
+                if (!datas) {
+                    console.error("No data found for target on USDZ export – please report a bug!", target);
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (arrayLength === undefined) arrayLength = datas?.length;
+                if (arrayLength !== datas?.length) console.error("Different array lengths for targets – please report a bug!", datas);
+
+                for (let i = 0; i < datas.length; i++) {
+                    let data = datas[i];
+                    if (!data) {
+                        // If we don't have TransformData for this object yet, we're emitting a rest pose with the duration
+                        // of the matching clip that was registered for this root. 
+                        const index = i - (this.injectRestPoses ? 1 : 0);
+                        datas[i] = new TransformData(null, target, this.rootToRegisteredClip.get(root)![index]);
+                        data = datas[i];
+                    }
+
+                    const duration = data.getDuration();
+                    if (durations[i] === undefined) durations[i] = duration;
+                    else if (durations[i] !== duration) {
+                        console.error("Error during UDSZ export: Encountered different animation durations for animated targets. Please report a bug!", {datas, target});
+                        durations[i] = duration;
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (const ser of this.serializers) {
+            const parent = ser.model?.parent;
+            const isEmptyParent = parent?.isDynamic === true;
+            if (debugSerialization) console.log(isEmptyParent, ser.model?.parent);
+            if (isEmptyParent) {
+                ser.registerCallback(parent);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    onExportObject(object, model: USDObject, _context) {
+
+        GameObject.foreachComponent(object, (comp) => {
+            const c = comp as unknown as UsdzAnimation;
+            if (typeof c.createAnimation === "function") {
+                c.createAnimation(this, model, _context);
+            }
+        }, false);
+
+        // we need to be able to retarget serialization to empty parents before actually serializing (we do that in another callback)
+        const ser = new SerializeAnimation(object, this);
+        this.serializers.push(ser);
+        ser.registerCallback(model);
+    }
+
+}
+
+declare type TransformDataByObject = Map<Object3D, TransformData[]>;
+declare type AnimationClipFrameTimes = { pos: number[], rot: number[], scale: number[], timeOffset: number };
+
+class SerializeAnimation {
+
+    model: USDObject | undefined = undefined;
+    
+    private object: Object3D;
+    private animationData: Map<Object3D, Array<TransformData>>;
+    private ext: AnimationExtension;
+
+    private callback?: (writer: USDWriter, context: USDZExporterContext) => void;
+
+    constructor(object: Object3D, ext: AnimationExtension) {
+        this.object = object;
+        this.animationData = ext.animationData;
+        this.ext = ext;
+    }
+
+    registerCallback(model: USDObject) {
+        if (this.model && this.callback) {
+            this.model.removeEventListener("serialize", this.callback);
+        }
+        if (!this.callback)
+            this.callback = this.onSerialize.bind(this);
+        if (debugSerialization) console.log("REPARENT", model);
+        this.model = model;
+        
+        if (this.callback)
+            this.model.addEventListener("serialize", this.callback);
+    }
+
+    skinnedMeshExport(writer: USDWriter, _context: USDZExporterContext, ext: AnimationExtension) {
+        const model = this.model;
+        const dict = this.animationData;
+        if (!model) return;
+
+        if ( model.skinnedMesh ) {
+
+            const skeleton = model.skinnedMesh.skeleton;
+
+            const boneAndInverse = new Array<{bone: Object3D, inverse: Matrix4}>();
+
+            const sortedBones:Bone[] = [];
+            const uuidsFound:string[] = [];
+            for(const bone of skeleton.bones ) {
+                // if (bone.parent!.type !== 'Bone')
+                {
+                    sortedBones.push(bone);
+                    uuidsFound.push(bone.uuid);
+                    const inverse = skeleton.boneInverses[skeleton.bones.indexOf(bone)];
+                    boneAndInverse.push({bone, inverse});
+                }
+            }
+
+            let maxSteps = 10_000;
+            while (uuidsFound.length < skeleton.bones.length && maxSteps-- > 0) {
+                for (const sortedBone of sortedBones){
+                    const children = sortedBone.children as Bone[];
+                    for (const childBone of children){
+                        if (uuidsFound.indexOf(childBone.uuid) === -1 && skeleton.bones.indexOf(childBone) !== -1){
+                            sortedBones.push(childBone);
+                            uuidsFound.push(childBone.uuid);
+                            const childInverse = skeleton.boneInverses[skeleton.bones.indexOf(childBone)];
+                            boneAndInverse.push({bone: childBone, inverse: childInverse});
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (maxSteps <= 0) console.error("Failed to sort bones in skinned mesh", model.skinnedMesh, skeleton.bones, uuidsFound);
+
+            for (const structuralNode of findStructuralNodesInBoneHierarchy(skeleton.bones)) {
+                boneAndInverse.push({bone: structuralNode, inverse: structuralNode.matrixWorld.clone().invert()});
+            }
+            
+            // sort bones by path – need to be sorted in the same order as during mesh export
+            const assumedRoot = boneAndInverse[0].bone.parent!;
+            if (!assumedRoot) console.error("No bone parent found for skinned mesh during USDZ export", model.skinnedMesh);
+            boneAndInverse.sort((a, b) => getPathToSkeleton(a.bone, assumedRoot) > getPathToSkeleton(b.bone, assumedRoot) ? 1 : -1);
+
+            function createVector3TimeSampleLines_( values: Map<number, Vector3[]> ) {
+
+                const lines:string[] = []
+                for (const [frame, frameValues] of values) {
+                    let line = `${frame} : [`;
+                    const boneRotations: Array<string> = [];
+                    for ( const v of frameValues ) {
+                        boneRotations.push( `(${fn( v.x )}, ${fn( v.y )}, ${fn( v.z )})` );
+                    }
+                    line = line.concat( boneRotations.join( ', ' ) );
+                    line = line.concat( '],' );
+                    lines.push( line );
+                }
+
+                return lines;
+                
+            }
+
+            function createVector4TimeSampleLines_( rotations: Map<number, Quaternion[]> ) {
+
+                const lines:string[] = []
+
+                for (const [frame, frameRotations] of rotations) {
+                    let line = `${frame} : [`;
+                    const boneRotations: Array<string> = [];
+                    for ( const v of frameRotations ) {
+                        boneRotations.push( `(${fn( v.w )}, ${fn( v.x )}, ${fn( v.y )}, ${fn( v.z )})` );
+                    }
+                    line = line.concat( boneRotations.join( ', ' ) );
+                    line = line.concat( '],' );
+                    lines.push( line );
+                }
+
+                return lines;
+
+            }
+
+            function getSortedFrameTimes( boneToTransformData: TransformDataByObject ): AnimationClipFrameTimes[] {
+        
+                // We should have a proper rectangular array,
+                // Where for each bone we have the same number of TransformData entries.
+                let numberOfEntries: number | undefined = undefined;
+                let allBonesHaveSameNumberOfTransformDataEntries = true;
+                const undefinedBoneEntries = new Map<Object3D, Array<number>>();
+                for (const [bone, transformDatas] of boneToTransformData) {
+                    if (numberOfEntries === undefined) numberOfEntries = transformDatas.length;
+                    if (numberOfEntries !== transformDatas.length) {
+                        allBonesHaveSameNumberOfTransformDataEntries = false;
+                    }
+                    let index = 0;
+                    for (const transformData of transformDatas) {
+                        index++;
+                        if (!transformData) {
+                            if (!undefinedBoneEntries.has(bone)) undefinedBoneEntries.set(bone, []);
+                            undefinedBoneEntries.get(bone)!.push(index);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // TODO not working yet for multiple skinned characters at the same time
+                if (debug) {
+                    console.log("Bone count: ", boneToTransformData.size, "TransformData entries per bone: ", numberOfEntries, "Undefined bone entries: ", undefinedBoneEntries);
+                }
+                console.assert(allBonesHaveSameNumberOfTransformDataEntries, "All bones should have the same number of TransformData entries", boneToTransformData);
+                console.assert(undefinedBoneEntries.size === 0, "All TransformData entries should be set", undefinedBoneEntries);
+                const times: AnimationClipFrameTimes[] = [];
+
+                for (const [bone, transformDatas] of boneToTransformData) {
+                    
+                    /*
+                    // calculate start times from the transformDatas
+                    const startTimes = new Array<number>();
+                    let currentStartTime = 0;
+                    for (let i = 0; i < transformDatas.length; i++) {
+                        startTimes.push(currentStartTime);
+                        currentStartTime += transformDatas[i].getDuration() + TransformData.animationDurationPadding;
+                    }
+                    */
+
+                    for (let i = 0; i < transformDatas.length; i++) {
+                        const transformData = transformDatas[i];
+                        // const timeOffset = transformData.getStartTime(dict);
+                        const timeOffset = ext.getStartTimeByClip(transformData.clip);
+                        if (times.length <= i) {
+                            times.push({pos: [], rot: [], scale: [], timeOffset});
+                        }
+
+                        const perTransfromDataTimes = times[i];
+
+                        perTransfromDataTimes.pos.push( ...transformData.getSortedTimesArray(true, false, false));
+                        perTransfromDataTimes.rot.push( ...transformData.getSortedTimesArray(false, true, false));
+                        perTransfromDataTimes.scale.push( ...transformData.getSortedTimesArray(false, false, true));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                for (const perTransfromDataTimes of times) {
+
+                    /*
+                    // TODO we're doing that in animation export as well
+                    if (!times.pos.includes(0)) times.pos.push(0);
+                    if (!times.rot.includes(0)) times.rot.push(0);
+                    if (!times.scale.includes(0)) times.scale.push(0);
+                    */
+
+                    // sort times so it's increasing
+                    perTransfromDataTimes.pos.sort((a, b) => a - b);
+                    perTransfromDataTimes.rot.sort((a, b) => a - b);
+                    perTransfromDataTimes.scale.sort((a, b) => a - b);
+
+                    // make sure time values are unique
+                    perTransfromDataTimes.pos = [...new Set(perTransfromDataTimes.pos)];
+                    perTransfromDataTimes.rot = [...new Set(perTransfromDataTimes.rot)];
+                    perTransfromDataTimes.scale = [...new Set(perTransfromDataTimes.scale)];
+                }
+
+                return times;
+            }
+
+            function createTimeSamplesObject_( data: TransformDataByObject, sortedComponentFrameNumbers: AnimationClipFrameTimes[], bones: Array<Object3D> ) {
+                const positionTimeSamples = new Map<number, Array<Vector3>>();
+                const quaternionTimeSamples = new Map<number, Array<Quaternion>>();
+                const scaleTimeSamples = new Map<number, Array<Vector3>>();
+
+                const count = sortedComponentFrameNumbers.length;
+
+                // return sampled data for each bone
+                for ( const bone of bones ) {
+                    const boneEntryInData = data.get( bone );
+
+                    let emptyTransformData: TransformData | undefined = undefined;
+                    // if we have animation data for this bone, check that it's the right amount.
+                    if (boneEntryInData)
+                        console.assert(boneEntryInData.length === count, "We should have the same number of TransformData entries for each bone", boneEntryInData, sortedComponentFrameNumbers);
+                    // if we don't have animation data, create an empty one – 
+                    // it will automatically map to the rest pose, albeit inefficiently
+                    else
+                        emptyTransformData = new TransformData(null, bone, null);
+
+                    for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+                        const transformData = boneEntryInData ? boneEntryInData[i] : emptyTransformData!;
+                        const timeData = sortedComponentFrameNumbers[i];
+
+                        for (const { time, translation } of transformData.getValues(timeData.pos, true, false, false)) {
+                            const shiftedTime = time + timeData.timeOffset;
+                            const t = shiftedTime * 60;
+
+                            if (!positionTimeSamples.has(t)) positionTimeSamples.set(t, new Array<Vector3>());
+                            positionTimeSamples.get(t)!.push( translation.clone() );
+                        }
+                        for (const { time, rotation } of transformData.getValues(timeData.rot, false, true, false)) {
+                            const shiftedTime = time + timeData.timeOffset;
+                            const t = shiftedTime * 60;
+
+                            if (!quaternionTimeSamples.has(t)) quaternionTimeSamples.set(t, new Array<Quaternion>());
+                            quaternionTimeSamples.get(t)!.push( rotation.clone() );
+                        }
+                        for (const { time, scale } of transformData.getValues(timeData.scale, false, false, true)) {
+                            const shiftedTime = time + timeData.timeOffset;
+                            const t = shiftedTime * 60;
+
+                            if (!scaleTimeSamples.has(t)) scaleTimeSamples.set(t, new Array<Vector3>());
+                            scaleTimeSamples.get(t)!.push( scale.clone() );
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return {
+                    position: positionTimeSamples.size == 0 ? undefined : positionTimeSamples,
+                    quaternion: quaternionTimeSamples.size == 0 ? undefined: quaternionTimeSamples,
+                    scale: scaleTimeSamples.size == 0 ? undefined : scaleTimeSamples,
+                };
+            }
+
+            function buildVector3Array_( array: Array<Vector3> ) {
+                const lines: Array<string> = [];
+                for ( const v of array ) {
+                    lines.push( `(${fn( v.x )}, ${fn( v.y )}, ${fn( v.z )})` );
+                }
+                return lines.join( ', ' );
+            }
+
+            function buildVector4Array_( array: Array<Quaternion> ) {
+                const lines: Array<string> = [];
+                for ( const v of array ) {
+                    lines.push( `(${fn( v.w )}, ${fn( v.x )}, ${fn( v.y )}, ${fn( v.z )})` );
+                }
+                return lines.join( ', ' );
+            }
+
+            function getPerBoneTransformData( bones: Array<Object3D> ): TransformDataByObject {
+
+                const boneToTransformData = new Map<Object3D, TransformData[]>();                
+                if (debug) {
+                    const logData = new Array<string>();
+                    for (const [key, val] of dict) {
+                        logData.push(key.uuid + ": " + val.length + " " + val.map(x => x.clip?.uuid.substring(0, 6)).join(" "));
+                    }
+                    console.log("getPerBoneTransformData\n" + logData.join("\n"));
+                }
+
+                for (const bone of bones) {
+                    const data = dict.get(bone);
+                    if (!data) continue;
+                    boneToTransformData.set(bone, data);
+                }
+
+                return boneToTransformData;
+            }
+
+            function createAllTimeSampleObjects( bones: Array<Object3D> ) {
+                const perBoneTransformData = getPerBoneTransformData( bones );
+                const sortedFrameNumbers = getSortedFrameTimes( perBoneTransformData );
+                return createTimeSamplesObject_( perBoneTransformData, sortedFrameNumbers, bones );
+            }
+
+            const sanitizeRestPose = _context.quickLookCompatible;
+
+            const rest: Array<Matrix4> = [];
+            const translations: Array<Vector3> = [];
+            const rotations: Array<Quaternion> = [];
+            const scales: Array<Vector3> = [];
+            for ( const { bone } of boneAndInverse ){
+
+                // Workaround for FB13808839: Rest poses must be decomposable in QuickLook
+                if (sanitizeRestPose) {
+                    const scale = bone.scale;
+                    if (scale.x == 0) scale.x = 0.00001;
+                    if (scale.y == 0) scale.y = 0.00001;
+                    if (scale.z == 0) scale.z = 0.00001;
+                    rest.push( new Matrix4().compose( bone.position, bone.quaternion, bone.scale )) ;
+                } else {
+                    rest.push( bone.matrix.clone() );
+                }
+                translations.push( bone.position ) ;
+                rotations.push( bone.quaternion );
+                scales.push( bone.scale );
+            }
+
+            const bonesArray = boneAndInverse.map( x => "\"" + getPathToSkeleton(x.bone, assumedRoot) + "\"" ).join( ', ' );
+            const bindTransforms = boneAndInverse.map( x => buildMatrix( x.inverse.clone().invert() ) ).join( ', ' );
+            
+            writer.beginBlock( `def Skeleton "Rig"`);
+
+            writer.appendLine( `uniform matrix4d[] bindTransforms = [${bindTransforms}]` );
+            writer.appendLine( `uniform token[] joints = [${bonesArray}]` );
+            writer.appendLine( `uniform token purpose = "guide"` );
+            writer.appendLine( `uniform matrix4d[] restTransforms = [${rest.map( m => buildMatrix( m ) ).join( ', ' )}]` );
+            
+            // In glTF, transformations on the Skeleton are ignored (NODE_SKINNED_MESH_LOCAL_TRANSFORMS validator warning)
+            // So here we don't write anything to get an identity transform.
+            // writer.appendLine( `matrix4d xformOp:transform = ${buildMatrix( new Matrix4() )}` );
+            // writer.appendLine( `uniform token[] xformOpOrder = ["xformOp:transform"]` );
+
+            const timeSampleObjects = createAllTimeSampleObjects ( boneAndInverse.map( x => x.bone ) );
+
+            if (debug) {
+                // find the first..last value in the time samples
+                let min = 10000000;
+                let max = 0;
+                for (const key of timeSampleObjects.position?.keys() ?? []) {
+                    min = Math.min(min, key);
+                    max = Math.max(max, key);
+                }
+                console.log("Time samples", min, max, timeSampleObjects);
+            }
+
+            writer.beginBlock( `def SkelAnimation "_anim"` );
+
+            // TODO if we include blendshapes we likely need subdivision?
+            // writer.appendLine( `uniform token[] blendShapes` )
+            // writer.appendLine( `float[] blendShapeWeights` )
+
+            writer.appendLine( `uniform token[] joints = [${bonesArray}]` );
+
+            writer.appendLine( `quatf[] rotations = [${buildVector4Array_( rotations )}]` );
+            
+            if ( timeSampleObjects && timeSampleObjects.quaternion ) {
+                writer.beginBlock( `quatf[] rotations.timeSamples = {`, '');
+                const rotationTimeSampleLines = createVector4TimeSampleLines_( timeSampleObjects['quaternion'] );
+                for ( const line of rotationTimeSampleLines ) {
+                    writer.appendLine( line );
+                }
+                writer.closeBlock();
+
+            }
+
+            writer.appendLine( `half3[] scales = [${buildVector3Array_( scales )}]` );
+
+            if ( timeSampleObjects && timeSampleObjects.scale ) {
+                writer.beginBlock( `half3[] scales.timeSamples = {`, '' );
+                const scaleTimeSampleLines = createVector3TimeSampleLines_( timeSampleObjects['scale'] );
+
+                for ( const line of scaleTimeSampleLines ) {
+                    writer.appendLine( line );
+                }
+                writer.closeBlock();
+
+            }
+
+            writer.appendLine( `float3[] translations = [${buildVector3Array_( translations )}]` );
+
+            if ( timeSampleObjects && timeSampleObjects.position) {
+                writer.beginBlock( `float3[] translations.timeSamples = {`, '' );
+                const positionTimeSampleLines = createVector3TimeSampleLines_( timeSampleObjects['position'] );
+
+                for ( const line of positionTimeSampleLines ) {
+                    writer.appendLine( line );
+                }
+                writer.closeBlock();
+
+            }
+
+            writer.closeBlock();
+            writer.closeBlock();
+
+        }
+    }
+
+    onSerialize(writer: USDWriter, _context: USDZExporterContext) {
+        if (!this.model) return;
+
+        // Workaround: Sanitize TransformData for this object.
+        // This works around an issue with wrongly detected animation roots, where some of the indices
+        // in the TransformData array are not property set. Reproduces with golem_yokai.glb
+        const arr0 = this.animationData.get(this.object);
+        if (arr0) {
+            for (let i = 0; i < arr0.length; i++) {
+                if (arr0[i] !== undefined) continue;
+                arr0[i] = new TransformData(null, this.object, null);
+            }
+        }
+
+        const ext = this.ext;
+
+        this.skinnedMeshExport(writer, _context, ext);
+
+        const object = this.object;
+        const model = this.model;
+
+        // do we have animation data for this node? if not, return
+        const animationData = this.animationData.get(object);
+        if (!animationData) return;
+
+        // Skinned meshes are handled separately by the method above. 
+        // They need to be handled first (before checking for animation data) because animation needs to be exported
+        // as part of the skinned mesh and that may not be animated at all – if any bone is animated we need to export.
+        //@ts-ignore
+        if (object.isSkinnedMesh) return;
+
+        // Excluding the concrete bone xform hierarchy animation his is mostly useful for debugging, 
+        // as otherwise we're getting a ton of extra animation data per-bone xform
+        // TODO if this turns out to be slow/large (lots of duplicated animation data)
+        // we can look into optimizing it, and only including both the xform hierarchy and the animation
+        // only when we need it – when anywhere below it in the hierarchy are animated visible meshes.
+        //@ts-ignore
+        // if (object.isBone) return;
+
+        if (debugSerialization) console.log("SERIALIZE", this.model.name, this.object.type, animationData);
+
+        // const composedTransform = new Matrix4();
+        // writer.appendLine("matrix4d xformOp:transform.timeSamples = {");
+        // writer.indent++;
+
+        // TransformData is a collection of clips (position, rotation and scale) for a particular node
+        // We need to make sure that the same underlying animation clip ends up
+        // at the same start time in the USD file, and that we're not getting overlaps to other clips.
+        // That means that the same clip (transformData.clip) should end up at the same start time for all nodes.
+
+        // calculate start times
+        // calculate start times from the transformDatas
+        /*
+        const startTimes = new Array<number>();
+        let currentStartTime = 0;
+        for (let i = 0; i < animationData.length; i++) {
+            startTimes.push(currentStartTime);
+            if (animationData[i] === undefined) {
+                console.error("Got an undefined transform data, this is likely a bug.", object, animationData);
+                continue;
+            }
+            currentStartTime += animationData[i].getDuration() + TransformData.animationDurationPadding;
+        }
+        */
+
+        const formatter = Intl.NumberFormat("en-US", {
+            maximumFractionDigits: 3,
+            minimumFractionDigits: 0,
+            useGrouping: false,
+        });
+
+        function writeAnimationTimesamples(arr: TransformData[], type: "position" | "rotation" | "scale") {
+
+            const hasAnimationData = arr.some(x => x && {
+                position: x.pos,
+                rotation: x.rot,
+                scale: x.scale
+            }[type]);
+            if (!hasAnimationData) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            switch (type) {
+                case "position":
+                    model.needsTranslate = true;
+                    writer.beginBlock(`double3 xformOp:translate.timeSamples = {`, '');
+                    break;
+                case "rotation":
+                    model.needsOrient = true;
+                    writer.beginBlock(`quatf xformOp:orient.timeSamples = {`, '');
+                    break;
+                case "scale":
+                    model.needsScale = true;
+                    writer.beginBlock(`double3 xformOp:scale.timeSamples = {`, '');
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
+                const transformData = arr[i];
+                if (!transformData) continue;
+                const startTime = ext.getStartTimeByClip(transformData.clip);
+                const timesArray = transformData.getSortedTimesArray(type === "position", type === "rotation", type === "scale");
+
+                if (!timesArray || timesArray.length === 0) {
+                    console.error("got an animated object but no time values?", object, transformData);
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                const isRestPose = !transformData.clip;
+                const hasPos = type === "position" && (transformData.pos || isRestPose);
+                const hasRot = type === "rotation" && (transformData.rot || isRestPose);
+                const hasScale = type === "scale" && (transformData.scale || isRestPose);
+
+                // Writing out the clip name and duration.
+                // If this is a rest pose clip, we still want to write it out, as it's a valid clip.
+                if (hasPos || hasRot || hasScale)
+                {
+                    const clipName = transformData.clip?.name ?? "rest";
+                    const duration = transformData.getDuration();
+                    if (debug) console.log("Write .timeSamples:", clipName, startTime, duration, arr);
+                    writer.appendLine("# " + clipName + ": start=" + formatter.format(startTime * TransformData.frameRate) + ", length=" + formatter.format(duration * TransformData.frameRate) + ", frames=" + transformData.getFrames());
+                }
+
+                if (hasPos) {
+                    for (const { time, translation } of transformData.getValues(timesArray, true, false, false)) {
+                        const timeStr = formatter.format((startTime + time) * TransformData.frameRate);
+                        const line = `${timeStr}: (${fn(translation.x)}, ${fn(translation.y)}, ${fn(translation.z)}),`;
+                        writer.appendLine(line);
+                    }
+                }
+                if (hasRot) {
+                    for (const { time, rotation } of transformData.getValues(timesArray, false, true, false)) {
+                        const timeStr = formatter.format((startTime + time) * TransformData.frameRate);
+                        const line = `${timeStr}: (${fn(rotation.w)}, ${fn(rotation.x)}, ${fn(rotation.y)}, ${fn(rotation.z)}),`;
+                        writer.appendLine(line);
+                    }
+                }
+                if (hasScale) {
+                    for (const { time, scale } of transformData.getValues(timesArray, false, false, true)) {
+                        const timeStr = formatter.format((startTime + time) * TransformData.frameRate);
+                        const line = `${timeStr}: (${fn(scale.x)}, ${fn(scale.y)}, ${fn(scale.z)}),`;
+                        writer.appendLine(line);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            writer.closeBlock();
+        }
+        writeAnimationTimesamples(animationData, "position");
+        writeAnimationTimesamples(animationData, "rotation");
+        writeAnimationTimesamples(animationData, "scale");
+
+        // We must be careful here that we don't overwrite the xformOpOrder that the object already had.
+        // it _might_ not even have any (if the position/quaternion/scale are all indentity values)
+        // so in some cases we end up writing the same xformOpOrder multiple times here...
+        // So right now, we just always write the xformOpOrder when traversing the hierarchy, in case something is animated.
+        
+        // if (xFormOrder.length > 0) {
+            // const xformUnique = [...new Set(xFormOrder)];
+            // writer.appendLine(`uniform token[] xformOpOrder = [${xformUnique.map(x => `"${x}"`).join(', ')}]`);
+            // writer.appendLine('uniform token[] xformOpOrder = ["xformOp:translate", "xformOp:orient", "xformOp:scale"]');
+        // }
+
+        // for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
+        //     const transformData = arr[i];
+        //     if (!transformData) continue;
+        //     const startTime = startTimes[i];
+        //     const timesArray = transformData.getSortedTimesArray();
+
+        //     if (!timesArray || timesArray.length === 0) {
+        //         console.error("got an animated object but no time values?", object, transformData);
+        //         continue;
+        //     }
+        //     for (const { time, translation, rotation, scale } of transformData.getValues(timesArray)) {
+        //         composedTransform.compose(translation, rotation, scale);
+
+
+        //         const timeStr = formatter.format((startTime + time) * transformData.frameRate);
+        //         const line = `${timeStr}: ${buildMatrix(composedTransform)},`;
+        //         writer.appendLine(line);
+        //     }
+        // }
+
+        // writer.indent--;
+        // writer.appendLine("}");
+    }
+}